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Repository: jhclark/multeval
Branch: master
Commit: bd93ed16197a
Files: 83
Total size: 17.3 MB

Directory structure:
gitextract_4ulgp18g/

├── .classpath
├── .gitignore
├── .project
├── .travis.yml
├── CHANGELOG
├── LICENSE.txt
├── README.md
├── build.xml
├── constants
├── dist.sh
├── example/
│ ├── cdec.kbest
│ ├── cdec.ref1
│ ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.baseline.opt0
│ ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.baseline.opt1
│ ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.baseline.opt2
│ ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.sys1.opt0
│ ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.sys1.opt1
│ ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.sys1.opt2
│ ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.sys2.opt0
│ ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.sys2.opt1
│ ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.sys2.opt2
│ └── refs.test2010.lc.tok.en.0
├── get_deps.sh
├── lib/
│ ├── guava-11.0.jar
│ ├── jannopts.jar
│ └── tercom-0.8.0.jar
├── multeval.sh
├── reg-test/
│ ├── LICENCES
│ ├── hyps.baseline.opt0.bleu.gold
│ ├── hyps.baseline.opt0.meteor.gold
│ ├── hyps.baseline.opt0.ter.gold
│ ├── mteval-v13m.pl
│ ├── multi-bleu.perl
│ ├── reg-test.sh
│ ├── set1/
│ │ ├── set1.out.0
│ │ ├── set1.out.1
│ │ ├── set1.out.2
│ │ ├── set1.out.3
│ │ ├── set1.ref0
│ │ ├── set1.ref1
│ │ ├── set1.ref2
│ │ └── set1.ref3
│ ├── set2/
│ │ ├── set2.out.0
│ │ └── set2.ref0
│ └── write-sgm.py
└── src/
├── jbleu/
│ ├── JBLEU.java
│ └── util/
│ ├── HashUtil.java
│ ├── Ngram.java
│ └── TrieCursor.java
└── multeval/
├── HypothesisManager.java
├── Module.java
├── MultEval.java
├── MultEvalModule.java
├── NbestEntry.java
├── NbestModule.java
├── ResultsManager.java
├── SuffStatManager.java
├── analysis/
│ ├── DiffRanker.java
│ └── SentFormatter.java
├── metrics/
│ ├── BLEU.java
│ ├── IntStats.java
│ ├── Length.java
│ ├── METEOR.java
│ ├── METEORStats.java
│ ├── Metric.java
│ ├── SuffStats.java
│ └── TER.java
├── output/
│ ├── AsciiTable.java
│ └── LatexTable.java
├── parallel/
│ ├── MetricWorkerPool.java
│ ├── SynchronizedBufferedReader.java
│ └── SynchronizedPrintStream.java
├── significance/
│ ├── BootstrapResampler.java
│ └── StratifiedApproximateRandomizationTest.java
└── util/
├── ArrayUtils.java
├── CollectionUtils.java
├── FileUtils.java
├── LibUtil.java
├── MathUtils.java
├── StringUtils.java
├── SuffStatUtils.java
├── Triple.java
└── Tuple4.java

================================================
FILE CONTENTS
================================================

================================================
FILE: .classpath
================================================
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<classpath>
<classpathentry kind="src" path="src"/>
<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JRE_CONTAINER"/>
<classpathentry kind="lib" path="lib/jannopts.jar"/>
<classpathentry kind="lib" path="lib/meteor-1.3/meteor-1.3.jar"/>
<classpathentry kind="lib" path="lib/tercom-0.8.0.jar"/>
<classpathentry kind="lib" path="lib/guava-11.0.jar"/>
<classpathentry kind="output" path="bin"/>
</classpath>

================================================
FILE: .gitignore
================================================
*~
*.bak
bin

================================================
FILE: .project
================================================
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<projectDescription>
<name>multeval</name>
<comment></comment>
<projects>
</projects>
<buildSpec>
<buildCommand>
<name>org.eclipse.jdt.core.javabuilder</name>
<arguments>
</arguments>
</buildCommand>
</buildSpec>
<natures>
<nature>org.eclipse.jdt.core.javanature</nature>
</natures>
</projectDescription>

================================================
FILE: .travis.yml
================================================
language: java
jdk:
- oraclejdk7
- openjdk7
- openjdk6
before_script:
- free -m
- ./get_deps.sh
- sudo apt-get install cpanminus
- sudo cpanm XML::Twig
script: ant
after_script:
- ./reg-test/reg-test.sh

================================================
FILE: CHANGELOG
================================================
V0.5.1 - Jan 24, 2012
* N-best list module now normalizes extra space in hypotheses
* Single optimizer runs no longer cause a NaN in the output table -- instead we print a warning message

V0.5.0 - 11/29/2012
* Bug fix for BLEU implementation affecting only multiple reference translations (see below)
IMPORTANT: Scores from MultEval BLEU 0.5.0 are *NOT* comparable to previous versions.
Please score all of your experiments with a consistent version of all metrics.
NOTE: Jon rescored several results using the fixed version of BLEU and the differences
between systems remained virtually unchanged despite the magnitudes of the scores changing.
* Added Travis CI regression tests (see https://travis-ci.org/jhclark/multeval)
* Added ability to produce sentence-level scores via the --sentLevelDir option
* More verbose output for BLEU

Examples of BLEU bug fix's effects on an Arabic-English 4 reference :
=============== V0.4.3 ======================= ||| =============== V0.5.0 ============== ||| === Comparison ==
Set | Baseline | Experimental | Improvement ||| Baseline | Experimental | Improvement ||| Improvement Delta
MT08nw | 47.8 | 47.8 | +/- ||| 48.3 | 48.4 | +/- ||| 0
MT08wb | 30.5 | 31.0 | +0.5 ||| 31.2 | 31.5 | +0.3 ||| 0.2
MT09nw | 51.6 | 51.5 | +/- ||| 53.2 | 53.1 | +/- ||| 0
MT09wb | 31.6 | 32.3 | +0.7 ||| 33.5 | 34.1 | +0.6 ||| 0.1

This same trend also held in several Chinese-English experiments with multiple
references -- absolute scores increased while relative differences remained nearly identical.

V0.4.3 - 8/27/2012
* Upgraded to Meteor 1.4 (also released 8/27/2012)
- Note: This change only affects previously unsupported languages by enabling new stemmers

V0.4.2 - 12/3/2012
* Fixed bug in n-best scoring that caused oracle *submetrics* such as precision and recall (not main BLEU, TER, METEOR, etc. scores) to be reported incorrectly for oracle hypotheses
* Multi-threaded bootstrap resampling and approximate randomization significance tests (large time savings for many systems with many optimization runs)
* Updated to Guava V11

Some timing results on 32 threads vs 4 threads vs 1 using the recent multi-threading improvements on the 3 example systems with 3 optimizer runs each:
32 / 4 / 1
Load METEOR 41.5s / 25.5s / 25.5s
Collect Sufficient Stats 14.8s / 32.7s / 86.7s
Bootstrap Resampling 35.2s / 70.9s / 189s
Approximate Randomization 19.4s / 122s / 336s
TOTAL 1m 54s / 4m 13s / 10m 39s

V0.4.1 - 12/30/2011
* Fix sizing bug reported by John DeNero, which caused MultEval to crash
* Removed "static" keyword from several places within the TER library to make it more amenable to multi-threading

V0.4 - 12/30/2011
* Multi-thread sufficient stats computation where possible (multi-threading of bootstrap resampling and approximate randomization are still on the to-do list)
* Include constants file in distribution
* A few other small optimizations
* Include example n-best list

V0.3 - 8/10/2011
* Use Meteor 1.3
* Better reporting of metric descriptions in Latex table
* Ability to find oracle-worst hypotheses from n-best list
* Better incremental status when processing n-best lists

V0.2 - 6/29/2011
* Use more aggressive shuffling algorithm for approximate randomization for better p-values in corner cases
* Dump prettier ASCII table upon completion

V0.1 - 6/21/2011
* Initial Release

================================================
FILE: LICENSE.txt
================================================
MultEval and jBLEU are licensed under the Mozilla Public License Version 2.0
(see below)

Meteor (lib/meteor-1.4, downloaded on first run) and TER (lib/tercom-0.8.0.jar)
are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License, version 2.1
(https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt)

Mozilla Public License Version 2.0
==================================

1. Definitions
--------------

1.1. "Contributor"
means each individual or legal entity that creates, contributes to
the creation of, or owns Covered Software.

1.2. "Contributor Version"
means the combination of the Contributions of others (if any) used
by a Contributor and that particular Contributor's Contribution.

1.3. "Contribution"
means Covered Software of a particular Contributor.

1.4. "Covered Software"
means Source Code Form to which the initial Contributor has attached
the notice in Exhibit A, the Executable Form of such Source Code
Form, and Modifications of such Source Code Form, in each case
including portions thereof.

1.5. "Incompatible With Secondary Licenses"
means

(a) that the initial Contributor has attached the notice described
in Exhibit B to the Covered Software; or

(b) that the Covered Software was made available under the terms of
version 1.1 or earlier of the License, but not also under the
terms of a Secondary License.

1.6. "Executable Form"
means any form of the work other than Source Code Form.

1.7. "Larger Work"
means a work that combines Covered Software with other material, in
a separate file or files, that is not Covered Software.

1.8. "License"
means this document.

1.9. "Licensable"
means having the right to grant, to the maximum extent possible,
whether at the time of the initial grant or subsequently, any and
all of the rights conveyed by this License.

1.10. "Modifications"
means any of the following:

(a) any file in Source Code Form that results from an addition to,
deletion from, or modification of the contents of Covered
Software; or

(b) any new file in Source Code Form that contains any Covered
Software.

1.11. "Patent Claims" of a Contributor
means any patent claim(s), including without limitation, method,
process, and apparatus claims, in any patent Licensable by such
Contributor that would be infringed, but for the grant of the
License, by the making, using, selling, offering for sale, having
made, import, or transfer of either its Contributions or its
Contributor Version.

1.12. "Secondary License"
means either the GNU General Public License, Version 2.0, the GNU
Lesser General Public License, Version 2.1, the GNU Affero General
Public License, Version 3.0, or any later versions of those
licenses.

1.13. "Source Code Form"
means the form of the work preferred for making modifications.

1.14. "You" (or "Your")
means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under this
License. For legal entities, "You" includes any entity that
controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with You. For
purposes of this definition, "control" means (a) the power, direct
or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity,
whether by contract or otherwise, or (b) ownership of more than
fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding shares or beneficial
ownership of such entity.

2. License Grants and Conditions
--------------------------------

2.1. Grants

Each Contributor hereby grants You a world-wide, royalty-free,
non-exclusive license:

(a) under intellectual property rights (other than patent or trademark)
Licensable by such Contributor to use, reproduce, make available,
modify, display, perform, distribute, and otherwise exploit its
Contributions, either on an unmodified basis, with Modifications, or
as part of a Larger Work; and

(b) under Patent Claims of such Contributor to make, use, sell, offer
for sale, have made, import, and otherwise transfer either its
Contributions or its Contributor Version.

2.2. Effective Date

The licenses granted in Section 2.1 with respect to any Contribution
become effective for each Contribution on the date the Contributor first
distributes such Contribution.

2.3. Limitations on Grant Scope

The licenses granted in this Section 2 are the only rights granted under
this License. No additional rights or licenses will be implied from the
distribution or licensing of Covered Software under this License.
Notwithstanding Section 2.1(b) above, no patent license is granted by a
Contributor:

(a) for any code that a Contributor has removed from Covered Software;
or

(b) for infringements caused by: (i) Your and any other third party's
modifications of Covered Software, or (ii) the combination of its
Contributions with other software (except as part of its Contributor
Version); or

This License does not grant any rights in the trademarks, service marks,
or logos of any Contributor (except as may be necessary to comply with
the notice requirements in Section 3.4).

2.4. Subsequent Licenses

No Contributor makes additional grants as a result of Your choice to
distribute the Covered Software under a subsequent version of this
License (see Section 10.2) or under the terms of a Secondary License (if
permitted under the terms of Section 3.3).

2.5. Representation

Each Contributor represents that the Contributor believes its
Contributions are its original creation(s) or it has sufficient rights
to grant the rights to its Contributions conveyed by this License.

2.6. Fair Use

This License is not intended to limit any rights You have under
applicable copyright doctrines of fair use, fair dealing, or other
equivalents.

2.7. Conditions

Sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4 are conditions of the licenses granted
in Section 2.1.

3. Responsibilities
-------------------

3.1. Distribution of Source Form

All distribution of Covered Software in Source Code Form, including any
Modifications that You create or to which You contribute, must be under
the terms of this License. You must inform recipients that the Source
Code Form of the Covered Software is governed by the terms of this
License, and how they can obtain a copy of this License. You may not
attempt to alter or restrict the recipients' rights in the Source Code
Form.

3.2. Distribution of Executable Form

If You distribute Covered Software in Executable Form then:

(a) such Covered Software must also be made available in Source Code
Form, as described in Section 3.1, and You must inform recipients of
the Executable Form how they can obtain a copy of such Source Code
Form by reasonable means in a timely manner, at a charge no more
than the cost of distribution to the recipient; and

(b) You may distribute such Executable Form under the terms of this
License, or sublicense it under different terms, provided that the
license for the Executable Form does not attempt to limit or alter
the recipients' rights in the Source Code Form under this License.

3.3. Distribution of a Larger Work

You may create and distribute a Larger Work under terms of Your choice,
provided that You also comply with the requirements of this License for
the Covered Software. If the Larger Work is a combination of Covered
Software with a work governed by one or more Secondary Licenses, and the
Covered Software is not Incompatible With Secondary Licenses, this
License permits You to additionally distribute such Covered Software
under the terms of such Secondary License(s), so that the recipient of
the Larger Work may, at their option, further distribute the Covered
Software under the terms of either this License or such Secondary
License(s).

3.4. Notices

You may not remove or alter the substance of any license notices
(including copyright notices, patent notices, disclaimers of warranty,
or limitations of liability) contained within the Source Code Form of
the Covered Software, except that You may alter any license notices to
the extent required to remedy known factual inaccuracies.

3.5. Application of Additional Terms

You may choose to offer, and to charge a fee for, warranty, support,
indemnity or liability obligations to one or more recipients of Covered
Software. However, You may do so only on Your own behalf, and not on
behalf of any Contributor. You must make it absolutely clear that any
such warranty, support, indemnity, or liability obligation is offered by
You alone, and You hereby agree to indemnify every Contributor for any
liability incurred by such Contributor as a result of warranty, support,
indemnity or liability terms You offer. You may include additional
disclaimers of warranty and limitations of liability specific to any
jurisdiction.

4. Inability to Comply Due to Statute or Regulation
---------------------------------------------------

If it is impossible for You to comply with any of the terms of this
License with respect to some or all of the Covered Software due to
statute, judicial order, or regulation then You must: (a) comply with
the terms of this License to the maximum extent possible; and (b)
describe the limitations and the code they affect. Such description must
be placed in a text file included with all distributions of the Covered
Software under this License. Except to the extent prohibited by statute
or regulation, such description must be sufficiently detailed for a
recipient of ordinary skill to be able to understand it.

5. Termination
--------------

5.1. The rights granted under this License will terminate automatically
if You fail to comply with any of its terms. However, if You become
compliant, then the rights granted under this License from a particular
Contributor are reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until such
Contributor explicitly and finally terminates Your grants, and (b) on an
ongoing basis, if such Contributor fails to notify You of the
non-compliance by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after You have
come back into compliance. Moreover, Your grants from a particular
Contributor are reinstated on an ongoing basis if such Contributor
notifies You of the non-compliance by some reasonable means, this is the
first time You have received notice of non-compliance with this License
from such Contributor, and You become compliant prior to 30 days after
Your receipt of the notice.

5.2. If You initiate litigation against any entity by asserting a patent
infringement claim (excluding declaratory judgment actions,
counter-claims, and cross-claims) alleging that a Contributor Version
directly or indirectly infringes any patent, then the rights granted to
You by any and all Contributors for the Covered Software under Section
2.1 of this License shall terminate.

5.3. In the event of termination under Sections 5.1 or 5.2 above, all
end user license agreements (excluding distributors and resellers) which
have been validly granted by You or Your distributors under this License
prior to termination shall survive termination.

************************************************************************
* *
* 6. Disclaimer of Warranty *
* ------------------------- *
* *
* Covered Software is provided under this License on an "as is" *
* basis, without warranty of any kind, either expressed, implied, or *
* statutory, including, without limitation, warranties that the *
* Covered Software is free of defects, merchantable, fit for a *
* particular purpose or non-infringing. The entire risk as to the *
* quality and performance of the Covered Software is with You. *
* Should any Covered Software prove defective in any respect, You *
* (not any Contributor) assume the cost of any necessary servicing, *
* repair, or correction. This disclaimer of warranty constitutes an *
* essential part of this License. No use of any Covered Software is *
* authorized under this License except under this disclaimer. *
* *
************************************************************************

************************************************************************
* *
* 7. Limitation of Liability *
* -------------------------- *
* *
* Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether tort *
* (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall any *
* Contributor, or anyone who distributes Covered Software as *
* permitted above, be liable to You for any direct, indirect, *
* special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character *
* including, without limitation, damages for lost profits, loss of *
* goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any *
* and all other commercial damages or losses, even if such party *
* shall have been informed of the possibility of such damages. This *
* limitation of liability shall not apply to liability for death or *
* personal injury resulting from such party's negligence to the *
* extent applicable law prohibits such limitation. Some *
* jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of *
* incidental or consequential damages, so this exclusion and *
* limitation may not apply to You. *
* *
************************************************************************

8. Litigation
-------------

Any litigation relating to this License may be brought only in the
courts of a jurisdiction where the defendant maintains its principal
place of business and such litigation shall be governed by laws of that
jurisdiction, without reference to its conflict-of-law provisions.
Nothing in this Section shall prevent a party's ability to bring
cross-claims or counter-claims.

9. Miscellaneous
----------------

This License represents the complete agreement concerning the subject
matter hereof. If any provision of this License is held to be
unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent
necessary to make it enforceable. Any law or regulation which provides
that the language of a contract shall be construed against the drafter
shall not be used to construe this License against a Contributor.

10. Versions of the License
---------------------------

10.1. New Versions

Mozilla Foundation is the license steward. Except as provided in Section
10.3, no one other than the license steward has the right to modify or
publish new versions of this License. Each version will be given a
distinguishing version number.

10.2. Effect of New Versions

You may distribute the Covered Software under the terms of the version
of the License under which You originally received the Covered Software,
or under the terms of any subsequent version published by the license
steward.

10.3. Modified Versions

If you create software not governed by this License, and you want to
create a new license for such software, you may create and use a
modified version of this License if you rename the license and remove
any references to the name of the license steward (except to note that
such modified license differs from this License).

10.4. Distributing Source Code Form that is Incompatible With Secondary
Licenses

If You choose to distribute Source Code Form that is Incompatible With
Secondary Licenses under the terms of this version of the License, the
notice described in Exhibit B of this License must be attached.

Exhibit A - Source Code Form License Notice
-------------------------------------------

This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.

If it is not possible or desirable to put the notice in a particular
file, then You may include the notice in a location (such as a LICENSE
file in a relevant directory) where a recipient would be likely to look
for such a notice.

You may add additional accurate notices of copyright ownership.

Exhibit B - "Incompatible With Secondary Licenses" Notice
---------------------------------------------------------

This Source Code Form is "Incompatible With Secondary Licenses", as
defined by the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0.

================================================
FILE: README.md
================================================
Travis CI Build Status: [![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/jhclark/multeval.png?branch=master)](http://travis-ci.org/jhclark/multeval)

Overview
========

MultEval takes machine translation hypotheses from several runs of an optimizer and provides 3 popular metric scores, as well as, standard deviations (via bootstrap resampling) and p-values (via approximate randomization). This allows researchers to mitigate some of the risk of using unstable optimizers such as MERT, MIRA, and MCMC. It is intended to help in evaluating the impact of in-house experimental variations on translation quality; it is currently not setup to do bake-off style comparisons (bake-offs can't require multiple optimizer runs nor a standard tokenization).

It is a user-friendly implementation of:
Jonathan Clark, Chris Dyer, Alon Lavie, and Noah Smith, "Better Hypothesis Testing for Statistical Machine Translation: Controlling for Optimizer Instability", Proceedings of the Association for Computational Lingustics, 2011. [PDF](http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~jhclark/pubs/significance.pdf)

To keep updated on new versions of this software, subscribe to our low-traffic announcement mailing list: http://groups.google.com/group/multeval-announce. All active users are encourated to subscribe.

Usage
=====

First, download and unpack the program:

``` bash
wget http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~jhclark/downloads/multeval-0.5.1.tgz
tar -xvzf multeval-0.5.1.tgz
```

To evaluate a single system from the example data and get its BLEU, METEOR, and TER scores along with its standard deviation use:

``` bash
./multeval.sh eval --refs example/refs.test2010.lc.tok.en.* \
--hyps-baseline example/hyps.lc.tok.en.baseline.opt* \
--meteor.language en
```

The first time you run this command, METEOR (and its sizable paraphrase tables) will be downloaded. Also, to help the user determine if any tokenization mismatch happened, MultEval also prints the top OOVs according to METEOR.

