\n \n\n\n\n"
},
{
"path": "README.md",
"content": " OOOOOOOO \n O OO O OO O \n OO OO O O O OO OO \n O OO O O O OO O \n O OO O OO O \n OO OO O OO OO \n O OO OO OO O \n OO OO OO OO OO \n O OO OO O \n OOOOOOOO OO OO OOOOOOOO \n\n\n# Smashing Ethereum Smart Contracts for Fun and Real Profit\n\nWriteups, presentations and supplemental material around smart contract security.\n\nConference material from [HITBSecConf 2018](https://conference.hitb.org/hitbsecconf2018ams/):\n\n- [Conference paper](smashing-smart-contracts-1of1.pdf)\n- [Presentation video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqf6epACgds)\n\nAnd the followup from [DEF CON 27](https://www.defcon.org/html/defcon-27/) (with Daniel Luca):\n\n- [Conference paper](DEFCON27-EVM-Smart-Contracts-Mueller-Luca.pdf)\n- [Presentation slides](DEFCON27_EVM_Slides_Mueller_Luca.pdf)\n"
},
{
"path": "contracts/WalletLibrary.sol",
"content": "//sol Wallet\n// Multi-sig, daily-limited account proxy/wallet.\n// @authors:\n// Gav Wood \n// inheritable \"property\" contract that enables methods to be protected by requiring the acquiescence of either a\n// single, or, crucially, each of a number of, designated owners.\n// usage:\n// use modifiers onlyowner (just own owned) or onlymanyowners(hash), whereby the same hash must be provided by\n// some number (specified in constructor) of the set of owners (specified in the constructor, modifiable) before the\n// interior is executed.\n\npragma solidity ^0.4.9;\n\ncontract WalletEvents {\n // EVENTS\n\n // this contract only has six types of events: it can accept a confirmation, in which case\n // we record owner and operation (hash) alongside it.\n event Confirmation(address owner, bytes32 operation);\n event Revoke(address owner, bytes32 operation);\n\n // some others are in the case of an owner changing.\n event OwnerChanged(address oldOwner, address newOwner);\n event OwnerAdded(address newOwner);\n event OwnerRemoved(address oldOwner);\n\n // the last one is emitted if the required signatures change\n event RequirementChanged(uint newRequirement);\n\n // Funds has arrived into the wallet (record how much).\n event Deposit(address _from, uint value);\n // Single transaction going out of the wallet (record who signed for it, how much, and to whom it's going).\n event SingleTransact(address owner, uint value, address to, bytes data, address created);\n // Multi-sig transaction going out of the wallet (record who signed for it last, the operation hash, how much, and to whom it's going).\n event MultiTransact(address owner, bytes32 operation, uint value, address to, bytes data, address created);\n // Confirmation still needed for a transaction.\n event ConfirmationNeeded(bytes32 operation, address initiator, uint value, address to, bytes data);\n}\n\ncontract WalletAbi {\n // Revokes a prior confirmation of the given operation\n function revoke(bytes32 _operation) external;\n\n // Replaces an owner `_from` with another `_to`.\n function changeOwner(address _from, address _to) external;\n\n function addOwner(address _owner) external;\n\n function removeOwner(address _owner) external;\n\n function changeRequirement(uint _newRequired) external;\n\n function isOwner(address _addr) constant returns (bool);\n\n function hasConfirmed(bytes32 _operation, address _owner) external constant returns (bool);\n\n // (re)sets the daily limit. needs many of the owners to confirm. doesn't alter the amount already spent today.\n function setDailyLimit(uint _newLimit) external;\n\n function execute(address _to, uint _value, bytes _data) external returns (bytes32 o_hash);\n function confirm(bytes32 _h) returns (bool o_success);\n}\n\ncontract WalletLibrary is WalletEvents {\n // TYPES\n\n // struct for the status of a pending operation.