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\n \nAnimate.css v4 brought some breaking changes, please refer to the migration guide before updating from v3.x and under.
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\nAnimate.css is a library of ready-to-use, cross-browser animations for use in your web projects. Great for emphasis, home pages, sliders, and attention-guiding hints.
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\n Installation and Usage
\nInstalling
\nInstall with npm:
\n$ npm install animate.css --save\n
\nOr install with Yarn (this will only work with appropriate tooling like Webpack, Parcel, etc. If you are not using any tool for packing or bundling your code, you can simply use the CDN method below):
\n$ yarn add animate.css\n
\nImport it into your file:
\nimport 'animate.css';\n
\nOr add it directly to your webpage using a CDN:
\n<head>\n <link\n rel="stylesheet"\n href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/animate.css/4.1.1/animate.min.css"\n />\n</head>\n
\nBasic usage
\nAfter installing Animate.css, add the class animate__animated to an element, along with any of the animation names (don't forget the animate__ prefix!):
\n<h1 class="animate__animated animate__bounce">An animated element</h1>\n
\nThat's it! You've got a CSS animated element. Super!
\n\nAnimations can improve the UX of an interface, but keep in mind that they can also get in the way of your users! Please read the best practices and gotchas sections to bring your web-things to life in the best way possible.
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\nUsing @keyframes
\nEven though the library provides you a few helper classes like the animated class to get you up running quickly, you can directly use the provided animations keyframes. This provides a flexible way to use Animate.css with your current projects without having to refactor your HTML code.
\nExample:
\n.my-element {\n display: inline-block;\n margin: 0 0.5rem;\n\n animation: bounce; /* referring directly to the animation's @keyframe declaration */\n animation-duration: 2s; /* don't forget to set a duration! */\n}\n
\nBe aware that some animations are dependent on the animation-timing property set on the animation's class. Changing or not declaring it might lead to unexpected results.
\nCSS Custom Properties (CSS Variables)
\nSince version 4, Animate.css uses custom properties (also known as CSS variables) to define the animation's duration, delay, and iterations. This makes Animate.css very flexible and customizable. Need to change an animation duration? Just set a new value globally or locally.
\nExample:
\n/* This only changes this particular animation duration */\n.animate__animated.animate__bounce {\n --animate-duration: 2s;\n}\n\n/* This changes all the animations globally */\n:root {\n --animate-duration: 800ms;\n --animate-delay: 0.9s;\n}\n
\nCustom properties also make it easy to change all your animation's time-constrained properties on the fly. It means that you can have a slow-motion or time-lapse effect with a javascript one-liner:
\n// All animations will take twice the time to accomplish\ndocument.documentElement.style.setProperty('--animate-duration', '2s');\n\n// All animations will take half the time to accomplish\ndocument.documentElement.style.setProperty('--animate-duration', '.5s');\n
\nEven though some aging browsers do not support custom properties, Animate.css provides a proper fallback, widening its support for any browser that supports CSS animations.
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\n Utility Classes
\nAnimate.css comes packed with a few utility classes to simplify its use.
\nDelay classes
\nYou can add delays directly on the element's class attribute, just like this:
\n<div class="animate__animated animate__bounce animate__delay-2s">Example</div>\n
\nAnimate.css provides the following delays:
\n\n\n\n| Class name | \nDefault delay time | \n
\n\n\n\nanimate__delay-2s | \n2s | \n
\n\nanimate__delay-3s | \n3s | \n
\n\nanimate__delay-4s | \n4s | \n
\n\nanimate__delay-5s | \n5s | \n
\n\n
\nThe provided delays are from 1 to 5 seconds. You can customize them setting the --animate-delay property to a longer or a shorter duration:
\n/* All delay classes will take 2x longer to start */\n:root {\n --animate-delay: 2s;\n}\n\n/* All delay classes will take half the time to start */\n:root {\n --animate-delay: 0.5s;\n}\n
\nSlow, slower, fast, and Faster classes
\nYou can control the speed of the animation by adding these classes, as below:
\n<div class="animate__animated animate__bounce animate__faster">Example</div>\n
\n\n\n\n| Class name | \nDefault speed time | \n
\n\n\n\nanimate__slow | \n2s | \n
\n\nanimate__slower | \n3s | \n
\n\nanimate__fast | \n800ms | \n
\n\nanimate__faster | \n500ms | \n
\n\n
\nThe animate__animated class has a default speed of 1s. You can also customize the animations duration through the --animate-duration property, globally or locally. This will affect both the animations and the utility classes. Example:
\n/* All animations will take twice as long to finish */\n:root {\n --animate-duration: 2s;\n}\n\n/* Only this element will take half the time to finish */\n.my-element {\n --animate-duration: 0.5s;\n}\n
\nNotice that some animations have a duration of less than 1 second. As we used the CSS calc() function, setting the duration through the --animation-duration property will respect these ratios. So, when you change the global duration, all the animations will respond to that change!