To compare several systems from the example data and get its BLEU, METEOR, and TER scores along with their standard deviations and p-values, use:

``` bash
./multeval.sh eval --refs example/refs.test2010.lc.tok.en.* \
--hyps-baseline example/hyps.lc.tok.en.baseline.opt* \
--hyps-sys1 example/hyps.lc.tok.en.sys1.opt* \
--hyps-sys2 example/hyps.lc.tok.en.sys2.opt* \
--meteor.language en
```

If you'd also like 1) a Latex table at you can copy-paste into your paper and 2) the hypotheses from the median optimization run ranked by improvement/decline over your baseline system and 3) A list of sentence-level metric scores including submetrics such as BLEU precision and brevity, then run it like this:

All files should contain *tokenized*, lowercased, space-delimited sentences in UTF-8 encoding, one sentence per line. Unlike many metric implementations, MultEval does no tokenization or segmentation for you (see discussion below).

Generally, you should evaluate full forms (i.e. without word segmentation). For languages without a canonical notion of words (e.g. Chinese, Japanese), we recommend splitting all non-Latin characters (e.g. each character that is not part of a borrowed Western word, URL, etc. should be evaluated as its own word.)

For a more detailed description of the various METEOR options, please see http://github.com/mjdenkowski/meteor.

METEOR and its paraphrase tables will automatically be downloaded from the web the first time you run multeval.sh. They are not included in the initial download due to the large size (~200MB) of the paraphrase tables.

The ASCII table produced by multeval looks something like this:

```
n=3 BLEU (s_sel/s_opt/p) METEOR (s_sel/s_opt/p) TER (s_sel/s_opt/p) Length (s_sel/s_opt/p)
baseline 18.5 (0.3/0.1/-) 29.3 (0.1/0.0/-) 65.7 (0.4/0.2/-) 107.5 (0.4/0.1/-)
system 1 18.8 (0.3/0.3/0.00) 30.3 (0.1/0.1/0.00) 64.8 (0.4/0.6/0.00) 107.7 (0.3/0.7/0.09)
system 2 18.5 (0.3/0.1/0.00) 29.3 (0.1/0.0/0.00) 65.7 (0.4/0.2/0.00) 107.5 (0.4/0.1/0.00)
```

A quick explanation of these numbers (see paper for details):

* s_sel: The variance due to test set SELection. This is calculated using bootstrap resampling for each optimizer run and this number reports the average variance over all optimizer runs.
* s_opt: The variance due to OPTimizer instability. This is calculated directly as the variance of the aggregate metric score over all optimizer runs.
* p: This is the p-value calculated by approximate randomization. It can roughly be interpreted as the probability of the absolute difference between the baseline system and system i occurring due to chance where random permutations between the two systems are used to simulate chance occurrences. The quality of this measure depends on the n separate optimization runs of your system and is conditioned on your test set. See below for a more in-depth discussion on p-values.

The LaTeX table produced by multeval looks something like this:

![Latex Table](https://github.com/jhclark/multeval/raw/HEAD/table.png)

To see a full list of options, use:
``` bash
./multeval.sh eval
```

which gives:

```
Usage: program <module_name> [options...]

=== TER ===
-T [--ter.shiftCost] Shift cost for TER
-d [--ter.maxShiftDistance] Maximum shift distance for TER
-P [--ter.punctuation] Use punctuation in TER?
-b [--ter.beamWidth] Beam width for TER
-B [--ter.substituteCost] Substitute cost for TER
-D [--ter.deleteCost] Delete cost for TER
-M [--ter.matchCost] Match cost for TER
-I [--ter.insertCost] Insert cost for TER

=== BLEU ===

=== METEOR ===
-t [--meteor.task] One of: rank adq hter tune (Rank is generally a good choice)
-s [--meteor.synonymDirectory] If default is not desired (NOTE: This option has a different short flag than stand-alone METEOR) [optional]
-x [--meteor.beamSize] Specify beam size (overrides default)
-p [--meteor.params] Custom parameters of the form 'alpha beta gamma' (overrides default) [optional]
-w [--meteor.weights] Specify module weights (overrides default) [optional]
-a [--meteor.paraphraseFile] If default is not desired [optional]
-m [--meteor.modules] Specify modules. (overrides default) Any of: exact stem synonym paraphrase [optional]
-k [--meteor.keepPunctuation] Consider punctuation when aligning sentences (if false, the meteor tokenizer will be run, after which punctuation will be removed)
-l [--meteor.language] Two-letter language code of a supported METEOR language (e.g. 'en')

=== MultEvalModule (for eval module) ===
-b [--boot-samples] Number of bootstrap replicas to draw during bootstrap resampling to estimate standard deviation for each system
-H [--hyps-sys] Space-delimited list of files containing tokenized, fullform hypotheses, one per line
-s [--ar-shuffles] Number of shuffles to perform to estimate p-value during approximate randomization test system *PAIR*
-r [--rankDir] Rank hypotheses of median optimization run of each system with regard to improvement/decline over median baseline system and output to the specified directory for analysis [optional]
-R [--refs] Space-delimited list of files containing tokenized, fullform references, one per line
-o [--metrics] Space-delimited list of metrics to use. Any of: bleu, meteor, ter, length
-F [--fullLatexDoc] Output a fully compilable Latex document instead of just the table alone [optional]
-L [--latex] Latex-formatted table including measures that are commonly (or should be commonly) reported [optional]
-D [--debug] Show debugging output? [optional]
-B [--hyps-baseline] Space-delimited list of files containing tokenized, fullform hypotheses, one per line
-v [--verbosity] Verbosity level

--help help message
```

What do p-values actually mean?
-------------------------------

A p-value is a model's estimate (where the model is a significance test) that a particular difference in scores arose by chance. Multeval uses approximate randomization, a test that approximates a permutation test via sampling shufflings of like hypotheses between systems.

The most important points are:

* a p-value **does** tell you whether a difference of this magnitude is likely to be generated again by some random process (a randomized optimizer)
* a p-value **does not** tell you whether a difference of this magnitude is meaningful (in terms of translation quality)

So even though a large difference may more frequently correspond to smaller p-values, this is not guaranteed. In fact, small differences can be quite significant and vice versa. For example, if you give a single optimizer sample with identical hypotheses and tell MultEval that these are actually two different systems (as in the baseline system and system 2 in the example data), there will be zero difference in scores and also a p-value of zero, since shuffling hypotheses between the systems produces no change, indicating that this difference (of zero) is likely to be reproducible. This demonstrates 2 points about p-values: 1) that this significance test does not account for the user giving it too few (optimizer) samples, which is why it's important to report how many optimizer samples you used and 2) that the test only provides information about the replicability of a delta, not whether or not the magnitude can be assigned external meaning (in terms of translation quality).

And here's a few FAQ's that come up from this discussion:

**Why is the p-value ~= 0 for equal inputs**

Because the quantity being estimated is actually p_ByChance(Diff=0). Given a single run of the optimizer, if two experimental configurations produce exactly the same output, we should (under frequentist statistics) say that this did not happen by chance. But of course we should distrust experiments with 1 optimizer run per experimental configuration. Now let's say you run each configuration 3 times and still both systems produce exactly the same output. Well, that's a very stable optimizer and we should begin to believe that this difference of zero has a very low probability of occurring by chance.

**Why is the p-value ~= 0 for very different inputs?**

The hypotheses before and after shuffling will most likely remain very different (as in the extreme case of comparing system1=MT, system2=references), so the probability of this difference occurring due to chance is quite low.

**Why does the number of shuffles seem to affect p-value so much?**

A small number of shuffles is just giving you a poor estimate with high variance and it's not advisable to run a small number of shuffles. Going above the default of 10k is fine, but it shouldn't change the p-values too much. Increasing the number of shuffles is actually just bringing you closer to the "true"estimate of zero, which we should expect from above.

**So when should I expect non-zero p-values?**

When shuffling produces strictly greater absolute differences than observed in aggregate and when it does this a non-trivial number of times. There's a few examples above illustrating this.

**So I should accept papers with zero p-values?**

Often not. This p-value is intended to estimate whether the difference is repeatable. But the magnitude of the difference still may not be substantive (users may not perceive any quality improvement). Sometimes, it may be more informative to look at the two sigma numbers calculated by multeval (test set variance and optimizer variance). Desite p-values and significance testing being a strong tradition in the statistics community, it does not provide a complete picture -- you need more than just the p-value. For example, it's very important to know the number of optimizer replicas.

Rounding
--------

MultEval generally rounds to one decimal place for metrics and two decimal places for p-values just before externally reporting values in tables. One should expect that our current evaluation measures and significance testing models are not likely to be very discriminant beyond this point and so assigning meaning to finer distinctions is not necessarily informative.

Discussion on Pitfalls in Tokenization, Segmentation, etc.
----------------------------------------------------------

While tokenization *can* introduce bias in many metrics by changing the length of hypotheses and references, noise can also be introduced into the evaluation process by strange interactions between running a detokenizer followed by tokenizer. Therefore, since research often isn't focused on details such as tokenization, we recommend evaluating on full-form references and hypotheses (i.e. not segmented, unless you're working with a language without a canonical notion of words) that are *tokenized*. Of course, in a bake-off scenario or in research in which multiple tokenization schemes are being compared, a standard tokenization will be necessary to have a comparable evaluation.

Still, special care must be taken for issues such as segmentation, that can effect matching of resources such as paraphrase tables in METEOR. Since METEOR doesn't use paraphrases including punctuation, this isn't an issue for tokenization, while lowercased full-forms remain a requirement for METEOR evaluation.

Care must also be taken to ensure experimental validity so that a particular tokenization does not bias your results in an unexpected way. For example, it would be easy to inflate the BLEU score by segmenting URLs into many tokens (since URLs are usually passed through, you would almost always get credit for lots of extra tokens being correct). Now, your absolute scores will be higher and any changes (positive or negative) will be diluted since there is now a greater number of overall tokens, this uninteresting subset now makes up a greater overall fraction of the evaluation set.

As a final pitfall example, consider the evaluation of Buckwalter-transliterated Arabic data. Using the traditional NIST mt-eval script where tokenization is forced (and the final tokenization is never shown to the user), one would see very biased (nearly senseless) scores since the many punctuation characters used to encode the Arabic alphabet will be used to split should-be single tokens into many illogical pieces. In this case, traditional tokenization is almost certainly the wrong thing to do. This is why MultEval leaves tokenization to the user.

Cased vs Uncased Evaluation
---------------------------

For now, this program assumes you will give it lowercased input. Cased variants of BLEU and TER will be coming soon.

Using MultEval for Error Analysis and Oracle Scoring
====================================================

In addition to metrics and statistical analyses for quantitative analysis, MultEval comes with several tools to help
you qualitatively determine how your translation systems are doing. First, is the ability to rank hypotheses with regard
to its improvement or decline over the baseline system (command line given above). Note, some metrics (e.g. BLEU) are
notoriously unstable at the sentence level.

Second, is the ability to take a n-best list from a decoder (e.g. Moses, cdec), score all of the hypotheses using
all of the metrics in MultEval, and then sort the hypotheses for each sentence by each of the metrics so that the
first sentence output for each sentence is the n-best oracle. You can get this by running:

``` bash
./multeval.sh nbest --nbest example/cdec.kbest \
--refs example/cdec.ref* \
--meteor.language en \
--rankDir rank \
> kbest.scored
```

MultEval will also display the corpus-level oracle score over the n-best list according to each metric.

For even more detailed analysis, you should also consider using the METEOR X-Ray analysis tool.

Compatibility and Accuracy
==========================

MultEval produces *exactly* the same metric scores you would obtain by running the metrics as stand-alone programs -- with the exception that MultEval does not perform tokenization. MultEval calls METEOR and TER using library API calls, and we regression test against gold-standard scores produced by these metrics in stand-alone mode. Its internal jBLEU library is a direct port of NIST's mteval-v13a.pl; we regression test against mteval-v13m.pl (which allows disabling normalization), included in the METEOR distribution. jBLEU implements the segment-level smoothing of BLEU from mteval-v13a.pl, which is derived from the smoothing in Kishore Papineni's bleu-1.04.pl script (the original IBM implementation of BLEU), added as of 3/9/2004. Note this is *not* the simplistic +1 BLEU smoothing used in some other system. Instead, bleu-1.04.pl uses an exponential decay function to give non-zero credit for orders that have no matches; this makes a difference *only* when some order has zero matches, which is relatively rare for corpus-level BLEU, but may matter for sentence-level BLEU.

You can see this reflected in most of MultEval's regression tests, which come out the same for both Moses' multi-bleu.pl and mteval-v13a.pl: http://travis-ci.org/jhclark/multeval

Comparison with Moses' multi-bleu.pl
-------------------------------------

Moses multi-bleu.pl calculates BLEU in a slightly different way than MultEval:
MultEval uses the "smoothed" variant of BLEU in which orders with zero matching
n-grams but non-zero possible matches get smoothed as per a formula in Papineni's bleu-1.04.pl.

Adding Your Own Metric
======================

Implement the metrics.Metric interface and then add it as an option in multeval.MultEval.

Libraries
=========

MultEval uses the following libraries:

* METEOR 1.4 (LGPL License, http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~alavie/METEOR/ -- WordNet database has a compatible free license)
* Translation Error Rate 0.7 (LGPL License, TerCom, http://www.cs.umd.edu/~snover/tercom/ -- Thanks to Matt Snover for relicensing this). MultEval uses a slightly modified version of TER; the only change is that all classes have been moved from the default package into a "ter" package to overcome the Java restriction that classes in the defalut package cannot be imported across JARs.
* Google Guava (Apache License)
* Java Annotation Options (jannopts, LGPL License)

Building
========

Should you want to build MultEval yourself instead of using the provided tarball distribution, you'll need to download meteor using get_deps.sh. Then you can just run ant:

``` bash
$ ./get_deps.sh # Download meteor
$ ant
```

NOTE: There's a strange generics-related javac bug that's known to cause the build to fail under OpenJDK V1.6.0_17. However, this seems to be resolved as of version 1.6.0_21.

Citation
========

If you use this software, consider citing:

Jonathan Clark, Chris Dyer, Alon Lavie, and Noah Smith, "Better Hypothesis Testing for Statistical Machine Translation: Controlling for Optimizer Instability", Proceedings of the Association for Computational Lingustics, 2011.

The included metrics should be cited as:

Kishore Papineni, Salim Roukos, Todd Ard, and Wei-Jing Zhu, "BLEU: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation," Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2002.

Michael Denkowski and Alon Lavie, "Meteor 1.3: Automatic Metric for Reliable Optimization and Evaluation of Machine Translation Systems," Proceedings of the EMNLP 2011 Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, 2011. (NOTE: MultEval uses Meteor 1.4; Meteor 1.4 is the same as Meteor 1.3, but just has support for more languages)

Matthew Snover, Bonnie Dorr, Richard Schwartz, Linnea Micciulla, and John Makhoul, "A Study of Translation Edit Rate with Targeted Human Annotation," Proceedings of Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2006.

================================================
FILE: build.xml
================================================
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project name="multeval" default="jar" basedir=".">

<property file="constants"/>

<target name="compile" depends="check_meteor">
<mkdir dir="bin" />
<javac compiler="javac1.5" srcdir="src" destdir="bin"
classpath="lib/guava-11.0.jar:lib/tercom-0.8.0.jar:lib/jannopts.jar:${meteor_jar}"
includeantruntime="false"
debug="on" encoding="utf8" />
</target>

<target name="clean">
<delete verbose="true" quiet="true">
<fileset dir="bin">
<include name="**/*.class" />
</fileset>
</delete>
</target>

<target name="jar" depends="compile">
<jar destfile="multeval-${version}.jar">

</jar>
</target>
</project>

================================================
FILE: constants
================================================
#!/usr/bin/env bash

# These must also be updated in build.xml
version=0.5.1
meteor_version=1.4

scriptDir=$(dirname $0)
libDir=$scriptDir/lib
meteorPath=$libDir/meteor-$meteor_version
meteorUrl=http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~alavie/METEOR/download/meteor-${meteor_version}.tgz

meteorJar=$meteorPath/meteor-${meteor_version}.jar
terJar=$scriptDir/lib/tercom-0.8.0.jar

================================================
FILE: dist.sh
================================================
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -xeo pipefail
scriptDir=$(dirname $0)
source $scriptDir/constants

dist=multeval-$version
distDir=$scriptDir/dist
mkdir -p $distDir/$dist
mkdir -p $distDir/$dist/lib

cd $scriptDir
ant
cp -r multeval.sh \
get_deps.sh \
constants \
LICENSE.txt \
README.md \
CHANGELOG \
multeval-$version.jar \
example \
constants \
$distDir/$dist
cp -r $scriptDir/lib/guava-11.0.jar \
$scriptDir/lib/tercom-0.8.0.jar \
$scriptDir/lib/jannopts.jar \
$distDir/$dist/lib

cd $distDir
tar -cvzf $dist.tgz $dist

================================================
FILE: example/cdec.kbest
================================================
[File too large to display: 11.7 MB]

================================================
FILE: example/cdec.ref1
================================================
two laptops with inquiry data on the cause of diana 's death stolen
afp on the 6th , london
london 's daily express noted that two laptops with inquiry data on the 1997 paris car accident that caused the death of princess diana were stolen from the office of a former metropolitan police commissioner .
the report pointed out that the theft triggered speculation that the computers may contain confidential information of the probe led by former metropolitan police commissioner lord stevens .
however , a metropolitan police spokeswoman said that there was no sensitive information or any data linked to the probe in the computers .
lord stevens is the head of northumbria police in britain . his office is located in the vicinity of newcastle on tyne .
the report said detectives with northumbria police have been investigating two burglaries in the past ten days .
one took place on the weekend of january 28-29 with the computers and cash taken ; while the other took place last week with nothing lost .
northumbria police also said there was no evidence that the two burglaries were linked to lord stevens ' work .
stevens has been investigating speculation that the princess of wales ' death was not directly caused by the car accident .

