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Repository: Lissy93/personal-security-checklist
Branch: master
Commit: 6d4ea7245065
Files: 82
Total size: 536.8 KB
Directory structure:
gitextract_72taraow/
├── .github/
│ ├── CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
│ ├── CONTRIBUTING.md
│ ├── ISSUE_TEMPLATE/
│ │ ├── addition.yml
│ │ ├── amendment.yml
│ │ └── removal.yml
│ ├── PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
│ ├── README.md
│ └── workflows/
│ ├── insert-checklist.yml
│ ├── maintain-gh-pages.yml
│ └── sync-mirror.yml
├── CHECKLIST.md
├── Dockerfile
├── LICENSE
├── articles/
│ ├── 0_Why_It_Matters.md
│ ├── 2_TLDR_Short_List.md
│ ├── 4_Privacy_And_Security_Links.md
│ ├── 5_Privacy_Respecting_Software.md
│ ├── 6_Privacy_and-Security_Gadgets.md
│ ├── ATTRIBUTIONS.md
│ └── Secure-Messaging.md
├── lib/
│ ├── api-spec.yml
│ ├── api.py
│ ├── generate.py
│ ├── requirements.txt
│ ├── schema.json
│ └── validate.py
├── personal-security-checklist.yml
└── web/
├── .eslintignore
├── .eslintrc.cjs
├── .gitignore
├── .prettierignore
├── .vscode/
│ ├── launch.json
│ ├── qwik-city.code-snippets
│ └── qwik.code-snippets
├── README.txt
├── adapters/
│ ├── static/
│ │ └── vite.config.mts
│ └── vercel-edge/
│ └── vite.config.mts
├── package.json
├── postcss.config.js
├── public/
│ ├── manifest.json
│ └── robots.txt
├── src/
│ ├── components/
│ │ ├── core/
│ │ │ └── icon.tsx
│ │ ├── furniture/
│ │ │ ├── footer.tsx
│ │ │ ├── header.tsx
│ │ │ ├── hero.tsx
│ │ │ └── nav.tsx
│ │ ├── psc/
│ │ │ ├── checklist-table.tsx
│ │ │ ├── progress.tsx
│ │ │ ├── psc.module.css
│ │ │ └── section-link-grid.tsx
│ │ ├── router-head/
│ │ │ └── router-head.tsx
│ │ └── starter/
│ │ └── icons/
│ │ └── qwik.tsx
│ ├── data/
│ │ └── articles.ts
│ ├── entry.dev.tsx
│ ├── entry.preview.tsx
│ ├── entry.ssr.tsx
│ ├── entry.vercel-edge.tsx
│ ├── hooks/
│ │ └── useLocalStorage.ts
│ ├── root.tsx
│ ├── routes/
│ │ ├── _404.tsx
│ │ ├── about/
│ │ │ ├── about-content.ts
│ │ │ └── index.tsx
│ │ ├── article/
│ │ │ ├── [slug]/
│ │ │ │ ├── article.module.css
│ │ │ │ └── index.tsx
│ │ │ └── index.tsx
│ │ ├── checklist/
│ │ │ ├── [title]/
│ │ │ │ └── index.tsx
│ │ │ └── index.tsx
│ │ ├── index.tsx
│ │ ├── layout.tsx
│ │ └── service-worker.ts
│ ├── store/
│ │ ├── checklist-context.ts
│ │ ├── local-checklist-store.ts
│ │ └── theme-store.ts
│ ├── styles/
│ │ ├── global.css
│ │ └── tailwind.css
│ └── types/
│ ├── PSC.ts
│ ├── progressbar.d.ts
│ └── vite-plugin-copy.d.ts
├── tailwind.config.js
├── tsconfig.json
├── vercel.json
└── vite.config.mts
================================================
FILE CONTENTS
================================================
================================================
FILE: .github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
================================================
# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
## Our Pledge
In the interest of fostering an open and welcoming environment, we as
contributors and maintainers pledge to making participation in our project and
our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
size, disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender identity and expression,
level of experience, education, socio-economic status, nationality, personal
appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.
## Our Standards
Examples of behavior that contributes to creating a positive environment
include:
* Using welcoming and inclusive language
* Being respectful of differing viewpoints and experiences
* Gracefully accepting constructive criticism
* Focusing on what is best for the community
* Showing empathy towards other community members
Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include:
* The use of sexualized language or imagery and unwelcome sexual attention or
advances
* Trolling, insulting/derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
* Public or private harassment
* Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or electronic
address, without explicit permission
* Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
professional setting
## Our Responsibilities
Project maintainers are responsible for clarifying the standards of acceptable
behavior and are expected to take appropriate and fair corrective action in
response to any instances of unacceptable behavior.
Project maintainers have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or
reject comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions
that are not aligned to this Code of Conduct, or to ban temporarily or
permanently any contributor for other behaviors that they deem inappropriate,
threatening, offensive, or harmful.
## Scope
This Code of Conduct applies both within project spaces and in public spaces
when an individual is representing the project or its community. Examples of
representing a project or community include using an official project e-mail
address, posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed
representative at an online or offline event. Representation of a project may be
further defined and clarified by project maintainers.
## Enforcement
Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
reported by contacting the project team at alicia@as93.net. All
complaints will be reviewed and investigated and will result in a response that
is deemed necessary and appropriate to the circumstances. The project team is
obligated to maintain confidentiality with regard to the reporter of an incident.
Further details of specific enforcement policies may be posted separately.
Project maintainers who do not follow or enforce the Code of Conduct in good
faith may face temporary or permanent repercussions as determined by other
members of the project's leadership.
## Attribution
This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage], version 1.4,
available at https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/code-of-conduct.html
[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org
For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see
https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq
================================================
FILE: .github/CONTRIBUTING.md
================================================
# Contributing
Like most open source projects, this list exists because of contributors like yourself. 💖<br>
I would like to personally thank you for taking the time to further this list, and also for checking the contributing policy.
You can find project setup, build and deploy instructions in the [README](./README.md).
---
> [!NOTE]
> **Working on your first Pull Request?** You can learn more about contributing to open source at [Git-In](https://github.com/Lissy93/git-in)
> [!IMPORTANT]
>
> - If you're updating the checklist, the only file you need to update is `personal-security-checklist.yml`. DO NOT edit the markdown or website content directly, as this will be overridden on the next build.
> - When submitting your pull request, provide references backing up any information that you're adding/amending/removing.
> - Please ensure you've followed our [code of conduct](/.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md), that is adapted from [Contributor Covenant](https://www.contributor-covenant.org/).
> - If you're adding or deleting something major, you should consider opening an issue first to discuss it.
> [!WARNING]
> Users submitting PRs, issues or comments which are either obviously spam or activley offensive **will be reported**
================================================
FILE: .github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/addition.yml
================================================
name: Addition
description: 🆕 Suggest something to be added to the list
title: '[ADDITION] <title>'
labels: ['Suggested Addition', 'Awaiting Review']
assignees:
- lissy93
body:
# Location
- type: input
id: location
attributes:
label: Location
description: >-
Indicate which section (and if applicable sub-section) the addition should be made
placeholder:
validations:
required: true
# Addition Info
- type: textarea
id: addition
attributes:
label: Addition
description: |
Please describe what should be added
Where applicable, provide links to reputable sources to back up any info
placeholder:
validations:
required: true
# Can user submit PR
- type: dropdown
id: canImplement
attributes:
label: Would you like to submit a PR?
description: Is this addition something that you are willing to submit a pull request for?
options:
- 'No'
- 'Maybe'
- 'Yes'
validations:
required: false
# Confirmation checkboxes
- type: checkboxes
id: idiot-check
attributes:
label: Please tick the boxes
options:
- label: To the best of my knowledge, the information I've provided is correct
required: true
- label: I have checked that a similar ticket has not previously been opened
required: true
- label: I agree to the repositories [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/master/.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)
required: true
================================================
FILE: .github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/amendment.yml
================================================
name: Amendment
description: ✏️ Suggest an edit or bring attention to a mistake
title: '[AMENDMENT] <title>'
labels: ['Suggested Amendment', 'Awaiting Review']
assignees:
- lissy93
body:
# Location
- type: input
id: location
attributes:
label: Location
description: >-
Indicate which section (and if applicable sub-section) the amendment should be made
placeholder:
validations:
required: true
# Amendments description
- type: textarea
id: amendments
attributes:
label: Amendments
description: |
Please describe what amendments should be made.
If relating to content change, please also provide links to backup any information
placeholder:
validations:
required: true
# Can user submit PR
- type: dropdown
id: canImplement
attributes:
label: Would you like to submit a PR?
description: Is this amendment something that you are willing to submit a pull request for?
options:
- 'No'
- 'Maybe'
- 'Yes'
validations:
required: false
# Confirmation checkboxes
- type: checkboxes
id: idiot-check
attributes:
label: Please tick the boxes
options:
- label: To the best of my knowledge, the information I've provided is correct
required: true
- label: I have checked that a similar ticket has not previously been opened
required: true
- label: I agree to the repositories [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/master/.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)
required: true
================================================
FILE: .github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/removal.yml
================================================
name: Removal
description: ❌ Suggest something that should be removed from the list
title: '[REMOVAL] <title>'
labels: ['Suggested Removal', 'Awaiting Review']
assignees:
- lissy93
body:
# Location
- type: input
id: location
attributes:
label: What should be removed?
description: >-
Indicate which point, and from which section you are referring to
placeholder:
validations:
required: true
# Removal description
- type: textarea
id: removal
attributes:
label: Justification
description: |
Describe why this should be removed
Where applicable, provide links to reputable sources to back up any info
placeholder:
validations:
required: true
# Can user submit PR
- type: dropdown
id: canImplement
attributes:
label: Would you like to submit a PR?
description: Is this removal something that you are willing to submit a pull request for?
options:
- 'No'
- 'Maybe'
- 'Yes'
validations:
required: false
# Confirmation checkboxes
- type: checkboxes
id: idiot-check
attributes:
label: Please tick the boxes
options:
- label: To the best of my knowledge, the information I've provided is correct
required: true
- label: I have checked that a similar ticket has not previously been opened
required: true
- label: I agree to the repositories [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/master/.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)
required: true
================================================
FILE: .github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
================================================
<!--
Thank you for contributing the The Personal Security Checklist 🫶
So that your PR can be reviewed quickly, please complete the following sections:
-->
#### Category
<!-- Indicate the type of PR (delete as necessary) -->
Checklist addition or deletion / Spelling, grammatical or link updates / website code changes / other
#### Overview
<!-- Briefly outline your new changes -->
#### Issue Number _(if applicable)_
<!-- If this PR is related to an issue, please include ticket number. -->
#### Supporting Material _(if applicable)_
<!-- For any content changes, additions or deletions, please include links to relevant references or supported materials -->
#### Association _(if applicable)_
<!-- If you are affiliated with a product or service that relates to this PR, please disclose this for transparency -->
#### Checklist
<!-- Please complete the following checklist 😇 -->
- [ ] I have performed a self-review (valid links, formatting, spelling and grammar)
- [ ] I have indicated whether I have any affiliation with any software/ services edited
- [ ] I have read the [Contributing Guidelines](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md), and agree to follow the [Code of Conduct](/.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)
================================================
FILE: .github/README.md
================================================
<h1 align="center">Personal Security Checklist</h1>
<p align="center">
<b><i>The ultimate list of tips to secure your digital life</i></b>
<br />
<b>🌐 <a href="https://digital-defense.io/">digital-defense.io</a></b><br />
<br />
<a href="https://personal-security-checklist.as93.net"><img src="https://i.ibb.co/Rb6P6h6/shield.png" width="64" /><br /></a>
<br />
<kbd><br />👉 <a href="https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/HEAD/CHECKLIST.md"><b>Read the Checklist</b></a> 👈<br /><br /></kbd>
<br />
</p>
<details>
<summary><b>Contents</b></summary>
- [The Checklist](#the-checklist)
- [The Website](#the-website)
- [The API](#the-api)
- [Contributing](#contributing)
- [Credits](#credits)
- [License](#license)
</details>
---
## The Checklist
You can read the full checklist in [`CHECKLIST.md`](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/HEAD/CHECKLIST.md).<br>
<sub>To view/edit the raw data, see [`personal-security-checklist.yml`](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/master/personal-security-checklist.yml)</sub>
---
## The Website
The easiest method for consuming the checklist is via our website: **[digital-defense.io](https://digital-defense.io/)**
Here you can browse lists, filter by your threat model and tick items off once complete (plus, there are pretty charts to make you feel good about your progress ☺️).
<p align="center">
<img width="600" src="https://i.ibb.co/jzKn05H/digital-defense.png" />
</p>
### About
The source for the website is in [`web/`](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/HEAD/web).<br />
The site is built with Qwik, using TypeScript and some components from DaisyUI.
### Developing
To run the app locally, or to make code changes, you'll need Node and Git installed.
1. Grab the code: `git clone git@github.com:Lissy93/personal-security-checklist.git`
2. Navigate into the source: `cd personal-security-checklist/web`
3. Install dependencies: `yarn`
4. Start the development server: `yarn dev`
Alternatively, just open this repo in Code Spaces, where everything is already configured and ready to go.
### Deploying
To deploy the app, follow the developing steps above, then run `yarn build`, `yarn build.static`. You can then deploy it by copying the `dist/` directory to any CDN, web server or static hosting provider of your choice.
Alternatively, fork the repo and import it into your providers' dashboard. Or use the link below for an easy 1-click deployment 😉
---
## The API
We also make all the data available via a free API, which you can use however you wish.
### Usage
All endpoints are documented in our OpenAPI spec, you can view these and try them out via our [Swagger docs]().
Base: digital-defense.io/api
/api/checklists
/api/checklists/[name-or-index]
/api/checklists/[name]/[point-index]
/api/search/[searchterm]
## Contributing
All checklist data is stored in [`personal-security-checklist.yml`](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/HEAD/personal-security-checklist.yml). This is pulled in the website at build-time and referenced by the API, and is also dynamically inserted into the markdown [Checklist page](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/HEAD/CHECKLIST.md).
So if you only wish to make changes to the data, this is the only file you need to edit.
Important: When submitting your pull request, provide references backing up any information that you're adding/amending/removing.
For modifying the website or API source, see the developing sections above for instructions on running locally.
Before submitting an issue or PR, please ensure you've followed the [community guidelines](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md) and followed the [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/HEAD/.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).
---
## Credits
### Sponsors
### Contributors
### Stargzers
## Credits
Thank you to all who have contributed to, or sponsored this project!
### Sponsors
If you've found this repository helpful, consider sponsoring me on GitHub if you're able 💜
### Contributors
---
## License
> _**[Lissy93/Personal-Security-Checklist](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist)** is licensed under [MIT](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/HEAD/LICENSE) © [Alicia Sykes](https://aliciasykes.com) 2024._<br>
> <sup align="right">For information, see <a href="https://tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license">TLDR Legal > MIT</a></sup>
<details>
<summary>Expand License</summary>
```
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) Alicia Sykes <alicia@omg.com>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sub-license, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished
to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included install
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT ABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
```
</details>
<!-- License + Copyright -->
<p align="center">
<i>© <a href="https://aliciasykes.com">Alicia Sykes</a> 2024</i><br>
<i>Licensed under <a href="https://gist.github.com/Lissy93/143d2ee01ccc5c052a17">MIT</a></i><br>
<a href="https://github.com/lissy93"><img src="https://i.ibb.co/4KtpYxb/octocat-clean-mini.png" /></a><br>
<sup>Thanks for visiting :)</sup>
</p>
<!-- Dinosaurs are Awesome -->
<!--
. - ~ ~ ~ - .
.. _ .-~ ~-.
//| \ `..~ `.
|| | } } / \ \
(\ \\ \~^..' | } \
\`.-~ o / } | / \
(__ | / | / `.
`- - ~ ~ -._| /_ - ~ ~ ^| /- _ `.
| / | / ~-. ~- _
|_____| |_____| ~ - . _ _~_-_
-->
================================================
FILE: .github/workflows/insert-checklist.yml
================================================
name: ☑️ Generate and insert markdown from YAML
on:
workflow_dispatch:
push:
branches: [ master ]
paths: ['personal-security-checklist.yml']
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: Checkout repository 🛎️
uses: actions/checkout@v2
# Get current date-time (used for commit message)
- name: Get Date 📅
id: date
run: echo "::set-output name=date::$(date +'%d-%b-%Y')"
# Downloads + installs Python (used for running gen scripts)
- name: Set up Python 🐍
uses: actions/setup-python@v2
with:
python-version: '3.x'
# Install contents of requirements.txt
- name: Install dependencies 📥
run: |
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
cd lib && pip install -r requirements.txt
# The make command triggers all the Python scripts, generates output
- name: Run make command 🔨
run: python lib/generate.py
# Commit and push the outputed JSON files
- name: Commit and push generated files ⤴️
run: |
git config --global user.name "Liss-Bot"
git config --global user.email "alicia-gh-bot@mail.as93.net"
git pull origin master
git add CHECKLIST.md
if git diff --staged --quiet; then
echo "Nothin new added, so nothing to commit, exiting..."
else
git commit -m "Updates checklist (auto-generated, on ${{ steps.date.outputs.date }})"
git push
fi
================================================
FILE: .github/workflows/maintain-gh-pages.yml
================================================
name: 🐙 Update gh-pages site
on:
workflow_dispatch: # Manual dispatch
push:
branches: [ master ]
paths: ['CHECKLIST.md']
jobs:
update-readme:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: Checkout repository
uses: actions/checkout@v2
with:
fetch-depth: 0
- name: Configure git
run: |
git config --global user.email "liss-bot@d0h.co"
git config --global user.name "Liss.Bot"
- name: Copy CHECKLIST.md to gh-pages
run: |
# Fetch all branches
git fetch --all
# Switch to gh-pages branch
git checkout gh-pages
# Copy CHECKLIST from master branch
git checkout master -- CHECKLIST.md
# Move and rename CHECKLIST.md to the root
mv CHECKLIST.md README.md
# Check if there are changes, if so commit and push
if [ -n "$(git status --porcelain)" ]; then
git add README.md
git commit -m "Update README.md from master branch"
git push origin gh-pages
else
echo "No changes in README.md"
fi
================================================
FILE: .github/workflows/sync-mirror.yml
================================================
# Pushes the contents of the repo to the Codeberg mirror
name: 🪞 Mirror to Codeberg
on:
workflow_dispatch:
schedule:
- cron: '30 0 * * 0'
jobs:
codeberg:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
with: { fetch-depth: 0 }
- uses: pixta-dev/repository-mirroring-action@v1
with:
target_repo_url: git@codeberg.org:alicia/personal-security-checklist.git
ssh_private_key: ${{ secrets.CODEBERG_SSH }}
================================================
FILE: CHECKLIST.md
================================================
[](https://github.com/zbetcheckin/Security_list)
[](http://makeapullrequest.com)
[](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
[](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/graphs/contributors)
<p align="center"><img src="https://i.ibb.co/rGQK71g/personal-security-checklist-6.png" /></p>
*<p align="center">A curated checklist of tips to protect your digital security and privacy</p>*
### Contents
[<img src="https://i.ibb.co/XbyGTrP/1-authentication-2-36x36.png" width="28" height="28" /> Authentication](#authentication)<br>
[<img src="https://i.ibb.co/8KMrdbX/2-internet-36x36.png" width="28" height="28" /> Browsing the Web](#web-browsing)<br>
[<img src="https://i.ibb.co/7NrXW3L/5-email-36x36.png" width="28" height="28" /> Email](#emails)<br>
[<img src="https://i.ibb.co/DrWJBT9/13-messaging-36x36.png" width="28" height="28" /> Secure Messaging](#secure-messaging)<br>
[<img src="https://i.ibb.co/GFYyXMd/6-social-media-36x36.png" width="28" height="28" /> Social Media](#social-media)<br>
[<img src="https://i.ibb.co/0VTZQpH/3-networking-36x36.png" width="28" height="28" /> Networks](#networking)<br>
[<img src="https://i.ibb.co/F3WwqsV/7-phones-36x36.png" width="28" height="28" /> Mobile Phones](#mobile-devices)<br>
[<img src="https://i.ibb.co/ZftcgJq/8-computers-36x36.png" width="28" height="28" /> Personal Computers](#personal-computers)<br>
[<img src="https://i.ibb.co/b2S9372/9-smart-home-36x36.png" width="28" height="28" /> Smart Home](#smart-home)<br>
[<img src="https://i.ibb.co/4JTqL5y/12-finance-36x36.png" width="28" height="28" /> Personal Finance](#personal-finance)<br>
[<img src="https://i.ibb.co/KVPV1Lk/10-human-36x36.png" width="28" height="28" /> Human Aspect](#sensible-computing)<br>
[<img src="https://i.ibb.co/9NbhBww/11-physical-36x36.png" width="28" height="28" /> Physical Security](#physical-security)<br>
Too long? 🦒 See the [TLDR version](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/HEAD/articles/2_TLDR_Short_List.md) instead.