\n struct PendingState {\n uint yetNeeded;\n uint ownersDone;\n uint index;\n }\n\n // Transaction structure to remember details of transaction lest it need be saved for a later call.\n struct Transaction {\n address to;\n uint value;\n bytes data;\n }\n\n // MODIFIERS\n\n // simple single-sig function modifier.\n modifier onlyowner {\n if (isOwner(msg.sender))\n _;\n }\n // multi-sig function modifier: the operation must have an intrinsic hash in order\n // that later attempts can be realised as the same underlying operation and\n // thus count as confirmations.\n modifier onlymanyowners(bytes32 _operation) {\n if (confirmAndCheck(_operation))\n _;\n }\n\n // METHODS\n\n // gets called when no other function matches\n function() payable {\n // just being sent some cash?\n if (msg.value > 0)\n Deposit(msg.sender, msg.value);\n }\n\n // constructor is given number of sigs required to do protected \"onlymanyowners\" transactions\n // as well as the selection of addresses capable of confirming them.\n function initMultiowned(address[] _owners, uint _required) only_uninitialized {\n m_numOwners = _owners.length + 1;\n m_owners[1] = uint(msg.sender);\n m_ownerIndex[uint(msg.sender)] = 1;\n for (uint i = 0; i < _owners.length; ++i)\n {\n m_owners[2 + i] = uint(_owners[i]);\n m_ownerIndex[uint(_owners[i])] = 2 + i;\n }\n m_required = _required;\n }\n\n // Revokes a prior confirmation of the given operation\n function revoke(bytes32 _operation) external {\n uint ownerIndex = m_ownerIndex[uint(msg.sender)];\n // make sure they're an owner\n if (ownerIndex == 0) return;\n uint ownerIndexBit = 2**ownerIndex;\n var pending = m_pending[_operation];\n if (pending.ownersDone & ownerIndexBit > 0) {\n pending.yetNeeded++;\n pending.ownersDone -= ownerIndexBit;\n Revoke(msg.sender, _operation);\n }\n }\n\n // Replaces an owner `_from` with another `_to`.\n function changeOwner(address _from, address _to) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data)) external {\n if (isOwner(_to)) return;\n uint ownerIndex = m_ownerIndex[uint(_from)];\n if (ownerIndex == 0) return;\n\n clearPending();\n m_owners[ownerIndex] = uint(_to);\n m_ownerIndex[uint(_from)] = 0;\n m_ownerIndex[uint(_to)] = ownerIndex;\n OwnerChanged(_from, _to);\n }\n\n function addOwner(address _owner) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data)) external {\n if (isOwner(_owner)) return;\n\n clearPending();\n if (m_numOwners >= c_maxOwners)\n reorganizeOwners();\n if (m_numOwners >= c_maxOwners)\n return;\n m_numOwners++;\n m_owners[m_numOwners] = uint(_owner);\n m_ownerIndex[uint(_owner)] = m_numOwners;\n OwnerAdded(_owner);\n }\n\n function removeOwner(address _owner) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data)) external {\n uint ownerIndex = m_ownerIndex[uint(_owner)];\n if (ownerIndex == 0) return;\n if (m_required > m_numOwners - 1) return;\n\n m_owners[ownerIndex] = 0;\n m_ownerIndex[uint(_owner)] = 0;\n clearPending();\n reorganizeOwners(); //make sure m_numOwner is equal to the number of owners and always points to the optimal free slot\n OwnerRemoved(_owner);\n }\n\n function changeRequirement(uint _newRequired) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data)) external {\n if (_newRequired > m_numOwners) return;\n m_required = _newRequired;\n clearPending();\n RequirementChanged(_newRequired);\n }\n\n // Gets an owner by 0-indexed position (using numOwners as the count)\n function getOwner(uint ownerIndex) external constant returns (address) {\n return address(m_owners[ownerIndex + 1]);\n }\n\n function isOwner(address _addr) constant returns (bool) {\n return m_ownerIndex[uint(_addr)] > 0;\n }\n\n function hasConfirmed(bytes32 _operation, address _owner) external constant returns (bool) {\n var pending = m_pending[_operation];\n uint ownerIndex = m_ownerIndex[uint(_owner)];\n\n // make sure they're an owner\n if (ownerIndex == 0) return false;\n\n // determine the bit to set for this owner.