================================================
FILE: example/hyps.lc.tok.en.baseline.opt0
================================================
barack obama as a fourth us president receives the nobel peace prize
the american president barack obama is for 26 hours after the oslo accords , norway , in order here as a fourth us president to receive the nobel peace prize in the history .
furthermore , it receives the diploma and a cheque for $ 1.4 million , as well as the coin for his exceptional efforts to the intensification of the world diplomacy and cooperation among the peoples .
the leader of the white house , together with its mrs michelle tomorrow in the nordwegischen metropolis and will be preoccupied the whole time .
firstly , it provides the nobel institute a visit , where it meets with the five for the first committee at all , the elected him in october from 172 people and 33 organisations have .
the präsidentenpaar has then a meeting with the norwegian king harald fifth set aside and queen sonja .
afternoon achieved then the visit its peak with the ceremony , in which obama takes up the prestigepreis .
this as a fourth us president he receives , but only when the third , receiving directly to the price in office .
the white house already make that obama will be speaking in the adoption of the price on the war in afghanistan .
the president does not want to avoid this issue , because he knows that it takes on the price as a president , will lead to the time war in two countries .
the war he has a few days ago compounded by sending more troops to afghanistan , which none of its critics forget to stress .
at the ceremony , obama was also given the golmedaille , and of the diploma the cheque on ten million swedish kronor ( approximately 24 million czech crowns ) .
the money , he intends to donate for charity , but on a specific karitatives work he has not yet decided .
the veranstaltungsprogramm may then seem a banquet with the president and of his woman , with the king of except norway and queen the prime minister has also guests will be present and further 250 .
obama was of the beginning of the price to very reticent .
he referred to , for example , that he have the feeling that he does not deserve the price .
he also reiterated on several occasions that it is the price is not only for him , but the same for all , the values such as he aspire to .
immediately after the announcement led it to that , for him , the ' invitation to act ' is .
conservationists is accused of blackmail
the litoměřice - police accused the chairman of the ' citizens ' naturschutzgemeinschaft litoměřice ' for blackmail .
he in last year , in several cases , appeals against some construction techniques a , for the withdrawal of his appeals he called for by the investors money said to his credit , dieleitmeritz - polizeisprecherin , alena romova .
the chairman of the litoměřice - naturschutzgemeinschaftist lubomir studnicka .
now it is in prison and it is in danger of him a prison sentence of up to three years .
the sortier - be smell in brno müllcontainer not well
in prague , people can the drinks packaging sorting , in the südmährischen villages will again be in step and enters the sortier - müllcontainer .
and in brno ?
there should be set aside a few minutes ago , in order to find the appropriate garbage can .
i will not say that the waste in brno would be not to operate at all .
but it is me , al whether the ratsherren is insufficient take care of this problem , even if we are the second biggest city in the republic .
brno in the abfalltrennen finds itself in the urwaldliga , not only because we as citizens here in the sortiercontainer always only dispose of paper , glass and plastic must , but , above all , through the mülltonnenanzahl for such waste .
you have some time in the centre , for example , tried to dispose of the pet bottles in a sammelkorb ?
this is just art , above all , it needs time and nerve .
the only position that i have accidentally found in up to now , is taken of the mährenplatz towards the goose .
mr onderka us its members are supposed to me , not get angry , but this is far too little .
apart from the fact that the waste also in other parts is not a honigschlecken .
whole ranks of my friends sorting that is why the waste would prefer not to do anything .
from laziness .
it is that you too far to the garbage can .
i am not surprised .
i have even after the celebration of offered to dispose of , a few glass and plastic bottles .
but on the konicova streets in sight , i have not seen any farbmülltonnen .
fortunately the straßenbahnfahren i came to the right place .
but almost on the waste expired .
this is but is still represents the centre of brno , thus making the whole city , is not true ? !
however , ecology and any kind of aesthetic the brünner socialists probably cold .
they are buying a eishockeyliga prefer the city , the us in the whole of the republic disgrace power , rather than a few garbage cans to buy more and to offer the sorting of other raw materials for a cleaner brno .
i am glad that i was able to confirm my assumption also with official statistics , after i have looked for a while on the internet .
according to the data of the society be really eko - com is brno in whole district südmähren the worst since .
the " democrat paroubek placed ' - budget has the money for pensions and sick from
after the left party in spite of the opinion of the government the farmers and officials , more money , in the budget is no more money for pensions , sickness and bauspargeschäft available .
but also for the staatsschuldzinsen or for the international gerichtsstreite .
the causes which have more problems , the in the government in the second half of next year will be , the finance ministers , edvard janota says .
the salary increase for some groups as the socialists and communists have enforced , they expect to see the government is the money for the sensitive expenditure , pensions or for the sickness in addition , borrows . ' that is only a postponement of the problems in the future , minenlegen , " says janota .
from the loans will be nähmlich always pay higher interest rates , and we must eventually have to return the money .
too much to the choice , where the treasury is empty .
if the social benefits or costs for the state ownership , to increase the tax are not be reduced .
for all the , which gave money to the left party now more : the fire service , the teachers , the farmers .
and , later , also for their children .
in order to the pensions or the sickness benefit , of whose account 1.8 billion have disappeared , people must have no fear , you will have this money .
but at the price that the state debt - in the next year will be even more so in the public coffers lack not only 163 billion , but far more .
despite the efforts of the minister janota will increase the debt ever more quickly and this , too , together with the cost and interest rates .
the state is the need for the money to compensate , then already will no longer suffice to increase the vat slightly or to cut the maternity benefits , as the government in her gegendefizit package .
because of the geldabwälzung in next year , be in favour of certain wahlvolksgruppen five billion for the development of the lack of motorways and railways .
it is mainly the sections gained from the competition , which we can no longer new projektieren and perhaps cheaper .
most received , which is also not free of charge .
this means delay or cancellation of thirty great buildings , is also the europe - money , the spokesman of the warns of transportation , karel hanzelka .
the cssd has proposed that it solves the flow of money afraid - it takes up the cez - aktiendividenden , in which the state owners of the majority and then , from this is the money will be thrown out in the transport fund .
the problem is that the level of dividend is never certain and it is not a source of endless .
in last year , flowed from cez 18 billion in the budget .
every year the environmental damage - liquidationenbezahlt from the dividends , the pensionskonto expanded , and this money is also acting as a reserve for the planned pension reform .
with this trick rising in addition , under the rules of the eu the actual budget deficit to the nieveau of 5.7 % gdp .
this brings to an end the carnival of the changes but not yet .
almost three billion , the budget for various compensation for victims of communism , and of criminal offences or for expenditure for the gerichtsstreite , even for the bausparen .
whether the state of manage without this money is not sure .
this is a pure lottery .
if we lose an international gerichtsstreit , then we need to pay anyway , this makes janota clear .
the minister then needs to save the money ressortintern or in the worst case the regierungsbudgetreserve attack .
a hundred million lack also for the already begun zweimilliardenprojekt ' treasury ' , is to allow the on- line to monitor , for what the einzelbehörden spend the money .
the first stage starts in january .
the finance ministers should find the money not elsewhere , the project should be stopped and in this case , sanctions janota warned .
their next smartphone will dominate two operating systems
the americans count for the future with a mobile phone , on which the users can switch by pressing a single button between different management systems .
the plans submitted see promising .
it is , only to push a button enough , and in the change from windows mobile will within a few seconds android .
the american society wants to precisely such a possibility vmware imagine , which , above all on the development of the virtual softwares concentrated in favour of computers .
we allow them , on the mobile phone two anwenderprofile , at the same time , to carry out .
you can switch between this , you will be able to deal with those in two separate home - and arbeitsprofile .
both are work in parallel , indicated srinivas krishnamurti vmware of the company in the interview for the magazine computerworld to .
it was presented in november last year and a few days ago for the first time before .
on the market will come in 2012 .
the smart - phones virtualization is not a fiction .
vmware led the journalists already successfully before the smart phone testmuster with two operating systems .
a was a modified nokia n800 with a ram - storage of 128 mb , on the systems at the same time mentioned in parallel windows mobile and android .
the development of the new technology for the mobile phones is in full part .
now the company is working vmware , together with the european and american operators in the smartphonen - virtualisirung and come to the customers , the equipment within of the year 2012 .
schneemangel plaguing hotel owners on the mountains
scneelose runways make sorgenn not only the riesengebirgen - residents .
the lack of snow discourages people also of the appointment of the skiaufenthalte in hotels and pensions .
we can therefore in giant still free room for all wintertermine incl . christmas and new year 's eve received .
our sides are often visited .
the people go through the offers , note the prices , but now they are afraid to appoint , binding .
and if you call us , you ask whether , in our opinion , this year 's christmas immediately to snow or ' , the operators will be on matsch " of the information spindl.info , martin jandura .
who the new year 's eve - wants to stay in the spindelmühle exactly according to his ideas , should not hesitate more with the appointment .
who preferred the save and in which the quality of the stay only in second place , of the can try to make a few days to wait .
the spindelmühle - hotelbesitzer provide now for the silvestertag mostly only wochenaufenthalte in .
i think that you are going to try to ensure that , for a time to sell this , but then also have they yield , and , at shorter times .
and then the free room will quickly dwindle , jandura estimated .
free beds in all winterterminen always provides always also the travel agency ingtours in vrchlabi .
the us most interested in now weihnachtswoche , which is not yet been sold out .
in our offer is approximately half of the places still freely .
therefore , have we already have some cheaper weihnachtsaufenthalte prepared for the last moment , the director of the travel agents ingtours , petr schiefert .
the silvestertag in giant the vrchlabi - travel agency can also offer here , but there is less free seats .
good paragraph will also find the first fortnight in february , the remaining wintertermine be sold on average .
in this year is the interest for the winteraufenthalte also negatively affected by the fact that in giant is always no snow .
the people are waiting , whether snow falls .
no one wants to spend the year in the mountains without snow .
should the runways within a week , will also be verschneit the christmas to be sold out , be schiefert says .
the other way round and a little better than in last year , it succeeds in the room in the hotel horizon in pecpod snezkou to occupy .
we are about five per cent better than in the previous year .
on silvestertag and christmas we only have a few free rooms .
there is a great deal of interest in the polish holidays in the janua , and in february , the business will also go well , informed the director of the best pec hotels , karel rada .
for 80 % of the silvesteraufenthalte is also the hotel omnia zentralparkplatz in janske lazne occupied .
on the other hand , to christmas will remain in the most recent hotel in janske lazne nor the half of the beds freely .
very pleasant surprise us in the january this year , for which we are already around 60 % occupied at the present time .
is a bit weaker the february in the meantime , but at the moment is , if the snow , certainly also increases the interest in the visits to the giant , the director of the hotel omnia , erik sporysch .
waiting for a greater schneebescherung the giant mountains - hotelbesitzer now .
on thursday it should be allowed to cool down and if it comes to rainfall , the snow on the mountains should be .
but it is intended to again a warming , informed jiri jakubsky come from the location of the czech wetteramtes in hradec kralove .
united states : repetition is mother of wisdom
it is almost strange , schülerstrebsamkeit barack obama , with which the president with his reputation of the brightest , the strategy of his predecessor in the afghanistan - issue repeatedly , the he felt even the most stupid .
when he finally its afghanistan - awaited doctrine ausschwitzte , it was that he on the kopierpapier from the bush - iraq szenariovor abschrieb three years .
not only that it in the text itself on several occasions used the expression ' as in the iraq ' , it has even the name of the bush - declaration of january 2007 as the name of its own declaration : ' new vorwärtsweg ' used , without hesitation .
he has even three years ago , the idea of bush - send fresh troop contributions in the troubled by the civil war iraq , as the ' irresponsible and criticized in their conclusions karastrophische decision ' .
on the following months showed , however , that the bush - of the recommendations of military personnel strategy was the only possible and to this extent very successful today to be in the news that more not talking about iraq at all .
bush 's reputation has not been improved , because he has his successor objectively hintergelassen a much dankbarere starting point , as it was to be expected .
in afghanistan barack obama hopes of the fact that the miracle repeating itself .
in order to increase in the contingent of troops have him again asked the military , above all , the oberkommandeur of the afghanistan - operation general stanley mccristal , even despite the subordinationsgewohnheiten criticised the vacillating protect hard in the white house .
he called for 40 000 soldiers , in order to be able to reverse the situation for the better .
the president hesitated three months , but it is on a better idea , and so he has the general wenistens they have been cheated of 10 000 soldiers .
from europe he has the commitment for another 5,000 pressed , at least with 10 000 , even if he originally expected .
to be of the whole obama strategy is highly problematic project , to withdraw the troops from afghanistan , as has already been in 18 months , and to complete this process within three years . the whole obama doctrine leaves than answers more questions .
some of us , doubt that the increase in the same effect as halved the measure will bring in iraq .
also , despite the war of fratricide of recent years , the iraq - society is relatively well - structured , their leaders honour the values .
the afghan situation is characterised by the kontraindikation - it can rely on anyone agreements and there will be no .
in these conditions , it is difficult , prepare for the afghan security forces which are accustomed , every day to change their mind .
the political institutions , even if they have been set up , only scheinbauten remain formally correct , behind which the patriarchal stammbeziehungen further towards can be .
the balance of interests between the various ethnic groups is unusually complicated , particularly due to confusion of the situation , which complicate the pakistan - and iran - influences even further .
also the building of a " competent state ' , which is the minimalist aim of the whole operation , is very unrealistic .
time horizon of the obama strategy by its voluntarism
over the last eight years , only in the situation in afghanistan has deteriorated further and now it is on the brink of explosion .
believe that the small soldiers , which broke out in the war on the ' frühheimkehr ' are here , a miracle , can only create a really romantic soul , which is not influenced by facts .
from the political view is the datumssetzung for the withdrawal mere irresponsibility , because the taliban , as will enter into the indirect confession the american defeat .
the last nato summit showed that the willingness of europeans to participate in the disputes in afghanistan , is running out .
also not explain to europe 's politicians can and want to their voters , the way in which the security of germany or italy with the war in the hindu kush - gebirgsvorland connected .
another possible factor , the radically can influence the situation , is the development of the events in iran .
should continue to worsen the situation and the increased sanctions in the iranians not work , for the united states a very serious question arises , whether the problem is not with troops to resolve .
this is a question that has to be answered in the period , in which america after obama to siegerabzug proceed from afghanistan .
any solution will also mean a dramatic turn of the afghan situation .
the only sticking plaster for barack obama is the fact that there is still remain three years until the presidential election , and therefore is still enough time , so that it can resort to a other strategy , fallls this prove totalausfall would .
the managers of the bank goldman sachs receive no prämienboni more in cash
the senior leaders of the american bank goldman sachs received in this year no more prämienboni in cash .
the company has announced this , the respond to the sharp criticism from their lohnpraktiken .
a group of 30 top is rather than of the money shares , which we can sell but only in five years .
furthermore , the shares can be deprived of the managers in the case , if they act excessively risky .
goldman sachs is so in accordance with the agency reuters , at the forefront of the effort the prämieboni the wall street to link with long- term performance .
i believe that the wall street is aware of the further direction has , in the you to go , the former jpmorgan , douglas elliott , bankers of the society .
the problem lies in the details , it added .
goldman sachs , to the target of criticism , after you for the first three quarters almost $ 17 billion this year had set aside for prämienboni .
the overall prämienboni of in the course of this jahra will , after the agency reuters probably despite , too , the notified measure today exceed $ 20 billion .
the high prämienboni in the banking sector , with the start of the financial crisis in a series of länders become the most controversial political issue .
the united kingdom reported on wednesday that it intends to do the bankers ' bonuses , the 25,000 £ unique , with a tax of exceed 50 % to burden .
similar steps is also preparing france .
in this year have women the nobel prizes won in all disciplines , except in physics .
five rekordfrauen have today , in stockholm in the hands of sweden carl xvi deskönigs gustaf adopted this year 's nobel prizes in the fachkategorien and for literature .
in addition to the four women scientists was under the german writer romanian origin , also herta müller , including .
the nobel peace prize for medicine have two american biologinnen , and elizabeth blackburn and carol greider , together with your compatriot - jack szostak given for the research in the chromosonen - area .
the price for chemistry has mr hada jonath together with the americans , the israeli venkatraman ramakrishnan and thomas steitz , for raising awareness of the ribosom - structure and function .
the last laureatin granted the nobel peace prize for economics , the american elinor ostrom and your fellow countryman oliver williamson for analyses of the wirtschaftsberichtes have received .
the only fachkategorie , in the in this year was received no mrs a nobel peace prize , physics .
this price the scientists have today charles kao for the research in the field of fiber optics , and george smith , together with willard boyl for the ccd - chip invention , which is the basis of all digitalkammeras affected , fax machines or astronomical fernrohre is .
each of the prize has , , the nobelmedaile of the diploma and certificate on the acquisition of the geldpreises received .
the ten million swedish kronor is in each category .
if there are several winners in each category , the price will be distributed amongst them .
traditionally , the american president , barak obama already today , the most expected friedennobelpreis afternoon received in oslo .
he has recognised the kontrovere his appointment in his speech , because it is only the beginning of its road , and , furthermore , in the tip of the country is , the two wars lead - in the iraq and in afghanistan .
in keeping with its policy of he added , however , that wars in certain situations are necessary for the fight of the world peace , even if the price is heavily for doing so .
minister janota considering the resignation . klaus has invited him in the burg
president vaclav klaus receives the finance ministers , on friday morning , eduard janota who thinks about be remain in the government , because it with the implementation of the budgets for the next year in the form , as this by the assembly was released on wednesday , does not agree .
it will be adopted that the budget , and possibly also the remain will be of the issues of the freitagstreffens janota in the cabinet .
the budget will also criticised by klaus .
according to him the etatdefizit is too high , which also the further deepening crisis of public finances .
on the meeting informed of the presidential , radim ochvat .
in his capacity to remain on be another janota negotiate with the prime minister , jan fischer , on monday .
after the budget law , which now receives klaus to sign , the czech republic should be with a deficit of 163 billion kronor economies .
in parliament has been on the left party but on wednesday - proposals for geldumwälzung voted and the money for the staatsbeamtengehälter , for the maintenance of the social benefits , and increased direktlöhne of farmers .
the government has the proposals of social democracy told that it conceals the budget deficit increase .
between the left party on the one hand , and the government , klaus and rechtspartei , on the other hand , is that is why a sharp domestic political dispute has arisen , of the question on the further work of the fishermen beamtenkabinetts , on the shaping of the ods and cssd and green party have agreed in the spring .
critics claim that the budget so that this , as it was adopted by parliament that this package of austerity practically wound up on the part of the fischer - government in autumn been enforced , and that after its understanding of the public debt is intended to stop .
klaus , who can sign the law on the state budget , but need not , today the diskussionsfrühstück with the entrepreneurs declared that the politicians the ' serious problem , " the " represents the unsustainable deficit ' of the public finances , longer time have neglected .
its opinion , there are today no longer has a good solution .
an improvement could be only a strong government , the still on a broader consensus to build the political parties could .
the ods chairman , mirek topolanek , led horrifying is that the budget , and to the government should weigh up their continued existence .
the ods stellvorsitzende , petr necas , the ctk said that the concept of beamtenkabinetts with the support of the , ods and cssd grünenpartei obviously no longer works .
prime minister called fishermen in the task of drafting similar words as a " strong statements are made ' .
the cssd chief , jiri democrat paroubek placed , responded to the topolanek - words that the etatdefizit horrifying is that the previous government of topolanek had prepared for this year , and that exceeds 200 billion kronor .
already on wednesday cssd 's assessment of the approval of the budgets for the next year as a success .
the people 's party was also satisfied .
mandela has been in the new film by clint eastwood of morgan freeman played
the south africans claim that the new hollywood movie " invictus : the ungeschlagene ' of the world much of the country shows , whose fight and win despite some criticisms that the principal role was occupied by an american actors .
the history of sport , rassenverhältnissen told and on nelson mandela .
the tireless campaigner against the racist apartheid government in the south african republic , as well as its first black presidents , nelson mandela , is in his life , american oscar - actors , morgan freeman , .
freeman said that he was asked by the einundneunzigjährigen mandela , whether he might be in the eastwood movie it .
a further significant role matt damon .
i told him : " i if you will , i must they play meeting .
the zweiundsiebzigjährige actor who played the prize for his role in the eastwood - drama receive from the boxbereich ' million dollars baby ' , had already been the leader of the movement on the abolition of slavery , from the end to - day slave has become , a fictitious us president , and also in ' evan omnipotent god , " but rarely , someone who is still alive , and is so important for many people , like mandela .
the former südafrikanischestaatsmann was for his active work in the end of apartheid in the south african republic for 27 years in prison .
he was released in 1990 to undfür four years he was president of the country .
the nobel peace prize in 1993 it was .
' invictus ' is the latin word for ' ungeschlagen ' , and at the same time it is of the name of a gedichtes of the english author william ernest henley , which has been 1875 issued in the years .
the requirement to speak , as he was
the film , a real moment in the nelson mandela its forces with the captain of the south african rugbyteams , francois pienaar , zusammenschloss , in order to agree on the statute of the country . the new president mandela also know that his people after apartheid still remains shared rassenmäßig , as well as economically .
he believes that he be people through sport can agree , that is why he , the rugbyspieler decides , which are among the outsiders in the world , to some .
finally , the south african team is rising by in the world of the year 1995 .
freeman worked on this point that several years , in order to bring the mandela - history on the cinema screens that .
he had no other aim than to play this role in this way , in order to move closer to the reality to this as closely as possible , said freeman .
the main challenge was , of course , so to speak , as it .
the actors has said , if he would be in the same country , and the world leader he would try to meet with mandela , with him to evening to eat , and in his speech to be behind the scenes .
for him , was the most important to shake hands with mandela .
i have noticed , when i say that the hand schüttele , i accept your energy , it will be transferred , and i had the feeling that , i know what they are feeling he said .
it is important for me , to have become another person .
matt damon is in the film françois pienaar , captain of the national rugbyteams , in which the white players have triumphed .
the actors said that he has had six months time , prepare for the role in the hard rugbywelt .
it was a big surprise for him , when he met pienaar for the first in his house .
i , as i remember the türklingel rang that he opened up to françois pienaar and the first thing i said in my life , i see : ' in the film was much greater from ' .
despite the obvious differences in the stature of the actors in comparison with their actual role models , it has under the leadership of the director eastwood ' invictus : ungeschlagen ' received positive reviews and there is also talk of prospects for a oscar .
the film critic of the paper daily variety , todd mccarthy , summed up his evaluation together in the following words : ' this was a very good history , very well - ausgeführter film ' .
in the filmrezensionen has rottentomatoes.com , on the web - sides invictus received 76 % positive assessments .
lichtgeheimnis on norway dissolved , the russians have tested a missile
on norway was to see a particular lichteffekt of unknown origin .
the russian defense , only yesterday has admitted that an intercontinental ballistic missile was tested near the norwegian border .