For a list of privacy-respecting software, check out [Awesome-Privacy](https://github.com/lissy93/awesome-privacy).
A mirror of this repo is available at [codeberg.org/alicia/personal-security-checklist](https://codeberg.org/alicia/personal-security-checklist).
---
<!-- checklist-start -->
## Authentication
Most reported data breaches are caused by the use of weak, default, or stolen passwords (according to [this Verizon report](http://www.verizonenterprise.com/resources/reports/rp_dbir-2016-executive-summary_xg_en.pdf)). Use long, strong, and unique passwords, manage them in a secure password manager, enable 2-factor authentication, keep on top of breaches, and take care while logging into your accounts.
**Security** | **Priority** | **Details and Hints**
--- | --- | ---
**Use a Strong Password** | Essential | If your password is too short, or contains dictionary words, places, or names, then it can be easily cracked through brute force or guessed by someone. The easiest way to make a strong password is by making it long (12+ characters) — consider using a 'passphrase' made up of many words. Alternatively, use a password generator to create a long, strong random password. Have a play with [Security.org's How Secure Is My Password?](https://security.org/how-secure-is-my-password/), to get an idea of how quickly common passwords can be cracked. Read more about creating strong passwords: [securityinabox.org](https://securityinabox.org/en/passwords/passwords/).
**Don't Reuse Passwords** | Essential | If someone were to reuse a password and one site they had an account with suffered a leak, then a criminal could easily gain unauthorized access to their other accounts. This is usually done through large-scale automated login requests, and it is called Credential Stuffing. Unfortunately, this is all too common, but it's simple to protect against — use a different password for each of your online accounts.
**Use a Secure Password Manager** | Essential | For most people, it is going to be near-impossible to remember hundreds of strong and unique passwords. A password manager is an application that generates, stores, and auto-fills your login credentials for you. All your passwords will be encrypted against 1 master password (which you must remember, and it should be very strong). Most password managers have browser extensions and mobile apps, so whatever device you are on, your passwords can be auto-filled. A good all-rounder is [Bitwarden](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/essentials/password-managers/bitwarden), or see [Recommended Password Managers](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/essentials/password-managers).
**Avoid Sharing Passwords** | Essential | While there may be times that you need to share access to an account with another person, you should generally avoid doing this because it makes it easier for the account to become compromised. If you absolutely do need to share a password — for example, when working on a team with a shared account — this should be done via features built into a password manager.
**Enable 2-Factor Authentication** | Essential | 2FA is where you must provide both something you know (a password) and something you have (such as a code on your phone) to log in. This means that if anyone has your password (e.g., through phishing, malware, or a data breach), they will not be able to log into your account. It's easy to get started, download [an authenticator app](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#2-factor-authentication) onto your phone, and then go to your account security settings and follow the steps to enable 2FA. Next time you log in on a new device, you will be prompted for the code that is displayed in the app on your phone (it works without internet, and the code usually changes every 30 seconds).
**Keep Backup Codes Safe** | Essential | When you enable multi-factor authentication, you will usually be given several codes that you can use if your 2FA method is lost, broken, or unavailable. Keep these codes somewhere safe to prevent loss or unauthorized access. You should store these on paper or in a safe place on disk (e.g., in offline storage or an encrypted file/drive). Don't store these in your password manager as 2FA sources and passwords should be kept separately.
**Sign Up for Breach Alerts** | Optional | After a website suffers a significant data breach, the leaked data often ends up on the internet. Several websites collect these leaked records and allow you to search your email address to check if you are in any of their lists. [Firefox Monitor](https://monitor.firefox.com), [Have I Been Pwned](https://haveibeenpwned.com), and [DeHashed](https://dehashed.com) allow you to sign up for monitoring, where they will notify you if your email address appears in any new data sets. It is useful to know as soon as possible when this happens so that you can change your passwords for the affected accounts. [Have i been pwned](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/security-tools/online-tools/have-i-been-pwned) also has domain-wide notification, where you can receive alerts if any email addresses under your entire domain appear (useful if you use aliases for [anonymous forwarding](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#anonymous-mail-forwarding)).
**Shield your Password/PIN** | Optional | When typing your password in public places, ensure you are not in direct line of sight of a CCTV camera and that no one can see over your shoulder. Cover your password or pin code while you type, and do not reveal any plain text passwords on your screen.
**Update Critical Passwords Periodically** | Optional | Database leaks and breaches are common, and, likely, several of your passwords are already somewhere online. Occasionally updating passwords of security-critical accounts can help mitigate this. But providing that all your passwords are long, strong, and unique, there is no need to do this too often — annually should be sufficient. Enforcing mandatory password changes within organisations is [no longer recommended](https://duo.com/decipher/microsoft-will-no-longer-recommend-forcing-periodic-password-changes), as it encourages colleagues to select weaker passwords.
**Don’t Save your Password in Browsers** | Optional | Most modern browsers offer to save your credentials when you log into a site. Don’t allow this, as they are not always encrypted and could allow someone to gain access to your accounts. Instead, use a dedicated password manager to store (and auto-fill) your passwords.
**Avoid Logging In on Someone Else’s Device** | Optional | Avoid logging in on other people's computers since you can't be sure their system is clean. Be especially cautious of public machines, as malware and tracking arr more common here. Using someone else's device is especially dangerous with critical accounts like online banking. When using someone else's machine, ensure that you're in a private/incognito session (Use Ctrl+Shift+N/ Cmd+Shift+N). This will request the browser to not save your credentials, cookies, and browsing history.
**Avoid Password Hints** | Optional | Some sites allow you to set password hints. Often, it is very easy to guess answers. In cases where password hints are mandatory, use random answers and record them in your password manager (`Name of the first school: 6D-02-8B-!a-E8-8F-81`).
**Never Answer Online Security Questions Truthfully** | Optional | If a site asks security questions (such as place of birth, mother's maiden name, or first car, etc.), don't provide real answers. It is a trivial task for hackers to find out this information online or through social engineering. Instead, create a fictitious answer, and store it inside your password manager. Using real words is better than random characters, as [explained here](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29244870).
**Don’t Use a 4-digit PIN** | Optional | Don’t use a short PIN to access your smartphone or computer. Instead, use a text password or a much longer PIN. Numeric passphrases are easy to crack (A 4-digit pin has 10,000 combinations, compared to 7.4 million for a 4-character alpha-numeric code).
**Avoid Using SMS for 2FA** | Optional | When enabling multi-factor authentication, opt for app-based codes or a hardware token if supported. SMS is susceptible to several common threats, such as [SIM-swapping](https://www.maketecheasier.com/sim-card-hijacking) and [interception](https://secure-voice.com/ss7_attacks). There's also no guarantee of how securely your phone number will be stored or what else it will be used for. From a practical point of view, SMS will only work when you have a signal and can be slow. If a website or service requires the usage of an SMS number for recovery, consider purchasing a second pre-paid phone number only used for account recovery for these instances.
**Avoid Using your PM to Generate OTPs** | Advanced | Many password managers are also able to generate 2FA codes. It is best not to use your primary password manager as your 2FA authenticator as well, since it would become a single point of failure if compromised. Instead, use a dedicated [authenticator app](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#2-factor-authentication) on your phone or laptop.
**Avoid Face Unlock** | Advanced | Most phones and laptops offer a facial recognition authentication feature, using the camera to compare a snapshot of your face with a stored hash. It may be very convenient, but there are numerous ways to [fool it](https://www.forbes.com/sites/jvchamary/2017/09/18/security-apple-face-id-iphone-x/) and gain access to the device through digital photos and reconstructions from CCTV footage. Unlike your password, there are likely photos of your face on the internet and videos recorded by surveillance cameras.
**Watch Out for Keyloggers** | Advanced | A hardware [keylogger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_keylogger) is a physical device planted between your keyboard and the USB port, which intercepts all keystrokes and sometimes relays data to a remote server. It gives a hacker access to everything typed, including passwords. The best way to stay protected is just by checking your USB connection after your PC has been unattended. It is also possible for keyloggers to be planted inside the keyboard housing, so look for any signs that the case has been tampered with, and consider bringing your own keyboard to work. Data typed on a virtual keyboard, pasted from the clipboard, or auto-filled by a password manager can not be intercepted by a hardware keylogger.
**Consider a Hardware Token** | Advanced | A U2F/FIDO2 security key is a USB (or NFC) device that you insert while logging in to an online service to verify your identity instead of entering a OTP from your authenticator. [SoloKey](https://solokeys.com) and [NitroKey](https://www.nitrokey.com) are examples of such keys. They bring with them several security benefits. Since the browser communicates directly with the device, it cannot be fooled as to which host is requesting
**Use Passkeys Where Available** | Recommended | Passkeys (also known as FIDO2 WebAuthn) are a passwordless authentication method that is more secure and convenient than traditional passwords. They use your devices biometric authentication (fingerprint, face ID) or a PIN to log in, and are resistant to phishing attacks. Many major services now support passkeys including Google, Apple, Microsoft, and GitHub. Consider enabling passkeys for accounts that offer them as an alternative to passwords or as an additional 2FA method. authentication because the TLS certificate is checked. [This post](https://security.stackexchange.com/a/71704) is a good explanation of the security of using FIDO U2F tokens. Of course, it is important to store the physical key somewhere safe or keep it on your person. Some online accounts allow for several methods of 2FA to be enabled.
**Consider Offline Password Manager** | Advanced | For increased security, an encrypted offline password manager will give you full control over your data. [KeePass](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/essentials/password-managers/keepass) is a popular choice, with lots of [plugins](https://[KeePass](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/essentials/password-managers/keepass).info/plugins.html) and community forks with additional compatibility and functionality. Popular clients include: [KeePassXC](https://keepassxc.org) (desktop), [KeePassDX](https://www.keepassdx.com) (Android) and [StrongBox](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/strongbox-password-safe/id897283731) (iOS). The drawback being that it may be slightly less convenient for some, and it will be up to you to back it up and store it securely.
**Consider Unique Usernames** | Advanced | Having different passwords for each account is a good first step, but if you also use a unique username, email, or phone number to log in, then it will be significantly harder for anyone trying to gain unauthorised access. The easiest method for multiple emails, is using auto-generated aliases for anonymous mail forwarding. This is where [anything]@yourdomain.com will arrive in your inbox, allowing you to use a different email for each account (see [Mail Alias Providers](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#mail-forwarding)). Usernames are easier since you can use your password manager to generate, store, and auto-fill these. Virtual phone numbers can be generated through your VOIP provider.
### Recommended Software
- [Password Managers](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/essentials/password-managers)
- [2-Factor Authentication](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/essentials/2-factor-authentication)
## Web Browsing
Most websites on the internet will use some form of tracking, often to gain insight into their users behaviour and preferences. This data can be incredibly detailed, and so is extremely valuable to corporations, governments and intellectual property thieves. Data breaches and leaks are common, and deanonymizing users web activity is often a trivial task.
There are two primary methods of tracking; stateful (cookie-based), and stateless (fingerprint-based). Cookies are small pieces of information, stored in your browser with a unique ID that is used to identify you. Browser fingerprinting is a highly accurate way to identify and track users wherever they go online. The information collected is quite comprehensive, and often includes browser details, OS, screen resolution, supported fonts, plugins, time zone, language and font preferences, and even hardware configurations.
This section outlines the steps you can take, to be better protected from threats, minimise online tracking and improve privacy.
**Security** | **Priority** | **Details and Hints**
--- | --- | ---
**Block Ads** | Essential | Using an ad-blocker can help improve your privacy, by blocking the trackers that ads implement. [uBlock Origin](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/networking/ad-blockers/ublock-origin) is a very efficient and open source browser addon, developed by Raymond Hill. When 3rd-party ads are displayed on a webpage, they have the ability to track you, gathering personal information about you and your habits, which can then be sold, or used to show you more targeted ads, and some ads are plain malicious or fake. Blocking ads also makes pages load faster, uses less data and provides a less cluttered experience.
**Ensure Website is Legitimate** | Basic | It may sound obvious, but when you logging into any online accounts, double check the URL is correct. Storing commonly visited sites in your bookmarks is a good way to ensure the URL is easy to find. When visiting new websites, look for common signs that it could be unsafe: Browser warnings, redirects, on-site spam and pop-ups. You can also check a website using a tool, such as: [Virus Total](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/security-tools/online-tools/virus-total), [IsLegitSite](https://www.islegitsite.com), [Google Safe Browsing Status](https://transparencyreport.google.com/safe-browsing/search) if you are unsure.
**Watch out for Browser Malware** | Basic | Your system or browser can be compromised by spyware, miners, browser hijackers, malicious redirects, adware etc. You can usually stay protected, just by: ignoring pop-ups, be wary of what your clicking, don't proceed to a website if your browser warns you it may be malicious. Common signs of browser malware include: default search engine or homepage has been modified, toolbars, unfamiliar extensions or icons, significantly more ads, errors and pages loading much slower than usual. These articles from Heimdal explain [signs of browser malware](https://heimdalsecurity.com/blog/warning-signs-operating-system-infected-malware), [how browsers get infected](https://heimdalsecurity.com/blog/practical-online-protection-where-malware-hides) and [how to remove browser malware](https://heimdalsecurity.com/blog/malware-removal).
**Use a Privacy-Respecting Browser** | Essential | [Firefox](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/essentials/browsers/firefox) (with a few tweaks) and [Brave](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/essentials/browsers/brave-browser) are secure, private-respecting browsers. Both are fast, open source, user-friendly and available on all major operating systems. Your browser has access to everything that you do online, so if possible, avoid Google Chrome, Edge and Safari as (without correct configuration) all three of them, collect usage data, call home and allow for invasive tracking. Firefox requires a few changes to achieve optimal security, for example - [arkenfox](https://github.com/arkenfox/user.js/wiki) or [12byte](https://12bytes.org/firefox-configuration-guide-for-privacy-freaks-and-performance-buffs/)'s user.js configs. See more: [Privacy Browsers](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#browsers).
**Use a Private Search Engine** | Essential | Using a privacy-preserving, non-tracking search engine, will reduce risk that your search terms are not logged, or used against you. Consider [DuckDuckGo](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/essentials/search-engines/duckduckgo), or [Qwant](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/essentials/search-engines/qwant). Google implements some [incredibly invasive](https://hackernoon.com/data-privacy-concerns-with-google-b946f2b7afea) tracking policies, and have a history of displaying [biased search results](https://www.businessinsider.com/evidence-that-google-search-results-are-biased-2014-10). Therefore Google, along with Bing, Baidu, Yahoo and Yandex are incompatible with anyone looking to protect their privacy. It is recommended to update your [browsers default search](https://duckduckgo.com/install) to a privacy-respecting search engine.
**Remove Unnecessary Browser Addons** | Essential | Extensions are able to see, log or modify anything you do in the browser, and some innocent looking browser apps, have malicious intentions. Websites can see which extensions you have installed, and may use this to enhance your fingerprint, to more accurately identify/ track you. Both [Firefox](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/essentials/browsers/firefox) and Chrome web stores allow you to check what permissions/access rights an extension requires before you install it. Check the reviews. Only install extensions you really need, and removed those which you haven't used in a while.
**Keep Browser Up-to-date** | Essential | Browser vulnerabilities are constantly being [discovered](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvekey.cgi?keyword=browser) and patched, so it’s important to keep it up to date, to avoid a zero-day exploit. You can [see which browser version you're using here](https://www.whatismybrowser.com/), or follow [this guide](https://www.whatismybrowser.com/guides/how-to-update-your-browser/) for instructions on how to update. Some browsers will auto-update to the latest stable version.
**Check for HTTPS** | Essential | If you enter information on a non-HTTPS website, this data is transported unencrypted and can therefore be read by anyone who intercepts it. Do not enter any data on a non-HTTPS website, but also do not let the green padlock give you a false sense of security, just because a website has SSL certificate, does not mean that it is legitimate or trustworthy. [HTTPS-Everywhere](https://www.eff.org/https-everywhere) (developed by the [EFF](https://www.eff.org/)) used to be a browser extension/addon that automatically enabled HTTPS on websites, but as of 2022 is now deprecated. In their [accouncement article](https://www.eff.org/) the EFF explains that most browsers now integrate such protections. Additionally, it provides instructions for [Firefox](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/essentials/browsers/firefox), Chrome, Edge and Safari browsers on how to enable their HTTPS secure protections.
**Use DNS-over-HTTPS** | Essential | Traditional DNS makes requests in plain text for everyone to see. It allows for eavesdropping and manipulation of DNS data through man-in-the-middle attacks. Whereas DNS-over-HTTPS performs DNS resolution via the HTTPS protocol, meaning data between you and your DNS resolver is encrypted. A popular option is [CloudFlare](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/networking/dns-providers/cloudflare)'s [1.1.1.1](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/security-tools/mobile-apps/1.1.1.1), or compare providers- it is simple to enable in-browser. Note that DoH comes with its own issues, mostly preventing web filtering.
**Multi-[Session](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/communication/encrypted-messaging/session) Containers** | Essential | Compartmentalisation is really important to keep different aspects of your browsing separate. For example, using different profiles for work, general browsing, social media, online shopping etc will reduce the number associations that data brokers can link back to you. One option is to make use of [Firefox Containers](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/security-tools/browser-extensions/firefox-multi-account-containers) which is designed exactly for this purpose. Alternatively, you could use different browsers for different tasks ([Brave](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/essentials/browsers/brave-browser), [Firefox](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/essentials/browsers/firefox), [Tor](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/networking/mix-networks/tor) etc).
**Use Incognito** | Essential | When using someone else's machine, ensure that you're in a private/ incognito session. This will prevent browser history, cookies and some data being saved, but is not fool-proof- you can still be tracked.
**Understand Your Browser Fingerprint** | Essential | Browser Fingerprinting is an incredibly accurate method of tracking, where a website identifies you based on your device information. You can view your fingerprint at amiunique.org- The aim is to be as un-unique as possible.
**Manage Cookies** | Essential | Clearing cookies regularly is one step you can take to help reduce websites from tracking you. Cookies may also store your session token, which if captured, would allow someone to access your accounts without credentials. To mitigate this you should clear cookies often.