\n uint ownerIndexBit = 2**ownerIndex;\n return !(pending.ownersDone & ownerIndexBit == 0);\n }\n\n // constructor - stores initial daily limit and records the present day's index.\n function initDaylimit(uint _limit) only_uninitialized {\n m_dailyLimit = _limit;\n m_lastDay = today();\n }\n // (re)sets the daily limit. needs many of the owners to confirm. doesn't alter the amount already spent today.\n function setDailyLimit(uint _newLimit) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data)) external {\n m_dailyLimit = _newLimit;\n }\n // resets the amount already spent today. needs many of the owners to confirm.\n function resetSpentToday() onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data)) external {\n m_spentToday = 0;\n }\n\n // throw unless the contract is not yet initialized.\n modifier only_uninitialized { if (m_numOwners > 0) throw; _; }\n\n // constructor - just pass on the owner array to the multiowned and\n // the limit to daylimit\n function initWallet(address[] _owners, uint _required, uint _daylimit) only_uninitialized {\n initDaylimit(_daylimit);\n initMultiowned(_owners, _required);\n }\n\n // kills the contract sending everything to `_to`.\n function kill(address _to) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data)) external {\n suicide(_to);\n }\n\n // Outside-visible transact entry point. Executes transaction immediately if below daily spend limit.\n // If not, goes into multisig process. We provide a hash on return to allow the sender to provide\n // shortcuts for the other confirmations (allowing them to avoid replicating the _to, _value\n // and _data arguments). They still get the option of using them if they want, anyways.\n function execute(address _to, uint _value, bytes _data) external onlyowner returns (bytes32 o_hash) {\n // first, take the opportunity to check that we're under the daily limit.\n if ((_data.length == 0 && underLimit(_value)) || m_required == 1) {\n // yes - just execute the call.\n address created;\n if (_to == 0) {\n created = create(_value, _data);\n } else {\n if (!_to.call.value(_value)(_data))\n throw;\n }\n SingleTransact(msg.sender, _value, _to, _data, created);\n } else {\n // determine our operation hash.\n o_hash = sha3(msg.data, block.number);\n // store if it's new\n if (m_txs[o_hash].to == 0 && m_txs[o_hash].value == 0 && m_txs[o_hash].data.length == 0) {\n m_txs[o_hash].to = _to;\n m_txs[o_hash].value = _value;\n m_txs[o_hash].data = _data;\n }\n if (!confirm(o_hash)) {\n ConfirmationNeeded(o_hash, msg.sender, _value, _to, _data);\n }\n }\n }\n\n function create(uint _value, bytes _code) internal returns (address o_addr) {\n assembly {\n o_addr := create(_value, add(_code, 0x20), mload(_code))\n jumpi(0xdeadbeef, iszero(extcodesize(o_addr)))\n }\n }\n\n // confirm a transaction through just the hash. we use the previous transactions map, m_txs, in order\n // to determine the body of the transaction from the hash provided.\n function confirm(bytes32 _h) onlymanyowners(_h) returns (bool o_success) {\n if (m_txs[_h].to != 0 || m_txs[_h].value != 0 || m_txs[_h].data.length != 0) {\n address created;\n if (m_txs[_h].to == 0) {\n created = create(m_txs[_h].value, m_txs[_h].data);\n } else {\n if (!m_txs[_h].to.call.value(m_txs[_h].value)(m_txs[_h].data))\n throw;\n }\n\n MultiTransact(msg.sender, _h, m_txs[_h].value, m_txs[_h].to, m_txs[_h].data, created);\n delete m_txs[_h];\n return true;\n }\n }\n\n // INTERNAL METHODS\n\n function confirmAndCheck(bytes32 _operation) internal returns (bool) {\n // determine what index the present sender is:\n uint ownerIndex = m_ownerIndex[uint(msg.sender)];\n // make sure they're an owner\n if (ownerIndex == 0) return;\n\n var pending = m_pending[_operation];\n // if we're not yet working on this operation, switch over and reset the confirmation status.