\nRepeating classes
\nYou can control the iteration count of the animation by adding these classes, like below:
\n<div class="animate__animated animate__bounce animate__repeat-2">Example</div>\n
\n\n\n\n| Class Name | \nDefault iteration count | \n
\n\n\n\nanimate__repeat-1 | \n1 | \n
\n\nanimate__repeat-2 | \n2 | \n
\n\nanimate__repeat-3 | \n3 | \n
\n\nanimate__infinite | \ninfinite | \n
\n\n
\nAs with the delay and speed classes, the animate__repeat class is based on the --animate-repeat property and has a default iteration count of 1. You can customize them by setting the --animate-repeat property to a longer or a shorter value:
\n/* The element will repeat the animation 2x\n It's better to set this property locally and not globally or\n you might end up with a messy situation */\n.my-element {\n --animate-repeat: 2;\n}\n
\nNotice that animate__infinite doesn't use any custom property, and changes to --animate-repeat will have no effect. Don't forget to read the best practices section to make the best use of repeating animations.
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\n Best Practices
\nAnimations can greatly improve an interface's UX, but it's important to follow some guidelines to not overdo it and deteriorate the user experience on your web-things. Following the following rules should provide a good start.
\nMeaningful animations
\nYou should avoid animating an element just for the sake of it. Keep in mind that animations should make an intention clear. Animations like attention seekers (bounce, flash, pulse, etc) should be used to bring the user's attention to something special in your interface and not only as a way to bring "flashiness" to it.
\nEntrances and exit animations should be used to orientate what is happening in the interface, clearly signaling that it's transitioning into a new state.
\nIt doesn't mean that you should avoid adding playfulness to the interface, just be sure that the animations are not getting in the way of your user and that the page's performance is not affected by an exaggerated use of animations.
\nDon't animate large elements
\nAvoid it as it won't bring much value to the user and will probably only cause confusion. Besides that, there is a good chance that the animations will be junky, culminating in bad UX.
\nDon't animate root elements
\nAnimating the <html/> or <body/> tags is possible, but you should avoid it. There were some reports pointing out that this could trigger some weird browser bugs. Besides, making the whole page bounce would hardly provide good value to your UX. If you indeed need this sort of effect, wrap your page in an element and animate it, like this:
\n<body>\n <main class="animate__animated animate__fadeInLeft">\n <!-- Your code -->\n </main>\n</body>\n
\nInfinite animations should be avoided
\nEven though Animate.css provides utility classes for repeating animations, including an infinite one, you should avoid endless animations. It will just distract your users and might annoy a good slice of them. So, use it wisely!
\nMind the initial and final state of your elements
\nAll the Animate.css animations include a CSS property called animation-fill-mode, which controls the states of an element before and after animation. You can read more about it here. Animate.css defaults to animation-fill-mode: both, but you can change it to suit your needs.
\nDon't disable the prefers-reduced-motion media query
\nSince version 3.7.0 Animate.css supports the prefers-reduced-motion media query which disables animations based on the OS system's preference on supporting browsers (most current browsers support it). This is a critical accessibility feature and should never be disabled! This is built into browsers to help people with vestibular and seizure disorders. You can read more about it here. If your web-thing needs the animations to function, warn users, but don't disable the feature. You can do it easily with CSS only. Here's a simple example:
\n\n See the Pen \n Prefers-reduce-motion media query by Elton Mesquita (@eltonmesquita)\n on CodePen.\n
\n\nGotchas
\nYou can't animate inline elements
\nEven though some browsers can animate inline elements, this goes against the CSS animation specs and will break on some browsers or eventually cease to work. Always animate block or inline-block level elements (grid and flex containers and children are block-level elements too). You can set an element to display: inline-block when animating an inline-level element.
\nOverflow
\nMost of the Animate.css animations will move elements across the screen and might create scrollbars on your web-thing. This is manageable using the overflow: hidden property. There's no recipe to when and where to use it, but the basic idea is to use it in the parent holding the animated element. It's up to you to figure out when and how to use it, this guide can help you understand it.
\nIntervals between repeats
\nUnfortunately, this isn't possible with pure CSS right now. You have to use Javascript to achieve this result.
