Full Code of TheUpshot/presidential-precinct-map-2020 for AI

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MIT License

Copyright (c) 2020 The Upshot

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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# Presidential precinct data for the 2020 general election

The Upshot scraped and standardized precinct-level election results from around the country, and joined this tabular data to precinct GIS data to create a nationwide election map. This map _does not_ have full coverage for every state: data availability and caveats for each state are listed below, and statistics about data coverage [are available here](https://int.nyt.com/newsgraphics/elections/map-data/2020/national/precincts-with-results-statistics.json). We are releasing this map's data for attributed re-use under the MIT license in this repository.

The GeoJSON dataset can be downloaded at: https://int.nyt.com/newsgraphics/elections/map-data/2020/national/precincts-with-results.geojson.gz

Properties on each precinct polygon:

- `GEOID`: unique identifier for the precinct, formed from the five-digit county FIPS code followed by the precinct name/ID (eg, `30003-08` or `39091-WEST MANSFIELD`)
- `votes_dem`: votes received by Joseph Biden
- `votes_rep`: votes received by Donald Trump
- `votes_total`: total votes in the precinct, including for third-party candidates and write-ins
- `votes_per_sqkm`: total votes divided by the area of the precinct, rounded to one decimal place
- `pct_dem_lead`: `(votes_dem - votes_rep) / (votes_total)`, rounded to one decimal place (eg, `-21.3`)

_Due to licensing restrictions, we are unable to include the 2016 election results that appear in our interactive map._

Please contact dear.upshot@nytimes.com if you have any questions about data quality or sourcing, beyond the caveats we describe below.

## General caveats

- Where possible, we used official precinct boundaries provided by the states or counties, but in most cases these were not available and we generated boundaries ourselves, using L2 voter-file points to guess the precinct for each census block group; this results in _generally accurate_ precinct boundaries, but can be rough in no- or very-low-population places like business parks or uninhabited rural land.
  - Because of this, spatially joining our precinct GeoJSON to other geographic datasets will most likely yield less-than-ideal output.
- Some of the results we gathered are slightly incomplete:
  - A few states' data are unofficial, since the certified results hadn't been released at time of collection.
  - Wherever write-ins are not reported by the data source, our vote totals are marginally off.
  - A very small portion of the tabular precinct results (roughly 0.01%) could not be joined to the precinct boundaries, and thus these results are not present in the GeoJSON.
- A few areas, such as rural Vermont, Hawaii, Nevada, and Nebraska, contain no voters, and those polygons are excluded from the GeoJSON.

## State-by-state data availability and caveats

|symbol|meaning|
|:----:|:------|
|✅|have gathered data, no significant caveats|
|⚠️|have gathered data, but doesn't cover entire state or has other significant caveats|
|❌|precinct data not usable|

Note: One of the most common causes of precinct data being unusable is "countywide" tabulations. This occurs when a county reports, say, all of its absentee ballots together as a single row in its Excel download (instead of precinct-by-precinct); because we can't attribute those ballots to specific precincts, that means that _all_ precincts in the county will be missing an indeterminite number of votes, and therefore can't be reliably mapped. In these cases, we drop the entire county from our GeoJSON.