\n if (pending.yetNeeded == 0) {\n // reset count of confirmations needed.\n pending.yetNeeded = m_required;\n // reset which owners have confirmed (none) - set our bitmap to 0.\n pending.ownersDone = 0;\n pending.index = m_pendingIndex.length++;\n m_pendingIndex[pending.index] = _operation;\n }\n // determine the bit to set for this owner.\n uint ownerIndexBit = 2**ownerIndex;\n // make sure we (the message sender) haven't confirmed this operation previously.\n if (pending.ownersDone & ownerIndexBit == 0) {\n Confirmation(msg.sender, _operation);\n // ok - check if count is enough to go ahead.\n if (pending.yetNeeded <= 1) {\n // enough confirmations: reset and run interior.\n delete m_pendingIndex[m_pending[_operation].index];\n delete m_pending[_operation];\n return true;\n }\n else\n {\n // not enough: record that this owner in particular confirmed.\n pending.yetNeeded--;\n pending.ownersDone |= ownerIndexBit;\n }\n }\n }\n\n function reorganizeOwners() private {\n uint free = 1;\n while (free < m_numOwners)\n {\n while (free < m_numOwners && m_owners[free] != 0) free++;\n while (m_numOwners > 1 && m_owners[m_numOwners] == 0) m_numOwners--;\n if (free < m_numOwners && m_owners[m_numOwners] != 0 && m_owners[free] == 0)\n {\n m_owners[free] = m_owners[m_numOwners];\n m_ownerIndex[m_owners[free]] = free;\n m_owners[m_numOwners] = 0;\n }\n }\n }\n\n // checks to see if there is at least `_value` left from the daily limit today. if there is, subtracts it and\n // returns true. otherwise just returns false.\n function underLimit(uint _value) internal onlyowner returns (bool) {\n // reset the spend limit if we're on a different day to last time.\n if (today() > m_lastDay) {\n m_spentToday = 0;\n m_lastDay = today();\n }\n // check to see if there's enough left - if so, subtract and return true.\n // overflow protection // dailyLimit check\n if (m_spentToday + _value >= m_spentToday && m_spentToday + _value <= m_dailyLimit) {\n m_spentToday += _value;\n return true;\n }\n return false;\n }\n\n // determines today's index.\n function today() private constant returns (uint) { return now / 1 days; }\n\n function clearPending() internal {\n uint length = m_pendingIndex.length;\n\n for (uint i = 0; i < length; ++i) {\n delete m_txs[m_pendingIndex[i]];\n\n if (m_pendingIndex[i] != 0)\n delete m_pending[m_pendingIndex[i]];\n }\n\n delete m_pendingIndex;\n }\n\n // FIELDS\n address constant _walletLibrary = 0xcafecafecafecafecafecafecafecafecafecafe;\n\n // the number of owners that must confirm the same operation before it is run.\n uint public m_required;\n // pointer used to find a free slot in m_owners\n uint public m_numOwners;\n\n uint public m_dailyLimit;\n uint public m_spentToday;\n uint public m_lastDay;\n\n // list of owners\n uint[256] m_owners;\n\n uint constant c_maxOwners = 250;\n // index on the list of owners to allow reverse lookup\n mapping(uint => uint) m_ownerIndex;\n // the ongoing operations.\n mapping(bytes32 => PendingState) m_pending;\n bytes32[] m_pendingIndex;\n\n // pending transactions we have at present.\n mapping (bytes32 => Transaction) m_txs;\n}\n"
},
{
"path": "contracts/assertions.sol",
"content": "contract Assertions {\n \n function assertion1(uint256 input) {\n assert(input * 4 < 1024);\n }\n \n function assertion2(uint256 input) {\n if (input > 256) {\n throw;\n }\n \n assert(input * 4 <= 1024); \n }\n \n}"