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\n Usage with Javascript
\nYou can do a whole bunch of other stuff with animate.css when you combine it with Javascript. A simple example:
\nconst element = document.querySelector('.my-element');\nelement.classList.add('animate__animated', 'animate__bounceOutLeft');\n
\nYou can detect when an animation ends:
\nconst element = document.querySelector('.my-element');\nelement.classList.add('animate__animated', 'animate__bounceOutLeft');\n\nelement.addEventListener('animationend', () => {\n // do something\n});\n
\nor change its duration:
\nconst element = document.querySelector('.my-element');\nelement.style.setProperty('--animate-duration', '0.5s');\n
\nYou can also use a simple function to add the animations classes and remove them automatically:
\nconst animateCSS = (element, animation, prefix = 'animate__') =>\n // We create a Promise and return it\n new Promise((resolve, reject) => {\n const animationName = `${prefix}${animation}`;\n const node = document.querySelector(element);\n\n node.classList.add(`${prefix}animated`, animationName);\n\n // When the animation ends, we clean the classes and resolve the Promise\n function handleAnimationEnd(event) {\n event.stopPropagation();\n node.classList.remove(`${prefix}animated`, animationName);\n resolve('Animation ended');\n }\n\n node.addEventListener('animationend', handleAnimationEnd, {once: true});\n });\n
\nAnd use it like this:
\nanimateCSS('.my-element', 'bounce');\n\n// or\nanimateCSS('.my-element', 'bounce').then((message) => {\n // Do something after the animation\n});\n
\nIf you had a hard time understanding the previous function, have a look at const, classList, arrow functions, and Promises.
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\n Migration from v3.x and Under
\nAnimate.css v4 brought some improvements, improved animations, and new animations, which makes it worth upgrading. However, it also comes with a breaking change: we have added a prefix for all of the Animate.css classes - defaulting to animate__ - so a direct migration is impossible.
\nBut fear not! Although the default build, animate.min.css, brings the animate__ prefix we also provide the animate.compat.css file which brings no prefix at all, like the previous versions (3.x and under).
\nIf you're using a bundler, update your import:
\nfrom:
\nimport 'animate.min.css';\n
\nto
\nimport 'animate.compat.css';\n
\nNotice that depending on your project's configuration, this might change a bit.
\nIn case of using a CDN, update the link in your HTML:
\nfrom:
\n<head>\n <link\n rel="stylesheet"\n href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/animate.css/3.7.2/animate.min.css"\n />\n</head>\n
\nto
\n<head>\n <link\n rel="stylesheet"\n href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/animate.css/4.0.0/animate.compat.css"\n />\n</head>\n
\nIn the case of a new project, it's highly recommended to use the default prefixed version as it'll make sure that you'll hardly have classes conflicting with your project. Besides, in later versions, we might decide to discontinue the animate.compat.css file.
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\n Custom Builds
\nCustom builds are not possible from a node_modules folder as we don't ship the building tools in the npm module.
\nAnimate.css is powered by npm, postcss + postcss-preset-env, which means you can create custom builds pretty easily, using future CSS with proper fallbacks.
\nFirst of all, you’ll need Node and all other dependencies:
\n$ git clone https://github.com/animate-css/animate.css.git\n$ cd animate.css\n$ npm install\n
\nNext, run npm start to compile your custom build. Three files will be generated:
\n\nanimate.css: raw build, easy to read and without any optimizationanimate.min.css: minified build ready for productionanimate.compat.css: minified build ready for production without class prefix. This should only be used as an easy path for migrations.
\nFor example, if you'll only use some of the “attention seekers” animations, simply edit the ./source/animate.css file, delete every @import and the ones you want to use.
\n@import 'attention_seekers/bounce.css';\n@import 'attention_seekers/flash.css';\n@import 'attention_seekers/pulse.css';\n@import 'attention_seekers/rubberBand.css';\n@import 'attention_seekers/shake.css';\n@import 'attention_seekers/headShake.css';\n@import 'attention_seekers/swing.css';\n@import 'attention_seekers/tada.css';\n@import 'attention_seekers/wobble.css';\n@import 'attention_seekers/jello.css';\n@import 'attention_seekers/heartBeat.css';\n
\nNow, just run npm start and your highly optimized build will be generated at the root of the project.
\nChanging the default prefix
\nIt's pretty straight forward to change animate's prefix on your custom build. Change the animateConfig's prefix property in the package.json file and rebuild the library with npm start:
\n/* on Animate.css package.json */\n"animateConfig": {\n "prefix": "myCustomPrefix__"\n},\n
\nthen:
\n$ npm start\n
\nEasy peasy!
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\n Accessibility
\nAnimate.css supports the prefers-reduced-motion media query so that users with motion sensitivity can opt out of animations. On supported platforms (currently all the major browsers and OS, including mobile), users can select "reduce motion" on their operating system preferences, and it will turn off CSS transitions for them without any further work required.
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\n License and Contributing
\nAnimate.css is licensed under the Hippocratic License.
\nContributing
\nPull requests are the way to go here. We only have two rules for submitting a pull request: match the naming convention (camelCase, categorized [fades, bounces, etc.]) and let us see a demo of submitted animations in a pen. That last one is important.
\nCode of Conduct
\nThis project and everyone participating in it is governed by the Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct. By participating, you are expected to uphold this code. Please report unacceptable behavior to animate@eltonmesquita.com.
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