- [`AL`](https://www.sos.alabama.gov/alabama-votes/voter/election-data): ❌ absentee and provisional results are reported countywide
- [`AK`](https://www.elections.alaska.gov/results/20GENR/index.php): ❌ absentee, early, and provisional results are reported district-wide
- [`AZ`](https://azsos.gov/2020-election-information): ✅
- [`AR`](https://results.enr.clarityelections.com/AR/106124): ⚠️ we could not generate or procure precinct maps for Jefferson County or Phillips County
- [`CA`](https://statewidedatabase.org/d10/g20.html): ✅
- [`CO`](https://results.enr.clarityelections.com/CO/105975): ✅
- `CT`: ⚠️ township-level results rather than precinct-level results
- [`DE`](https://elections.delaware.gov/results/html/index.shtml?electionId=PR2020): ✅
- [`DC`](https://electionresults.dcboe.org/election_results/2020-General-Election): ✅
- [`FL`](https://dos.myflorida.com/elections/data-statistics/elections-data/precinct-level-election-results/): ✅
- [`GA`](https://results.enr.clarityelections.com/GA/105369): ✅
- [`HI`](https://elections.hawaii.gov/election-results/): ✅
- [`ID`](https://sos.idaho.gov/elections-division/election-results/): ⚠️ many counties report absentee votes countywide
- [`IL`](https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionOperations/ElectionVoteTotalsPrecinct.aspx?ID=8ehQy1Itjqo%3d&T=637465690113438072): ✅
- [`IN`](https://enr.indianavoters.in.gov/site/index.html): ⚠️ state publishes machine-readable precinct results for only about half of counties
- [`IA`](https://sos.iowa.gov/elections/results/precinctvotetotals2020general.html): ⚠️ Scott County does not provide machine-readable precinct-level data
- [`KS`](https://sos.ks.gov/elections/elections-statistics.html): ✅
- [`KY`](https://results.enr.clarityelections.com/KY/106379): ⚠️ only certain counties report results at the precinct level
- [`LA`](https://voterportal.sos.la.gov/graphical): ❌ early and provisional results are reported countywide
- `ME`: ⚠️ township-level results rather than precinct-level results
- [`MD`](https://elections.maryland.gov/elections/2020/election_data/index.html): ✅
- [`MA`](https://electionstats.state.ma.us/elections/view/140751/): ✅
- [`MI`](https://github.com/openelections/openelections-data-mi/tree/master/2020): ⚠️ data collection not yet complete
- [`MN`](https://www.sos.state.mn.us/elections-voting/election-results/2020/2020-general-election-results/2020-precinct-results-spreadsheet/): ✅
- [`MS`](https://www.sos.ms.gov/Elections-Voting/Pages/2020-General-Election.aspx): ✅
- [`MO`](https://github.com/openelections/openelections-sources-mo/blob/master/2020/general/Final%20Precinct%20data%202020%20-%20amendments%20on%20separate%20tab.xlsx): ⚠️ almost all counties report absentee votes countywide
- [`MT`](https://electionresults.mt.gov): ✅
- [`NE`](https://electionresults.nebraska.gov/resultsSW.aspx?text=Race&type=PRS&map=CTY): ✅
- [`NV`](https://www.nvsos.gov/sos/elections/election-information/precinct-level-results): ✅
- `NH`: ⚠️ township-level results rather than precinct-level results
- [`NJ`](https://www.nj.gov/state/elections/election-information-2020.shtml#general): ⚠️ township-level results rather than precinct-level results
- [`NM`](https://electionresults.sos.state.nm.us): ✅
- `NY`: ✅
- [`NC`](https://www.ncsbe.gov/results-data/election-results/historical-election-results-data#precinct-sorted): ✅
- [`ND`](https://results.sos.nd.gov/Default.aspx?map=Cty): ✅
- [`OH`](https://www.ohiosos.gov/elections/election-results-and-data/2020/): ✅
- [`OK`](https://results.okelections.us/OKER/?elecDate=20201103): ⚠️ Tulsa County and Oklahoma County report absentee ballots countywide
- [`OR`](https://github.com/openelections/openelections-data-or/tree/master/2020): ✅
- [`PA`](https://github.com/openelections/openelections-data-pa/tree/master/2020): ✅
- `RI`: ⚠️ township-level results rather than precinct-level results
- [`SC`](https://results.enr.clarityelections.com/SC/106502): ✅
- [`SD`](http://electionresults.sd.gov/resultsSW.aspx?type=SWR&map=CTY): ⚠️ three counties report absentee ballots countywide, and seven counties report all votes countywide
- [`TN`](https://sos.tn.gov/elections/results#2020): ⚠️ Davidson County reports absentee ballots countywide
- [`TX`](https://data.capitol.texas.gov/dataset/2020_general/resource/b7fe3d1b-fbb1-40c8-b4d2-b86462e0a740): ✅
- [`UT`](https://github.com/openelections/openelections-data-ut/tree/master/2020): ✅
- `VT`: ⚠️ township-level results rather than precinct-level results
- [`VA`](https://results.elections.virginia.gov/vaelections/2020%20November%20General/Site/Presidential.html): ❌ provisional and absentee votes are reported countywide
- [`WA`](https://results.vote.wa.gov/results/20201103/export.html): ✅
- [`WV`](https://results.enr.clarityelections.com/WV/106210): ✅
- [`WI`](https://elections.wi.gov/elections-voting/results/2020/fall-general): ✅
- [`WY`](https://sos.wyo.gov/Elections/Docs/2020/2020GeneralResults.aspx): ✅

## Credits

- [Alice Park](https://github.com/umalice) and [Miles Watkins](https://github.com/mileswwatkins) compiled the precinct results, manually joined them to the precinct boundries, and built the data processing pipeline
- [Derek Willis](https://github.com/dwillis) and [Open Elections](http://openelections.net) aggregated and extracted vote counts from PDFs in Michigan, Mississippi, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Utah, and provided raw data for Missouri
- [Benjamin Rosenblatt](https://twitter.com/BenJ_Rosenblatt) collected results and boundaries for New York State
- [The Voting and Election Science Team](http://www.electproject.org/home/precinct_data) collected results and boundaries for Kansas
- [Charlie Smart](https://www.nytimes.com/by/charlie-smart) provided geospatial technical support
- [Rachel Shorey](https://www.nytimes.com/by/rachel-shorey) and [Matthew Bloch](https://www.nytimes.com/by/matthew-bloch) calculated the precinct boundaries wherever official GIS files weren't available
- [Amanda Cox](https://www.nytimes.com/by/amanda-cox) and [Kevin Quealy](https://www.nytimes.com/by/kevin-quealy) provided editorial guidance
- Additional scraping work by Rachel Shorey, [Quoctrung Bui](https://www.nytimes.com/by/quoctrung-bui), [Thu Trinh](https://github.com/trinhathu), and [Ben Smithgall](https://github.com/bsmithgall)
- [Don Johnson](https://twitter.com/htmldon) provided assistance matching Tennessee's precinct boundaries