**Block Third-Party Cookies** | Essential | Third-party cookies placed on your device by a website other than the one you’re visiting. This poses a privacy risk, as a 3rd entity can collect data from your current session. This guide explains how you can disable 3rd-party cookies, and you can check here ensure this worked.
**Block Third-Party Trackers** | Essential | Blocking trackers will help to stop websites, advertisers, analytics and more from tracking you in the background. [Privacy Badger](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/security-tools/browser-extensions/privacy-badger), [DuckDuckGo Privacy Essentials](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/security-tools/browser-extensions/privacy-essentials), [uBlock Origin](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/networking/ad-blockers/ublock-origin) and uMatrix (advanced) are all very effective, open source tracker-blockers available for all major browsers.
**Beware of Redirects** | Optional | While some redirects are harmless, others, such as Unvalidated redirects are used in phishing attacks, it can make a malicious link seem legitimate. If you are unsure about a redirect URL, you can check where it forwards to with a tool like RedirectDetective.
**Do Not Sign Into Your Browser** | Optional | Many browsers allow you to sign in, in order to sync history, bookmarks and other browsing data across devices. However this not only allows for further data collection, but also increases attack surface through providing another avenue for a malicious actor to get hold of personal information.
**Disallow Prediction Services** | Optional | Some browsers allow for prediction services, where you receive real-time search results or URL auto-fill. If this is enabled then data is sent to Google (or your default search engine) with every keypress, rather than when you hit enter.
**Avoid G Translate for Webpages** | Optional | When you visit a web page written in a foreign language, you may be prompted to install the Google Translate extension. Be aware that Google collects all data (including input fields), along with details of the current user. Instead use a translation service that is not linked to your browser.
**Disable Web Notifications** | Optional | Browser push notifications are a common method for criminals to encourage you to click their link, since it is easy to spoof the source. Be aware of this, and for instructions on disabling browser notifications, see this article.
**Disable Automatic Downloads** | Optional | Drive-by downloads is a common method of getting harmful files onto a users device. This can be mitigated by disabling auto file downloads, and be cautious of websites which prompt you to download files unexpectedly.
**Disallow Access to Sensors** | Optional | Mobile websites can tap into your device sensors without asking. If you grant these permissions to your browser once, then all websites are able to use these capabilities, without permission or notification.
**Disallow Location** | Optional | Location Services lets sites ask for your physical location to improve your experience. This should be disabled in settings. Note that there are still other methods of determining your approximate location.
**Disallow Camera/ Microphone access** | Optional | Check browser settings to ensure that no websites are granted access to webcam or microphone. It may also be beneficial to use physical protection such as a webcam cover and microphone blocker.
**Disable Browser Password Saves** | Optional | Do not allow your browser to store usernames and passwords. These can be easily viewed or accessed. Instead use a password manager.
**Disable Browser Autofill** | Optional | Turn off autofill for any confidential or personal details. This feature can be harmful if your browser is compromised in any way. Instead, consider using your password manager's Notes feature.
**Protect from Exfil Attack** | Optional | The CSS Exfiltrate attack is a method where credentials and other sensitive details can be snagged with just pure CSS. You can stay protected, with the [CSS Exfil Protection](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/security-tools/browser-extensions/css-exfil-protection) plugin.
**Deactivate ActiveX** | Optional | ActiveX is a browser extension API that built into Microsoft IE, and enabled by default. It's not commonly used anymore, but since it gives plugins intimate access rights, and can be dangerous, therefore you should disable it.
**Disable WebRTC** | Optional | WebRTC allows high-quality audio/video communication and peer-to-peer file-sharing straight from the browser. However it can pose as a privacy leak. To learn more, check out this guide.
**Spoof HTML5 Canvas Sig** | Optional | Canvas Fingerprinting allows websites to identify and track users very accurately. You can use the Canvas-Fingerprint-Blocker extension to spoof your fingerprint or use [Tor](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/networking/mix-networks/tor).
**Spoof User Agent** | Optional | The user agent tells the website what device, browser and version you are using. Switching user agent periodically is one small step you can take to become less unique.
**Disregard DNT** | Optional | Enabling Do Not Track has very limited impact, since many websites do not respect or follow this. Since it is rarely used, it may also add to your signature, making you more unique.
**Prevent HSTS Tracking** | Optional | HSTS was designed to help secure websites, but privacy concerns have been raised as it allowed site operators to plant super-cookies. It can be disabled by visiting chrome://net-internals/#hsts in Chromium-based browsers.
**Prevent Automatic Browser Connections** | Optional | Even when you are not using your browser, it may call home to report on usage activity, analytics and diagnostics. You may wish to disable some of this, which can be done through the settings.
**Enable 1st-Party Isolation** | Optional | [First Party Isolation](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/security-tools/browser-extensions/first-party-isolation) means that all identifier sources and browser state are scoped using the URL bar domain, this can greatly reduce tracking.
**Strip Tracking Params from URLs** | Advanced | Websites often append additional GET parameters to URLs that you click, to identify information like source/referrer. You can sanitize manually, or use an extension like [ClearURLs](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/security-tools/browser-extensions/clearurls) to strip tracking data from URLs automatically.
**First Launch Security** | Advanced | After installing a web browser, the first time you launch it (prior to configuring its privacy settings), most browsers will call home. Therefore, after installing a browser, you should first disable your internet connection, then configure privacy options before reenabling your internet connectivity.
**Use The Tor Browser** | Advanced | The [Tor](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/networking/mix-networks/tor) Project provides a browser that encrypts and routes your traffic through multiple nodes, keeping users safe from interception and tracking. The main drawbacks are speed and user experience.
**Disable JavaScript** | Advanced | Many modern web apps are JavaScript-based, so disabling it will greatly decrease your browsing experience. But if you really want to go all out, then it will really reduce your attack surface.
### Recommended Software
- [Privacy Browsers](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#browsers)
- [Browser Extensions](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#browser-extensions)
- [Browser & Bookmark Sync](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#browser-sync)
## Email
Nearly 50 years since the first email was sent, it's still very much a big part of our day-to-day life, and will continue to be for the near future. So considering how much trust we put in them, it's surprising how fundamentally insecure this infrastructure is. Email-related fraud [is on the up](https://www.csoonline.com/article/3247670/email/email-security-in-2018.html), and without taking basic measures you could be at risk.
If a hacker gets access to your emails, it provides a gateway for your other accounts to be compromised (through password resets), therefore email security is paramount for your digital safety.
The big companies providing "free" email service, don't have a good reputation for respecting users privacy: Gmail was caught giving [third parties full access](https://www.wsj.com/articles/techs-dirty-secret-the-app-developers-sifting-through-your-gmail-1530544442) to user emails and also [tracking all of your purchases](https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/17/google-gmail-tracks-purchase-history-how-to-delete-it.html). Yahoo was also caught scanning emails in real-time [for US surveillance agencies](http://news.trust.org/item/20161004170601-99f8c) Advertisers [were granted access](https://thenextweb.com/insider/2018/08/29/both-yahoo-and-aol-are-scanning-customer-emails-to-attract-advertisers) to Yahoo and AOL users messages to “identify and segment potential customers by picking up on contextual buying signals, and past purchases.”
**Security** | **Priority** | **Details and Hints**
--- | --- | ---
**Have more than one email address** | Essential | Consider using a different email address for security-critical communications from trivial mail such as newsletters. This compartmentalization could reduce the amount of damage caused by a data breach, and also make it easier to recover a compromised account.
**Keep Email Address Private** | Essential | Do not share your primary email publicly, as mail addresses are often the starting point for most phishing attacks.
**Keep your Account Secure** | Essential | Use a long and unique password, enable 2FA and be careful while logging in. Your email account provides an easy entry point to all your other online accounts for an attacker.
**Disable Automatic Loading of Remote Content** | Essential | Email messages can contain remote content such as images or stylesheets, often automatically loaded from the server. You should disable this, as it exposes your IP address and device information, and is often used for tracking. For more info, see [this article](https://www.theverge.com/2019/7/3/20680903/email-pixel-trackers-how-to-stop-images-automatic-download).
**Use Plaintext** | Optional | There are two main types of emails on the internet: plaintext and HTML. The former is strongly preferred for privacy & security as HTML messages often include identifiers in links and inline images, which can collect usage and personal data. There's also numerous risks of remote code execution targeting the HTML parser of your mail client, which cannot be exploited if you are using plaintext. For more info, as well as setup instructions for your mail provider, see [UsePlaintext.email](https://useplaintext.email/).
**Don’t connect third-party apps to your email account** | Optional | If you give a third-party app or plug-in full access to your inbox, they effectively have full unhindered access to all your emails and their contents, which poses significant security and privacy risks.
**Don't Share Sensitive Data via Email** | Optional | Emails are very easily intercepted. Furthermore, you can’t be sure of how secure your recipient's environment is. Therefore, emails cannot be considered safe for exchanging confidential information, unless it is encrypted.
**Consider Switching to a Secure Mail Provider** | Optional | Secure and reputable email providers such as [Forward Email](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/communication/encrypted-email/forward-email), [ProtonMail](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/communication/mail-forwarding/protonmail), and [Tutanota](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/communication/encrypted-email/tuta) allow for end-to-end encryption, full privacy as well as more security-focused features. Unlike typical email providers, your mailbox cannot be read by anyone but you, since all messages are encrypted.
**Use Smart Key** | Advanced | OpenPGP does not support Forward secrecy, which means if either your or the recipient's private key is ever stolen, all previous messages encrypted with it will be exposed. Therefore, you should take great care to keep your private keys safe. One method of doing so, is to use a USB Smart Key to sign or decrypt messages, allowing you to do so without your private key leaving the USB device.
**Use Aliasing / Anonymous Forwarding** | Advanced | Email aliasing allows messages to be sent to [anything]@my-domain.com and still land in your primary inbox. Effectively allowing you to use a different, unique email address for each service you sign up for. This means if you start receiving spam, you can block that alias and determine which company leaked your email address.
**Subaddressing** | Optional | An alternative to aliasing is subaddressing, where anything after the `+` symbol is omitted during mail delivery. This enables you to keep track of who shared/ leaked your email address, but unlike aliasing, it will not protect against your real address being revealed.
**Use a Custom Domain** | Advanced | Using a custom domain means that you are not dependent on the address assigned by your mail provider. So you can easily switch providers in the future and do not need to worry about a service being discontinued.
**Sync with a client for backup** | Advanced | To avoid losing temporary or permanent access to your emails during an unplanned event (such as an outage or account lock), Thunderbird can sync/ backup messages from multiple accounts via IMAP and store locally on your primary device.
**Be Careful with Mail Signatures** | Advanced | You do not know how secure of an email environment the recipient of your message may have. There are several extensions that automatically crawl messages, and create a detailed database of contact information based upon email signatures.
**Be Careful with Auto-Replies** | Advanced | Out-of-office automatic replies are very useful for informing people there will be a delay in replying, but all too often people reveal too much information- which can be used in social engineering and targeted attacks.
**Choose the Right Mail Protocol** | Advanced | Do not use outdated protocols (below IMAPv4 or POPv3), both have known vulnerabilities and out-dated security.
**Self-Hosting** | Advanced | Self-hosting your own mail server is not recommended for non-advanced users, since correctly securing it is critical yet requires strong networking knowledge.
**Always use TLS Ports** | Advanced | There are SSL options for POP3, IMAP, and SMTP as standard TCP/IP ports. They are easy to use, and widely supported so should always be used instead of plaintext email ports.
**DNS Availability** | Advanced | For self-hosted mail servers, to prevent DNS problems impacting availability- use at least 2 MX records, with secondary and tertiary MX records for redundancy when the primary MX record fails.
**Prevent DDoS and Brute Force Attacks** | Advanced | For self-hosted mail servers (specifically SMTP), limit your total number of simultaneous connections, and maximum connection rate to reduce the impact of attempted bot attacks.
**Maintain IP Blacklist** | Advanced | For self-hosted mail servers, you can improve spam filters and harden security, through maintaining an up-to-date local IP blacklist and a spam URI realtime block lists to filter out malicious hyperlinks.
### Recommended Software
- [Secure Email Providers](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#encrypted-email)
- [Mail Forwarding](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#anonymous-mail-forwarding)
- [Pre-Configured Mail Servers](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#pre-configured-mail-servers)
- [Email Clients](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#email-clients)
## Messaging
**Security** | **Priority** | **Details and Hints**
--- | --- | ---
**Only Use Fully End-to-End Encrypted Messengers** | Essential | End-to-end encryption is a system of communication where messages are encrypted on your device and not decrypted until they reach the intended recipient. This ensures that any actor who intercepts traffic cannot read the message contents, nor can anybody with access to the central servers where data is stored.
**Use only Open Source Messaging Platforms** | Essential | If code is open source then it can be independently examined and audited by anyone qualified to do so, to ensure that there are no backdoors, vulnerabilities, or other security issues.
**Use a "Trustworthy" Messaging Platform** | Essential | When selecting an encrypted messaging app, ensure it's fully open source, stable, actively maintained, and ideally backed by reputable developers.
**Check Security Settings** | Essential | Enable security settings, including contact verification, security notifications, and encryption. Disable optional non-security features such as read receipt, last online, and typing notification.
**Ensure your Recipients Environment is Secure** | Essential | Your conversation can only be as secure as the weakest link. Often the easiest way to infiltrate a communications channel is to target the individual or node with the least protection.
**Disable Cloud Services** | Essential | Some mobile messaging apps offer a web or desktop companion. This not only increases attack surface but it has been linked to several critical security issues, and should therefore be avoided, if possible.
**Secure Group Chats** | Essential | The risk of compromise rises exponentially, the more participants are in a group, as the attack surface increases. Periodically check that all participants are legitimate.
**Create a Safe Environment for Communication** | Essential | There are several stages where your digital communications could be monitored or intercepted. This includes: your or your participants' device, your ISP, national gateway or government logging, the messaging provider, the servers.
**Agree on a Communication Plan** | Optional | In certain situations, it may be worth making a communication plan. This should include primary and backup methods of securely getting in hold with each other.
**Strip Meta-Data from Media** | Optional | Metadata is "Data about Data" or additional information attached to a file or transaction. When you send a photo, audio recording, video, or document you may be revealing more than you intended to.
**Defang URLs** | Optional | Sending links via various services can unintentionally expose your personal information. This is because, when a thumbnail or preview is generated- it happens on the client-side.
**Verify your Recipient** | Optional | Always ensure you are talking to the intended recipient, and that they have not been compromised. One method for doing so is to use an app which supports contact verification.
**Enable Ephemeral Messages** | Optional | Self-destructing messages is a feature that causes your messages to automatically delete after a set amount of time. This means that if your device is lost, stolen, or seized, an adversary will only have access to the most recent communications.
**Avoid SMS** | Optional | SMS may be convenient, but it's not secure. It is susceptible to threats such as interception, sim swapping, manipulation, and malware.
**Watch out for Trackers** | Optional | Be wary of messaging applications with trackers, as the detailed usage statistics they collect are often very invasive, and can sometimes reveal your identity as well as personal information that you would otherwise not intend to share.
**Consider Jurisdiction** | Advanced | The jurisdictions where the organisation is based, and data is hosted should also be taken into account.
**Use an Anonymous Platform** | Advanced | If you believe you may be targeted, you should opt for an anonymous messaging platform that does not require a phone number, or any other personally identifiable information to sign up or use.
**Ensure Forward Secrecy is Supported** | Advanced | Opt for a platform that implements forward secrecy. This is where your app generates a new encryption key for every message.
**Consider a Decentralized Platform** | Advanced | If all data flows through a central provider, you have to trust them with your data and meta-data. You cannot verify that the system running is authentic without back doors.
### Recommended Software
- [Secure Messaging Apps](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#encrypted-messaging)
- [P2P Messaging Platforms](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#p2p-messaging)
## Social Media
Online communities have existed since the invention of the internet, and give people around the world the opportunity to connect, communicate and share. Although these networks are a great way to promote social interaction and bring people together, that have a dark side - there are some serious [Privacy Concerns with Social Networking Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_concerns_with_social_networking_services), and these social networking sites are owned by private corporations, and that they make their money by collecting data about individuals and selling that data on, often to third party advertisers.
Secure your account, lock down your privacy settings, but know that even after doing so, all data intentionally and non-intentionally uploaded is effectively public. If possible, avoid using conventional social media networks.
**Security** | **Priority** | **Details and Hints**
--- | --- | ---
**Secure your Account** | Essential | Social media profiles get stolen or taken over all too often. To protect your account: use a unique and strong password, and enable 2-factor authentication.
**Check Privacy Settings** | Essential | Most social networks allow you to control your privacy settings. Ensure that you are comfortable with what data you are currently exposing and to whom.
**Think of All Interactions as Public** | Essential | There are still numerous methods of viewing a users 'private' content across many social networks. Therefore, before uploading, posting or commenting on anything, think "Would I mind if this was totally public?"
**Think of All Interactions as Permanent** | Essential | Pretty much every post, comment, photo etc is being continuously backed up by a myriad of third-party services, who archive this data and make it indexable and publicly available almost forever.
**Don't Reveal too Much** | Essential | Profile information creates a goldmine of info for hackers, the kind of data that helps them personalize phishing scams. Avoid sharing too much detail (DoB, Hometown, School etc).
**Be Careful what you Upload** | Essential | Status updates, comments, check-ins and media can unintentionally reveal a lot more than you intended them to. This is especially relevant to photos and videos, which may show things in the background.
**Don't Share Email or Phone Number** | Essential | Posting your real email address or mobile number, gives hackers, trolls and spammers more munition to use against you, and can also allow separate aliases, profiles or data points to be connected.
**Don't Grant Unnecessary Permissions** | Essential | By default many of the popular social networking apps will ask for permission to access your contacts, call log, location, messaging history etc. If they don’t need this access, don’t grant it.
**Be Careful of 3rd-Party Integrations** | Essential | Avoid signing up for accounts using a Social Network login, revoke access to social apps you no longer use.
**Avoid Publishing Geo Data while still Onsite** | Essential | If you plan to share any content that reveals a location, then wait until you have left that place. This is particularly important when you are taking a trip, at a restaurant, campus, hotel/resort, public building or airport.
**Remove metadata before uploading media** | Optional | Most smartphones and some cameras automatically attach a comprehensive set of additional data (called EXIF data) to each photograph. Remove this data before uploading.
**Implement Image Cloaking** | Advanced | Tools like Fawkes can be used to very subtly, slightly change the structure of faces within photos in a way that is imperceptible by humans, but will prevent facial recognition systems from being able to recognize a given face.
**Consider Spoofing GPS in home vicinity** | Advanced | Even if you yourself never use social media, there is always going to be others who are not as careful, and could reveal your location.
**Consider False Information** | Advanced | If you just want to read, and do not intend on posting too much- consider using an alias name, and false contact details.
**Don’t have any social media accounts** | Advanced | Social media is fundamentally un-private, so for maximum online security and privacy, avoid using any mainstream social networks.
### Recommended Software
- [Alternative Social Media](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#social-networks)
- [Alternative Video Platforms](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#video-platforms)
- [Alternative Blogging Platforms](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#blogging-platforms)
- [News Readers and Aggregation](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#news-readers-and-aggregation)
## Networks
This section covers how you connect your devices to the internet securely, including configuring your router and setting up a VPN.
**Security** | **Priority** | **Details and Hints**
--- | --- | ---
**Use a VPN** | Essential | Use a reputable, paid-for VPN. This can help protect sites you visit from logging your real IP, reduce the amount of data your ISP can collect, and increase protection on public WiFi.
**Change your Router Password** | Essential | After getting a new router, change the password. Default router passwords are publicly available, meaning anyone within proximity would be able to connect.