the start , but not again was successful and the described as a type " bulava rocket , should be the originally the pride of the russian army , is beginning to the nightmare of the russian generals , as well as the prime minister vladimir putin .
also its repeated presence on the ground at the raketetest has had no positive effect on the success of the probeflüge .
bulava is usually not launched at all or in the air has been damaged .
in the russian newspapers , it is already on ' bulava ' as on a " missile , the not flying . "
not a rocket , the shining flies , but
this was already 13 attempt at the beginning of normal .
only again at the end of the flight are technical damage to the missile have emerged .
probably the engine exploded in the third raketenstufe .
this time launched ' bulava ' from the nuclear submarine dmitri donskij , under the the water of the white sea , .
this raketentyp allows the launch of the submarine - boat .
therefore , is probably that the mysterious caused by an unspecified fliegendes object light on nordwegen was actually the damaged ' bulava ' .
furthermore , the norwegians have for the first moment not doubt that it is a russian missile .
the generals has not clearly opposed this diesesmal and claims that we can talk of a failure .
the first two stages of the missile were not from and affected by the accident was only the third stage .
in the previous cases were damaged the engines straight in the first phase .
even if no teststart without mistake , holds the leadership of the ministry of defence only six of the thirteen for unsuccessful .
the almost 50 success met with optimism and so the generals will continue to say , therefore , that the " bulava " even without problems will be flying and even to ten hyperschall - nuclear warheads will bear with a weight of max . 1.15 tonnes .
the legendary fetisov has signed with 51 years of a annually with the cska moscow
the legendary abwehrspieler vjaceslav fetisov is with 51 years , once again , in a professional , eishockeyspiel .
the former world champion , olympic and stanley cup - holders helps his team cska moscow in the plight of , and probably already in the freitagsduel khl against petersburg .
fetisov , of the his career with forty years ago , in the years 1998 , has been completed , is the time president of the cska .
after denis kuljas injured , we urgently need a further abwehrspieler .
fetisov has regularly trained and agreed that it will support the team .
we only need to resolve some of the rest of the formalities quoted the agency ap the coach of moskauclubs of sergei nemcinov .
now it is not clear whether the comeback of the famous eishockeyspielers will concern only a game .
i believe that fetisov is one of these , led by the morality can other players to raise players nemcinov on .
if fetisov comes back to the eisfläche , it will be after ap the oldest russian professional eishockeyspiel .
in the nhl has the legendary striker gordie howe with fifty - one years a whole season for hartford played and could 15 hit and 26 assistenzen zuguteschreiben .
the oldest of the famous five , fetisov , kasatonov - makarov , larionov , krutov , is a of the best and successful an ice - hockey player in the history .
in the dress the soviet union , it has two olympic gold medals , seven weltmeistertitel won and he has in canada cup , too , as well as in the junior world cup triumphed .
in the second part of his career he accumulated also successes in the nhl , where he in detroit - dress the stanley cup on the head , twice .
he is a member of the ice hockey - sternzimmers since 2001 .
hyundai was the trade unions . all the overtime will lifted
the management of the nosovice - car factory hyundai , with the trade union agreed on the lifting of all overtime .
because often members overtime the trade union has announced the streikbereitschaft on monday .
the confirmed the spokesman of the car factory hyundai , petr vanek .
the management but wants to with the trade unionists , on a samstagsschicht some in this week .
we must not give up our fertigungsplan , the principle is a , that is why , on saturday , 19 december , was proposed voluntary overtime from the reason , that would be two worked arbeitsschichten , said vanek .
the website sedmicka.cz wrote that the company the members of staff , which would samstagsschicht work , a bonus of 400 czk has offered .
the also give the staff in the event for the samstagsschicht of 28 november .
vanek according to the company has decided , the motivierungsart to change the staff of the proposed overtime .
either you pay the overtime pay or you can allow for ersatzurlaub take on 28 december and so the christmas holiday extend , vanek on .
in addition , all the staff will be the samstagsschicht paid the fares and lunch .
with that in mind , that the overtime the most urgent and most burning point about demands and complaints of the trade unionists were , the last week i had the production , the management took yesterday afternoon with immediate effect on the lifting of all decided , vaněk on overtime hours for the month of december .
the staff of the car factory were until last week , virtually every day after the achtstundenschicht have been forced to work even 2 overtime .
from signing the agreement , the streiksbereitschaft will be on the part of the trade unions revoked .
weitereverhandlungen between the management of the car factory and the trade unionists are to be reached on friday afternoon .
the trade union leader , petr kuchar , on wednesday , said that , if you agree to the fulfilment of the demands and can sign a joint document , you were prepared to lift the streikbereitschaft .
the situation in the car factory has deteriorated last week , on wednesday , staff , as a around 400 spontaneously on permanent overtime disadvantageous .
they also protested against the bad payment and alleged harassment .
the management , against the fact that the staff the overtime have to make to compliance with the automobile lieferbedarfs .
the trade unionists in ihremmontags - streikbereitschaftsausrufung also demanded that the staff , the last wednesday have interrupted the production , with no sanctions will be .
in the field of overtime call on the trade unions , and the überstundenarbeit to reduce to a minimum .
in addition , in this year , you call for pay the wages of sek 5 000 .
the nosovice - car factory hyundai now 2000 people working .
the conveyer - belt production in the company was launched in november of last year .
until this september , approximately 80 000 vehicles here have been produced , the current production capacity is 200 000 vehicles per year .
czech discovery : a substance , even in the capitalism hiv viruses , tempered like steel capitalism
the team of czech and the german scientists testing , the new links should prevent the spread of hiv viruses in the body .
the main advantage of improved substance is that he also in the viruses , which are already resistant to medicines .
this fact outweigh against the disadvantage that the link in usual virus - variants is not so much , as one of the existing medicines .
the disease of aids can be cured not yet .
the patients can the medikamentenzusammenstellung but extend the life and the increase in the number of hiv viruses in body prevent .
but their use will be accompanied by a number of side - effects .
incomplete oppression of the virus reproduction , has also the development sg . resistentviren to result , against the no medicines are more effective .
the work of the three institutions of the academy of sciences cr experts , by the vscht ( both chemically - technological university ) prague and by the university in heidelberg opens the way in which we can deal with the virus - resistance .
you have shown that the substances referred to as metalokarborane act on the eiweißstoff , is the responsible for proliferation of the hiv viruses .
the metalokarborane are links on boron , hydrogen , carbon and cobalt .
these links block the virus reproduction , in other ways than all the medicinal products used today , therefore , they can overcome the resistance - problem .
in their work the scientists to new capitalism improved capitalism connections , on the basis of the knowledge of molekularmechanismus their commitment on the viruses - eiweißstoff were prepared .
the metalokarborane have a unique three - dimensional structure : two vielfächige cages , the from boron , hydrogen - and carbon - atoms , and by a metal - nuclear power , in this case cobalt , are linked .
heimtückisches and lasting virus
hiv protease is eiweißstoff of the hiv virus , the for the life cycle of the virus is essential .
without the hiv virus - caused by the hiv protease division would not tyres infektionsvirenpartikel arise .
if we eliminate the hiv protease tasks , we also in the body of the patients from the proliferation of the virus , explaining the scientists in the press release , by the institute for organic chemistry and biochemistry the academy of sciences cr has been issued .
in the work in the wissenschaftszeitung journal of medicinal chemistry was published , describing the scientists whole ranks of the links , in which two couples the cages ( see table ) are linked by a brief organic chain , the then continues systematically to be changed .
, but rather weaker reliable
the impact of this number of substances against the hiv - protease wurdne in a test tube tested , even against their constant ( resistant ) variants which have been won of hiv - infected patients .
the impact of the metalokarborane in the usual enzyme - variant is not so much , as in the medicines used clinically , however , will not lose their impact on the resistentvarianten , against the the medicines used are often ineffective .
the unique mechanism , as well as their further characteristics , such as the biological and chemical stability , low toxicity and the possibility of further chemical shaping , power metalokarboranen interesting links for further research , addressed to the development of effective medicines against hiv says pavlina rezacova , leader of the laboratories for strukturbiologie of the institute for organic chemistry and biochemistry and of the institute for molecular genetics the academy of sciences .
dispute because budget . ods to fishermen , the does
the chairman of the ods mirek topolanek , the budget for the next year approved described as ' terrible ' and the government of prime minister jan fischer should consider his opinion , their continued existence .
the statement from the czech ods the prime minister called a " strong statements are made . "
it is supposedly time for the analysis .
the deputy ods chairman , petr necas , said that the concept of beamtenkabinetts with the support of the , ods and cssd grünenpartei obviously no longer works .
after necas , the prime minister must decide whether he intends , in parliament to be based on the minority , if it is the fight against the rising deficit , or whether it be in order to remain in office through the parlamentlinken is .
the approach of the ods and the social democrats , on the issue of the public deficits is diametrically derogation , necas has already pointed out .
parliament has adopted on wednesday the budget for the year 2010 , but with linkpartei amendments on more than 12 billion kronor .
the parliament has the money for staatsbeamtengehälter , for to the maintenance of social benefits , and for increased direct payments to farmers .
the government , the proposals of the social democrats told that it conceals the budget deficit increase .
czech republic should with a backlog of 163 billion kronor economies .
the ods has left the chamber before the vote , it is also the wish of the government , because the amended budget is only a less bad version of the budgetprovisoriums . frase need clear
disappointment and futility
the finance ministers , edvard janota , has spoken on his disappointment and a sense of futility , while prime minister jan fischer has mentioned , that the government the current situation still judged .
necas is convinced that , if janota seriously threatened with his resignation for the case , that the amendments were adopted , would look different the situation .
in accordance with the czech television has janota for monday registered after the government with the prime minister .
he has indicated that he be considered further remain in office .
reason to do so is his disappointment on the verhandugn of the budget .
the extent to which fishermen for the further battle with the budget deficit , so that , in accordance with necas the nominanten of the social democracy ( cssd ) , the amendments in the budget enforced , in the government had nothing to do .
the prime minister will also say clearly that he should resign , if parliament adopts continue to enhance deficit - laws , for example , the , concerning the sickness and pensions , or the dienstgesetzesnovelle .
topolanek : the nominated by ods ministers were wrong not
it is a matter of the prime minister , fishermen and the whole government .
the nominated by the ods ministers have not made mistakes , has stressed topolanek in a textmeldung from the united states .
it has mentioned that in some of the ministries in deputy function people sitting , the commit to top 09 , the voted against the budget .
necas stressed that , if fishermen darür decides , to the fight against the deficit - level of public finances to renounce , ' it is entirely logical and correct that it is based on the left - wing majority , which is currently in the parliament ' .
then it is supposedly with the support and civic tolerance can count not .
i have not thought about it , and if it will be now , then i shall be dealing with it , the nominated by the civil defence minister martin said bartak the journalists in parliament .
prime minister fishermen afternoon on the meeting of the european council flew to brussels .
the ods at the request of the prime minister resigned
at the same time , necas stressed that the ods probably on wednesday , in the house would vote against the amended budget , if the prime minister of the members of the civic would expressly ask that they enable the adoption of the budget .
we are not as orphans , then , we are not small children , so he responded to the question of whether the ods by their absence in the political negotiation on the budget of the leader of the party in parliament as well as in the czech republic has not been reduced .
i have not noticed that my vote would be lacking .
already renounced the mandate when i , i knew that it in next few months of the parliament and , above all , to bolshevism destruction everything would be positive , responded topolanek itself .
after the new road map the cd ( czech railways ) will be fewer trains for roughly the same fare drive .
the czech railways ended or limited 13 december some less quick - and lokalzüge at full capacity , other links , will be strengthened against it .
the whole from the gültigkeitstag verkehrsumfang will of the new road map in comparison with reduced by two % today .
most of the tariffs incl . basis - and kundenfahrtarif will not be changed .
the example of the residents received several accessibility in the capital of the ostrawa trains - territory , that the railways is to this line of the type pendolino a .
the drive train will no longer to bratislava ( presburg ) .
less fast will also drive on the prague - pisek - budweis route , are basically the direct flights from prague to letohrad reduced .
the greatest reduction is planning the railways in the county of hradec kralove ( königsgraz ) , to a total of eight per cent , look forward to an increase in , on the contrary , prague and environment .
also two nachtzüge be lifted on the prague - tabor - budweis route and on a few days in the week , the operation of a fast at the prague - pisek - budweis route reduced .
of the most important changes include the introduction of the new direktverkehrsweges from milovice to prague , currently must the inhabitants of milovice in lysa nad labem vehicles .
it is the fifteenth route of the vorortverkehrsystems esko with opening which , thanks to the eisenbahnelektrifizierung from lysa nad labem after milovice is possible .
the fernlangstrecken in the capital will be in the end zielstation prague - central .
the cd is taking more lines sc pendolino between prague and ostrava a and the trains to be sumperk / jesenik travel within the space of two hours .
with the pendolino since 13 december , the passengers can not go to bratislava again .
bill for this year regionaleisenbahn : increase of 200 million
the fast are appointed and paid for by the ministry of transport , as a whole receives the railways the settlement of the so-called liquiditätsverlusts exact nature as four billion kronor in the next year , in this year . the lokalzüge supply the counties , as a whole they have to pay for the eight billion kronor in next year , and the state giving three billion .
in this year , the suburban czech sek 200 million more expensive .
the railways for the lokalzüge , as well as the fast has a zehnjahresvertrag new , up to the treaty has now been completed always only concluded for a year .
the railways praises the system , perhaps that is why it has also not use of the increase in the price of the great majority of the tickets .
it is only to changes in day netzfahrscheinen cd net and in favourable internetfahrscheinen eliska .
for passengers without the kundenkarte will the price cd net of sek 450 to sek 600 increased .
the price eliska will then depend on the car is , until now , it was for the journey between any bezirkstädten uniformly and cost sek 160 .
philippine millitante take more than 50 people , the children have been released .
millitante kidnapped today in the south of the philippines 75 and their people , including some primary school teachers .
this has led the afp agency , which was originally only over 65 abducted informed .
all children have been held 17 , including a teacher released after eight hours .
on the abduction was in the province of agusan del sur on it .
about 19 millitante used supposedly the hostages as a living sign with the flight from the police .
the local negotiators are now committed to publishing the rest of the hostage .
in accordance with the agency afp include the millitanten to neuvolksarmee ( npa ) , this is the waffenfraktion ) of the communist party of the philippines ( cpp .
according to the ap pursued the police because of the violence that the kidnappers rachehandlungen between the two local famillienclans called for .
in the south of the philippines , in the province of maguindanao , given the recent massacre , in the 57 people have been killed , the standrecht imposed .
among the victims of the massacre of 23 november , the connected with the choice to the gouverneuramt , were 30 journalists .
because of suspicion of participation of the massacre have been the governor this südphillippinischen province and his father andal ampatuan , patriarch of the influential ampatuan clan arrested .
on the island of mindanao muslim separatists are also actively .
the but on the tuesday the peace negotiations have reopened with the phillippinischen government .
the history of south africa , any morgan freeman alias says nelson mandela
in the next few days , the new hollywood film clint eastwoods in the american cinema ' invictus : the ungeschlagene ' , of a part of the life of the former president of the republic of south africa , nelsona mandela , includes .
the role of the world fighter against apartheid has received morgan freeman , a few years ago , the already was supposedly been augewählt by mandela itself .
the nebendarstellerrolle of the legendary south african champions in rugby , francois pienaar , has received matt damon .
with the kinostart of the film will also reactions of critics and according to the public .
nelson mandela
with whole behalf means he nelson rolihlaha mandela , was born on 18 july 1918 in south africa mvez .
in 1988 he has given the sachar - price , in 1993 , together with de klerk the nobel peace prize .
on the president of the republic of south africa , he was elected in 1994 - 1999 .
great expectations are set in the film , because he is in a time in the cinema , in the culminate in south africa , on the one hand , the preparations for the world cup , but at the same time the media world public opinion with daunting news about the rising racial hatred and the discrimination of the population on the part of the black shaking dominant majority .
according to the news ap are the consistently positive reactions to the new film in south africa for the time being , despite numerous reservations against the occupation of the leading with american hollywoodstars .
according to morgan freeman is its own words on the new film nevertheless proud .
i have many years of this role gerträumt and i have been well prepared .
on several occasions , i met nelson mandela also personally , so i - as it says , can receive his energy , led it in the interview after the festspielpremiere of cinema in los angeles .
i think that it is good , if we with this film the personality of nelson mandela and its message errinern can .
this is a history of south africa , but it is every person , it added .
in the rugby national dress
the film is based on the buchvorlage of the british writer john carlin , free translated in the role of the enemy 's : nelson mandela and the game , the portrayed has united the people , the south african defenders of human rights within its first präsidentenwahlperiode .
morgan freeman is trying in the course of the cinema , two races and day - and since year each other well - defined communities together and , such as nelson mandela in 1995 , it is also in its role in the south african national - rugbydress has won weltcupfeld , south africa at the time .
for the entering of the lawn in dress that applies in south africa almost as a sacred act fourteen years ago , harvest mandela large ovation , mainly by the white audience and , so that the recognition of the white population has been won .
it perhaps , the people , once again , the rugbymeisterschaft pulls off to a single people join forces , led the rugbyspieler chester williams , who in the years 1995 was the only ' black ' in the national .
whether the tense situation in south africa show that will not be improved .
the white south africans are sceptical , but , as , for example , in the rugby kürzlicheninterview for ln fan , christopher dawson betrayed , fled from the country to the united kingdom .
the championship starts on 11 june 2010 .
in the louny area for several burn transformers 10 million kroner
the fire broke the society ceps in the morning on transformator schaltanlage vyskov in louny - in the community area .
in the fire , in accordance with the spokesman of the bezirksfeuerwehr usti nad labem , mr lukas marvan , six units a .
originally wanted to let the fire brigade ausbrennen the transformers , but later , it is the view changed and now the fire with a mixture - water foam and speziallöschstoffen deleted .
the reason for this was a technical defect , a transformator innenkurzschluss .
no one has been violated , the wreck vulnerable in accordance with the firmasprecherin , pavla mandatova , the security not of the pipeline system .
the damage was estimated at several sek 10 million , more precisely will quantify the damage is only after the fire .
the destroyed transformator in accordance with mandatova must be replaced by a new .
on 10 years has occurred with the society ceps nothing similar to this type are rarely mistakes , you added .
the supply of electricity has been cez gemäßder spokesperson of the society for northern bohemia , sona holingerova , was the trafostation not interrupted , by the fire the functioning of households and firms , authorities not influenced .
a.g. ceps as alleinbetreiber is on the czech territory of the pipeline system , the elektroleitungen of 400 000 volts and 220 kv .
it is , in 39 schaltanlagen with 67 transformers renovated and developed , with the electrical energy in distribution system and leitungsstrecke will be transferred with a 4339 kilometres in length .
jancura offence of slander against three head the cssd .
the owner of the student agency , radim jancura offence , today of slander against three social - democratic leaders .
against michal hasek from the district of südmähren , from the district of radko martinek pardubice and the leader of the province of olomouc , martin tesarik .
jancura said that in a zwanzigminütigen inteview in radiojournal .
the complaint is linked to the effort of the company , which regionalzugverkehr to engage in a number of districts .
all the regions have signed but at the end of the long- term contracts with the czech railways .
all three head are singling us and say that we remove the cherry - picking , in the process , we have made the supply only about the scope , as it was voted with you .
they claim that we as the czech railways are expensive , because we were aware of the prices of the czech railways , the last week have been completed .
so , we have no choice but to us to defend .
for this slander of society , student agency jancura the radiojournal said .
at the same time , it led to that he has evidence from all districts , that they have made their steps in accordance with the european .
for the european commission , that is why we are preparing a charge .
hasek does the collection of criminal proceedings for the further medialshow of jancura , the him as a free advertising for its society , as well as for his own person serves .
i am of course prepared my good name and to defend the good reputation in my local area , and i call also further head on .
i assume that will also be clear on this issue , that it is jancura , in the cause of regionaleinsenbahnverkehrs and false manipulated public opinion and used false arguments , hasek said .
jancura already reported last week that he have invested several million kroner in advertising , which is out to the detrimental step of the districts .
the radiojournal he said that he the campaign after christmas cut , and this after wants to continue with new year .
he stated that it will lead the campaign against the corruption as such .
the campaign has taken jancura , after the agreed at the instigation of the regionaleisenbahnverkehrs districts with the czech railways and for the task in a high by 150 billion kronor no invitation to tender had put out to tender .
after vancura is a sort of behaviour by illegal and in the contradiction with the requirements of the european court of justice .
because of the criticism of the movement of trains in the districts threatened him , according to a member of the cssd jancura , we have already .
the only threat was , if we do not refrain from that we can then also lose the buslizenzen .
he , as a member of the cssd before , i know , of whom , i am not saying his name , it is said today jancura the radiojournal .
vaccination against pneumokokken free of charge and voluntarily
imfung against pneumokokken change from january the usual .
it should act as a first free of charge to the families and be voluntary .
but now are taking the vote that the duty - vaccination would be more effective .
the preparations for the introduction of the free vaccination against pneumokokken culminate .
the arzneiinstitut is already implementing the maximum prices of vaccines , have to pay for the health insurance .
the experts are also on the impfungsverfahren in the clear .
new vaccination
vaccines for free august - children
from january children can be vaccinated against pneumokokken free of charge , which were born and later on 2 august last year .
the condition st that they have not received any impfdosis yet .
who with the vaccination has already begun in last year or earlier , weiterewiederholungsimpfung itself must also pay .
the first impfdosis must be made between the 3 and 5 months old of the child .
already last year , a quarter of the families their children against pneumokokken vaccinate .
the parents paid 1600 kroner and more for a dose .
for the vaccination of the youngest children are four doses required .
in the whole , the experts estimate that the health insurance for the impfdosen spend sek 300 , 000 to 450 000 per year .
they save but in the treatment , which would need children without vaccination .
until now , the state has spent for all flächenimpfungen of children around 500 000 per year .
the obligation - vaccination was introduced with the so-called janota package .
pneumokokken mittelohrentzündung , but also cause serious infections including gehirnhautentzündungen and blutvergiftung .
by pneumokokkeninfektionen die with us for investigation per year up to 28 children in hospital in 10 years of age .
outside of the czech republic , the duty - vaccination of children against pneumokokken was introduced in some 40 countries .
the vaccination will be duty ?
at the same time it is said that this vaccination in future duty could be .
from january paid in by the insurance and that this should be voluntary .
mentioned , that the obligation - vaccination would be better , for example , the leader of the citizens ' nahlas , mr rudolf kalovsky .
its association is already long term for the pneumococcal vaccination .
the experts at the international conference , which has been involved in our union , were not very satisfied that we have voluntary vaccination .
this is not very ideal .
on the other hand , we are glad that we have managed to enforce is , at least the .
i believe that this is the way ahead , we must go now , led kalovsky .
the ministry of health does not want to change but the impfverfahren against pneumokokken .
in this moment we consider the not at all , be vlastimil spokesman said sesen .
the voluntary vaccination has their disadvantages , claim the doctors .
the chairman of the practical fachgesellschaft paediatricians , hana cabrnochova , is that a voluntary vaccination has its drawbacks .