},
{
"path": "contracts/reentrance.sol",
"content": "pragma solidity ^0.4.18;\n\n/*\nThis is level 10 of the Zeppelin Ethernaut challenge.\nThe original code is available at:\nhttps://ethernaut.zeppelin.solutions/level/0xf70706db003e94cfe4b5e27ffd891d5c81b39488\n*/\n\ncontract Reentrance {\n\n mapping(address => uint) public balances;\n\n function donate(address _to) public payable {\n balances[_to] += msg.value;\n }\n\n function balanceOf(address _who) public constant returns (uint balance) {\n return balances[_who];\n }\n\n function withdraw(uint _amount) public {\n if(balances[msg.sender] >= _amount) {\n if(msg.sender.call.value(_amount)()) {\n _amount;\n }\n balances[msg.sender] -= _amount;\n }\n }\n\n function() payable {}\n}"
},
{
"path": "contracts/rubixi.sol",
"content": "contract Rubixi {\n\n //Declare variables for storage critical to contract\n uint private balance = 0;\n uint private collectedFees = 0;\n uint private feePercent = 10;\n uint private pyramidMultiplier = 300;\n uint private payoutOrder = 0;\n\n address private creator;\n\n //Sets creator\n function DynamicPyramid() {\n creator = msg.sender;\n }\n\n modifier onlyowner {\n if (msg.sender == creator) _;\n }\n\n struct Participant {\n address etherAddress;\n uint payout;\n }\n\n Participant[] private participants;\n\n //Fallback function\n function() {\n init();\n }\n\n //init function run on fallback\n function init() private {\n //Ensures only tx with value of 1 ether or greater are processed and added to pyramid\n if (msg.value < 1 ether) {\n collectedFees += msg.value;\n return;\n }\n\n uint _fee = feePercent;\n //50% fee rebate on any ether value of 50 or greater\n if (msg.value >= 50 ether) _fee /= 2;\n\n addPayout(_fee);\n }\n\n //Function called for valid tx to the contract \n function addPayout(uint _fee) private {\n //Adds new address to participant array\n participants.push(Participant(msg.sender, (msg.value * pyramidMultiplier) / 100));\n\n //These statements ensure a quicker payout system to later pyramid entrants, so the pyramid has a longer lifespan\n if (participants.length == 10) pyramidMultiplier = 200;\n else if (participants.length == 25) pyramidMultiplier = 150;\n\n // collect fees and update contract balance\n balance += (msg.value * (100 - _fee)) / 100;\n collectedFees += (msg.value * _fee) / 100;\n\n //Pays earlier participiants if balance sufficient\n while (balance > participants[payoutOrder].payout) {\n uint payoutToSend = participants[payoutOrder].payout;\n participants[payoutOrder].etherAddress.send(payoutToSend);\n\n balance -= participants[payoutOrder].payout;\n payoutOrder += 1;\n }\n }\n\n //Fee functions for creator\n function collectAllFees() onlyowner {\n if (collectedFees == 0) throw;\n\n creator.send(collectedFees);\n collectedFees = 0;\n }\n\n function collectFeesInEther(uint _amt) onlyowner {\n _amt *= 1 ether;\n if (_amt > collectedFees) collectAllFees();\n\n if (collectedFees == 0) throw;\n\n creator.send(_amt);\n collectedFees -= _amt;\n }\n\n function collectPercentOfFees(uint _pcent) onlyowner {\n if (collectedFees == 0 || _pcent > 100) throw;\n\n uint feesToCollect = collectedFees / 100 * _pcent;\n creator.send(feesToCollect);\n collectedFees -= feesToCollect;\n }\n\n //Functions for changing variables related to the contract\n function changeOwner(address _owner) onlyowner {\n creator = _owner;\n }\n\n function changeMultiplier(uint _mult) onlyowner {\n if (_mult > 300 || _mult < 120) throw;\n\n pyramidMultiplier = _mult;\n }\n\n function changeFeePercentage(uint _fee) onlyowner {\n if (_fee > 10) throw;\n\n feePercent = _fee;\n }\n\n //Functions to provide information to end-user using JSON interface or other interfaces\n