**Use WPA2, and a strong password** | Essential | There are different authentication protocols for connecting to WiFi. Currently, the most secure options are WPA2 and WPA3 (on newer routers).
**Keep router firmware up-to-date** | Essential | Manufacturers release firmware updates that fix security vulnerabilities, implement new standards, and sometimes add features or improve the performance of your router.
**Implement a Network-Wide VPN** | Optional | If you configure your VPN on your router, firewall, or home server, then traffic from all devices will be encrypted and routed through it, without needing individual VPN apps.
**Protect against DNS leaks** | Optional | When using a VPN, it is extremely important to exclusively use the DNS server of your VPN provider or secure service.
**Use a secure VPN Protocol** | Optional | OpenVPN and WireGuard are open source, lightweight, and secure tunneling protocols. Avoid using PPTP or SSTP.
**Secure DNS** | Optional | Use DNS-over-HTTPS which performs DNS resolution via the HTTPS protocol, encrypting data between you and your DNS resolver.
**Avoid the free router from your ISP** | Optional | Typically they’re manufactured cheaply in bulk in China, with insecure propriety firmware that doesn't receive regular security updates.
**Whitelist MAC Addresses** | Optional | You can whitelist MAC addresses in your router settings, disallowing any unknown devices to immediately connect to your network, even if they know your credentials.
**Change the Router’s Local IP Address** | Optional | It is possible for a malicious script in your web browser to exploit a cross-site scripting vulnerability, accessing known-vulnerable routers at their local IP address and tampering with them.
**Don't Reveal Personal Info in SSID** | Optional | You should update your network name, choosing an SSID that does not identify you, include your flat number/address, and does not specify the device brand/model.
**Opt-Out Router Listings** | Optional | WiFi SSIDs are scanned, logged, and then published on various websites, which is a serious privacy concern for some.
**Hide your SSID** | Optional | Your router's Service Set Identifier is simply the network name. If it is not visible, it may receive less abuse.
**Disable WPS** | Optional | Wi-Fi Protected Setup provides an easier method to connect, without entering a long WiFi password, but WPS introduces a series of major security issues.
**Disable UPnP** | Optional | Universal Plug and Play allows applications to automatically forward a port on your router, but it has a long history of serious security issues.
**Use a Guest Network for Guests** | Optional | Do not grant access to your primary WiFi network to visitors, as it enables them to interact with other devices on the network.
**Change your Router's Default IP** | Optional | Modifying your router admin panel's default IP address will make it more difficult for malicious scripts targeting local IP addresses.
**Kill unused processes and services on your router** | Optional | Services like Telnet and SSH that provide command-line access to devices should never be exposed to the internet and should also be disabled on the local network unless they're actually needed.
**Don't have Open Ports** | Optional | Close any open ports on your router that are not needed. Open ports provide an easy entrance for hackers.
**Disable Unused Remote Access Protocols** | Optional | When protocols such as PING, Telnet, SSH, UPnP, and HNAP etc are enabled, they allow your router to be probed from anywhere in the world.
**Disable Cloud-Based Management** | Optional | You should treat your router's admin panel with the utmost care, as considerable damage can be caused if an attacker is able to gain access.
**Manage Range Correctly** | Optional | It's common to want to pump your router's range to the max, but if you reside in a smaller flat, your attack surface is increased when your WiFi network can be picked up across the street.
**Route all traffic through [Tor](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/networking/mix-networks/tor)** | Advanced | VPNs have their weaknesses. For increased security, route all your internet traffic through the [Tor](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/networking/mix-networks/tor) network.
**Disable WiFi on all Devices** | Advanced | Connecting to even a secure WiFi network increases your attack surface. Disabling your home WiFi and connect each device via Ethernet.
### Recommended Software
- [Virtual Private Networks](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#virtual-private-networks)
- [Mix Networks](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#mix-networks)
- [Router Firmware](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#router-firmware)
- [Open Source Proxies](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#proxies)
- [DNS Providers](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#dns)
- [Firewalls](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#firewalls)
- [Network Analysis Tools](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#network-analysis)
- [Self-Hosted Network Security Tools](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#self-hosted-network-security)
## Mobile Devices
Smart phones have revolutionized so many aspects of life and brought the world to our fingertips. For many of us, smart phones are our primary means of communication, entertainment and access to knowledge. But while they've brought convenience to whole new level, there's some ugly things going on behind the screen.
Geo-tracking is used to trace our every move, and we have little control over who has this data- your phone is even able to [track your location without GPS](https://gizmodo.com/how-to-track-a-cellphone-without-gps-or-consent-1821125371). Over the years numerous reports that surfaced, outlining ways in which your phone's [mic can eavesdrop](https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/smartphone-apps-listening-privacy-alphonso-shazam-advertising-pool-3d-honey-quest-a8139451.html), and the [camera can watch you](https://www.businessinsider.com/hackers-governments-smartphone-iphone-camera-wikileaks-cybersecurity-hack-privacy-webcam-2017-6)- all without your knowledge or consent. And then there's the malicious apps, lack of security patches and potential/ likely backdoors.
Using a smart phone generates a lot of data about you- from information you intentionally share, to data silently generated from your actions. It can be scary to see what Google, Microsoft, Apple and Facebook know about us- sometimes they know more than our closest family. It's hard to comprehend what your data will reveal, especially in conjunction with other data.
This data is used for [far more than just advertising](https://internethealthreport.org/2018/the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-sides-of-data-tracking/) - more often it's used to rate people for finance, insurance and employment. Targeted ads can even be used for fine-grained surveillance (see [ADINT](https://adint.cs.washington.edu))
More of us are concerned about how [governments use collect and use our smart phone data](https://www.statista.com/statistics/373916/global-opinion-online-monitoring-government/), and rightly so, federal agencies often [request our data from Google](https://www.statista.com/statistics/273501/global-data-requests-from-google-by-federal-agencies-and-governments/), [Facebook](https://www.statista.com/statistics/287845/global-data-requests-from-facebook-by-federal-agencies-and-governments/), Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, and other tech companies. Sometimes requests are made in bulk, returning detailed information on everybody within a certain geo-fence, [often for innocent people](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/04/13/us/google-location-tracking-police.html). And this doesn't include all of the internet traffic that intelligence agencies around the world have unhindered access to.
**Security** | **Priority** | **Details and Hints**
--- | --- | ---
**Encrypt your Device** | Essential | In order to keep your data safe from physical access, use file encryption. This will mean if your device is lost or stolen, no one will have access to your data.
**Turn off connectivity features that aren’t being used** | Essential | When you're not using WiFi, Bluetooth, NFC etc, turn those features off. There are several common threats that utilise these features.
**Keep app count to a minimum** | Essential | Uninstall apps that you don’t need or use regularly. As apps often run in the background, slowing your device down, but also collecting data.
**App Permissions** | Essential | Don’t grant apps permissions that they don’t need. For Android, [Bouncer](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/security-tools/mobile-apps/bouncer) is an app that allows you to grant temporary/ 1-off permissions.
**Only install Apps from official source** | Essential | Applications on Apple App Store and Google Play Store are scanned and cryptographically signed, making them less likely to be malicious.
**Be Careful of Phone Charging Threats** | Optional | Juice Jacking is when hackers use public charging stations to install malware on your smartphone or tablet through a compromised USB port.
**Set up a mobile carrier PIN** | Essential | SIM hijacking is when a hacker is able to get your mobile number transferred to their sim. The easiest way to protect against this is to set up a PIN through your mobile provider.
**Opt-out of Caller ID Listings** | Optional | To keep your details private, you can unlist your number from caller ID apps like TrueCaller, CallApp, SyncMe, and Hiya.
**Use Offline Maps** | Optional | Consider using an offline maps app, such as OsmAnd or Organic Maps, to reduce data leaks from map apps.
**Opt-out of personalized ads** | Optional | You can slightly reduce the amount of data collected by opting-out of seeing personalized ads.
**Erase after too many login attempts** | Optional | To protect against an attacker brute forcing your pin, set your device to erase after too many failed login attempts.
**Monitor Trackers** | Optional | [εxodus](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/security-tools/online-tools/εxodus) is a great service which lets you search for any app and see which trackers are embedded in it.
**Use a Mobile Firewall** | Optional | To prevent applications from leaking privacy-sensitive data, you can install a firewall app.
**Reduce Background Activity** | Optional | For Android, SuperFreeze makes it possible to entirely freeze all background activities on a per-app basis.
**Sandbox Mobile Apps** | Optional | Prevent permission-hungry apps from accessing your private data with [Island](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/security-tools/mobile-apps/island), a sandbox environment.
**Tor Traffic** | Advanced | [Orbot](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/security-tools/mobile-apps/orbot) provides a system-wide Tor connection, which will help protect you from surveillance and public WiFi threats.
**Avoid Custom Virtual Keyboards** | Optional | It is recommended to stick with your device's stock keyboard. If you choose to use a third-party keyboard app, ensure it is reputable.
**Restart Device Regularly** | Optional | Restarting your phone at least once a week will clear the app state cached in memory and may run more smoothly after a restart.
**Avoid SMS** | Optional | SMS should not be used to receive 2FA codes or for communication, instead use an encrypted messaging app, such as [Signal](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/communication/encrypted-messaging/signal).
**Keep your Number Private** | Optional | [MySudo](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/finance/virtual-credit-cards/mysudo) allows you to create and use virtual phone numbers for different people or groups. This is great for compartmentalisation.
**Watch out for Stalkerware** | Optional | Stalkerware is malware that is installed directly onto your device by someone you know. The best way to get rid of it is through a factory reset.
**Favor the Browser, over Dedicated App** | Optional | Where possible, consider using a secure browser to access sites, rather than installing dedicated applications.
**Consider running a custom ROM (Android)** | Advanced | If you're concerned about your device manufacturer collecting too much personal information, consider a privacy-focused custom ROM.
### Recommended Software
- [Mobile Apps, for Security + Privacy](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#mobile-apps)
- [Encrypted Messaging](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#encrypted-messaging)
- [Mobile Operation Systems](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#mobile-operating-systems)
## Personal Computers
Although Windows and OS X are easy to use and convenient, they both are far from secure. Your OS provides the interface between hardware and your applications, so if compromised can have detrimental effects.
**Security** | **Priority** | **Details and Hints**
--- | --- | ---
**Keep your System up-to-date** | Essential | System updates contain fixes/patches for security issues, improve performance, and sometimes add new features. Install new updates when prompted.
**Encrypt your Device** | Essential | Use BitLocker for Windows, FileVault on MacOS, or LUKS on Linux, to enable full disk encryption. This prevents unauthorized access if your computer is lost or stolen.
**Backup Important Data** | Essential | Maintaining encrypted backups prevents loss due to ransomware, theft, or damage. Consider using [Cryptomator](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/security-tools/mobile-apps/cryptomator) for cloud files or [VeraCrypt](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/essentials/file-encryption/veracrypt) for USB drives.
**Be Careful Plugging USB Devices into your Computer** | Essential | USB devices can pose serious threats. Consider making a USB sanitizer with CIRCLean to safely check USB devices.
**Activate Screen-Lock when Idle** | Essential | Lock your computer when away and set it to require a password on resume from screensaver or sleep to prevent unauthorized access.
**Disable Cortana or Siri** | Essential | Voice-controlled assistants can have privacy implications due to data sent back for processing. Disable or limit their listening capabilities.
**Review your Installed Apps** | Essential | Keep installed applications to a minimum to reduce exposure to vulnerabilities and regularly clear application caches.
**Manage Permissions** | Essential | Control which apps have access to your location, camera, microphone, contacts, and other sensitive information.
**Disallow Usage Data from being sent to the Cloud** | Essential | Limit the amount of usage information or feedback sent to the cloud to protect your privacy.
**Avoid Quick Unlock** | Essential | Use a strong password instead of biometrics or short PINs for unlocking your computer to enhance security.
**Power Off Computer, instead of Standby** | Essential | Shut down your device when not in use, especially if your disk is encrypted, to keep data secure.
**Don't link your PC with your Microsoft or Apple Account** | Optional | Use a local account only to prevent data syncing and exposure. Avoid using sync services that compromise privacy.
**Check which Sharing Services are Enabled** | Optional | Disable network sharing features you are not using to close gateways to common threats.
**Don't use Root/Admin Account for Non-Admin Tasks** | Optional | Use an unprivileged user account for daily tasks and only elevate permissions for administrative changes to mitigate vulnerabilities.
**Block Webcam + Microphone** | Optional | Cover your webcam when not in use and consider blocking unauthorized audio recording to protect privacy.
**Use a Privacy Filter** | Optional | Use a screen privacy filter in public spaces to prevent shoulder surfing and protect sensitive information.
**Physically Secure Device** | Optional | Use a Kensington Lock to secure your laptop in public spaces and consider port locks to prevent unauthorized physical access.
**Don't Charge Devices from your PC** | Optional | Use a power bank or AC wall charger instead of your PC to avoid security risks associated with USB connections.
**Randomize your hardware address on Wi-Fi** | Optional | Modify or randomize your MAC address to protect against tracking across different WiFi networks.
**Use a Firewall** | Optional | Install a firewall app to monitor and block unwanted internet access by certain applications, protecting against remote access attacks and privacy breaches.
**Protect Against Software Keyloggers** | Optional | Use key stroke encryption tools to protect against software keyloggers recording your keystrokes.
**Check Keyboard Connection** | Optional | Be vigilant for hardware keyloggers when using public or unfamiliar computers by checking keyboard connections.
**Prevent Keystroke Injection Attacks** | Optional | Lock your PC when away and consider using USBGuard or similar tools to protect against keystroke injection attacks.
**Don't use commercial "Free" Anti-Virus** | Optional | Rely on built-in security tools and avoid free anti-virus applications due to their potential for privacy invasion and data collection.
**Periodically check for Rootkits** | Advanced | Regularly check for rootkits to detect and mitigate full system control threats using tools like [chkrootkit](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/operating-systems/linux-defenses/chkrootkit).
**BIOS Boot Password** | Advanced | Enable a BIOS or UEFI password to add an additional security layer during boot-up, though be aware of its limitations.
**Use a Security-Focused Operating System** | Advanced | Consider switching to Linux or a security-focused distro like QubeOS or [Tails](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/operating-systems/desktop-operating-systems/tails) for enhanced privacy and security.
**Make Use of VMs** | Advanced | Use virtual machines for risky activities or testing suspicious software to isolate potential threats from your primary system.
**Compartmentalize** | Advanced | Isolate different programs and data sources from one another as much as possible to limit the extent of potential breaches.
**Disable Undesired Features (Windows)** | Advanced | Disable unnecessary Windows "features" and services that run in the background to reduce data collection and resource use.
**Secure Boot** | Advanced | Ensure that Secure Boot is enabled to prevent malware from replacing your boot loader and other critical software.
**Secure SSH Access** | Advanced | Take steps to protect SSH access from attacks by changing the default port, using SSH keys, and configuring firewalls.
**Close Un-used Open Ports** | Advanced | Turn off services listening on external ports that are not needed to protect against remote exploits and improve security.
**Implement Mandatory Access Control** | Advanced | Restrict privileged access to limit the damage that can be done if a system is compromised.
**Use Canary Tokens** | Advanced | Deploy canary tokens to detect unauthorized access to your files or emails faster and gather information about the intruder.
### Recommended Software
- [Secure Operating Systems](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#desktop-operating-systems)
- [Linux Defenses](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#linux-defences)
- [Windows Defenses](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#windows-defences)
- [Mac OS Defenses](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#mac-os-defences)
- [Anti-Malware](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#anti-malware)
- [Firewalls](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#firewalls-1)
- [File Encryption](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#file-encryption)
## Smart Home
Home assistants (such as Google Home, Alexa and Siri) and other internet connected devices collect large amounts of personal data (including voice samples, location data, home details and logs of all interactions). Since you have limited control on what is being collected, how it's stored, and what it will be used for, this makes it hard to recommend any consumer smart-home products to anyone who cares about privacy and security.
Security vs Privacy: There are many smart devices on the market that claim to increase the security of your home while being easy and convenient to use (Such as Smart Burglar Alarms, Internet Security Cameras, Smart Locks and Remote access Doorbells to name a few). These devices may appear to make security easier, but there is a trade-off in terms of privacy: as they collect large amounts of personal data, and leave you without control over how this is stored or used. The security of these devices is also questionable, since many of them can be (and are being) hacked, allowing an intruder to bypass detection with minimum effort.
The most privacy-respecting option, would be to not use "smart" internet-connected devices in your home, and not to rely on a security device that requires an internet connection. But if you do, it is important to fully understand the risks of any given product, before buying it. Then adjust settings to increase privacy and security. The following checklist will help mitigate the risks associated with internet-connected home devices.
**Security** | **Priority** | **Details and Hints**
--- | --- | ---
**Rename devices to not specify brand/model** | Essential | Change default device names to something generic to prevent targeted attacks by obscuring brand or model information.
**Disable microphone and camera when not in use** | Essential | Use hardware switches to turn off microphones and cameras on smart devices to protect against accidental recordings or targeted access.
**Understand what data is collected, stored and transmitted** | Essential | Research and ensure comfort with the data handling practices of smart home devices before purchase, avoiding devices that share data with third parties.
**Set privacy settings, and opt out of sharing data with third parties** | Essential | Adjust app settings for strictest privacy controls and opt-out of data sharing with third parties wherever possible.
**Don't link your smart home devices to your real identity** | Essential | Use anonymous usernames and passwords, avoiding sign-up/log-in via social media or other third-party services to maintain privacy.
**Keep firmware up-to-date** | Essential | Regularly update smart device firmware to apply security patches and enhancements.
**Protect your Network** | Essential | Secure your home WiFi and network to prevent unauthorized access to smart devices.
**Be wary of wearables** | Optional | Consider the extensive data collection capabilities of wearable devices and their implications for privacy.
**Don't connect your home's critical infrastructure to the Internet** | Optional | Evaluate the risks of internet-connected thermostats, alarms, and detectors due to potential remote access by hackers.
**Mitigate Alexa/ Google Home Risks** | Optional | Consider privacy-focused alternatives like [Mycroft](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/smart-home-and-iot/voice-assistants/mycroft) or use Project Alias to prevent idle listening by voice-activated assistants.
**Monitor your home network closely** | Optional | Use tools like FingBox or router features to monitor for unusual network activity.
**Deny Internet access where possible** | Advanced | Use firewalls to block internet access for devices that don't need it, limiting operation to local network use.
**Assess risks** | Advanced | Consider the privacy implications for all household members and adjust device settings for security and privacy, such as disabling devices at certain times.
### Recommended Software
- [Home Automation](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#home-automation)
- [AI Voice Assistants](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#ai-voice-assistants)
## Personal Finance
Credit card fraud is the most common form of identity theft (with [133,015 reports in the US in 2017 alone](https://www.experian.com/blogs/ask-experian/identity-theft-statistics/)), and a total loss of $905 million, which was a 26% increase from the previous year. The with a median amount lost per person was $429 in 2017. It's more important than ever to take basic steps to protect yourself from falling victim
Note about credit cards: Credit cards have technological methods in place to detect and stop some fraudulent transactions. Major payment processors implement this, by mining huge amounts of data from their card holders, in order to know a great deal about each persons spending habits. This data is used to identify fraud, but is also sold onto other data brokers. Credit cards are therefore good for security, but terrible for data privacy.
**Security** | **Priority** | **Details and Hints**
--- | --- | ---
**Sign up for Fraud Alerts and Credit Monitoring** | Essential | Enable fraud alerts and credit monitoring through Experian, TransUnion, or Equifax to be alerted of suspicious activity.