if all the children would be vaccinated , then we could reflect on the reduction of wiederholungsimpfungszahl ' in a situation in which the vaccine is so expensive , we understand the political decision that this was launched vaccination as a voluntary , " says allerdingst cabrnochova .
the experts expect that more than 80 % of the parents their babies against pneumokokken inoculated from next year .
the vaccination against pneumokokken is path - breaking it is also that this will be paid for the first - of the health insurance and not by the state .
the insurance should spend the money for the prevention , so that save it for further treatment , erkärt cabrnochova .
the doctors have to buy the vaccines itself .
but that is a concern of the practical paediatricians , the concerns the purchase the vaccines .
according to the original plans should be the vaccines bought by the insurance and the doctors who receive this at the same way , as well as other vaccines issued by the state to you .
a number of members feared , however , that the insurance as ' the money from the krankenversicherungherausführen could ' .
the doctors buy the vaccines itself and will therefore have to wait until the insurance , you pay for them .
according to the estimates , the individual practical doctors will need to invest sek 40 000 per month , which is a significant amount of money .
this will not be easy , cabrnochova says .
us - künstlersohn involved in " museumsdiebstahl "
the son of the famous american fantasy - artist frank frazetta was accused of attempting , paintings in the value of $ 20 million from his father 's museum to want to steal .
according to the police of pennsylvania was alfonso frank frazetta in the invite of 90 paintings in his vehicle with supporters .
it is , frank frazetta junior and another man would have a excavators used , in order to enter into the museum in the pocono mountains .
of the 81 -year-old frank frazetta senior is make as conan for its presentation of the bully and tarzan famous .
such as the news associated press reported , the artists at the time of the incident in florida .
ap quoted a unnamed police officers , who said that might have been frank frazetta junior motivated by a familienfehde .
the agency reported declaration , according to a police affidavit frazetta junior claimed that he has been instructed by his father , " he that in the museum should penetration with all the means , in order to bring all painting in a camp ' .
the agency said that frank frazetta senior , denied any permission to have granted .
labour defended budget - and tax
the ministers have the tax increases and ausgabenstopps , which were announced in the voretatbericht , against the criticism of the opposition , the economy and the trade unions defended .
the conservatives said , alistair darling would have an opportunity ' pass ' , in order to demonstrate that it with the reduction of the deficit seriously he said , by the decisions postponed until after the election .
the chancellor of the exchequer , also for came under fire , that he aimed at of workers with low and middle - income .
to its main proposals include a 0.5 - % increase in the social insurance and a 1 % ceiling of the public wage for 2011 .
sozialversicherungsärger
for the trade unions have protested that the low - be punished a recession that they have not caused and warned against forthcoming ' problems ' .
the increase in the social insurance - approximately gbp 3 billion per year – has angered the private sector , who says that this a tax on jobs is , although the focus should be on the economic recovery .
the increase , which is limited to those who , the more than £ 20 000 per year , will relate to roughly 10 million workers .
priorities of the advance etatberichts
increase the social insurance by a further 0.5 % from april 2011
in this year contraction of the economy by more than the expected 4.75 %
new 50 % tax on bankiersbonusse
1 % - increase of corporation tax for small businesses rejected
tax reductions for electric vehicles and wind turbines
2.5 % increase in the state pensions
according to estimates of the treasury will someone with a annual income of £ 30 000 to be £ 90 per year poorer , and someone with £ 40 000 per year will be in order to £ 190 poorer as a person with 10 , 000 £ annual of 110 £ will be richer .
the minister said , its objective of defizithalbierung until 2013 means " difficult decisions ' , but you also said that 60 % of the burden of tax on the 5 % of topverdienenden would remove .
finance ministers stephen timms denied that the outlined tax hikes and ausgabenstopps compared to the necessary measures ' would be a drop in the ocean ' .
' these are large numbers . you will bring us the defizithalbierung and this is also absolutely necessary for the period of the next four years ' he said to the bbc .
timms said that he is confident that the economy until the end of the year would return to the growth .
the labour party on the future economic growth forecasts – which influenced the extent of the new debt and the speed of defizitabtragung are – were called into question , after the chancellor of the exchequer has been forced to revise , former figures .
he said in its opinion , the economy will probably be in this year to shrink 4.75 % - much more than the drop of 3.5 % , the was predicted in april – while debt with £ 3 billion would be higher than previously estimated .
' missed opportunity '
the conservatives , want to start the a new advertising campaign on thursday , in order to get to warn against the ' debt crisis " of labour , said that the planned debt of gbp 789 billion over the next six years is untenable .
you added that the ministers have failed to present a credible plan , , as you will back this , and ' cynical ' before difficult decisions until after the election a gear - must take place in june 2010 at the latest .
' you have nothing of importance , said about what it is going to do , ' said the schattenfinanzminister philip hammond . ' they had their own opportunity to do this , and you have they unimportant ' .
' the important announcements will not be made until after the election , whoever wins it ' .
roger town of bootle , deloitte
labour insists that schools , the hospitals , and the police be preserved in future cuts , unlike in the proposals of the conservative , what the defizitkappung more quickly and more to see .
but the liberal democrats said that the money , which won by the tax increases and ausgabenstopps will , is used , in order to cover the expenditure for the next year , not in order to reduce the deficit , and argue , therefore , that the plans are built on sand ' . '
the political editor of the bbc , nick robinson , said that things at the time of the information - as the above inflation in some invalidity pensions in the next april – the chancellor would suspend the charge of the vote , simply because the money could be returned in next year .
labour insists , to provide the extrahilfe , when people need them most and that the situation in september 2010 will be re- examined .
' hollow budget '
although the ministers not etatdetails known beyond 2011 and have given , economists , say that the pressure on the public expenditure will come only bear the medium term .
the recognised institute for steueruntersuchungen said , the figures of the chancellor of the exchequer would mean substantial cuts in many areas , future possibly also in the areas of transport , education , science and defence .
' it moves the pain only to be later ' , said head robert chote .
' the important announcements will not be made until after the election , added roger , whoever they win " in the town of bootle , economic wirtschaftprüfungsunternehmen deloitte .
' this was just the empty advance etatbericht recognize this . the markets . "
fbi examined arrests of citizens of the us in pakistan " '
the fbi examines the arrest of five reported us citizens because of the suspicion extremist links in pakistan .
the men were in a raid on a house in sarghoda , arrested in the eastern punjab province , the bbc with informed the american embassy in pakistan .
the fbi said , it is examined , whether this are the same men , the last month in the us - state of virginia were reported as missing .
the us state department said that they are seeking also for the information on the men .
three of them should be pakistani descent , one is egyptian origin and the other has a yemeni background .
we are , of course , ' if you are american citizens , much interested in the charges , which you be accused of and under what circumstances they will be held , " spokesman said ian kelly .
the fbi spokesman katherine schweit said , the authority was informed about the arrests and state in connection with the families of the missing students .
" we work together with the pakistani authorities , in order to find out their identities and the purpose of its stay there , if it is indeed the missing students are ' , you said .
the pakistani embassy in washington said that the men have been arrested in a house , which is one of the students 's uncle .
he said , the local police have be earlier for the house and this is not interested charges against the detainees men have been tabled .
the message from reuters news reported that rejected it secretary of state hillary clinton , to comment on the arrests , but you said , the united states ' must work more closely with pakistan and afghanistan is to eradicate the infrastructure of terrorism , which continues to people recruited and train ' .
the five students have been at the end of november from their families in north - virginia registered as missing .
amnesty condemned " abuses " in iran
in accordance with a report of amnesty international , it is for the human rights in iran are still just as bad , as in the past 20 years .
the report in detail ' missbrauchsmuster ' by the regime , both before , as well as after the contested presidential elections in june .
a man who was quoted in the report was that he was beaten and burnt with cigarettes . a other said , it has been threatened with rape .
iran rejected previous criticism of its human rights record .
official said that such criticism was politically motivated .
after the election of the contested president mahmoud ahmadinejad in iran thousands of people have been arrested and killed dozens , what to the greatest of street protests led since the islamic revolution of 1979 .
dozens of received prison sentences and prosecutors said that at least five people have been condemned to death .
the bbc correspondent - tehran jon leyne now , in london , said that , at the beginning of the protests of the high leader , ayatollah ali khamenei , some of the missbrauchsbehauptungen recognised and ordered the closure of the kahrizak - jail .
but since then , there have been on the part of the authorities no longer a tolerance for criticism , our correspondent said .
' false confession '
amnesty international quoted the report of the 26 -year-old informatikstudenten ebrahim mehtari , who said that he because of the ' work with facebook networks ' has been accused and because of the protest against the results of the elections .
" they beat me often in the face , " he was quoted .
' i was with cigarettes under my eyes , in the neck , on the head ... burned . they threatened me with the death and you humiliated me ' .
after five days ago , it was a wrong confession and , still blutend and half unconscious , on the road , released amnesty said .
the battered presidential speaker mehdi karroubi said that some demonstrators who were arrested after the election , in august and others have been raped tortured to death in prison .
the iranian authorities the rape , gave but to deny that abuses have taken place .
amnesty also mentioned the case of a former prisoner , who said that he with 75 other more than eight weeks ago in a container in a penal was held in kahrizak .
amnesty recognized that the iranian parliament and the judicial authorities had set up a committee , the disturbances after the election , and the reactions of the government should investigate this , but as amnesty , the mandates and the power of these institutions would be unclear and the results , which would have been won by the parliamentary committees , have not been published .
the group said that at least 90 people in the last three weeks have been arrested , in order to prevent further demonstrations .
in the park was set up skihang
over 100 tonnes of artificial snow have been used , in order to turn a landmark in bristol in a wettkampfpiste .
the skipiste this parkveranstaltung drew 16 halbprofessionelle skier and snowboarder , the fought battles for awards .
on the tip of the drive for indefinite expansion brandon - hill - park , there was a brief sprungschanze at the beginning of a 100 metres long drive for indefinite expansion .
of the student john hickman , the fourth year studied medicine , said , there was a beautiful view the summit of the drive for indefinite expansion , but it was also very well intimidatory .
it is a tremendous glance with all the bright lights of the city , which below gleam .
he added : ' there are some of the country 's best skier and snowboarder here - some right talents . "
prices have been carried out for the best on the propensity feats - or given tricks .
the melting snow after the event on thursday evening , the left .
still you and we
the islam can be french ?
in a secular state , pluralism and pragmatism .
in a time for a ban on building in the swiss electorate voted in favour of minarets and the concern about the alleged islamisation of europe is widespread , john bowen , an american academics , has written a sound and thoughtful report on whether to muslims in one of the avowedly säkularisiertesten societies europe can be integrated -- and be integrated .
a number of readers will this new book from admiration for the last work of the author : ' why the french no headscarves love ' ( originaltitel : ' why the french don ' t like headscarves read ' ) ( 2006 ) , an elegant and densely argumentierenden study a contentious issue , the shared the country on one and a half decades and employees and their effects are still to today as well .
bowen 's neustes book offers a broader and kühneres range .
he not only , as a good anthropologist , would like to know what the politicians and the media , on the islam say in france , but what really happens in the area .
he has spent months in mosques , schools , and institutions , the now the 5 to 6 million muslims in france , as bowen calls it " islamic provide freedom ' .
it is a good listener , it is again debates between teachers and students about the issues , of most concern to you .
should a muslim in a mosque or a town hall marry ( or both ) ?
young muslims should be lectured on evolution and rights of homosexuals ?
can a muslim mrs marry a man non- ?
it is for a muslim , permissible to use a zinsorientiertes banking system , in order to get a mortgage ?
it is this seemingly mundane affairs gives , he claims , the daily life , in contrast to the political drama , the media .
the author , a new generation of imams acknowledges , teachers and intellectuals , none of them with a well - known behalf , possibly with the exception of tarik ramadan , a muslim - arab scholars and academics who was born in switzerland .
this new generation of trying to open up the debate on this , as it is possible , on the one hand , a good muslim and , on the other hand , a good citizens to be in a modern secular society .
they have not all arguments on their side .
the conservatives are suspicious of the idea of a french or european islam .
the thinkers and activists , questioned the bowen salafi with their counterparts , are often divided – advocates of the puristischen sunni islam , which in connection with saudi arabia – the today is a small but influential presence under europe muslims show .
bowen is of the opinion that muslim values could be compatible and french secularism .
however , an agreement requires a give and take on both sides .
it is to what extent french into political decision - makers ( and the intellectual elite , guarded the so passionate the separation of church and state ) really feel committed to pluralism .
it is a sign of that muslims may a rougher treatment as catholics , protestants and jews , the turn had to make their historic compromise with the secular republicanism .
it recognises a ' stricter werteschrauben ' rather than a growing pragmatism .
the islam can be french ? in the aftermath of the read this book , it is inclined to say ' yes , but not yet ' .
the trostloseste outlook of the world
the arctic is changing more quickly and in more dramatic than any other umweltregion on earth .
the ice is disappearing , the it marks , with an alarming rate and adopted lives that can survive anywhere else .
oil and gas , schifffahrts and fishing interests went in the newly open water , with diplomats , lawyers , and also in their wake to authors now .
richard ellis , an author and illustrator , is in ' on thin ice ' ( originaltitel : ' on thin ice ' ) a naturgeschichte , of the icon of the north of the polar bears .
exercised in the complicated history and policy of whaling , the long tradition of arktiserforscher he describes , the itself have shown in the quest for the polar bears .
admiral nelsons meeting with a polar bears as brave 14 -year-old fähnrich to sea , the only with the rifle butts of his muskete fought , is certainly a myth , but others are true .
young bears , which have been caught , as they schwammen behind the bodies of their recently killed mothers , have been put in zoos and circuses .
a zirkusaufführung at the beginning of the twentieth century showed 75 polar bears in a vision .
even today zooanlagen still typically have a millionth of the environment of a wild alttiers . the climate is rarely suitable : the polar bear in singapore was absolutely by the green algae , which in the hollow hair grow his fur .
click here , in order to know more .
ellis relates to the reports of other authors and historians often and return to the threat , the hunters for the survival of species .
even though banned in norway , america and russia , is the succumbed in greenland and canada , where hunters in helicopters and further motorschlitten - travelling inuit powerful assault rifles use , in order to bring their spoils to line .
ironically , in the waters of the north of these two jagdnationen will remain the ice the longest .
in his new book ' after the ice ' ( originaltitel , " after the ice " ) offers alun anderson , a former editor of the wissenschaftsmagazins " new scientist ' , a clear and worrying description of the science of the arctic and , as a packenden insight into the future could develop .
not all the answers that scientists have .
neither atmosphärenwissenschaftler nor ozeanografen can explain the speed of appropriate changes .
this is not , however , to a lack of rationalisation .
the pionierreisen of fridtjof nansen at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century for the first time the turbulence of the packeises guess .
the changing grate submarines vermaßen in the cold war in the cost .
are a useful complement satellitenvermessungen and the widespread application of messsonden of icebergs , but is still much by brave people who camped out in the cold outside achieved .
anderson looking in the strange , tiny world of zuflusssystems within the arctic ice , which will be formed by salzwasserrinnsale , in the cold zusammengedrückt be .
but , starting from the bear on the ice to the microscopic surprised the ice , all of them are under threat , once the summer passes , which is expected in the period between 2013 and 2050 .
' in a few months ' time could be the we ... '
marines -- were among the 6,000 , the arlington wreaths niederlegten
the obergefreite de ' angello robinson travelled seven hours ago with the bus , in order to lay a single wreath at the grave of an soldiers , the he had never met .
for him and the other marines , what the journey from camp johnson in jacksonville , north carolina , the nationalfriedhof arlington remedial action , in order to decorate graves , was the day a tribute to the men and women , in whose footsteps they have come .
in a few months , from where we also always be returned , we could be said , robinson on the soldiers killed .
if we were the , i would like , someone would do the same for me , therefore , i am trying to show my respect , so .
he was one of more than 6 000 volunteers who had gathered on saturday morning -- in order to wreaths on the graves of veterans in several sections of the arlington - cemetery .
morrill worcester , holder of the trauerkranzherstellers worcester wreath company in harrington , maine , justified in 1992 this tradition , as he and some other decided to several hundred graves at the cemetery in arlington to dekorieren .
now it is a 18 years old tradition and morrill and its mrs karen the , every year , this trip companies , in various cities along the road to , in order to carry out events , the people in the military are devoted to and victims of terrorism .
the worcesters also established a non- profit organization , wreaths across the whole of america ) , which -- america ( wreaths the event has also extended to other states .
in this year , voluntary -- more than 16,000 wreaths on the graves in the arlington - graveyard , in areas in the pentagon , on graves of nationalfriedhofs fayetteville in arkansas , in the battery - park in new york and at the gedächtnisstätte 93 for the united - cost airlines flight in shanksville , pennsylvania .
the walmart - donated foundation for the second time , more than $ 150 , 000 for purchase and transport -- the wreaths .
charleen hunt , 70 , from westminster said that it made the trip to arlington in memory of their husband , a professional soldier of late has .
although her husband is not buried in arlington , said something back to hunt , this is the way , which , the victims .
you said , this is a small contribution civilians our soldiers , as we can support .
it is so as the visit of a familiengrabstätte .
wrapped in were warm clothing , the voluntary migrated across the extensive rasenflächen and hills of the cemetery .
the voluntary had older graves from 1 and 2 world war and the war in vietnam as an objective , because , not so often , this will be visited as the recent graves , so the organisers .
the atmosphere was cheerfully , children , in the hand played and couples , while they wore the fresh kiefernzweige on the grey tombstones .
each round wreath was dunkelgrün with a small red ribbon , the upper part was attached .
the section 60 , which is in the near and where mainly veterans of the iraq and buried in afghanistan are wars , almost remained calm .
the united service organisations -- donated 1,000 wreaths , in order to go right , but the atmosphere of gloom this section of the current wars met this area .
individual cried open , other prayed and families and friends , in the icy air each other .
a number of read according to the in stone behalf , to small , while others are black and white platzkarten hinabbeugten , been set for those in the wet sludge , which were tombstones had not yet been completed .
sandra lockwood was one of the many mothers , the bitter tears was crying before the grave of her son .
it is 8 hours of zanesfield , ohio , dangers , to the tomb of marineinfranterie - corporal david shane spicer to visit , the fell in july in the fight .
nobody should ever forget , why we are free ... , my son has paid , you said .
" if i have been no longer for a long time , i would like to that someone reminded of it . "
the us government arrested by cuban authorities contractor
the cuban government has a sub - contractor the us government , the mobile phones and sold notebook computer in the country , arrested , representatives of the ministry of foreign affairs said on saturday .
the contractor , until now , could not be identified , working for development alternative inc with seat in bethesda .
the society is working on projects for customers , such as usaid , the us agency for international development , and for the world bank .
konsularbeamte the interests of the united states in havana , try to gain access to the prisoner , who was arrested on 5 december .
the specific charges have not yet been published , despite the fact that , after a cuban right a cuban citizen or an foreign visitors for almost everything , under the accusation of the ' risk ' can be arrested .
all the so-called counter activities , the slight protests and critical writings include , a verhaftungsrisiko .
governmental graffiti and statements are regarded as a serious crime .
cuba has a growing bloggers community , which will be led by the popular reporter yoani sánchez , which often describes , as she and her husband be pursued and attacked by government representatives .
sánchez has repeatedly asked for permission to leave the country to receive prices , but this is always been rejected .
the arrest of the american contractor will probably be the tensions between the communist government of the castro - brother in cuba and the obama government increase , the a " slow " rapprochement had sought to the improvement of relations with the island .
the news of the arrest of the new york times reported was first last friday .
the new us policy attaches importance to the fact that the united states to be a anything in return , if the cuban government concrete steps in this direction , such as release political prisoners and the creation of more room for opposition .
mobile phones and notebooks are legally in cuba , although they are new and coveted products in a country , in which the average earnings of an government officials $ 15 per month .
since this year , the cuban government only allowed normal citizens the purchase of a mobile phone , they are used mainly for the dispatch of text messaging , because a 15 - minute exclusive telephone conversation would cost a day .
the internet is on the island of extremely limited .
it is in expensive hotels and there to foreign visitors and to some government , such as universities , accessible .
cubans want to , the connect , often the government must notify their behalf .
to many websites is the access restricted .
in cuba is the arrest of the american rare .
most of the few us citizens , which are in prison in cuba , there are for crimes such as drugs smuggling behind bars , said gloria berbena , the press the us - representation in havana .
berbena said , it could be no further information on the arrest .
the arrest and detention are clearly wrong .
an activity that would be legally in any other free society - the levy free mobile phones - in cuba is a crime , said jose miguel vivanco , director of the american section of the group ' human rights watch ' , which was recently a tough report on the freedom in cuba with the title ' new castro , same cuba ' , an allusion to the investiture of raul castro , as the leader of the country , the sick older brother fidel replaced .
vivanco said that , very often , the accused within would one day be arrested , condemned and imprisoned .
he said that would be politically probably any solution , and that the cuban government often provoked a negative response in the united states , just at the time , as both countries for more readiness for dialogue , move towards each other .
pakistani officials cover plan , to send men to afghanistan
pakistani authorities discovered on saturday a supposedly leading head a conspiracy , aimed at that , five men from north - to send virginia to afghanistan , in order to kill us soldiers and said that they hope that this case could help to uncover a vast network of terrorist recruitment agencies , the internet after radicalised young men absuchen .
investigators said that they had sought a opaque insurgents , known as the saifullah , , the men had invited to pakistan , after he had made you find , because one of them on the internet - videoseite youtube favourably inclined to terrorist attacks had made .
saifullah , according to their arrival in pakistan was the leader of this men and tried to help them , the remote area to achieve in pakistan 's tribal , which is the home of al qaeda and its terrorist training camps .
but a representative of pakistan 's secret service , the said about the matter has been informed , on saturday , saifullah could not convince the al-qaeda leaders that the men not part of a cia conspiracy to undermine are of the terrorist network .
as a result , they have been held in the eastern city of sargodha on days , far removed from the inhospitable mountains in the north - west , which have become a terroristenzufluchtsstätte .
they were seen as part of a covert operation .
therefore they were rejected , the government officials , said the due to the sensitivity of the matter wanted to remain anonymous .
the government officials said that the men were not discouraged and will continue to tried to obtain the right recommendations , in order to obtain access to the al-qaeda camps , when they were arrested by the pakistani law enforcement authorities .
the case of the five men - the continue in pakistan are and be consulted by the fbi - underlines the vital role of the recruitment agencies in the identification of future terrorists and possibly even more important is , in the decision , who trustworthy .
since the attacks of 11 september 2001 , the us secret services has made to a matter of the utmost urgency , human asset within of al qaeda .
recruiters act as guardians of organisation , the not letting those who , whose commitment for the holy war is not seriously enough and such , could be the spies .
american would - be recruits from a qaeda a specific examination , analysts said .
because of their potential access to the us - objectives and your propagandawertes , you will but also as an extremely attractive for the group .
evan kohlmann , the highest ranking analysts of the nefa - foundation with seat in the us , said that terrorist groups are in the past few years has also become much more cautious in this regard , whom you will allow access , because the us secret services are experts in their rekrutierungsmethoden become .