function currentMultiplier() constant returns(uint multiplier, string info) {\n multiplier = pyramidMultiplier;\n info = 'This multiplier applies to you as soon as transaction is received, may be lowered to hasten payouts or increased if payouts are fast enough. Due to no float or decimals, multiplier is x100 for a fractional multiplier e.g. 250 is actually a 2.5x multiplier. Capped at 3x max and 1.2x min.';\n }\n\n function currentFeePercentage() constant returns(uint fee, string info) {\n fee = feePercent;\n info = 'Shown in % form. Fee is halved(50%) for amounts equal or greater than 50 ethers. (Fee may change, but is capped to a maximum of 10%)';\n }\n\n function currentPyramidBalanceApproximately() constant returns(uint pyramidBalance, string info) {\n pyramidBalance = balance / 1 ether;\n info = 'All balance values are measured in Ethers, note that due to no decimal placing, these values show up as integers only, within the contract itself you will get the exact decimal value you are supposed to';\n }\n\n function nextPayoutWhenPyramidBalanceTotalsApproximately() constant returns(uint balancePayout) {\n balancePayout = participants[payoutOrder].payout / 1 ether;\n }\n\n function feesSeperateFromBalanceApproximately() constant returns(uint fees) {\n fees = collectedFees / 1 ether;\n }\n\n function totalParticipants() constant returns(uint count) {\n count = participants.length;\n }\n\n function numberOfParticipantsWaitingForPayout() constant returns(uint count) {\n count = participants.length - payoutOrder;\n }\n\n function participantDetails(uint orderInPyramid) constant returns(address Address, uint Payout) {\n if (orderInPyramid <= participants.length) {\n Address = participants[orderInPyramid].etherAddress;\n Payout = participants[orderInPyramid].payout / 1 ether;\n }\n }\n}"
},
{
"path": "contracts/symvars.sol",
"content": "contract SymVars {\n \n function addTo(uint number) returns (uint) {\n var a = 1;\n var b = a + number;\n \n return b;\n \n }\n\n}\n\n"
},
{
"path": "contracts/uitwerpselentoken.sol",
"content": "pragma solidity ^0.4.13;\n\n// UitwerpselenToken: The multi-user wallet with a twist!\n// Do NOT use this in production!\n\n// UitwerpselenToken is based on MerdeToken by Doug Hoyte:\n// https://github.com/Arachnid/uscc/tree/master/submissions-2017/doughoyte\n\ncontract UitwerpselenToken {\n address public owner;\n address public manager;\n\n function UitwerpselenToken(address _manager) {\n owner = msg.sender;\n manager = _manager;\n }\n\n modifier onlyOwner {\n require(msg.sender == owner);\n _;\n }\n\n modifier onlyManager {\n require(msg.sender == manager);\n _;\n }\n\n mapping (address => uint) public balanceOf;\n uint public deposited;\n\n function deposit() payable {\n require(deposited + msg.value > deposited);\n require(balanceOf[msg.sender] + msg.value > balanceOf[msg.sender]); \n balanceOf[msg.sender] += msg.value;\n deposited += msg.value;\n }\n\n function balanceOf(address owner) constant returns (uint balance) {\n return balanceOf[owner];\n }\n\n function transfer(address to, uint value) {\n require(balanceOf[msg.sender] >= value);\n require(balanceOf[to] + value > balanceOf[to]);\n balanceOf[msg.sender] -= value;\n balanceOf[to] += value;\n }\n\n function withdraw(uint amount) onlyOwner {\n require(amount <= deposited);\n deposited -= amount;\n msg.sender.transfer(amount);\n }\n\n uint[] public bonusCodes;\n\n function pushBonusCode(uint code) onlyManager {\n bonusCodes.push(code);\n }\n\n function popBonusCode() onlyManager {\n require(bonusCodes.length >= 0);\n bonusCodes.length--;\n }\n\n function modifyBonusCode(uint index, uint update) onlyManager {\n require(index < bonusCodes.length);\n bonusCodes[index] = update;\n }\n}\n\n"
}
]