**Apply a Credit Freeze** | Essential | Prevent unauthorized credit inquiries by freezing your credit through Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax.
**Use Virtual Cards** | Optional | Utilize virtual card numbers for online transactions to protect your real banking details. Services like [Privacy.com](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/finance/virtual-credit-cards/privacy.com) and [MySudo](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/finance/virtual-credit-cards/mysudo) offer such features.
**Use Cash for Local Transactions** | Optional | Pay with [Cash](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/finance/other-payment-methods/cash) for local and everyday purchases to avoid financial profiling by institutions.
**Use Cryptocurrency for Online Transactions** | Optional | Opt for privacy-focused cryptocurrencies like [Monero](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/finance/cryptocurrencies/monero) for online transactions to maintain anonymity. Use cryptocurrencies wisely to ensure privacy.
**Store Crypto Securely** | Advanced | Securely store cryptocurrencies using offline wallet generation, hardware wallets like [Trezor](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/finance/crypto-wallets/trezor) or [ColdCard](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/finance/crypto-wallets/coldcard), or consider long-term storage solutions like [CryptoSteel](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/finance/crypto-wallets/cryptosteel).
**Buy Crypto Anonymously** | Advanced | Purchase cryptocurrencies without linking to your identity through services like [LocalBitcoins](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/finance/crypto-exchanges/localbitcoins), [Bisq](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/finance/crypto-exchanges/bisq), or Bitcoin ATMs.
**Tumble/ Mix Coins** | Advanced | Use a bitcoin mixer or CoinJoin before converting Bitcoin to currency to obscure transaction trails.
**Use an Alias Details for Online Shopping** | Advanced | For online purchases, consider using alias details, forwarding email addresses, VOIP numbers, and secure delivery methods to protect your identity.
**Use alternate delivery address** | Advanced | Opt for deliveries to non-personal addresses such as PO Boxes, forwarding addresses, or local pickup locations to avoid linking purchases directly to you.
### Recommended Software
- [Virtual Credit Cards](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#virtual-credit-cards)
- [Cryptocurrencies](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#cryptocurrencies)
- [Crypto Wallets](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#crypto-wallets)
- [Crypto Exchanges](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#crypto-exchanges)
- [Other Payment Methods](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#other-payment-methods)
- [Budgeting Tools](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#budgeting-tools)
## Human Aspect
Many data breaches, hacks and attacks are caused by human error. The following list contains steps you should take, to reduce the risk of this happening to you. Many of them are common sense, but it's worth takin note of.
**Security** | **Priority** | **Details and Hints**
--- | --- | ---
**Verify Recipients** | Essential | Emails can be easily spoofed. Verify the sender's authenticity, especially for sensitive actions, and prefer entering URLs manually rather than clicking links in emails.
**Don't Trust Your Popup Notifications** | Essential | Fake pop-ups can be deployed by malicious actors. Always check the URL before entering any information on a popup.
**Never Leave Device Unattended** | Essential | Unattended devices can be compromised even with strong passwords. Use encryption and remote erase features like Find My Phone for lost devices.
**Prevent Camfecting** | Essential | Protect against camfecting by using webcam covers and microphone blockers. Mute home assistants when not in use or discussing sensitive matters.
**Stay protected from shoulder surfers** | Essential | Use privacy screens on laptops and mobiles to prevent others from reading your screen in public spaces.
**Educate yourself about phishing attacks** | Essential | Be cautious of phishing attempts. Verify URLs, context of received messages, and employ good security practices like using 2FA and not reusing passwords.
**Watch out for Stalkerware** | Essential | Be aware of stalkerware installed by acquaintances for spying. Look out for signs like unusual battery usage and perform factory resets if suspected.
**Install Reputable Software from Trusted Sources** | Essential | Only download software from legitimate sources and check files with tools like [Virus Total](https://awesome-privacy.xyz/security-tools/online-tools/virus-total) before installation.
**Store personal data securely** | Essential | Ensure all personal data on devices or in the cloud is encrypted to protect against unauthorized access.
**Obscure Personal Details from Documents** | Essential | When sharing documents, obscure personal details with opaque rectangles to prevent information leakage.
**Do not assume a site is secure, just because it is `HTTPS`** | Essential | HTTPS does not guarantee a website's legitimacy. Verify URLs and exercise caution with personal data.
**Use Virtual Cards when paying online** | Optional | Use virtual cards for online payments to protect your banking details and limit transaction risks.
**Review application permissions** | Optional | Regularly review and manage app permissions to ensure no unnecessary access to sensitive device features.
**Opt-out of public lists** | Optional | Remove yourself from public databases and marketing lists to reduce unwanted contacts and potential risks.
**Never Provide Additional PII When Opting-Out** | Optional | Do not provide additional personal information when opting out of data services to avoid further data collection.
**Opt-out of data sharing** | Optional | Many apps and services default to data sharing settings. Opt out to protect your data from being shared with third parties.
**Review and update social media privacy** | Optional | Regularly check and update your social media settings due to frequent terms updates that may affect your privacy settings.
**Compartmentalize** | Advanced | Keep different areas of digital activity separate to limit data exposure in case of a breach.
**WhoIs Privacy Guard** | Advanced | Use WhoIs Privacy Guard for domain registrations to protect your personal information from public searches.
**Use a forwarding address** | Advanced | Use a PO Box or forwarding address for mail to prevent companies from knowing your real address, adding a layer of privacy protection.
**Use anonymous payment methods** | Advanced | Opt for anonymous payment methods like cryptocurrencies to avoid entering identifiable information online.
## Physical Security
Public records often include sensitive personal data (full name, date of birth, phone number, email, address, ethnicity etc), and are gathered from a range of sources (census records, birth/ death/ marriage certificates, voter registrants, marketing information, customer databases, motor vehicle records, professional/ business licenses and all court files in full detail). This sensitive personal information is [easy and legal to access](https://www.consumerreports.org/consumerist/its-creepy-but-not-illegal-for-this-website-to-provide-all-your-public-info-to-anyone/), which raises some [serious privacy concerns](https://privacyrights.org/resources/public-records-internet-privacy-dilemma) (identity theft, personal safety risks/ stalkers, destruction of reputations, dossier society)
CCTV is one of the major ways that the corporations, individuals and the government tracks your movements. In London, UK the average person is caught on camera about 500 times per day. This network is continuing to grow, and in many cities around the world, facial recognition is being rolled out, meaning the state can know the identity of residents on the footage in real-time.
Strong authentication, encrypted devices, patched software and anonymous web browsing may be of little use if someone is able to physically compromise you, your devices and your data. This section outlines some basic methods for physical security
**Security** | **Priority** | **Details and Hints**
--- | --- | ---
**Destroy Sensitive Documents** | Essential | Shred or redact sensitive documents before disposal to protect against
identity theft and maintain confidentiality.
**Opt-Out of Public Records** | Essential | Contact people search websites to opt-out from listings that show persona
information, using guides like Michael Bazzell's Personal Data Removal Workbook.
**Watermark Documents** | Essential | Add a watermark with the recipient's name and date to digital copies of
personal documents to trace the source of a breach.
**Don't Reveal Info on Inbound Calls** | Essential | Only share personal data on calls you initiate and verify the recipient's phone number.
**Stay Alert** | Essential | Be aware of your surroundings and assess potential risks in new environments.
**Secure Perimeter** | Essential | Ensure physical security of locations storing personal info devices, minimizing external access and using intrusion detection systems.
**Physically Secure Devices** | Essential | Use physical security measures like Kensington locks, webcam covers, and privacy screens for devices.
**Keep Devices Out of Direct Sight** | Essential | Prevent devices from being visible from outside to mitigate risks from lasers and theft.
**Protect your PIN** | Essential | Shield your PIN entry from onlookers and cameras, and clean touchscreens after use.
**Check for Skimmers** | Essential | Inspect ATMs and public devices for skimming devices and tampering signs before use.
**Protect your Home Address** | Optional | Use alternative locations, forwarding addresses, and anonymous payment methods to protect your home address.
**Use a PIN, Not Biometrics** | Advanced | Prefer PINs over biometrics for device security in situations where legal coercion to unlock devices may occur.
**Reduce exposure to CCTV** | Advanced | Wear disguises and choose routes with fewer cameras to avoid surveillance.
**Anti-Facial Recognition Clothing** | Advanced | Wear clothing with patterns that trick facial-recognition technology.
**Reduce Night Vision Exposure** | Advanced | Use IR light sources or reflective glasses to obstruct night vision cameras.
**Protect your DNA** | Advanced | Avoid sharing DNA with heritage websites and be cautious about leaving DNA traces.
<!-- checklist-end -->
----
#### There's an interactive version!
- [Digital Defense](https://digital-defense.io) - View details, check items of, and track your progress
#### Other Awesome Security Lists
- @sbilly/[awesome-security](https://github.com/sbilly/awesome-security)
- @0x4D31/[awesome-threat-detection](https://github.com/0x4D31/awesome-threat-detection)
- @hslatman/[awesome-threat-intelligence](https://github.com/hslatman/awesome-threat-intelligence)
- @PaulSec/[awesome-sec-talks](https://github.com/PaulSec/awesome-sec-talks)
- @Lissy93/[awesome-privacy](https://github.com/lissy93/awesime-privacy)
- @Zbetcheckin/[security_list](https://github.com/zbetcheckin/Security_list)
- Michael Horowitz / [defensivecomputingchecklist.com](https://defensivecomputingchecklist.com/)
[See More](/4_Privacy_And_Security_Links.md#other-github-security-lists)
----
## Notes
*Thanks for visiting, hope you found something useful here :) Contributions are welcome, and much appreciated - to propose an edit [raise an issue](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/issues/new/choose), or [open a PR](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/pull/new/master). See: [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md).*
*Disclaimer: This is not an exhaustive list, and aims only to be taken as guide.*
*Licensed under [Creative Commons, CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), © [Alicia Sykes](https://aliciasykes.com) 2020*
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================================================
FILE: articles/0_Why_It_Matters.md
================================================
# Digital Privacy and Security - Why is Matters
**TLDR;** Privacy is a fundamental right, and essential to democracy, liberty, and freedom of speech. Our privacy is being abused by governments (with mass-surveillance), corporations (profiting from selling personal data), and cyber criminals (stealing our poorly-secured personal data and using it against us). Security is needed in order to keep your private data private, and good digital security is critical to stay protected from the growing risks associated with the war on data.
----
## What is Personal Data?
Personal data is any information that relates to an identified or identifiable living individual. Even data that has been de-identified or anonymized can often still be used to re-identify a person, especially when combined with a secondary data set.
This could be sensitive documents (such as medical records, bank statements, card numbers, etc), or user-generated content (messages, emails, photos, search history, home CCTV, etc) or apparently trivial metadata (such as mouse clicks, typing patterns, time spent on each web page, etc)
## How is Data Collected?
One of the most common data collection methods is web tracking. This is when websites use cookies, device fingerprints, and other methods to identify you, and follow you around the web. It is often done for advertising, analytics, and personalization. When aggregated together, this data can paint a very detailed picture of who you are.
## How is Data Stored?
Data that has been collected is typically stored in databases on a server. These servers are rarely owned by the companies managing them, [56% of servers](https://www.canalys.com/newsroom/global-cloud-market-Q3-2019) are owned by Amazon AWS, Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure. If stored correctly the data will be encrypted, and authentication required to gain access. However that usually isn't the case, and large data leaks [occur almost daily](https://selfkey.org/data-breaches-in-2019/). As well as that data breaches occur, when an adversary compromises a database storing personal data. In fact, you've probably already been caught up in a data breach (check your email, at [have i been pwned](https://haveibeenpwned.com))
## What is Personal Data Used For?
Data is collected, stored and used by governments, law enforcement, corporations and sometimes criminals:
### Government Mass Surveillance
Intelligence and law enforcement agencies need surveillance powers to tackle serious crime and terrorism. However, since the Snowden revelations, we now know that this surveillance is not targeted at those suspected of wrongdoing - but instead the entire population. All our digital interactions are being logged and tracked by our very own governments.
Mass surveillance is a means of control and suppression, it takes away our inerrant freedoms and breeds conformity. When we know we are being watched, we subconsciously change our behavior. A society of surveillance is just one step away from a society of submission.
### Corporations
On the internet the value of data is high. Companies all want to know exactly who you are and what you are doing. They collect data, store it, use it and sometimes sell it onwards.
Everything that each of us does online leaves a trail of data. These traces make up a goldmine of information full of insights into people on a personal level as well as a valuable read on larger cultural, economic and political trends. Tech giants (such as Google, Facebook, Apple, Amazon, and Microsoft) are leveraging this, building billion-dollar businesses out of the data that our interactions with digital devices create. We, as users have no guarantees that what is being collected is being stored securely, we often have no way to know for sure that it is deleted when we request so, and we don't have access to what their AI systems have infered from our data.
Our computers, phones, wearables, digital assistants and IoT have been turned into tracking bugs that are plugged into a vast corporate-owned surveillance network. Where we go, what we do, what we talk about, who we talk to, and who we see – everything is recorded and, at some point, leveraged for value. They know us intimately, even the things that we hide from those closest to us. In our modern internet ecosystem, this kind of private surveillance is the norm.
### Cybercriminals
Hackers and cybercriminals pose an ongoing and constantly evolving threat. With the ever-increasing amount of our personal data being collected and logged - we are more vulnerable to data breaches and identity fraud than ever before.
In the same way, criminals will go to great lengths to use your data against you: either through holding it ransom, impersonating you, stealing money or just building up a profile on you and selling it on, to another criminal entity.
---
## Why Data Privacy Matters
#### Data Privacy and Freedom of Speech
Privacy is a fundamental right, and you shouldn't need to prove the necessity of fundamental right to anyone. As Edward Snowden said, "Arguing that you don't care about the right to privacy because you have nothing to hide is no different than saying you don't care about free speech because you have nothing to say". There are many scenarios in which privacy is crucial and desirable like intimate conversations, medical procedures, and voting. When we know we are being watched, our behavior changes, which in turn suppresses things like free speech.
#### Data Can Have Control Over You
Knowledge is power; Knowledge about you is power over you. Your information will be used to anticipate your actions and manipulate the way you shop, vote, and think. When you know you are being watched, you subconsciously change your behavior. Mass surveillance is an effective means of fostering compliance with social norms or with social orthodoxy. Without privacy, you might be afraid of being judged by others, even if you're not doing anything wrong. It can be a heavy burden constantly having to wonder how everything we do will be perceived by others.
#### Data Can Be Used Against You
Your personal information and private communications can be "cherry-picked" to paint a certain one-sided picture. It can make you look like a bad person, or criminal, even if you are not. Data often results in people not being judged fairly - standards differ between cultures, organisations, and generations. Since data records are permanent, behavior that is deemed acceptable today, may be held against you tomorrow. Further to this, even things we don't think are worth hiding today, may later be used against us in unexpected ways.
#### Data Collection Has No Respect For Boundaries
Data collection has no respect for social boundaries, you may wish to prevent some people (such as employers, family or former partners) from knowing certain things about you. Once you share personal data, even with a party you trust, it is then out of your control forever, and at risk of being hacked, leaked or sold. An attack on our privacy, also hurts the privacy of those we communicate with.
#### Data Discriminates
When different pieces of your data is aggregated together, it can create a very complete picture of who you are. This data profile, is being used to influence decisions made about you: from insurance premiums, job prospects, bank loan eligibility and license decisions. It can determine whether we are investigated by the government, searched at the airport, or blocked from certain services. Even what content you see on the internet is affected by our personal data. This typically has a bigger impact on minority groups, who are unfairly judged the most. Without having the ability to know or control what, how, why and when our data is being used, we lose a level of control. One of the hallmarks of freedom is having autonomy and control over our lives, and we can’t have that if so many important decisions about us are being made in the dark, without our awareness or participation.
#### The "I Have Nothing to Hide" Argument
Privacy isn’t about hiding information; privacy is about protecting information, and everyone has information that they’d like to protect. Even with nothing to hide, you still put blinds on your window, locks on your door, and passwords on your email account.- Nobody would want their search history, bank statements, photos, notes or messages to be publicly available to the world.
#### Data Privacy needs to be for Everyone
For online privacy to be effective, it needs to be adopted my the masses, and not just the few. By exercising your right to privacy, you make it easier for others, such as activists and journalists, to do so without sticking out.
----
## So What Should we Do?
- Educate yourself about what's going on and why it matters
- Be aware of changes to policies, revelations, recent data breaches and related news
- Take steps to secure your online accounts and protect your devices
- Understand how to communicate privately, and how use the internet anonymously
- Use software and services that respect your privacy, and keep your data safe
- Support organisations that fight for your privacy and internet freedom
- Find a way to make your voice heard, and stand up for what you believe in
----
## Further Links
- [Ultimate Personal Security Checklist](/README.md)
- [Privacy-Respecting Software](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy)
- [Privacy & Security Gadgets](/6_Privacy_and-Security_Gadgets.md)
- [Further Links + More Awesome Stuff](/4_Privacy_And_Security_Links.md)
----
#### Notes
*Thanks for visiting, hope you found something useful here :) Contributions are welcome, and much appreciated - to propose an edit [raise an issue](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/issues/new/choose), or [open a PR](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/pull/new/master). See: [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md).*
*I owe a lot of thanks others who've conducted research, written papers, developed software all in the interest of privacy and security. Full attributions and references found in [`ATTRIBUTIONS.md`](/ATTRIBUTIONS.md).*
*Licensed under [Creative Commons, CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), © [Alicia Sykes](https://aliciasykes.com) 2020*
[](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/master/LICENSE.md)
----
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================================================
FILE: articles/2_TLDR_Short_List.md
================================================
# Personal Cyber Security | TLDR [](https://awesome.re) [](http://makeapullrequest.com) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)[](/ATTRIBUTIONS.md#contributors-)
#### Contents
- [Personal Security Checklist](#personal-security-checklist)
- [Privacy-focused Software](#open-source-privacy-focused-software)
- [Security Hardware](#security-hardware)
## PERSONAL SECURITY CHECKLIST
> This checklist of privacy and security tips, is a summarized version of [The Complete Personal Security Checklist](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/master/README.md). It lays out the most essential steps you should take to protect your digital life.
### Authentication
- Use a long, strong and unique password for each of your accounts (see [HowSecureIsMyPassword.net](https://howsecureismypassword.net))
- Use a secure [password manager](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#password-managers), to encrypt, store and fill credentials, such as [BitWarden](https://bitwarden.com) or [KeePass](https://keepass.info) / [KeePassXC](https://keepassxc.org)
- Enable 2-Factor authentication where available, and use an [authenticator app](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#2-factor-authentication) or [hardware token](/6_Privacy_and-Security_Gadgets.md#fido-u2f-keys)
- When you enable multi-factor authentication, you will usually be given several codes that you can use if your 2FA method is lost, broken or unavailable. You should store these on paper or in a safe place on disk (e.g. in offline storage or as in an encrypted file/drive).
- Sign up for breach alerts (with [Firefox Monitor](https://monitor.firefox.com) or [HaveIBeenPwned](https://haveibeenpwned.com)), and update passwords of compromised accounts
### Browsing
- Use a Privacy-Respecting Browser, [Brave](https://brave.com) and [Firefox](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/exp/firefox/new) are good options. Set your default search to a non-tracking engine, such as [DuckDuckGo](https://duckduckgo.com)
- Do not enter any information on a non-HTTPS website (look for the lock icon). Firefox, Chrome, Edge and Safari now have integrated HTTPS security features; if you do not know if it's enabled, check out this [guide](https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2021/09/https-actually-everywhere) to learn where to look.