if we try to someone in these groups , the better way could , as we go to follow the rekrutierungsmodell , which so many , are already followed ? kohlmann said .
the model is based much more now on the internet .
tens of thousands of demonstrators demand in copenhagen climate - ' action '
tens of thousands of demonstrators marched here on saturday , through the streets and demanding of the negotiators in the bella - kongresszentrum of the city kühneres act the fight against climate change .
demonstrators 100,000 people said that the event , while the polizeischätzungen rather by approximately 25,000 .
the event was relatively peacefully , although a handful of masked activists small detonators in the vicinity of some of the government in the inner city detonated .
on a day , as happened in the promoted by the un climate - change little , thousands of activists with transparent through the city , to which in english was ' there is no planet b ' and one in spanish , the declared that " the earth says " enough " .
a number of stars joined the protest , for example , the danish model , the photographer helena christensen , who said that the trips to peru , where their mother was born , to make their aware with what heart - breaking of the problems owing to the already perceptible effects of the country has to fight climate change .
this is part of the reasons why i have decided to participate in the large demonstration - in order to pass on the floor and to appeal to the world leader , to bring about a fair , ambitious and binding agreement , you said .
it is not an easy task , but it must now be done , and there is no longer any way , which is why herumführt .
the police , the demonstrators from close to the bella centre and said that you should have been 19 people arrested , mainly due to the fact that they were either hooded or taschenmesser mitführten .
according to the danish law , these actions , demonstrations were banned .
in accordance with a spectator , are not mentioned the wanted to , because , in the negotiations on climate change , it is involved , burned disguised demonstrators in black clothes several detonators in the vicinity of the copenhagen hauptkanals , near where several ministries are .
they rightly threw them in the vicinity of the buildings , and added that you , as he said leuchtraketen began , but then have been followed by " a few large explosions ' .
in the internal kongresszentrums , the people gathered in front of television screens , in order to pursue the whole afternoon the demonstration .
but the protest has the awareness of the hauptfunktionäre , like su as , china 's chefklimaunterhändler , does not seem to be achieved .
when he was asked , whether he thinks that the demonstration would have a constructive effect on the international considerations , he replied in english : ' that is something of which i was not even aware of me ' .
then he in continuing mandarin and said , " because the venue is large , i can hear not , what happened outside ' .
he stated that it from the perspective of the individual hillsides , whether the demonstration would help or harm .
it shows the concentration of the general public and various sectors to the issue of climate change , he said .
on the other hand , " you can also say , that they disturb the negotiations or the freedom of other people ' .
prüfungsdaten show persistent rassenkluft
the certificates to mathematikleistung were welcome last week good news for the public schools in washington d.c.
although the district of washington is still far behind the schools of the country , the produce excellence , the evidence show that the fourth and achtklässler faster progress than towns in the last two years , the atlanta , chicago and include new york , have made .
but what in the latest figures from the national assessment of the bildungsfortschritts ( national assessment of educational programme - including naep ) is , is the persistently leistungskluft between african - american and white pupils , both at local level , as well as national level .
the average scoring the white viertklässler from washington d.c. , in the last two years has risen by 262 to 270 ( on a range of 500 ) , the their african - american peers , but only rose by three points from 209 to 212 .
in reality , between 2007 and 2009 , the leistungskluft rose from 53 to 58 points .
the progress of the african - american basically remained constant achtklässler , he fell by a statistically significant point of 245 on 244 .
the average scoring white pupils was not included in the monitoring data , since the stichprobenumfang was not big enough .
the picture of a six - year period is also not encouraging .
the gap , which separated white and black viertklässler 2003 , as the first naep has been covered in this district , fraud 60 skalenpunkte ( 262 to 202 ) .
and although the points have achieved , the children of both groups , has grown in this period , has barely narrowed the difference with now 58 points .
last week some bildungsbefürworter of the district expressed their concern that the results of schulkanzlerin michelle example rhee and the democratic mayor adrian m. fenty was celebrated , on the largest part of white pupils , who are already powerful children , were pushed ahead .
this intimates that we the gesamtwertung by the treatment of those who have raised at the top end of the scale , which is difficult and problematic , jeff smith said , member of the board of dc voice , a nonprofit group for the bildungsgleichheit in washington dc .
i will not for a range of two or three points on and , down the democratic washington stadtratsmitglied , kwame r. brown said , the a daughter , in the fourth class of the eaton primary has .
brown , a frequent critics of the managementstils of rhee , said , the message the prüfungspunktzahlen is that the city the secondary need urgent attention .
of course you would like to always see the positive signs , i respect that .
but i am frightened , is that we are not close to spend time and energy , to which we for our mittelschule must use .
rhee said , the district of must continue to find better ways , in order to be to meet the needs of the leistungsschwachen pupils .
in this autumn , for example , will be some trained teachers to a new leselehrplan , the wilson - read - system , to use , the pupils in the upper classes of the primary and mittelschule which basic skills of the reading not at the start of their schullaufbahn have mastered and which are lagging behind significantly behind their peers classmates .
everyday mathematics , a curriculum , the from nursery school to the sixth class games and life experience in places the emphasis has been , under the former senior schulinspektor clifford janey be brought to washington and this curriculum , some of the naep - progress have been reported , attributed to the last week .
i believe that we must continue to work , the best measures to benefit the pupils , which are under the notenniveau , said rhee .
others say that the naep highlight - results of the question , whether rhee can continue to do so , to improve the performance of the system and will continue to the additional money and can provide the resources for the leistungsschwachen schools , which are necessary , in order to reduce the gap .
this is a serious dilemma for michelle rhee , bruce fuller said , a professor of education to the university of california at berkeley , of the urban audit work .
the conventional cure is , and management reforms its resources on the schools , which are in the poorest areas of washington , dc .
the objective could create political aftermath , the work against this important item on the agenda .
the weak point is of course , as in other urban schulinspektoren that they are trying to keep the white and black middle class .
our focus is to ensure that we set up a system a great schools .
we must strengthen our schools in the areas , so that all families , regardless of where they live , can be sure that their children an excellent public receive education can .
janey , the now schulinspektor in newark , is , in an interview this week said that one of the most important elements to the closure of the leistungskluft is , the traditional public school year , and at the moment that in washington around 180 days , to extend , in order to compete with the charter schools .
we must increase the school year to nearly 200 days , in order to have the strength to change , janey said , the last year with its teachers to an agreement on 185 days per year , the he as " a milestone ' on the road to a greater increase in the next treaty .
university education for more people than future
the coach achieved the gettysburg - college , with a resounding pipes .
graciela rodriguez , 12 , rising from and blinzelt a moment at the sight of the white pillars , ziegelsteinfassaden and of the smaragdgrünen turf .
gracielas parents have little to the end of the high school diploma was sufficient in el salvador .
until recently had also graciela , which has been recovered in silver spring and now lives in riverdale , never set foot on a college campuses .
its attitude and the other achtklässler the group , to explore the gettysburg , where the teaching costs usd 38.690 per year , was the a ehrfurchtsvollen visitor , rather than that of the enthusiastic future students .
' yes ! here , i will soon be ! ' , called graciela , who would like to study medicine , as the leader announced that they had now for science enter the building .
" wow , really ? " she said to food for thought , as the low professor - to - school students ratio was reported .
the college in pennsylvania was the 7 , which the children on their three - day tour have visited and now they have the intended message : the question is not included in full , whether we are going to the college .
the question is , where .
on the one hand , there is a growing concern about the large number of children born in the united states hispanischer immigrants , what the high school diploma was sufficient not end or as a teenager become pregnant , on the other hand , there are also , however , hundreds of thousands of which the collegeausbildung received , which is necessary in the middle class , in order .
in truth , one of five of these ' second generation of hispanoamerikaner " the college – what is a remarkable achievement , since many of their immigrant parents , most came from mexico and central america , in the united states , without to have completed the high school diploma was sufficient .
your success stories are important , researchers , because they say for a generation , which play a huge role in the labor force of the country will show , the way forward .
, assess the powerful children , those who say that this often have a natural affinity for school and inherent in them a boost to success .
many of you have also parents to set high targets , the their children and to find ways to compensate for their lack of familiarity with american schools .
but beratungsprogramme also play a major role , by they graciela and millions of children as they help in college to come , especially if these efforts continue on a long period of time .
if we regarded low - income children whose parents have not the experience and skills to help them in the wegsuche by the system , then a single measure at any time will not solve the problem either , patricia gándara said , a researcher at the university of california , davis , and the hispanoamerikanische students examined .
we must think about , for these children a supportive network of pre- school up by the high school diploma was sufficient available .
the bundesprogramm , had financed the tour gracielas college , is a useful example .
it is known as the gear up a gear - and is more than $ 300 million per year available for local school systems , in order to launch , the college - vorbereitungsprogramme begin , if low - income pupils in the mittelschule are continuing and , until you have completed the high school diploma was sufficient .
in accordance with the us department for education the programme has since 1999 helped more than 10 million pupils , 60 % of whom more than in college are gone .
iraqi oil ministry involves treaties with 10 foreign oil companies from
despite concerns about violence and political instability has concluded the iraqi government in two on saturday auctions can get greater oil companies , the victim of its infrastructure , rebuild .
the 10 contracts concluded with foreign oil companies of the iraqi ölministeriums suggest that china , russia , and european oil companies are prepared , an important role to play in the renovation of iraqi oil industry , which is paralysed for decades by war and economic sanctions .
american companies could only shares in two notch the 10 auctioned fields for itself .
for the seven american enterprises had paid for participation in the second auction , which has begun on friday .
the only company , which has made a requirement , has drawn the shorter .
two american contracts for companies have been able to conclude in june auctioned fields .
the sparsely gesäten representatives american oil companies in the opening up of iraqi oil industry surprised the analysts .
the iraq war has finally after 6 years opened its doors and instead of asian give us - businesses and european the way , said ruba husari , the editor of iraq oil forum , a online intelligence service .
it will be a long be no further offers in the iraq .
security , the also emphasised by massive coordinated bombing on tuesday , and the political instability by the withdrawal of the us military american oil companies will probably have stopped , analysts , said to be increasingly engaged in iraq , of the third largest proven reserves of crude oil has the world .
us companies were in some cases a disadvantage , because competitors , particularly the chinese and other state - controlled energy companies , have significantly lower wage costs , and more risks because they shareholders must not accountable .
exxon mobil and occidental petroleum , inc were the only american businesses , been able to conclude the treaties with the department .
larger us firms , such as chevron and conocophillips , the with the iraqi oil ministry close relations and in the past years with technical council were to side , are empty .
the russian companies lukoil and gazprom were the main protagonists in two treaties of this weekend stressed therein .
the state china national petroleum corporation has for more contracts than any other companies and it was given in treaties with major packages for two major fields to go home .
we all know , the spokesman of the ölministeriums , assam jihad , said that china is on the road , one of the great of the global economy and to be a technologiemacht .
we are convinced that the chinese companies with its mitbietern measure can and will meet its obligations to iraq .
for the gebotsabgabe vorausgewählte companies gave commandments , what were then compared with the fee per barrel oil , which was prepared to figures , the ministry of the emissions of each surface goes beyond the current level to increase .
top - planners apparently al qaeda in pakistan killed
in an obvious us - rocket attack on afghanistan along the pakistani border , this week is to be a top - al qaeda einsatzplaner has been killed , as reported representatives of the us - fight against terrorism on friday .
this would , if it is to confirm , the second deadly attack on a high leaders of the terrorist organisation in this autumn .
saleh al-somali was one of the two arabs , which , in accordance with the us - sources and pakistani authorities of the region by a number of missiles are to be killed , the on tuesday her car in the near the city of miran shah in the province of north waziristan met .
local authorities have been reported that the rockets fired by a drohnentyp , which will be set up by the cia in the lawless tribal pakistan .
they were in a white vehicle in the direction of the afghan border , as the car has been taken , said a regulator a pakistani civil secret service from miran shah by telephone .
local , who are suspected , to belong to the militants , ran to the point and quickly took everything to itself , what was left of the ' been completely destroyed bodies ' .
the local authorities , the identity of the victims not have been able to confirm but two representatives of the us - led fight against terrorism an indefinite evidence that somali was one of the dead .
somali has been described as the leading military planners the al qaeda , the operations of terrorist groups outside the region led afghanistan - pakistan .
he was involved in conspiracies in the world , said a senior officials , the wanted to remain anonymous , and on the delicate nature of the us - american air strikes in pakistani territory referred .
if you accept its central role as a given , this also comprise the planning of attacks against the us and europe .
it adopted by al qaeda strategic instructions from the topführern of in operationsplanungen for possible terrorist attacks , and , it set up in order .
the second american authorities said that somali quickly in the al qaeda is advanced hierarchy and best links with other extremist used in the region .
he may not be aware , the second said some americans , but this not reduce the danger that the officials it represented for us and our allies .
if his death would be confirmed , somali would be the second leading al qaeda - or talibanführer , since september was killed , than in a similar attack najmuddin jalolov , the leader of a militant group in the tribal and three other topaktivisten have been killed .
the pace of attacks unmanned air vehicles by the cia is , in accordance with a summary of the long since the summer was journal , a web site operated by a voluntary organisation , from an average of six operations per month to two fallen .
the decline can be based on improved tactics of terrorist groups , have taken the steps to reduce their vulnerability and , at the same time in the suspected informers brutally kill , the side reported .
leading un envoy in kabul will resign
the leading envoy of the un in afghanistan , kai eide , said , on friday , that he will resign from his office in the march , which would end of a stormy term of office , the allegations of widespread corruption in the afghan supported by the un presidential election , were tarnished .
oath redundancy , as the obama has decided - government , a further 30 000 us - to send troops to afghanistan .
the un special representative said that he supports the troop from , but also he expressed his concern about the fact that the us - timetable for the military withdrawal , which is to begin in 18 months , other nato governments could lead to withdraw its armed forces .
we must speed up the construction of the afghan security forces and sends out the right signal to the afghans , that they can trust the international community , said mr eide , says in a radio interview from kabul .
the commitment must be in the long term .
the norwegian diplomat urging the united states and other military powers , to increase the number of the international civilian workers to help in the political changeover of afghanistan .
the troop on the military side must correspond to an increase on the civilian side , he said .
mr eide , says he said that he should resign his office , but not only a agreement made in march 2008 his family to fulfil , just two years to remain in kabul .
he said that he wants to the notification of un
secretary - general ban ki - moon now pass , so that he had time to ensure , for a substitute .
what i said , is that it starts better , to seek a successor , said mr eide , says .
when i came here , there was a zweimonatiges vacuum between the departure of my predecessor , and my arrival .
ban has in accordance with un representatives with the search for a replacement started .
the un representatives say that it is the swedish - italian - descended staffan di mistura , the recently led the un mission in baghdad and the french jean - marie general guéhenno , of the un - led peace - keeping operations , previously took into consideration .
oath position in afghanistan has been put to the test , after his former deputy , peter w. galbraith , had accused him in september , and president hamid karzai to favour in the presidential election in the country and on a massive electoral fraud to conceal the evidence .
eide has also rejected all accusations , but he said that the accusations made by galbraith - which has been fired - have undoubtedly damage ' of the mission , because it is already a great degree of scepticism in relation to the international interference in the choice was ' .
mr eide , says he said that he has recommended the appointment of a leading civilian representative , in order to coordinate the aid of the american - led forces in afghanistan .
he has also pressed for the un leadership its successor , allowed more staff from the united states and other western countries , the donations , and for the afghan mission said that this would strengthen their confidence in it , that their money is used properly .
eide expressed his disappointment on the restriction of forces in afghanistan to expression and said that the cumbersome un einstellungsregelungen have undermined its opportunities to introduce capable people .
the un rules are designed in such a way that i since may , so could he said , that only a person .
this is disastrous and must not continue .
us defense gates : iran must reckon with additional sanctions
friday defense robert m. gates said that the world powers will soon be " significant " on iran be impose additional sanctions , because he has not taken part in discussions on its nuclear .
gates spoke during a 7 - days visit by the war zones in afghanistan , and in the iraq to a group of approximately 300 us soldiers in northern iraq and the prospect of a military action against played down the islamic republic of iran .
in iran are no good opportunities for election , he said in response to the question of soldiers the likelihood of such a development .
' one of the things that are on the soul to me , is that if we in the last six years have learned something from the iraq , the the war own unpredictability . "
the obama government prefers a sanktionspaket in recital , which aims at iran 's political and military elite , but also the gates has announced that some sanctions durchschnittsiraner might affect .
he said that a " package of positive incentives and disincentives ' is necessary to ' in order to convince the iranian government that , in reality , they with nuclear arms is less protected ' , because " their people monsters ' will suffer under the sanctions .
on friday , in an opinion by the speaker of the white house , robert gibbs , the american government joined the european political leaders in of the warning that " iran with ' credible consequences must not , if it with its nuclear programme the demands of the un security council and its nuclear watchdog , the international atomic energy agency .
iran claims that the knowledge of the nuclear power stations are to be won only for peaceful purposes .
during the talks in geneva on 1 october , iran said that he would reintroduce the talks on the restriction of its nuclear programme and to an essential part of its lagerbestands of depleted uranium in exchange for urgently needed nuklearbrennstoff would forgo for his medical research .
the us government has pushed for this type of agreement , in order to build the trust between the two parties and time for negotiations to gain .
iran appears but since this time the negotiations have to rely on the provisional agreement -- partly , experts say , because the iranian leadership is divided about , whether they should commit themselves to the united states .
iran that the international community in relation to a number of proposals to which they had already been agreed in early october , simply left , has , frankly , the international community , including the russians and chinese , to put together a way , as it in connection with important additional sanctions for iran have never been , gates said .
president obama has set a deadline of 31 dez. for the iran , to respond to these proposals , before he other options , including those , the secretary of state hillary rodham clinton once called " crippling sanctions , " will continue to pursue .
in a statement made in new york has condemned the iranian representation in the united nations , what you on thursday ' groundless assertions ' without and foundation of certain members of the security council to the iranian atomaktivitäten called and said that they are prepared , the talks to continue with the united states and five other world powers , ' in order to achieve a suitable long- term solution ' .
gates , should the to return to washington last friday , met on tomorrow , with iraqi prime minister nouri al-maliki , before it in the oil - rich kurdish region in the iraq to take part in meetings with the soldiers in kirkuk and with the kurdish authorities in irbil flew .
the tensions between the kurds and the arab majority in the iraq are still high , in particular in relation to borders , property rights , and because the distribution of public revenues .
gates urged both sides , to reduce the potential for conflict , in order to prevent delays of the us plans , the american troops , up until the end of august of 115 000 to 50 , 000 to reduce .
gates also sought , to dispel the kurdish concern on the forthcoming a withdrawal of troops . us representatives to masood barzani , quoted gates , the president of the kurdish regional government , has said : ' we will their security , prosperity and their autonomy within a united iraq .
we will not leave it ' .
a change of direction in the ageing china
wang weijia and her husband grew surrounded by propagandaplakaten on , the ' mother earth to you considered that lectures , that is tired , in order to maintain ' and ' a further children baby more means a grave more ' .
these lessons have you learned is that , than government officials so well in shanghai , and the by the low birth rate , and the ageing population in this summer , suddenly , began to change the course and young couples ermunterten , more than to have a child , their response immediately and finally was : ' in no case ' .
we have already invested all of our time and energy in a child .
is nothing left for a second child , wang , 31 , said a personalleiterin with an 8 - month old son .
more than 30 years after the introduction of the a - child policy in china , the two generations of notoriously dicklichen , verzogenen einzelkindern , be called the affectionately ' small emperor ' , has produced , is a bevölkerungskrise in the country .
the average birth rate is to 1.8 children per couple compared to 6 entered into force at the time that this policy , fallen , the un
department for population , while the number of the population of 60 years and older in the year 2020 by enjoys 16.7 % of the population to 31,1 % by the year 2050 will increase exponentially . this is far on the global average of around 20 % .
the imbalance is with educated population in rich coastal cities , like shanghai , more .
last year have 60 - year - olds and older almost 22 % of the reported residents shanghai , identified , while the birth rate under a child has been a per - couple .
zhenhua lingli , leader of the shanghai stadtbevölkerungs - and familienplanungskomission has said that couples in the normal reproductive age babies must be given , in order to help ' , the relationship to reduce the ageing population and the labour force of the future to alleviate ' .
shanghai will soon be ' -- but not so rich -- as old as the industrialised countries , such as japan and sweden , be , ' she said .
a gradual easing
in the country 's constitution in 1978 enshrined , china 's one- child policy will probably be the most controversial disposal , which was introduced by the ruling communist party until today .
couples , which are in breach of this policy , must reckon with huge fines -- up to its triple annual in some regions -- and with discrimination in their work .
chinese staatsvertreter attributed to have this policy is that the critical demands of the natural landesressourcen could be avoided , while human rights abuses in the enforcement of the policy have condemned .
in rural regions have a number of officials , pregnant women , the already had a child , forced abortion .
many couples had also geschlechtsselektive abortions carried out , which was a unnatural balance of women to men .
in the past years , officials have for population is gradually moderated their attitude to the a - child policy .
2004 , they have allowed for more exceptions to the rule -- including city dwellers , members of ethnic minorities and cases , in which both husband and wife have been einzelkinder -- and 2007 was the tone many hard moderated slogans .
qiao xiaochun , a professor at the institute for bevölkerungsforschung the university of beijing , said that officials have recently discussed even on radical amendments , for example , couples to allow two children , in which a partners einzelkind is .
shanghai , was the first chinese city in july , which has launched a aggressive campaign to promote more births .
posters , the families belehrten , only to have a child , almost overnight of directives have been replaced , which describe in detail , who for a second child into question is and how we can apply for the authorisation .
the town hall has urban employees and voluntary sent for family planning , couples at home and among the doors durchzuschieben fact sheets .
you also asked , psychological and financial advice to the available to the more than have a child .
the response was not encouraging , familienplanungsvertreter said .
disappointing response