- Block invasive 3rd-party trackers and ads using an extension like [Privacy Badger](https://privacybadger.org) or [uBlock](https://github.com/gorhill/uBlock)
- Keep your browser up-to-date, explore the privacy settings and remove unnecessary add-ons/ extensions
- Consider using compartmentalization to separate different areas of your browsing (such as work, social, shopping etc), in order to reduce tracking. This can be done with [Firefox Containers](https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/containers), or by using separate browsers or browser profiles
- Don't allow your browser to save your passwords or auto-fill personal details (instead use a [password manager](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#password-managers), and [disable your browsers own auto-fill](https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001377.htm))
- Clear your cookies, session data and cache regularly. An extension such as [Cookie-Auto-Delete](https://github.com/Cookie-AutoDelete/Cookie-AutoDelete) can be used to automate this
- Don't sign into your browser, as it can link further data to your identity. If you need to, you can use an open source [bookmark sync](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#browser-sync) app
- Consider using [Decentraleyes](https://decentraleyes.org) to decrease the number of trackable CDN requests your device makes
- Test your browser using a tool like [Panopticlick](https://panopticlick.eff.org) to ensure there are no major issues. [BrowserLeaks](https://browserleaks.com) and [Am I Unique](https://amiunique.org/fp) are also useful for exploring what device info you are exposing to websites
- For anonymous browsing use [The Tor Browser](https://www.torproject.org/), and avoid logging into any of your personal accounts
### Phone
- Set a device PIN, ideally use a long passcode. If supported, configure fingerprint authentication, but avoid face unlock
- Encrypt your device, in order to keep your data safe from physical access. To enable, for Android: `Settings --> Security --> Encryption`, or for iOS: `Settings --> TouchID & Passcode --> Data Protection`
- Keep device up-to-date. System updates often contain patches for recently-discovered security vulnerabilities. You should install updates when prompted
- Review application permissions. Don't grant access permissions to apps that do not need it. (For Android, see also [Bouncer](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.samruston.permission&hl=en_US) - an app that allows you to grant temporary permissions)
- Disable connectivity features that aren't being used, and 'forget' WiFi networks that you no longer need
- Disable location tracking. By default, both Android and iOS logs your GPS location history. You can disable this, for Android: `Maps --> Settings --> Location History`, and iOS: `Settings --> Privacy --> Location Services --> System Services --> Places`. Be aware that third-party apps may still log your position, and that there are other methods of determining your location other than GPS (Cell tower, WiFi, Bluetooth etc)
- Use an application firewall to block internet connectivity for apps that shouldn't need it. Such as [NetGuard](https://www.netguard.me/) (Android) or [Lockdown](https://apps.apple.com/in/app/lockdown-apps/id1469783711) (iOS)
- Understand that apps contain trackers that collect, store and sometimes share your data. For Android, you could use [Exodus](https://exodus-privacy.eu.org/en/page/what/) to reveal which trackers your installed apps are using.
### Email
It's important to protect your email account, as if a hacker gains access to it they will be able to pose as you, and reset the passwords for your other online accounts. One of the biggest threats to digital security is still phishing, and it can sometimes be incredibly convincing, so remain vigilant, and understand [how to spot malicious emails](https://heimdalsecurity.com/blog/abcs-detecting-preventing-phishing), and avoid publicly sharing your email address
- Use a long, strong and unique password and enable 2FA
- Consider switching to a secure and encrypted mail provider using, such as [ProtonMail](https://protonmail.com) or [Tutanota](https://tutanota.com)
- Use email aliasing to protect your real mail address, with a provider such as [Anonaddy](https://anonaddy.com) or [SimpleLogin](https://simplelogin.io/?slref=bridsqrgvrnavso). This allows you to keep your real address private, yet still have all messages land in your primary inbox
- Disable automatic loading of remote content, as it is often used for detailed tracking but can also be malicious
- Using a custom domain, will mean you will not lose access to your email address if your current provider disappears. If you need to back up messages, use a secure IMAP client [Thunderbird](https://www.thunderbird.net)
### Secure Messaging
- Use a [secure messaging app](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#encrypted-messaging) that is both fully open source and end-to-end encrypted with perfect forward secrecy (e.g. [Signal](https://www.signal.org/))
- Ensure that both your device, and that of your recipient(s) is secure (free from malware, encrypted and has a strong password)
- Disable cloud services, such as web app companion or cloud backup feature, both of which increases attack surface
- Strip meta data from media before sharing, as this can lead to unintentionally revealing more data than you intended
- Verify your recipient is who they claim to be, either physically or cryptographically by using an app that offers contact verification
- Avoid SMS, but if you must use it then encrypt your messages, e.g. using the [Silence](https://silence.im/) app
- Opt for a stable and actively maintained messaging platform, that is backed by reputable developers and have a transparent revenue model or are able to account for where funding has originated from. It should ideally be based in a friendly jurisdiction and have undergone an independent security audit.
- In some situations, it may be appropriate to use an app that supports disappearing messages, and/ or allows for anonymous sign up (without any PII: phone number, email address etc). A [decentralized platform](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#p2p-messaging) can offer additional security and privacy benefits in some circumstances, as there is no single entity governing it, e.g. [Matrix](https://matrix.org/), [Session](https://getsession.org/), [Tox](https://tox.chat/) or [Briar](https://briarproject.org/)
### Networking
- Use a reputable VPN to keep your IP protected and reduce the amount of browsing data your ISP can log, but understand their [limitations](5_Privacy_Respecting_Software.md#word-of-warning-4). Good options include [ProtonVPN](https://protonvpn.com) and [Mullvad](https://mullvad.net), see [thatoneprivacysite.net](https://thatoneprivacysite.net/) for detailed comparisons
- Change your routers default password. Anyone connected to your WiFi is able to listen to network traffic, so in order to prevent people you don't know from connecting, use WPA2 and set a strong password.
- Use a [secure DNS](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy#dns) provider, (such as [Cloudflare's 1.1.1.1](https://1.1.1.1/dns/)) to reduce tracking. Ideally configure this on your router, but if that's not possible, then it can be done on each device.
**📜 See More**: [The Complete Personal Security Checklist](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/master/README.md)
----
## OPEN-SOURCE, PRIVACY-FOCUSED SOFTWARE
Switch to alternative open-source, privacy-respecting apps and services, which won't collect your data, track you or show targetted ads.
#### Security
- Password Managers: [BitWarden] | [1Password] *(proprietary)* | [KeePassXC] *(offline)* | [LessPass] *(stateless)*
- 2-Factor Authentication: [Aegis] *(Android)* | [Authenticator] *(iOS)* | [AndOTP] *(Android)*
- File Encryption: [VeraCrypt] | [Cryptomator] *(for cloud)*
- Encrypted Messaging: [Signal] | [KeyBase] *(for groups/ communities)*
- Encrypted Email: [ProtonMail] | [MailFence] | [Tutanota] | (+ also [33Mail] | [anonaddy] for aliasing)
- Private Browsers: [Brave Browser] | [Firefox] *with [some tweaks](https://restoreprivacy.com/firefox-privacy/)* | [Tor]
- Non-Tracking Search Engines: [DuckDuckGo] | [StartPage] | [SearX] *(self-hosted)* | [Qwant]
- VPN: [Mullvad] | [ProtonVPN] | [Windscribe] | [IVPN] *(better still, use [Tor] for anonimity)*. See also [VPN Warning Note]
- App Firewall: [NetGuard] (Android) | [Lockdown] (iOS) | [OpenSnitch] (Linux) | [LuLu] (MacOS)
#### Browser Extensions
- [Privacy Badger] - Blocks trackers.
- [HTTPS Everywhere] - Upgrades requests to HTTPS.
- [uBlock Origin] - Blocks ads, trackers and malwares.
- [ScriptSafe] - Block execution of certain scripts.
- [WebRTC Leak Prevent] - Prevents IP leaks.
- [Vanilla Cookie Manager] - Auto-removes unwanted cookies.
- [Privacy Essentials] - Shows which sites are insecure
#### Mobile Apps
- [Exodus] - Shows which trackers are on your device.
- [Orbot]- System-wide Tor Proxy.
- [Island] - Sand-box environment for apps.
- [NetGuard] - Controll which apps have network access.
- [Bouncer] - Grant temporary permissions.
- [Greenify] - Control which apps can run in the background.
- [1.1.1.1] - Use CloudFlare's DNS over HTTPS.
- [Fing App] - Monitor your home WiFi network for intruders
#### Online Tools
- [εxodus] - Shows which trackers an app has.
- [';--have i been pwned?] - Check if your details have been exposed in a breach.
- [EXIF Remover] - Removes meta data from image or file.
- [Redirect Detective] - Shows where link redirects to.
- [Virus Total] - Scans file or URL for malware.
- [Panopticlick], [Browser Leak Test] and [IP Leak Test] - Check for system and browser leaks
#### Productivity Tools
- File Storage: [NextCloud].
- File Sync: [Syncthing].
- File Drop: [FilePizza].
- Notes: [Standard Notes], [Cryptee], [Joplin].
- Blogging: [Write Freely].
- Calendar/ Contacts Sync: [ETE Sync]
📜 **See More**: [Complete List of Privacy-Respecting Sofware](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy)
----
## SECURITY HARDWARE
There are also some gadgets that can help improve your physical and digital security.
- **Blockers & Shields**: [PortaPow] - USB Data Blocker | [Mic Block] - Physically disables microphone | [Silent-Pocket] - Signal-blocking faraday pouches | [Lindy] - Physical port blockers | [RFID Shields] | [Webcam Covers] | [Privacy Screen]
- **Crypto Wallets**: [Trezor] - Hardware wallet | [CryptoSteel] - Indestructible steel crypto wallet
- **FIDO U2F Keys**: [Solo Key] | [Nitro Key] | [Librem Key]
- **Data Blockers**: [PortaPow] - Blocks data to protect against malware upload attacks, enables FastCharge.
- **Hardware-encrypted storage**: [iStorage]- PIN-authenticated 256-bit hardware encrypted storage | [Encrypted Drive Enclosure]
- **Networking**: [Anonabox] - Plug-and-play Tor router | [FingBox] - Easy home network automated security monitoring
- **Paranoid Gadgets!** [Orwl]- Self-destroying PC | [Hunter-Cat]- Card-skim detector | [Adversarial Fashion]- Anti-facial-recognition clothing | [DSTIKE Deauth Detector] - Detect deauth attacks, from [Spacehuhn] | [Reflectacles]- Anti-surveillance glasses | [Armourcard]- Active RFID jamming | [Bug-Detector]- Check for RF-enabled eavesdropping equipment | [Ultrasonic Microphone Jammer] - Emits signals that's silent to humans, but interfere with recording equipment.
There's no need to spend money - Most of these products can be made at home with open source software. Here's a list of [DIY Security Gadgets](/6_Privacy_and-Security_Gadgets.md#diy-security-products).
📜 **See More**: [Privacy and Security Gadgets](/6_Privacy_and-Security_Gadgets.md)
----
*Thanks for visiting, hope you found something useful here :) Contributions are welcome, and much appreciated - to propose an edit [raise an issue](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/issues/new/choose), or [open a PR](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/pull/new/master). See: [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md).*
----
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[//]: # (SECURITY SOFTWARE LINKS)
[BitWarden]: https://bitwarden.com
[1Password]: https://1password.com
[KeePassXC]: https://keepassxc.org
[LessPass]: https://lesspass.com
[Aegis]: https://getaegis.app
[AndOTP]: https://github.com/andOTP/andOTP
[Authenticator]: https://mattrubin.me/authenticator
[VeraCrypt]: https://www.veracrypt.fr
[Cryptomator]: https://cryptomator.org
[Tor]: https://www.torproject.org
[Pi-Hole]: https://pi-hole.net
[Mullvad]: https://mullvad.net
[ProtonVPN]: https://protonvpn.com
[Windscribe]: https://windscribe.com/?affid=6nh59z1r
[IVPN]: https://www.ivpn.net
[NetGuard]: https://www.netguard.me
[Lockdown]: https://lockdownhq.com
[OpenSnitch]: https://github.com/evilsocket/opensnitch
[LuLu]: https://objective-see.com/products/lulu.html
[SimpleWall]: https://github.com/henrypp/simplewall
[33Mail]: http://33mail.com/Dg0gkEA
[anonaddy]: https://anonaddy.com
[Signal]: https://signal.org
[KeyBase]: https://keybase.io
[ProtonMail]: https://protonmail.com
[MailFence]: https://mailfence.com
[Tutanota]: https://tutanota.com
[Brave Browser]: https://brave.com/?ref=ali721
[Firefox]: https://www.mozilla.org/
[DuckDuckGo]: https://duckduckgo.com
[StartPage]: https://www.startpage.com
[Qwant]: https://www.qwant.com
[SearX]: https://asciimoo.github.io/searx
[VPN Warning Note]: https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/master/5_Privacy_Respecting_Software.md#word-of-warning-8
[//]: # (PRODUCTIVITY SOFTWARE LINKS)
[NextCloud]: https://nextcloud.com
[Standard Notes]: https://standardnotes.org/?s=chelvq36
[Cryptee]: https://crypt.ee
[Joplin]: https://joplinapp.org
[ETE Sync]: https://www.etesync.com/accounts/signup/?referrer=QK6g
[FilePizza]: https://file.pizza/
[Syncthing]: https://syncthing.net
[Write Freely]: https://writefreely.org
[//]: # (BROWSER EXTENSION LINKS)
[Privacy Badger]: https://www.eff.org/privacybadger
[HTTPS Everywhere]: https://eff.org/https-everywhere
[uBlock Origin]: https://github.com/gorhill/uBlock
[ScriptSafe]: https://github.com/andryou/scriptsafe
[WebRTC Leak Prevent]: https://github.com/aghorler/WebRTC-Leak-Prevent
[Vanilla Cookie Manager]: https://github.com/laktak/vanilla-chrome
[Privacy Essentials]: https://duckduckgo.com/app
[//]: # (ONLINE SECURITY TOOLS)
[';--have i been pwned?]: https://haveibeenpwned.com
[εxodus]: https://reports.exodus-privacy.eu.org
[Panopticlick]: https://panopticlick.eff.org
[Browser Leak Test]: https://browserleaks.com
[IP Leak Test]: https://ipleak.net
[EXIF Remover]: https://www.exifremove.com
[Redirect Detective]: https://redirectdetective.com
[Virus Total]: https://www.virustotal.com
[//]: # (ANDROID APP LINKS)
[Island]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.oasisfeng.island
[Orbot]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.torproject.android
[Orbot]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.torproject.android
[Bouncer]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.samruston.permission
[Crypto]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kokoschka.michael.crypto
[Cryptomator]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.cryptomator
[Daedalus]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.itxtech.daedalus
[Brevent]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=me.piebridge.brevent
[Greenify]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.oasisfeng.greenify
[Secure Task]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.balda.securetask
[Tor Browser]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.torproject.torbrowser
[PortDroid]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.stealthcopter.portdroid
[Packet Capture]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=app.greyshirts.sslcapture
[SysLog]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tortel.syslog
[Dexplorer]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.dexplorer
[Check and Test]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.inpocketsoftware.andTest
[Tasker]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.dinglisch.android.taskerm
[Haven]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.havenapp.main
[NetGaurd]: https://www.netguard.me/
[Exodus]: https://exodus-privacy.eu.org/en/page/what/#android-app
[XUMI Security]: https://xumi.ca/xumi-security/
[Fing App]: https://www.fing.com/products/fing-app
[FlutterHole]: https://github.com/sterrenburg/flutterhole
[1.1.1.1]: https://1.1.1.1/
[The Guardian Project]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/dev?id=6502754515281796553
[The Tor Project]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/developer?id=The+Tor+Project
[Oasis Feng]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/dev?id=7664242523989527886
[Marcel Bokhorst]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/dev?id=8420080860664580239
[//]: # (SECURITY HARDWARE LINKS)
[Encrypted Drive Enclosure]: https://www.startech.com/HDD/Enclosures/encrypted-sata-enclosure-2-5in-hdd-ssd-usb-3~S2510BU33PW
[iStorage]: https://istorage-uk.com
[PortaPow]: https://portablepowersupplies.co.uk/product/usb-data-blocker
[Lindy]: https://lindy.com/en/technology/port-blockers
[Mic Block]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/4000542324471.html
[RFID Shields]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32976382478.html
[Webcam Covers]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/4000393683866.html
[Privacy Screen]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32906889317.html
[Trezor]: https://trezor.io
[CryptoSteel]: https://cryptosteel.com/product/cryptosteel/?v=79cba1185463
[Solo Key]: https://solokeys.com
[Nitro Key]: https://www.nitrokey.com
[Librem Key]: https://puri.sm/products/librem-key
[Anonabox]: https://www.anonabox.com
[FingBox]: https://www.fing.com/products/fingbox
[Orwl]: https://orwl.org
[Hunter-Cat]: https://lab401.com/products/hunter-cat-card-skimmer-detector
[DSTIKE Deauth Detector]: https://www.tindie.com/products/lspoplove/dstike-deauth-detector-pre-flashed-with-detector
[Bug-Detector]: https://www.brickhousesecurity.com/counter-surveillance/multi-bug
[Ultrasonic Microphone Jammer]: https://uspystore.com/silent-ultrasonic-microphone-defeater
[Silent-Pocket]: https://silent-pocket.com
[Armourcard]: https://armourcard.com
[Adversarial Fashion]: https://adversarialfashion.com
[Reflectacles]: https://www.reflectacles.com
[Spacehuhn]: https://github.com/spacehuhn/DeauthDetector
================================================
FILE: articles/4_Privacy_And_Security_Links.md