although officials from a rural town in the shanghai außenbereichen of said , that a recovery in the applications of couples to recognise is that after the launch of the campaign against a wish to second child , the urban districts report no change .
in the community of huinan with a population of as an example still go up 115 000 per month only four to five requests .
disappointed shanghai officials say that the expected for 2010 number of births in the city still despite the campaign in approximately 165,000 will be -- a little higher than in 2009 , but lower than in 2008 .
feng juying , leader of the familienplanungskomitees of the shanghai community caolu , said that financial considerations are probably the main reason why many people do not want to have more children .
they want to give their first the best , she said .
yang jiawei , 27 , and his wife , liu juanjuan , 26 , said that they would like to have two children , and this is also legally allowed .
but they have , such as many chinese , only a minor sick and life insurance , the government .
without a social network , they say , this decision would be irresponsible .
people in the west assess the a - child policy falsely as a question of human rights , yang , a certain construction engineer , whose mrs said in the seventh month with their first child is pregnant .
indeed , it is robbing us the opportunity to have more than a child .
but the problem is not simply in a policy .
the problem is money .
other couples give psychological reasons for their hesitate .
wang , the personalleiterin , has said that it would just like to a child , because it was also a einzelkind . ' we have been the centre of the family and used that each of us has been .
we are not accustomed to us to deal with other and do this also not really want to . '
chen zijian , a 42 - year old , which the übersetzungsunternehmen belongs , said it plain .
for parents from the medium- sized enterprises with doppelkarriere , by the the birth rate is falling , he said , revolves around is to be a success and that we must be selfish .
the today , 20 - 39 - year - olds age group , so that on their parents grew during the early days of the chinese kapitalismusexperiments fight and they want to see no way a life for themselves , he said .
also , a single child he said , makes huge demands to the time of the parents .
a mother must abandon their social life at least for two years .
then there is the raumfrage -- " we must rebuild his home ' -- and the life -- " if the child 9 months old , it is already have to have a curriculum vitae facilities for the best nursery schools ' .
most of his friends are prepared , this a time of trouble , chen said , but not two time .
our generation is the first , the has achieved a higher standard of living , he said .
we want to bring not too many victims .
un group drawing up plan to reduce emissions
the fed by the un climate conference -- which up to now characterised by wild poznań and mutual accusations -- has on friday , publication of a document again be a priority , the for the next 40 years recording an ambitious reduction of greenhouse gases , with the industrialized countries in the near future the greatest burden shoulders to .
the text , the basis for a final political agreement on the regulation of greenhouse gases could provide , has displayed both the remaining obstacles , as also shown the way forward .
but it has been seen as an important progress in a negotiation , the time is assuming , since more than 100 leaders from all world next week will arrive in copenhagen .
the text , the un working group established by a special was formulated , is silent on the money supply from , the rich countries of the poor countries that should be so that these short and long term can meet the global warming .
it also provides a range of options for the key issues , including such as industry and large emerging - market economies can restrict their carbon - emitting and how high the upper limit value of the global temperature increase should be , the political decision - makers would support .
the process will be given a great deal of flexibility , as john coequyt , a senior representative of the sierra clubs in washington .
michael zammit cutajar , of the six pages of document has drafted , has summed up a 180 sides long negotiations , in order to , which is what the in the heart of the leading klimaschutzvertreter of the un , ivo de boer , has described as " the great whole ' .
it shows the footprint of a possible agreement , in what the industrial nations together their emissions by 25 % to 45 per cent by 2020 , compared with the limit values in 1990 , would reduce , while major developing countries , their emissions would reduce by 15 to 30 % in the same period .
together , the countries could reduce the emissions by 50 % and 95 % by 2050 .
the european community has the talks on friday also a given to boost by your assurance on the next three years $ 3.6 billion per year , in order to help poorer countries , adapt to the effects of climate change - from the face of the floods , droughts and avoiding deforestation .
nevertheless , the friday , the same verbal fireworks , which the discussions in the last week had intended .
the american klimasonderbeauftragte envoy todd stern began has rejected wording , the binding reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in industrialised countries , compared with voluntary reductions demand for greater emerging economies , if this will not be financed from the developed countries .
this train has announced that the obama government a tougher line with china , as the representative of the bush government is , not even two years ago .
the united states will not sign up to an agreement , without any significant emerging countries stand up and take action , so stern , also the lamented the fact that the text does not go far enough , ensure that the reductions also outside it could be confirmed .
stern was a deputy hour after the declaration of the chinese secretary of state its opinion he yafei , the stated that it was the leading american klimaunterhändler either lacks ' of common sense ' or ' it was highly irresponsible " of him that he said at the beginning of the week that the united states would not financially assist china to meet the global warming .
by the fact that the future economic direction of the great world powers is at stake , both within the developed countries , as also opened up between the developed countries and the emerging economies fault lines .
the current fight refers also to the rescue of individual economies , as well as to the rescue of the planet , with china and the united states , because of their respective commitments squabbles , while poorer countries say that the two dozen most influential countries , ignore the scientific need to take bolder steps .
ricardo ulate , a delegate from costa rica , said that it is not surprising that the great powers are fighting , who should bear the costs for the bremsung of the greenhouse gas emissions , because even the countries affected have begun to proceed , aggressive in making , the countries with very high treibhausgasabgabe to account for their actions .
it is clear that this is a game , which will develop a new economic dominance , so ulate , as the regional is klimawandelberater working for conservation internationally in mexico and central america .
some of the countries that are the most exposed to the effects of climate change , said that they would continue to fight on a legally binding treaty in copenhagen , although the leading participants to say that the discussions in the best - case scenario will lead to a political agreement .
the alliance of small island states with 43 members , in the early friday morning has produced a 24 - page draft treaty .
artur runge - butcher , who is leading the international climate negotiations for the european commission , has said , that the offensive of small island states ' political pressure on the whole political process , " partly that is why , because now they are united and measures of the emerging countries , such as china and india , are calling for .
the talks , got a new urgency , as the delegates have focused on the fact that , most of the open questions still to the arrival of the government leaders need to be resolved , in order to come to an agreement .
's high - level representatives , as the indian minister of the environment minister , jairam ramesh , and the chinese vice - minister entstiegen its aircraft and around through the corridors of the bella centre to meetings behind closed doors and press conferences to claims posts , which will be negotiated during the next week .
the pure -- 13 000 people are on a daily basis in the extent of the assembly kongresszentrum a and from , organise gitarrespielende activists shows at night , in which they are making fun of on the countries which , betray your opinion , and sell , and draft treaty will be passed on from hand to hand rather than by e-mail -- is already a challenge .
the intensity builds just on : almost all the important ministers are here now and from wednesday 60 government leaders will be in copenhagen .
we shall now proceed to the oberliga , said carlos manuel rodriguez , vice - president for global policy of organisation conservation internationally .
the heavyweights come .
britain 's first 225 km / h faster train defines the montagsgefühl new
on monday morning at 5 in the 13 will penetrate the darkness , in order to announce a zugabfahrt a pipe , which is a revolution in transport in the united kingdom .
the first hochgeschwindigkeitspendlerzug in the country is in its blitzfahrt of ashfort , kent , after the london st pancras 225 km / h achieve and 93 km in 38 minutes to go .
to lord adonis , the transport ministers , will then lady kelly holmes , drawn up on board of the first javelin pendlerservices from london .
he hopes , that the new service united kingdom , finally , to an international rail network quicker , more reliable trains ankoppeln will and the major urban areas of the midlands , and of the north of scotland to london coast will .
the neglected province could be to living pendlerstädten , arbeitsanfahrtszeiten would be radically reduced and the switch from aircraft and car to the railways would national carbon emissions and reduce the congestion on the roads .
in theory believe the three large parties in this vision .
but the british pound , the many billion are needed for the construction of a new national network , the inevitable planungsschlacht and fears about environmental damage could in the british hochgeschwindigkeitsgleisen still the brakes .
high speed two ( hs2 ) , a company in january , the government is to present a viability study , will lord adonis deliver according to the times , the report on 30 december .
this would give it a detailed streckenkarte the next stage of the high - speed rail network .
the new railway line , the london with is to link the west midlands , with a margin of five metres will pass to urban areas and in places , where the impact on the environment are controversial .
in the free movement of terrain , the plan will the concept within a gap of 25 metres from the final route .
hs2 should also three options for a greater , northwards leading produce high - speed rail network .
lord adonis will respond in the spring .
the preferred option proposed is a y - shaped routing , in which a single high - speed link would lead in the west midlands .
the route would are in , or in the vicinity of birmingham parts and a abzweig would lead west of the pennines to manchester and scotland and the other in the direction of north - east after sheffield , leeds and newcastle upon tyne .
a single line would lead to scotland .
" it appears to be the most effective option , " a rail insider said .
after the completion , the journeys would reduce between london and edinburgh to 2 hours 40 minutes .
the first section , which would not be opened in 2025 , would allow the travellers , the london - birmingham route in 49 minutes today , compared with just over one hour , to go .
the drafts , with a speed of the trains are offering the opportunity to travel 400 km / h , which the british rail network would be the fastest of europe .
the first line has been planned , so that 400 metres long trains can operate with a maximalkapazität of 1.100 people point .
up to 18 trains per hour on the london - route birmingham could be in operation .
this would mean that a terminus in london would be necessary , could be done on the travellers 20,000 per hour .
in view of the spatial restrictions in the capital , is expected that a existing railway station would be extended to the high - speed network .
bahnexperten say that only st pancras internationally or euston have this potential .
lord adonis will be aware , whether or not this plan its opinion should be continued , but the lengthy public consultancy and planning mean that a final decision will be taken only after the parliamentary elections .
even if the wheels in motion , however , it is , in sections of the network must be built .
the trains should first of all the high - speed lines to existing railway lines in the north of birmingham change , which the route between london and scotland would be to continue over three hours .
this is a crucial sticking point , so that a shift from air to rail can be ensured , a beacon for the schienenrevolution .
for 75 000 , come for mortgage pounds of taxpayers ' money - orangerie across a conservative on
alan duncan , the leading unterhausmitglied of the conservatives , has the per year thousands of pounds of taxpayers ' money for the cost of orangerie across into account , which it is in his home in his constituency build deported .
the gefängnissprecher of the party , which has been reduced by david cameron , because it is complaining that unterhausmitglieder ' of minimal rations " have to live , has increased its gbp 75 000 mortgage , in order to get an eichenholz - fachwerkanbau to be zweithaus in rutland to build .
he was allowed to the taxpayers the additional zinsaufkommen to take into account , a sum of £ hundreds of per month .
the responsible of the house of commons have the amendments approved at the time and they have also been questioned by sir thomas legg not carry out , with a review of the expenditure of the unterhausmitglieder . last night duncan said that the applications ' could not have been or more comprehensible even cleaner ' .
duncan , one of the richest unterhausmitglieder , has a zweistöckiges rutland and melton house in a village in his constituency .
in the near , the houses have a purchase price of nearly a million pounds ( reached eur 1.1 million ) .
the ground floor includes cuisine , residential and esszimmer , but the fees office , a ausgabenkontrollstelle of the house of commons , has agreed , that duncan needs more place .
last year he has a wintergarten grown , of the will be called the ' orangerie across ' in the plans .
neighbours described it as a " glass houses for entertainment ' .
duncan was also during a recent inquiry into its previous mortgages by not invited to the committee on standards and privileges , to increase the borrow money to take a position .
the committee has it last month after an inquiry into its expenditure cleared by the breach of the rules .
2004 has duncan the security for a mortgage on 271.406 £ ( eur 300 , 000 ) from his house in london , the transfer its wahlkreishaus in 1991 he , a year before the election of the member of parliament who had bought .
this week published documents show that duncan to £ 1,400 until march of last year ( euro ) 1 500 per month as hypothekenzins reimbursed , .
in april its claims rose more than £ 1 800 ( eur 2 000 ) per month .
the interest rate of duncans rbs - mortgage has not changed during this time , which suggests , for the whole of the increase to the financing of the borrow money from £ 75 000 ( eur 85 000 ) served .
the ordinary stufenlose rbs - hypothekenzins of 7,94 % in the december 2007 dropped to 4 % in march this year , where he is still is .
the latest documents show that duncan published by the house in this may continue to be entitled to £ 1.250 claimed ( eur 1,400 ) per month .
duncan lost his position as opposition leader of the house of commons , in september after a undercover - reporters filming him in that , as he said after the ausgabenskandal that meps ' of meagre rations were living ' .
' essentially it means , if you for the state of working , that we of lean rations life must and will be treated as s * * * * * e . "
he said : ' i have spent my money for my garden and entitled to a tiny part , have , in terms of what is heard .
and i would have the whole damned sum can demand , but i am not doing it . '
the member from his previous career , millionaire as ölgroßhändler , the first time in may was attacked because of its expenditure , when it became clear that he had demanded thousands of pounds for his garden , before he had checked with the fees office that this ' could be regarded as excessive demand . "
an activist , as a protest in duncans lawn a hole in the form of a pfundzeichens dug , after it became known that he £ 4 000 over three years ( eur 4 500 ) had demanded .
last night , when he was asked about the increased mortgage , duncan : " this was said by both the fees office , as well as point following legg to value have been approved . "
he added : ' there is no risk of a debate on avoid and durchschlängeln or a bend the rules or similar .
everything is totally transparent and moved strictly within the rules is approved and everything .
it could not be clearer and clean . "
is all their believers , in order to brightons strandhütten - advent calendar to admire
strandhütten 's bean feast in brighton have found the winter months for a new livelihoods as interactive advent calendar .
' beyond ' , an alternative to spiritual kirchengruppe , the discoveries invited by encourage creativity , has 24 owners to their informal shacks for each dezembertag with weihnachtsliedern as subject to dekorieren .
the event on 1 december and visitors were launched every day of the latest shack 17:30 in free glühwein until 6.30 p.m. and traditional mince pies , with full dried fruit gebäckstücken , look at .
up until now the christmas selected are ' i saw three ships ' , ' o come , o come , emmanuel ' and ' the first noël ' , and here the hüttendekoration the work of janette tozer is , a local artist .
martin poole , 50 , a television marketingassistent from hove , is a voluntary cleric heads of the chichester - ' and beyond .
he said : ' we want to religion for the people in a post- christian society to make important of them again .
why do we as church of the people that they arrive in a strange old buildings ? i think that the church should organise go to the people and enthusiastic celebrate .
the idea of strandhütten advent calendar began as a conversation with some of my friends at the dinner .
brighton is a creative and lively fantastic the ground and we try to express that through our spirituality ' .
strong mobilisation in copenhagen , and in the world for the climate .
tens of thousands of people have on saturday worldwide and demonstrated in copenhagen , in order an ambitious and binding agreement on the fight against global warming to demand , where the police has made several hundreds of arrests .
at least thirty thousand people according to police , hundreds of thousands of according to the organisers , are moving in the cold the danish capital , on the fringes of the united nations climate change conference , the until friday , should lead to einemabschluss the could enter into force from 2013 .
for connie hedegaard danish chairman of the conference on climate change , is increasing mobilization in the world for in the climate to what is illustrated by this demonstrierungen , that the ' would be very high political price of ' a unsuccessful in copenhagen .
the incidents in the danish capital were a short time after the train vorbeigangen is , rather , as a group of the 300 demonstrators , dressed in black , had to crush showcase with paving stones and discreet , , a journalist of the afp stated .
account police officers have immediately and without anti- unrest , intervened .
the police has announced , daß600 to 700 people , according to their assessment mainly members " the blacks blocs , " this extremely violent factions , which has already been made to the nato summit in strasbourg famous have , in the east of france , in april , have been arrested .
the coalition climate justice action ( cja ) , one of the organizers of the demonstration , has the conditions under which hundreds of militants were arrested , and strongly criticised ' without distinction ' , has stressed that about a hundred of you still ' on saturday evening were held in the streets in handcuffs and insitzposition , " despite the extreme cold .
the more peaceful train is by parliament in the direction of the bella gone centres , where the negotiations were taking place .
the demonstrators have stopped around 500 metres away from the buildings , without joining attempt .
a stage was installed , of the proposed spokesman , for a evening with candles able to welcome heissen , with the participation of the former south african archbishop , desmond tutu .
the majority of the demonstrators is with büssen and trains , but also come from the large european cities , including some chinese and koreans many asians were present , as well as some of the africans .
about 3,000 people , most of them with himmelblauen regenmänteln , have made a first auflauf on the morning in copenhagen , because they are followed the call of the friends of the earth , " blue tides ' for the " klimajustiz to form ' .
now we are on the roads , to repair the environmental blame in favour of the south to demand , stated lidy nacpil , filippinische activist the jubilee south coalition in copenhagen .
we can continue not so and say : we have the time , said angelique kidjo , singer from benin .
there are rivers in africa the dry up , wasserläufewo we can walk , as it was never the case in the past .
for the first time in the history of the climate diplomacy , founded in 1992 with the adoption of the un agreement , has the anti- globalisation movement in the environmental organisations closer together .
the meps , josé bové the shape of the anti- globalisation , announced that he came to copenhagen in order to link ' climate justice and social ' : ' today there is no differences between the kampft against global warming and the fight for another world . '
the asia - pacific area , where many islands are , as a result of the warming are particularly at risk , has given the go - ahead for the demonstrations .
approximately 50 , 000 people are taken to the streets in australia , according to the organisers .
in manila , there were some hundreds of people , are mostly students , the marching in red and bandanas have raised , in which they have praised the solar energy .
in hong kong or in djakarta , but also in canada , fandenaufmärsche of some hundreds of demonstrators , rather than , in order to demand a firm action against the climate change .
in france , the demonstrations that have been organised by the ' 350 ' network , a few hundred people gather , namely in paris , in marseilles ( south ) , ( north ) in lille , in bordeaux ( west ) , and in lyon ( east ) .
in geneva have gathered some people .
the separatist abkhazia has denounced its elected president , georgia , that it is a " joke " .
abkhazia has on saturday its elected president , this was a bit more than a year after moscow this pro- russian separatist georgian area have recognised as self- employed , the ' joke ' denunzierte tbilisi .
approximately 131.000 people have been called upon , in the first election after the russian - georgian war of august 2008 for the control on the south ossetian territory participate , another georgian sezessionistisches area that has been recognised by russia .
the polling stations have at 17 gmt closed .
the turnout fraud a few hours before the wahllokalschließung approximately 58 % , according to the abkhazian wahlkommissionverantwortlichen .
the first vorlaüfigen results in the night of saturday on sunday should be made known .
the five candidates , including the president , to date serguei bagapch , reject categorically reject the idea of reunification with georgia , which condemns the election .
these elections are a farce .
the georgian president mikheil , its regretted saakachvili that abkhazia now under russicher totalbesetzung is , has its press , manana manjgaladze , declared .
in addition to russia , have only nicaragua and venezuela with 216.000 inhabitants recognised the independence of this territory , while the rest of the world it as a part of georgia , dasillegal is occupied by russia to accept .
after during the conflict in 1992 - in 1993 , it had several tens of thousands of people died , and separated from georgia , abkhazia , by means of this election would like to prove that it is willing to accede to the international community .
this process is a step in our new life , a new era has , as an independent state , include svetlana kvartchia , a 54 -year-old historian , which claims fürherrn bagapch elected to said .
it was one of the elected , the election in a polling station , which is in a school was in the capital soukhoumi , was choose , a beautiful weisses buildings with a few palm trees in the entrance .
the question of the russian dominance is at the heart of this presidential election , in a region , with beautiful countryside on the black sea .
large placards on which bagapch on the side of the russian president and of the government , president dmitri medvedev and vladimir putin , to see is , in this small area are everywhere that has 216.000 inhabitants .
in gali that in the east of the country finds itself , the distriktchef , beslan archba , has prepared a warmherziges welcome to the russian representatives , who have come , in order to oversee the organisation of elections .
we , the abkhazian people , are grateful that he has said in a small celebration , a reference to the support of moscow , in particular with regard to the decision to recognise abkhazia autonomy .
i hope that your country will soon be recognised by the united nations , replied alexei ostrovski , a member of the russian parliament and has a glass of vodka .
the opposition , the vice - president and two by the former russian businessmen was represented , zaous ardzinba and beslan boutba , has the agreements , the criticised have been taken in the last year , with moscow , such as in one of the abkhazia russia leaves the monitoring of the railways for 10 years .
the fifth candidate , vitaly banba , claims that neither the present government nor the opposition to support .
a majority of 50 % plus a voice is necessary , in order to gain the election .
if none of the candidates achieved this limit value , a second round of elections within two weeks must be organised .
climate : demos worldwide , incidents in copenhagen
tens of thousands of people have on saturday demonstrating everywhere in the world , in order to an ambitious and binding treaty to demand of the copenhagen climate conference , when the operational police force , at any time , approximately 700 people , on the brink of a important demonstration were arrested .
thirty thousand people according to police , hundreds of thousands in the nachmittagskälte according to the organisers have demonstrated in the danish capital which , until 18.dezember receives the delegates from 193 countries , the agreement on the search for a , which is to enter into force on january 2013 , are .
from the peaceful train invaded by parliament in the direction of the bella centre , where the negotiations will take place .
the demonstrators have approximately 500 metres away from the centre and have not sought penetrate encouraged .
a stage was set up to the proposed spokesperson for a evening with candles welcome heissen able to , with the participation of the former south african archbishop , desmond tutu .
a few moments after the train was surpassed , has a group of demonstrators , the very dressed in black and with backsteine and armed with hammers were , started , windows eingzuschlagen , , a journalist of the afp stated .
police officers have it immediately become encircled anti- unrest and have intervened without regard to some of you have thrown on the ground by it .
the police has announced daß600 until 700 people have been arrested and has made it clear that it is mainly members ' the blacks blocs ' , these extremely violent factions , which has already been made to the nato summit in strasbourg famous have , in the east of france , in april .
against evening suffered a policeman during the incidents , in which , according to police around 20 people have been provisionally arrested , on the chin , a violation by a pflasterstein . four burned vehicles in the vicinity of an occupied house .
' we have the extreme groups in the grip ' , the spokesman of police , henrik jakobsen declared , while the helicopters of law and order in the air circling .
most of the demonstrators by rail or from major german cities with their own car , from london , amsterdam or from milan anreisten , were europeans .
however , it was also , including chinese and koreans , many asians and africans .
almost 3 000 people , mostly in the himmelblauen regenmantel , regrouped in copenhagen on tomorrow after the appeal of the ' friends of the earth ' to a first group , which the ' blue seas ' for ' should be climate justice ' .
' today we are on the streets to demand that the environmental debt will be repaid to the people of the south , " the activist declared lidy nacpil the jubilee south coalition of the philippines in copenhagen .
" we can no longer say : we have still time , " says the singer angélique kidjo from benin .
" in africa , there are rivers , the drying up , there is watercourses that , by the past , can be run , which was never the case . "
the first time in the history of the climate diplomacy , the 1992 with the adoption of