================================================
# Awesome Privacy & Security Links
[](https://awesome.re) [](http://makeapullrequest.com) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) [](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/graphs/contributors)
*A curated list of notable guides, articles, tools and media - relating to digital security, internet freedom and online privacy*
**See also**: [Personal Security Checklist](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/master/README.md) | [Privacy-Respecting Software](https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/master/5_Privacy_Respecting_Software.md) | [Security Gadgets](/6_Privacy_and-Security_Gadgets.md) | [Why Privacy Matters](/0_Why_It_Matters.md) | [TLDR](/2_TLDR_Short_List.md)🔐
## Contents
- **Information and Guides**
- [How-To Guides](#how-to-guides)
- [Articles](#articles)
- [Blogs](#blogs)
- **Media**
- [Books](#books)
- [Podcasts](#podcasts)
- [Videos](#videos)
- **Security Tools & Services**
- [Online Tools](#online-tools)
- Privacy-Respecting Software, moved to [here](https://github.com/Lissy93/awesome-privacy)
- Security Hardware, moved to [here](/6_Privacy_and-Security_Gadgets.md)
- **Research**
- [Data and API's](#data-apis-and-visualisations)
- [Academic](#academic)
- **Organisations**
- [Foundations](#foundations)
- [Government and Independant Organisations](#governance)
- **More Lists**
- [Mega Guides](#mega-guides)
- [Other GitHub Security Lists](#more-awesome-github-lists)
## How-To Guides
- **Threat Protection**
- Protect against SIM-swap scam: via [wired](https://www.wired.com/story/sim-swap-attack-defend-phone)
- How to spot a phishing attack: via [EFF](https://ssd.eff.org/en/module/how-avoid-phishing-attacks)
- Protection from Identity Theft: via [Restore Privacy](https://restoreprivacy.com/identity-theft-fraud)
- Protecting from key-stroke-logging, with KeyScrambler: via [TechRepublic](https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/it-security/keyscrambler-how-keystroke-encryption-works-to-thwart-keylogging-threats)
- Guide to Hash Checks, to ensure a program has not been tampered with: via [ProPrivacy](https://proprivacy.com/guides/how-why-and-when-you-should-hash-check)
- Permanently and Securely Delete ‘Files and Directories’ in Linux: via [TechMint](https://www.tecmint.com/permanently-and-securely-delete-files-directories-linux/)
- **Networking**
- How to enable DNS over HTTPS: via [geekwire](https://geekwire.co.uk/privacy-and-security-focused-dns-resolver)
- How to resolve DNS leak issue: via [DNSLeakTest](https://www.dnsleaktest.com/how-to-fix-a-dns-leak.html)
- Protect against WebRTC Leaks: via [Restore Privacy](https://restoreprivacy.com/webrtc-leaks)
- ISP and DNS privacy tips: via [bluz71](https://bluz71.github.io/2018/06/20/digital-privacy-tips.html)
- Beginners guide on getting started with Tor: via [ProPrivacy](https://proprivacy.com/privacy-service/guides/ultimate-tor-browser-guide)
- Beginners guide to I2P: via [The Tin Hat](https://thetinhat.com/tutorials/darknets/i2p.html)
- About Using VPN and Tor together: via [ProPrivacy](https://proprivacy.com/vpn/guides/using-vpn-tor-together)
- How to use `__nomap`, to reduce public exposure of SSID: via [ghacks](https://www.ghacks.net/2014/10/29/add-_nomap-to-your-routers-ssid-to-have-it-ignored-by-google-and-mozilla/)
- Up-to-date router configurations for advanced security: via [RouterSecurity.org](https://routersecurity.org/)
- **Communication**
- Email Self-Defense, Configure your mail client securly, from scratch - via [FSF.org](https://emailselfdefense.fsf.org)
- How to avoid Phishing Attacks: via [EFF](https://ssd.eff.org/en/module/how-avoid-phishing-attacks)
- How to use PGP: Via EFF - [Windows](https://ssd.eff.org/en/module/how-use-pgp-windows), [MacOS](https://ssd.eff.org/en/module/how-use-pgp-mac-os-x) and [Linux](https://ssd.eff.org/en/module/how-use-pgp-linux)
- A Step-by-Step Guide to Generating More Secure GPG Keys: via [spin.atomicobject.com](https://spin.atomicobject.com/2013/11/24/secure-gpg-keys-guide/)
- How to Maintain Anonyimity in Bitcoin Transactions: [coinsutra.com](https://coinsutra.com/anonymous-bitcoin-transactions/)
- Beginners Guide to Signal (secure messaging app): via [Freedom of the Press Foundation](https://freedom.press/news/signal-beginners/)
- How to use OTR messaging with Adium (MacOS): via [CalyxiIstitute.org](https://calyxinstitute.org/docs/howto-encrypted-instant-messaging-with-osx-adium-and-otr)
- Full guide to using plaintext emails: via [useplaintext.email](https://useplaintext.email/)
- **Devices**
- How to Enable Encryption on your Devices: via [SpreadPrivacy.com](https://spreadprivacy.com/how-to-encrypt-devices/)
- How to Delete your Data Securely: Via EFF - [Windows](https://ssd.eff.org/en/module/how-delete-your-data-securely-windows), [MacOS](https://ssd.eff.org/en/module/how-delete-your-data-securely-macos) and [Linux](https://ssd.eff.org/en/module/how-delete-your-data-securely-linux)
- Layers of Personal Tech Security: via [The Wire Cutter](https://thewirecutter.com/blog/internet-security-layers)
- Device-Specific Privacy Guides: via [SpreadPrivacy](https://spreadprivacy.com/tag/device-privacy-tips/)
- For: [Windows 10](https://spreadprivacy.com/windows-10-privacy-tips/), [MacOS](https://spreadprivacy.com/mac-privacy-tips/), [Linux](https://spreadprivacy.com/linux-privacy-tips/), [Android](https://spreadprivacy.com/android-privacy-tips/) and [iOS](https://spreadprivacy.com/iphone-privacy-tips/)
- Guide to scrubbing Windows OSs from forensic investigation: by u/moschles, via [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/security/comments/32fb1l/open_guide_to_scrubbing_windows_oss_from_forensic)
- A curated list of Windows Domain Hardening techniques: by @PaulSec, via: [GitHub](https://github.com/PaulSec/awesome-windows-domain-hardening)
- Configuring Gboard for better Privacy: via [Ghacks](https://www.ghacks.net/2016/12/21/configure-gboard-privacy-google-keyboard/)
- Settings to update on iPhone, for better privacy: via [lifehacker](https://lifehacker.com/the-privacy-enthusiasts-guide-to-using-an-iphone-1792386831)
- How to check App Permissions (Android, iOS, Mac & Windows): via [Wired](https://www.wired.com/story/how-to-check-app-permissions-ios-android-macos-windows/)
- How to manage Self-Encrypting Drives: via [TechSpot](https://www.techspot.com/guides/869-self-encrypting-drives/)
- Harden your MacOS Security: via [@drduh on GitHub](https://github.com/drduh/macOS-Security-and-Privacy-Guide)
- **Software**
- Complete guide to configuring Firefox for Privacy + Speed: via [12bytes](https://12bytes.org/articles/tech/firefox/firefoxgecko-configuration-guide-for-privacy-and-performance-buffs/)
- Firefox Configuration Guide for Beginners: via [12bytes](https://12bytes.org/articles/tech/firefox/the-firefox-privacy-guide-for-dummies/)
- How to use Vera Crypt: via [howtogeek](https://www.howtogeek.com/108501/the-how-to-geek-guide-to-getting-started-with-truecrypt)
- How to use KeePassXC: via [EFF](https://ssd.eff.org/en/module/how-use-keepassxc)
- How to use uMatrix browser addon to block trackers: via [ProPrivacy](https://proprivacy.com/privacy-service/guides/lifehacks-setup-umatrix-beginners)
- How to set up 2-Factor Auth on common websites: via [The Verge](https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/17/15772142/how-to-set-up-two-factor-authentication)
- How to use DuckDuckGo advanced search features: via [Ghacks](https://www.ghacks.net/2013/03/24/duckduckgo-another-bag-of-tricks-to-get-the-most-out-of-it/)
- How to use Cryptomator (encrypt files on cloud storage): via [It's Foss](https://itsfoss.com/cryptomator/)
- **Physical Security**
- Guide to Living Anonymously, Personal Data Removal and Credit Freeze: via [IntelTechniques.com](https://inteltechniques.com/data/workbook.pdf)
- Hiding from Physical Surveillance: via [Snallabolaget](http://snallabolaget.com/hiding-from-surveillance-how-and-why)
- Guide to opting-out of public data listings and marketing lists: via [World Privacy Forum](https://www.worldprivacyforum.org/2015/08/consumer-tips-top-ten-opt-outs)
-
- **Enterprise**
- A basic checklist to harden GDPR compliancy: via [GDPR Checklist](https://gdprchecklist.io)
- **Reference Info**
- A direcory of websites, apps and services supporting 2FA: via [TwoFactorAuth.org](https://twofactorauth.org)
- A directory of direct links to delete your account from web services: via [JustDeleteMe.xyz](https://justdeleteme.xyz)
- Impartial VPN Comparison Data: via [ThatOnePrivacySite](https://thatoneprivacysite.net/#detailed-vpn-comparison)
- Terms of Service; Didn't Read - Vital resource that summarizes and extracts the key details from Privacy Policies/ Terms of Services, aiming to fix the issues caused by blindly agreeing to these Terms: via [tosdr.org](https://tosdr.org/)
- Free, open-source and privacy-respecting alternatives to popular software: via [Switching.Software](https://switching.software/)
- Product reviews from a privacy perspective, by Mozilla: via [Privacy Not Included](https://foundation.mozilla.org/en/privacynotincluded)
- Surveillance Catalogue - Database of secret government surveillance equipment, Snowden: via [The Intercept](https://theintercept.com/surveillance-catalogue)
- See also: The source code, on WikiLeaks [Vault7](https://wikileaks.org/vault7) and [Vault8](https://wikileaks.org/vault8), and the accompanying [press release](https://wikileaks.org/ciav7p1)
- Who Has Your Back? - Which companies hand over your comply with Government Data Requests 2019: via [EFF](https://www.eff.org/wp/who-has-your-back-2019)
- Check who your local and government representatives in your local area are [WhoAreMyRepresentatives.org](https://whoaremyrepresentatives.org)
- Open project to rate, annotate, and archive privacy policies: via [PrivacySpy.org](https://privacyspy.org)
- Hosts to block: via [someonewhocares/ hosts](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts) / [StevenBlack/ hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
- Magic Numbers - Up-to-date file signature table, to identify / verify files have not been tampered with: via [GaryKessler](https://www.garykessler.net/library/file_sigs.html)
- List of IP ranges per country: via [Nirsoft](https://www.nirsoft.net/countryip)
- Database of default passwords for various devices by manufacturer and model: via [Default-Password.info](https://default-password.info)
- **All-in-one digital and physical security**
- Umbrella: an open source iOS/Android/Web app for learning about and managing digital, operational and physical security (from safe communication to dealing with a kidnap) via [Security First](https://www.secfirst.org)
## Articles
- **General**
- 8-point manifesto, of why Privacy Matters: via [whyprivacymatters.org](https://whyprivacymatters.org)
- Rethinking Digital Ads: via [TheInternetHealthReport](https://internethealthreport.org/2019/rethinking-digital-ads)
- **Encryption**
- Overview of projects working on next-generation secure email: via [OpenTechFund](https://github.com/OpenTechFund/secure-email)
- Anatomy of a GPG Key: via [@DaveSteele](https://davesteele.github.io/gpg/2014/09/20/anatomy-of-a-gpg-key/)
- **Surveillance**
- Twelve Million Phones, One Dataset, Zero Privacy: via [NY Times](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/12/19/opinion/location-tracking-cell-phone.html)
- Windows data sending: via [The Hacker News](https://thehackernews.com/2016/02/microsoft-windows10-privacy.html)
- Is your Anti-Virus spying on you: via [Restore Privacy](https://restoreprivacy.com/antivirus-privacy)
- What does your car know about you?: via [Washington Post](https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/12/17/what-does-your-car-know-about-you-we-hacked-chevy-find-out)
- Turns Out Police Stingray Spy Tools Can Indeed Record Calls: via [Wired](https://www.wired.com/2015/10/stingray-government-spy-tools-can-record-calls-new-documents-confirm)
- UK Police Accessing Private Phone Data Without Warrant: via [Restore Privacy](https://restoreprivacy.com/uk-police-accessing-phone-data)
- Rage Against Data Dominance: via [Privacy International](https://privacyinternational.org/long-read/3734/rage-against-data-dominance-new-hope)
- NSA Files Decoded, What the revelations mean for you: via [The Guardian](https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/nov/01/snowden-nsa-files-surveillance-revelations-decoded)
- How to Track a Cellphone Without GPS—or Consent: via [Gizmodo](https://gizmodo.com/how-to-track-a-cellphone-without-gps-or-consent-1821125371)
- Apps able to track device location, through power manager: via [Wired](https://www.wired.com/2015/02/powerspy-phone-tracking/)
- Hackers and governments can see you through your phone’s camera: via [Business Insider](https://www.businessinsider.com/hackers-governments-smartphone-iphone-camera-wikileaks-cybersecurity-hack-privacy-webcam-2017-6)
- Law Enforcement Geo-Fence Data Requests - How an Innocent cyclist became a suspect when cops accessed his Google location data: via [Daily Mail](https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8086095/Police-issue-warrant-innocent-mans-Google-information.html)
- IBM Used NYPD Surveillance Footage to Develop Technology That Lets Police Search by Skin Color: via [TheIntercept](https://theintercept.com/2018/09/06/nypd-surveillance-camera-skin-tone-search/)
- **Threats**
- 23 reasons not to reveal your DNA: via [Internet Health Report](https://internethealthreport.org/2019/23-reasons-not-to-reveal-your-dna)
- Security of Third-Party Keyboard Apps on Mobile Devices: via [Lenny Zelster](https://zeltser.com/third-party-keyboards-security)
- Mobile Websites Can Tap Into Your Phone's Sensors Without Asking: via [Wired](https://www.wired.com/story/mobile-websites-can-tap-into-your-phones-sensors-without-asking)
- Non-admin accounts mitigate 94% of critical Windows vulnerabilities: via [ghacks](https://www.ghacks.net/2017/02/23/non-admin-accounts-mitigate-94-of-critical-windows-vulnerabilities/)
- Android Apps are able to monitor screen state, data usage, installed app details and more without any permissions: by @databurn-in, via [GitHub](https://github.com/databurn-in/Android-Privacy-Issues)
- See also, [PrivacyBreacher](https://github.com/databurn-in/PrivacyBreacher) - an app developed by @databurn-in, which demonstrates these issues
- How URL Previews in Apps can Leak Personal Info: via [hunch.ly](https://hunch.ly/osint-articles/osint-article-how-to-blow-your-online-cover)
- Big data privacy risks: via [CSO Online](https://www.csoonline.com/article/2855641/the-5-worst-big-data-privacy-risks-and-how-to-guard-against-them.html)
- Anti-Doxing Guide (For Activists Facing Attacks): via [Equality Labs](https://medium.com/@EqualityLabs/anti-doxing-guide-for-activists-facing-attacks-from-the-alt-right-ec6c290f543c)
- **Breaches**
- Wired guide to data breaches - past, present and future: via [Wired](https://www.wired.com/story/wired-guide-to-data-breaches/)
- Grindr and OkCupid Spread Personal Details Study Says: via [NY Times](https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/13/technology/grindr-apps-dating-data-tracking.html)
- The Asia-Pacific Cyber Espionage Campaign that Went Undetected for 5 Years: via [TheHackerNews](https://thehackernews.com/2020/05/asia-pacific-cyber-espionage.html)
- ClearView AI Data Breach - 3 Billion Faces: via [Forbes](https://www.forbes.com/sites/kateoflahertyuk/2020/02/26/clearview-ai-the-company-whose-database-has-amassed-3-billion-photos-hacked/)
- The MongoDB hack and the importance of secure defaults: via [Synk](https://snyk.io/blog/mongodb-hack-and-secure-defaults/)
- Truecaller Data Breach – 47.5 Million Indian Truecaller Records On Sale: via [GBHackers](https://gbhackers.com/truecaller-data-breach/)
- Hundreds of millions of Facebook user records were exposed on Amazon cloud server: via [CBS News](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/millions-facebook-user-records-exposed-amazon-cloud-server/)
- Microsoft data breach exposes 250 million customer support records: via [Graham Cluley](https://www.grahamcluley.com/microsoft-data-breach/)
- **Data Collection**
- Ring Doorbell App Packed with Third-Party Trackers: via [EFF](https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/01/ring-doorbell-app-packed-third-party-trackers)
- How a highly targeted ad can track your precise movements: via [Wired](https://www.wired.com/story/track-location-with-mobile-ads-1000-dollars-study/)
- Based on the paper, Using Ad Targeting for Surveillance on a Budget: via [Washington.edu](https://adint.cs.washington.edu/ADINT.pdf)
- How websites can see your full personal details, from your phone contract info: via [Medium/@philipn](https://medium.com/@philipn/want-to-see-something-crazy-open-this-link-on-your-phone-with-wifi-turned-off-9e0adb00d024)
- Facebook and America’s largest companies give worker data to Equifax: via [FastCompany](https://www.fastcompany.com/40485634/equifax-salary-data-and-the-work-number-database)
- Exfiltration of personal data by session-replay scripts: via [Freedom-to-Tinker](https://freedom-to-tinker.com/2017/11/15/no-boundaries-exfiltration-of-personal-data-by-session-replay-scripts/)
- Apple's iTerm2 Leaks Everything You Hover in Your Terminal via DNS Requests: via [BleepingComputer](https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/iterm2-leaks-everything-you-hover-in-your-terminal-via-dns-requests/)
- Google Has Quietly Dropped Ban on Personally Identifiable Web Tracking: via [propublica.org](https://www.propublica.org/article/google-has-quietly-dropped-ban-on-personally-identifiable-web-tracking)
## Blogs
- **Security Reserachers**
- [Krebs on Security](https://krebsonsecurity.com/) - Lots of up-to-date, in-depth interesting cyber security news and investigations, by a true legend in the field and NY Times Bestseller, Brian Krebs. [RSS](https://krebsonsecurity.com/feed/)
- [Schneier on Security](https://www.schneier.com/) - Commentary, news, essays and more all about cryptography, cyber security and privacy. New posts are written almost daily, and this is also home to the famous [Crypto Gram](https://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram/) weekly newsletter, that's been popular since 1994. By the world-renowned security professional, and serial bestselling author, Bruce Schneier. [RSS](https://www.schneier.com/blog/atom.xml)
- [Troy Hunt](https://www.troyhunt.com/) - Security researcher and data breach collector. [RSS](https://feeds.feedburner.com/TroyHunt)
- [Graham Cluley](https://www.grahamcluley.com/) - Security news, advise and opinion. From Graham Cluley, co-host of Smashing Security.
- [The Last Watch Dog](https://www.lastwatchdog.com/) - Privacy and Security articles, opinion and media by Byron Acohido
- [Daniel Miessler](https://danielmiessler.com/) - Summaries recent news and events, and focuses on security, technology and people. [RSS](https://danielmiessler.com/feed/)
- [Errata Security](https://blog.erratasec.com/) - Covers latest interesting news, and explains concepts clearly. By Robert Graham and David Maynor. [RSS](https://blog.erratasec.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss)
- [Underground Tradecraft](https://gru.gq/blog-feed/) - Counterintelligence, OPSEC and Tradecraft for everyone
- **Cyber Security News**
- [Dark Reading](https://www.darkreading.com/) - Well-known cyber security news site, with articles on a range of topics, ranging from data breaches, IoT, cloud security and threat intelligence. [RSS](https://www.darkreading.com/rss_simple.asp)
- [Threat Post](https://threatpost.com/) - News and Articles Cloud Security, Malware, Vulnerabilities, Waterfall Security and Podcasts. [RSS](https://threatpost.com/feed/)
- [We Live Security](https://www.welivesecurity.com/) - Security news, views, and insight, by ESET + Community. [RSS](https://www.welivesecurity.com/rss-configurator/)
- [The Hacker News](https://thehackernews.com/) - News and info covering Data Breaches, Cyber Attacks, Vulnerabilities, Malware. [RSS](https://feeds.feedburner.com/TheHackersNews)
- [Sophos: Naked Security](https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/) - Security news and updates, presented in an easy-to-digest format. [RSS](https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/feed/)
- [IT Security Guru](https://www.itsecurityguru.org/) - Combines top cyber security news from multiple sites, easier to stay up-to-date
- [FOSS Bytes - Cyber Security](https://fossbytes.com/category/security) - News about the latest exploits and hacks
- **Cyber Security Infomation**
- [Heimdal](https://heimdalsecurity.com/blog) - Personal Cyber Security Tutorials and Articles
- [Tech Crunch](https://techcrunch.com/tag/cybersecurity-101) - Cyber Security 101
- [Email Self-Defense](https://emailselfdefense.fsf.org) - Complete guide to secure email
- [Security Planner](https://securityplanner.org) - Great advise for beginners
- [My Shaddow](https://myshadow.org) - Resources and guides, to help you take controll of your data
- **Privacy Guides**
- [EFF SSD](https://ssd.eff.org) - Tips for safer online communications
- [Restore Privacy](https://restoreprivacy.com) - Tools and guides about privacy and security
- [That One Privacy Site](https://thatoneprivacysite.net) - impartial comparisons and discussions
- [The Hated One](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjr2bPAyPV7t35MvcgT3W8Q) - Privacy and security videos
- [12Bytes](https://12bytes.org/articles/tech) - Tech, Privacy and more (Note, sometimes covers controversial topics)
- [Pixel Privacy](https://pixelprivacy.com/resources) - Online privacy guides
- [The Tin Hat](https://thetinhat.com) - Tutorials and Articles for Online Privacy
- [PrivacyTools.io]( https://www.privacytools.io) - Tools to protect against mass surveillance
- [PrismBreak](https://prism-break.org/en/all) - Secure app alternatives
- [The VERGE guide to privacy](https://bit.ly/2ptl4Wm) - Guides for securing mobile, web and home tech
- **Privacy News**
- [Spread Privacy](https://spreadprivacy.com) - Raising the standard of trust online, by DuckDuckGo
- [BringBackPrivacy](https://bringingprivacyback.com) - Easy-reading, sharable privacy articles
- [The Privacy Project](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/opinion/internet-privacy-project.html) - Articles and reporting on Privacy, by the NYT
- **Internet Freedom**
- [OONI](https://ooni.org/post), Internet freedom and analysis on blocked sites
- [Internet Health Report](https://foundation.mozilla.org/en/internet-health-report) - Mozilla is documenting and explaining what’s happening to openness and freedom on the Internet
- [Worth Hiding](https://worthhiding.com) - Posts about privacy, politics and the law
## Books
- [Permanent Record](https://www.amazon.co.uk/Permanent-Record-Edward-Snowden/dp/1529035651) by Edward Snowden
- [Sandworm](https://www.amazon.co.uk/Sandworm-Cyberwar-Kremlins-Dangerous-Hackers/dp/0385544405) by Andy Greenberg: A New Era of Cyberwar and the Hunt for the Kremlin's Most Dangerous Hackers
- [Extreme Privacy](https://www.amazon.co.uk/Extreme-Privacy-Takes-Disappear-America/dp/1093757620) by Michael Bazzell: Thoroughly detailed guide for protecting your privacy both electronically and physically
- [Ghost in the Wires](https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B00FOQS8D6) by Kevin Mitnick: Kevin tells his story of being the world's most wanted hacker
- [The Art of Invisibility](https://www.amazon.com/Art-Invisibility-Worlds-Teaches-Brother/dp/0316380504), by Kevin Mitnick: You How to Be Safe in the Age of Big Brother
- [Eyes in the Sky](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/40796190-eyes-in-the-sky): The Secret Rise of Gorgon Stare and How It Will Watch Us All, by Arthur Holla Michel: Outlines the capabilities of the digital imaging in continuous aerial and satellite surveillance, and discusses both the current systems that are deployed, and the technical feasibility of future plans
## Podcasts
- [Darknet Diaries] by Jack Rhysider: Stories from the dark sides of the internet.<br>
[][da-stitch]
[][da-itunes]
[][da-spotify]
[][da-google]
[][cy-pocketcasts]
- [CYBER] by Motherboard: News and analysis about the latest cyber threats<br>
[][cy-stitch]
[][cy-itunes]
[][cy-spotify]
[][cy-soundcloud]
[][cy-pocketcasts]
- [The Privacy, Security, & OSINT Show] by Michael Bazzell: Comprehensive guides on Privacy and OSINT<br>
[][tp-stitch]
[][tp-itunes]
[][tp-spotify]
[][tp-soundcloud]
[][tp-pocketcasts]
- [Smashing Security] by Graham Cluley and Carole Theriault: Casual, opinionated and humerous chat about current cybersecurity news<br>
[][sm-stitch]
[][sm-itunes]
[][sm-spotify]
[][sm-google]
[][sm-pocketcasts]
- [IRL Podcast] by Mozilla: Online Life is Real Life, Stories about the future of the Web<br>
[][irl-stitch]
[][irl-itunes]
[][irl-spotify]
[][irl-google]
[][irl-pocketcasts]
- [Random but Memorable] by 1Password - A Security advice podcast<br>
[][rbm-stitch]
[][rbm-itunes]
[][rbm-spotify]
[][rbm-google]
[][rbm-pocketcasts]
More Security Podcasts on [player.fm](https://player.fm/featured/security)
More Podcasts (Verification Required): [Naked Security](https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com) | [Open Source Security Podcast](opensourcesecuritypodcast.com) | [Defensive Security Podcast](https://defensivesecurity.org) | [Malicious Life](https://malicious.life) | [Down the Security Rabbit Hole](http://podcast.wh1t3rabbit.net) | [Cyber Wire](https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/daily-podcast) | [Hacking Humans](https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/hacking-humans) | [Security Now](https://twit.tv/shows/security-now) | [Cyber Security Interviews](https://cybersecurityinterviews.com) | [Security Weekly](https://securityweekly.com) | [The Shared Security Podcast](https://sharedsecurity.net) | [Risky Business](https://risky.biz/netcasts/risky-business) | [Crypto-Gram Security Podcast](https://crypto-gram.libsyn.com) | [Off the Hook](https://player.fm/series/off-the-hook-84511) | [Opt Out Podcast](https://optoutpod.com/)
[Darknet Diaries]: https://darknetdiaries.com
[da-stitch]: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/darknet-diaries
[da-itunes]: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/darknet-diaries/id1296350485
[da-spotify]: https://open.spotify.com/show/4XPl3uEEL9hvqMkoZrzbx5
[da-pocketcasts]: https://pca.st/darknetdiaries
[da-google]: https://podcasts.google.com/?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vZGFya25ldGRpYXJpZXM%3D
[CYBER]: https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/59vpnx/introducing-cyber-a-hacking-podcast-by-motherboard
[cy-stitch]: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/vice-2/cyber
[cy-soundcloud]: https://soundcloud.com/motherboard
[cy-itunes]: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/cyber/id1441708044
[cy-spotify]: https://open.spotify.com/show/3smcGJaAF6F7sioqFDQjzn
[cy-pocketcasts]: https://pca.st/z7m3
[The Privacy, Security, & OSINT Show]: https://inteltechniques.com/podcast.html
[tp-stitch]: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/michael-bazzell/the-complete-privacy-security-podcast
[tp-soundcloud]: https://soundcloud.com/user-98066669
[tp-itunes]: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/complete-privacy-security/id1165843330
[tp-spotify]: https://open.spotify.com/show/6QPWpZJ6bRTdbkI7GgLHBM
[tp-pocketcasts]: https://pca.st/zdIq
[Smashing Security]: https://www.smashingsecurity.com
[sm-stitch]: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/smashing-security
[sm-itunes]: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/smashing-security/id1195001633
[sm-spotify]: https://open.spotify.com/show/3J7pBxEu43nCnRTSXaan8S
[sm-pocketcasts]: https://pca.st/47UH
[sm-google]: https://podcasts.google.com/?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc21hc2hpbmdzZWN1cml0eS5jb20vcnNz
[IRL Podcast]: https://irlpodcast.org
[irl-stitch]: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/smashing-security
[irl-itunes]: https://geo.itunes.apple.com/podcast/us/id1247652431?mt=2&at=1010lbVy
[irl-spotify]: https://open.spotify.com/show/0vT7LJMeVDxyQ2ZamHKu08
[irl-pocketcasts]: https://pca.st/irl
[irl-google]: https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tb3ppbGxhLXBvZGNhc3RzLm9yZy9pcmw
[Random but Memorable]: https://blog.1password.com/random-but-memorable-the-security-advice-podcast-from-1password
[rbm-stitch]: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/1password/random-but-memorable
[rbm-itunes]: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/random-but-memorable/id1435486599
[rbm-pocketcasts]: https://pca.st/43AW
[rbm-spotify]: https://open.spotify.com/show/5Sa3dy0xDvMT0h3O5MGMOr
[rbm-google]: https://podcasts.google.com/?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9lRVpIazJhTA
## Videos
- **General**
- [You are being watched](https://youtu.be/c8jDsg-M6qM) by The New York Times
- [The Power of Privacy](https://youtu.be/KGX-c5BJNFk) by The Guardian
- [Why Privacy matters, even if you have nothing to hide](https://youtu.be/Hjspu7QV7O0) by The Hated One
- [The Unhackable Email Service](https://youtu.be/NM8fAnEqs1Q) by Freethink
- [NSA Whistleblower: Government Collecting Everything You Do](https://youtu.be/SjHs-E2e2V4) by Empire Files
- **Cryptography**
- [Advanced Into to GnuPGP](https://begriffs.com/posts/2016-11-05-advanced-intro-gnupg.html) by Neal Walfield ([walfield.org](http://walfield.org/))
- **TED Talks**
- [How Online Trackers Track You, and What To Do About It](https://youtu.be/jVeqAemtC6w) by Luke Crouch
- [Why you should switch off your home WiFi](https://youtu.be/2GpNhYy2l08) by Bram Bonné
- [Why Privacy Matters](https://www.ted.com/talks/glenn_greenwald_why_privacy_matters), by Glenn Greenwald
- [Fighting viruses, defending the net](https://www.ted.com/talks/mikko_hypponen_fighting_viruses_defending_the_net), by Mikko Hypponen
- [The 1s and 0s behind
gitextract_72taraow/
├── .github/
│ ├── CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
│ ├── CONTRIBUTING.md
│ ├── ISSUE_TEMPLATE/
│ │ ├── addition.yml
│ │ ├── amendment.yml
│ │ └── removal.yml
│ ├── PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
│ ├── README.md
│ └── workflows/
│ ├── insert-checklist.yml
│ ├── maintain-gh-pages.yml
│ └── sync-mirror.yml
├── CHECKLIST.md
├── Dockerfile
├── LICENSE
├── articles/
│ ├── 0_Why_It_Matters.md
│ ├── 2_TLDR_Short_List.md
│ ├── 4_Privacy_And_Security_Links.md
│ ├── 5_Privacy_Respecting_Software.md
│ ├── 6_Privacy_and-Security_Gadgets.md
│ ├── ATTRIBUTIONS.md
│ └── Secure-Messaging.md
├── lib/
│ ├── api-spec.yml
│ ├── api.py
│ ├── generate.py
│ ├── requirements.txt
│ ├── schema.json
│ └── validate.py
├── personal-security-checklist.yml
└── web/
├── .eslintignore
├── .eslintrc.cjs
├── .gitignore
├── .prettierignore
├── .vscode/
│ ├── launch.json
│ ├── qwik-city.code-snippets
│ └── qwik.code-snippets
├── README.txt
├── adapters/
│ ├── static/
│ │ └── vite.config.mts
│ └── vercel-edge/
│ └── vite.config.mts
├── package.json
├── postcss.config.js
├── public/
│ ├── manifest.json
│ └── robots.txt
├── src/
│ ├── components/
│ │ ├── core/
│ │ │ └── icon.tsx
│ │ ├── furniture/
│ │ │ ├── footer.tsx
│ │ │ ├── header.tsx
│ │ │ ├── hero.tsx
│ │ │ └── nav.tsx
│ │ ├── psc/
│ │ │ ├── checklist-table.tsx
│ │ │ ├── progress.tsx
│ │ │ ├── psc.module.css
│ │ │ └── section-link-grid.tsx
│ │ ├── router-head/
│ │ │ └── router-head.tsx
│ │ └── starter/
│ │ └── icons/
│ │ └── qwik.tsx
│ ├── data/
│ │ └── articles.ts
│ ├── entry.dev.tsx
│ ├── entry.preview.tsx
│ ├── entry.ssr.tsx
│ ├── entry.vercel-edge.tsx
│ ├── hooks/
│ │ └── useLocalStorage.ts
│ ├── root.tsx
│ ├── routes/
│ │ ├── _404.tsx
│ │ ├── about/
│ │ │ ├── about-content.ts
│ │ │ └── index.tsx
│ │ ├── article/
│ │ │ ├── [slug]/
│ │ │ │ ├── article.module.css
│ │ │ │ └── index.tsx
│ │ │ └── index.tsx
│ │ ├── checklist/
│ │ │ ├── [title]/
│ │ │ │ └── index.tsx
│ │ │ └── index.tsx
│ │ ├── index.tsx
│ │ ├── layout.tsx
│ │ └── service-worker.ts
│ ├── store/
│ │ ├── checklist-context.ts
│ │ ├── local-checklist-store.ts
│ │ └── theme-store.ts
│ ├── styles/
│ │ ├── global.css
│ │ └── tailwind.css
│ └── types/
│ ├── PSC.ts
│ ├── progressbar.d.ts
│ └── vite-plugin-copy.d.ts
├── tailwind.config.js
├── tsconfig.json
├── vercel.json
└── vite.config.mts
SYMBOL INDEX (17 symbols across 9 files)
FILE: lib/generate.py
function read_yaml (line 14) | def read_yaml(file_path):
function generate_markdown_section (line 19) | def generate_markdown_section(section):
function insert_markdown_content (line 36) | def insert_markdown_content(md_file_path, new_content):
function main (line 56) | def main():
FILE: web/src/components/core/icon.tsx
type IconProps (line 179) | interface IconProps {
FILE: web/src/components/psc/progress.tsx
type RadarChartData (line 172) | interface RadarChartData {
FILE: web/src/data/articles.ts
type Article (line 2) | interface Article {
FILE: web/src/entry.vercel-edge.tsx
type QwikCityPlatform (line 19) | interface QwikCityPlatform extends PlatformVercel {}
FILE: web/src/hooks/useLocalStorage.ts
function useLocalStorage (line 3) | function useLocalStorage(key: string, initialState: any): [any, QRL<(val...
FILE: web/src/routes/about/index.tsx
type Contributor (line 10) | interface Contributor {
FILE: web/src/store/theme-store.ts
constant STORAGE_KEY (line 5) | const STORAGE_KEY = 'PSC_THEME';
FILE: web/src/types/PSC.ts
type PersonalSecurityChecklist (line 2) | interface PersonalSecurityChecklist {
type Sections (line 6) | type Sections = Section[];
type Section (line 8) | interface Section {
type Priority (line 21) | type Priority = 'essential' | 'optional' | 'advanced';
type Checklist (line 23) | interface Checklist {
type Link (line 29) | interface Link {
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"preview": "**/*.log\n**/.DS_Store\n*.\n.vscode/settings.json\n.history\n.yarn\nbazel-*\nbazel-bin\nbazel-out\nbazel-qwik\nbazel-testlogs\ndist"
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"path": "web/src/components/starter/icons/qwik.tsx",
"chars": 3092,
"preview": "export const QwikLogo = ({\n width = 100,\n height = 35,\n}: {\n width?: number;\n height?: number;\n}) => (\n <svg\n wi"
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"path": "web/src/data/articles.ts",
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"path": "web/src/entry.dev.tsx",
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"preview": "/*\n * WHAT IS THIS FILE?\n *\n * Development entry point using only client-side modules:\n * - Do not use this mode in prod"
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"chars": 601,
"preview": "/*\n * WHAT IS THIS FILE?\n *\n * It's the bundle entry point for `npm run preview`.\n * That is, serving your app built in "
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"preview": "/**\n * WHAT IS THIS FILE?\n *\n * SSR entry point, in all cases the application is rendered outside the browser, this\n * e"
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"preview": "/*\n * WHAT IS THIS FILE?\n *\n * It's the entry point for Vercel Edge when building for production.\n *\n * Learn more about"
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"path": "web/src/hooks/useLocalStorage.ts",
"chars": 860,
"preview": "import { $, type QRL, useOnWindow, useStore } from \"@builder.io/qwik\";\n\nexport function useLocalStorage(key: string, ini"
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"preview": "import { component$, useStyles$ } from \"@builder.io/qwik\";\nimport {\n QwikCityProvider,\n RouterOutlet,\n ServiceWorkerR"
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{
"path": "web/src/routes/_404.tsx",
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"preview": "// src/routes/_404.tsx\nimport { component$ } from '@builder.io/qwik';\n\nexport default component$(() => {\n return (\n "
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"path": "web/src/routes/about/about-content.ts",
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"preview": "export const intro = [\n `The objective of this project is to give you practical guidance on how to improve your digital"
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"path": "web/src/routes/about/index.tsx",
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"path": "web/src/routes/article/[slug]/article.module.css",
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"preview": ".psc_article {\n img {\n display: inline;\n margin: 0 auto;\n border-radius: 4px;\n }\n}\n"
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"preview": "// src/routes/articles/[slug].tsx\nimport { component$, Resource, useResource$, useStore } from '@builder.io/qwik';\nimpor"
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"path": "web/src/routes/article/index.tsx",
"chars": 840,
"preview": "// src/routes/articles/index.tsx\nimport { component$ } from '@builder.io/qwik';\nimport articles from '~/data/articles';\n"
},
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"path": "web/src/routes/checklist/[title]/index.tsx",
"chars": 1758,
"preview": "import { component$, useContext } from '@builder.io/qwik';\nimport { useLocation } from '@builder.io/qwik-city';\nimport {"
},
{
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"path": "web/src/routes/index.tsx",
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"path": "web/src/routes/layout.tsx",
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"preview": "import { component$, useContextProvider, Slot } from \"@builder.io/qwik\";\nimport { routeLoader$, type RequestHandler } fr"
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"path": "web/src/routes/service-worker.ts",
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"preview": "/*\n * WHAT IS THIS FILE?\n *\n * The service-worker.ts file is used to have state of the art prefetching.\n * https://qwik."
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"path": "web/src/store/local-checklist-store.ts",
"chars": 779,
"preview": "\nimport { $, useStore, useOnWindow } from '@builder.io/qwik';\nimport jsyaml from 'js-yaml';\nimport type { Sections } fro"
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"path": "web/src/store/theme-store.ts",
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"preview": "import { useStore, useOnWindow, $ } from '@builder.io/qwik';\n\nimport { useLocalStorage } from '~/hooks/useLocalStorage';"
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"path": "web/src/styles/global.css",
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"preview": "@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Catamaran:wght@900&family=Poppins&display=swap');\n\nh1, h2, h3, h4,"
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"path": "web/src/types/PSC.ts",
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"preview": "\nexport interface PersonalSecurityChecklist {\n sections: Section[],\n}\n\nexport type Sections = Section[];\n\nexport interf"
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"path": "web/src/types/progressbar.d.ts",
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"preview": "declare module 'progressbar.js';\n"
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"path": "web/src/types/vite-plugin-copy.d.ts",
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"preview": "\n\nconst applyCustomColors = (theme, front, back) => {\n return {\n ...require(\"daisyui/src/theming/themes\")[`[data-the"
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"path": "web/tsconfig.json",
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"preview": "{\n \"compilerOptions\": {\n \"allowJs\": true,\n \"target\": \"ES2017\",\n \"module\": \"ES2022\",\n \"lib\": [\"es2022\", \"DOM"
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"preview": "{\n \"headers\": [\n {\n \"source\": \"/build/(.*)\",\n \"headers\": [\n {\n \"key\": \"Cache-Control\",\n "
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"path": "web/vite.config.mts",
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"preview": "import { defineConfig, type UserConfig } from \"vite\";\nimport { qwikVite } from \"@builder.io/qwik/optimizer\";\nimport { qw"
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]
About this extraction
This page contains the full source code of the Lissy93/personal-security-checklist GitHub repository, extracted and formatted as plain text for AI agents and large language models (LLMs). The extraction includes 82 files (536.8 KB), approximately 146.2k tokens, and a symbol index with 17 extracted functions, classes, methods, constants, and types. Use this with OpenClaw, Claude, ChatGPT, Cursor, Windsurf, or any other AI tool that accepts text input. You can copy the full output to your clipboard or download it as a .txt file.
Extracted by GitExtract — free GitHub repo to text converter for AI. Built by Nikandr Surkov.