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gitextract_4ulgp18g/

├── .classpath
├── .gitignore
├── .project
├── .travis.yml
├── CHANGELOG
├── LICENSE.txt
├── README.md
├── build.xml
├── constants
├── dist.sh
├── example/
│   ├── cdec.kbest
│   ├── cdec.ref1
│   ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.baseline.opt0
│   ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.baseline.opt1
│   ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.baseline.opt2
│   ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.sys1.opt0
│   ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.sys1.opt1
│   ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.sys1.opt2
│   ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.sys2.opt0
│   ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.sys2.opt1
│   ├── hyps.lc.tok.en.sys2.opt2
│   └── refs.test2010.lc.tok.en.0
├── get_deps.sh
├── lib/
│   ├── guava-11.0.jar
│   ├── jannopts.jar
│   └── tercom-0.8.0.jar
├── multeval.sh
├── reg-test/
│   ├── LICENCES
│   ├── hyps.baseline.opt0.bleu.gold
│   ├── hyps.baseline.opt0.meteor.gold
│   ├── hyps.baseline.opt0.ter.gold
│   ├── mteval-v13m.pl
│   ├── multi-bleu.perl
│   ├── reg-test.sh
│   ├── set1/
│   │   ├── set1.out.0
│   │   ├── set1.out.1
│   │   ├── set1.out.2
│   │   ├── set1.out.3
│   │   ├── set1.ref0
│   │   ├── set1.ref1
│   │   ├── set1.ref2
│   │   └── set1.ref3
│   ├── set2/
│   │   ├── set2.out.0
│   │   └── set2.ref0
│   └── write-sgm.py
└── src/
    ├── jbleu/
    │   ├── JBLEU.java
    │   └── util/
    │       ├── HashUtil.java
    │       ├── Ngram.java
    │       └── TrieCursor.java
    └── multeval/
        ├── HypothesisManager.java
        ├── Module.java
        ├── MultEval.java
        ├── MultEvalModule.java
        ├── NbestEntry.java
        ├── NbestModule.java
        ├── ResultsManager.java
        ├── SuffStatManager.java
        ├── analysis/
        │   ├── DiffRanker.java
        │   └── SentFormatter.java
        ├── metrics/
        │   ├── BLEU.java
        │   ├── IntStats.java
        │   ├── Length.java
        │   ├── METEOR.java
        │   ├── METEORStats.java
        │   ├── Metric.java
        │   ├── SuffStats.java
        │   └── TER.java
        ├── output/
        │   ├── AsciiTable.java
        │   └── LatexTable.java
        ├── parallel/
        │   ├── MetricWorkerPool.java
        │   ├── SynchronizedBufferedReader.java
        │   └── SynchronizedPrintStream.java
        ├── significance/
        │   ├── BootstrapResampler.java
        │   └── StratifiedApproximateRandomizationTest.java
        └── util/
            ├── ArrayUtils.java
            ├── CollectionUtils.java
            ├── FileUtils.java
            ├── LibUtil.java
            ├── MathUtils.java
            ├── StringUtils.java
            ├── SuffStatUtils.java
            ├── Triple.java
            └── Tuple4.java

Download .txt

SYMBOL INDEX (235 symbols across 39 files)

FILE: reg-test/write-sgm.py
  function main (line 8) | def main(argv):
  function write_sgm (line 46) | def write_sgm(in_file, out_sgm, header, footer):
  function write_ref_sgm (line 61) | def write_ref_sgm(in_files, out_sgm, header, footer):

FILE: src/jbleu/JBLEU.java
  class JBLEU (line 12) | public class JBLEU {
    method JBLEU (line 21) | public JBLEU() {
    method JBLEU (line 24) | public JBLEU(int verbosity) {
    method pickReference (line 28) | public static int pickReference(List<String> hyp, List<List<String>> r...
    method stats (line 59) | public void stats(List<String> hyp, List<List<String>> refs, int[] res...
    method getAttemptedNgrams (line 110) | private static double getAttemptedNgrams(int[] suffStats, int j) {
    method getMatchingNgrams (line 114) | private static double getMatchingNgrams(int[] suffStats, int j) {
    method getRefWords (line 118) | private static double getRefWords(int[] suffStats) {
    method score (line 122) | public double score(int[] suffStats) {
    method score (line 149) | public double score(int[] suffStats, double[] allResults) {
    method getSuffStatCount (line 222) | public static int getSuffStatCount() {
    method main (line 229) | public static void main(String[] args) {

FILE: src/jbleu/util/HashUtil.java
  class HashUtil (line 3) | public class HashUtil {
    method smear (line 10) | static int smear(int hashCode) {

FILE: src/jbleu/util/Ngram.java
  class Ngram (line 6) | public class Ngram {
    method Ngram (line 11) | public Ngram(List<String> toks) {
    method hashCode (line 15) | public int hashCode() {
    method equals (line 24) | public boolean equals(Object obj) {
    method toString (line 34) | public String toString() {

FILE: src/jbleu/util/TrieCursor.java
  class TrieCursor (line 5) | public class TrieCursor<T, V> {
    method TrieCursor (line 9) | public TrieCursor(V value) {
    method match (line 14) | public TrieCursor<T, V> match(T ext) {
    method extend (line 22) | public TrieCursor<T, V> extend(T ext, V val) {
    method toString (line 34) | public String toString() {

FILE: src/multeval/HypothesisManager.java
  class HypothesisManager (line 14) | public class HypothesisManager {
    method getNumHyps (line 27) | public int getNumHyps() {
    method getNumOptRuns (line 31) | public int getNumOptRuns() {
    method getNumRefs (line 35) | public int getNumRefs() {
    method loadData (line 39) | public void loadData(String[] hypFilesBaseline, String[][] hypFilesByS...
    method loadRefs (line 53) | public static List<List<String>> loadRefs(String[] refFiles, int numHy...
    method loadHyps (line 79) | private void loadHyps(String[] hypFiles, String sys) throws IOException {
    method loadSentences (line 107) | public static List<String> loadSentences(String hypFile, String forWha...
    method getNumSystems (line 127) | public int getNumSystems() {
    method getHypotheses (line 131) | public List<String> getHypotheses(int iSys, int iOpt) {
    method getHypothesis (line 136) | public String getHypothesis(int iSys, int iOpt, int iHyp) {
    method getReferences (line 140) | public List<String> getReferences(int iHyp) {
    method getAllReferences (line 145) | public List<List<String>> getAllReferences() {

FILE: src/multeval/Module.java
  type Module (line 9) | public interface Module {
    method run (line 11) | public void run(Configurator opts) throws ConfigurationException, File...
    method getDynamicConfigurables (line 14) | public Iterable<Class<?>> getDynamicConfigurables();

FILE: src/multeval/MultEval.java
  class MultEval (line 20) | public class MultEval {
    method loadMetrics (line 32) | static List<Metric<?>> loadMetrics(String[] metricNames, Configurator ...
    method initThreads (line 64) | static int initThreads(final List<Metric<?>> metrics, int threads) {
    method loadVersion (line 73) | private static String loadVersion() throws IOException {
    method main (line 82) | public static void main(String[] args) throws ConfigurationException, ...

FILE: src/multeval/MultEvalModule.java
  class MultEvalModule (line 39) | public class MultEvalModule implements Module {
    method getDynamicConfigurables (line 86) | @Override
    method run (line 91) | @Override
    method runSentScores (line 180) | private void runSentScores(List<Metric<?>> metrics, HypothesisManager ...
    method runDiffRankEval (line 205) | private void runDiffRankEval(List<Metric<?>> metrics, HypothesisManage...
    method getSentLevelSubmetricScores (line 253) | private double[][] getSentLevelSubmetricScores(List<Metric<?>> metrics...
    method getSentLevelScores (line 276) | private double[][] getSentLevelScores(List<Metric<?>> metrics, Hypothe...
    method runApproximateRandomization (line 295) | private void runApproximateRandomization(List<Metric<?>> metrics, Hypo...
    method collectSuffStats (line 319) | private SuffStatManager collectSuffStats(List<Metric<?>> metrics,
    method runOverallEval (line 373) | private void runOverallEval(List<Metric<?>> metrics, HypothesisManager...
    method runOOVAnalysis (line 408) | private void runOOVAnalysis(List<Metric<?>> metrics, HypothesisManager...
    method runBootstrapResampling (line 447) | private void runBootstrapResampling(List<Metric<?>> metrics, Hypothesi...

FILE: src/multeval/NbestEntry.java
  class NbestEntry (line 9) | public class NbestEntry {
    method parse (line 22) | public static NbestEntry parse(String cdecStr, int origRank, int numMe...
    method toString (line 43) | public String toString(String[] metricNames, String[] submetricNames) {

FILE: src/multeval/NbestModule.java
  class NbestModule (line 33) | public class NbestModule implements Module {
    method getDynamicConfigurables (line 53) | @Override
    class NbestTask (line 58) | public static class NbestTask {
      method NbestTask (line 62) | public NbestTask(List<NbestEntry> myHyps, List<String> sentRefs) {
    method run (line 68) | @Override
    method getSubmetricNames (line 216) | public static String[] getSubmetricNames(List<Metric<?>> metrics) {
    method processHyp (line 233) | private void processHyp(List<Metric<?>> metricCopies, String[] submetr...
    method sortByMetricScore (line 328) | private void sortByMetricScore(List<NbestEntry> hyps, final int i, fin...

FILE: src/multeval/ResultsManager.java
  class ResultsManager (line 5) | public class ResultsManager {
    type Type (line 14) | public enum Type {
    method ResultsManager (line 19) | public ResultsManager(String[] metricNames, String[] sysNames, int num...
    method report (line 29) | public void report(int iMetric, int iSys, Type type, double d) {
    method get (line 44) | public Double get(int iMetric, int iSys, Type type) {

FILE: src/multeval/SuffStatManager.java
  class SuffStatManager (line 7) | public class SuffStatManager {
    method SuffStatManager (line 18) | public SuffStatManager(int numMetrics, int numSys, int numOpt, int num...
    method saveStats (line 48) | public void saveStats(int iMetric, int iSys, int iOpt, int iHyp, SuffS...
    method getStats (line 57) | public SuffStats<?> getStats(int iMetric, int iSys, int iOpt, int iHyp) {
    method getStats (line 63) | public List<SuffStats<?>> getStats(int iMetric, int iSys, int iOpt) {
    method getStats (line 69) | public List<List<SuffStats<?>>> getStats(int iSys, int iOpt) {
    method getStatsAllOptForSys (line 77) | public List<List<SuffStats<?>>> getStatsAllOptForSys(int iSys) {

FILE: src/multeval/analysis/DiffRanker.java
  class DiffRanker (line 6) | public class DiffRanker {
    method DiffRanker (line 10) | public DiffRanker(String[] metricNames) {
    class HypItem (line 14) | private static class HypItem {
      method HypItem (line 22) | public HypItem(int id, List<String> refs, String hypBaseline, String...
      method diff (line 33) | public double diff(int iMetric) {
    method write (line 38) | public void write(List<String> hypsMedianBaseline, List<String> hypsMe...

FILE: src/multeval/analysis/SentFormatter.java
  class SentFormatter (line 7) | public class SentFormatter {
    method SentFormatter (line 12) | public SentFormatter(String[] metricNames, String[] submetricNames) {
    class HypItem (line 17) | private static class HypItem {
      method HypItem (line 24) | public HypItem(int id, List<String> refs, String hyp, double[] metri...
    method write (line 33) | public void write(List<String> hyps, List<List<String>> refs,

FILE: src/multeval/metrics/BLEU.java
  class BLEU (line 18) | public class BLEU extends Metric<IntStats> {
    method stats (line 32) | @Override
    method tokenizeRefs (line 43) | public static List<List<String>> tokenizeRefs(List<String> refs) {
    method getMetricDescription (line 51) | @Override
    method score (line 56) | @Override
    method scoreSubmetrics (line 61) | @Override
    method getSubmetricNames (line 69) | @Override
    method toString (line 74) | @Override
    method configure (line 79) | @Override
    method isBiggerBetter (line 86) | @Override

FILE: src/multeval/metrics/IntStats.java
  class IntStats (line 7) | public class IntStats extends SuffStats<IntStats> {
    method IntStats (line 10) | public IntStats(int size) {
    method add (line 14) | @Override
    method create (line 19) | @Override
    method toString (line 24) | @Override

FILE: src/multeval/metrics/Length.java
  class Length (line 13) | public class Length extends Metric<IntStats> {
    method getMetricDescription (line 15) | @Override
    method stats (line 20) | @Override
    method score (line 34) | @Override
    method toString (line 41) | @Override
    method configure (line 46) | @Override
    method isBiggerBetter (line 51) | @Override

FILE: src/multeval/metrics/METEOR.java
  class METEOR (line 18) | public class METEOR extends Metric<METEORStats> {
    method getMetricDescription (line 54) | @Override
    method configure (line 72) | @Override
    method stats (line 145) | @Override
    method score (line 153) | @Override
    method scoreSubmetrics (line 159) | @Override
    method getSubmetricNames (line 166) | @Override
    method getUnmatchedHypWords (line 171) | public Multiset<String> getUnmatchedHypWords(METEORStats stats) {
    method getUnmatchedRefWords (line 188) | public Multiset<String> getUnmatchedRefWords(METEORStats stats) {
    method toString (line 205) | @Override
    method isBiggerBetter (line 210) | @Override
    method threadClone (line 215) | @Override

FILE: src/multeval/metrics/METEORStats.java
  class METEORStats (line 5) | public class METEORStats extends SuffStats<METEORStats> {
    method METEORStats (line 9) | public METEORStats(MeteorStats other) {
    method METEORStats (line 13) | private METEORStats() {
    method add (line 17) | @Override
    method create (line 24) | @Override
    method toString (line 29) | @Override

FILE: src/multeval/metrics/Metric.java
  class Metric (line 14) | public abstract class Metric<Stats extends SuffStats<Stats>> {
    method stats (line 16) | public abstract Stats stats(String sentence, List<String> refs);
    method score (line 18) | public abstract double score(Stats suffStats);
    method configure (line 20) | public abstract void configure(Configurator opts) throws Configuration...
    method isBiggerBetter (line 22) | public abstract boolean isBiggerBetter();
    method getMetricDescription (line 25) | public abstract String getMetricDescription();
    method getSubmetricNames (line 33) | public String[] getSubmetricNames() {
    method scoreSubmetrics (line 37) | public double[] scoreSubmetrics(Stats suffStats) {
    method scoreStats (line 42) | @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    method scoreSubmetricsStats (line 48) | @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    method scoreSubmetricsString (line 53) | public String scoreSubmetricsString(SuffStats<?> suffStats) {
    method threadClone (line 66) | public Metric<?> threadClone() {

FILE: src/multeval/metrics/SuffStats.java
  class SuffStats (line 3) | public abstract class SuffStats<T> {
    method add (line 4) | public abstract void add(T other);
    method create (line 6) | public abstract SuffStats<T> create();
    method add (line 9) | @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

FILE: src/multeval/metrics/TER.java
  class TER (line 12) | public class TER extends Metric<IntStats> {
    method getMetricDescription (line 42) | @Override
    method stats (line 47) | @Override
    method score (line 82) | @Override
    method toString (line 91) | @Override
    method configure (line 96) | @Override
    method configureLibTer (line 104) | private void configureLibTer() {
    method isBiggerBetter (line 119) | @Override
    method threadClone (line 124) | @Override

FILE: src/multeval/output/AsciiTable.java
  class AsciiTable (line 8) | public class AsciiTable {
    method write (line 10) | public void write(ResultsManager results, PrintStream out) {
    method print (line 59) | private void print(PrintStream out, String[] columns) {

FILE: src/multeval/output/LatexTable.java
  class LatexTable (line 10) | public class LatexTable {
    method write (line 12) | public void write(ResultsManager results, List<Metric<?>> metricList, ...

FILE: src/multeval/parallel/MetricWorkerPool.java
  class MetricWorkerPool (line 10) | public abstract class MetricWorkerPool<Task, ThreadLocals> {
    method MetricWorkerPool (line 24) | public MetricWorkerPool(int threads, Supplier<ThreadLocals> threadLoca...
    method MetricWorkerPool (line 29) | public MetricWorkerPool(int threads, Supplier<ThreadLocals> threadLoca...
    method start (line 40) | public void start() {
    method addTask (line 68) | public void addTask(Task t) throws InterruptedException {
    method waitForCompletion (line 76) | public void waitForCompletion() throws InterruptedException {
    method doWork (line 90) | public abstract void doWork(ThreadLocals locals, Task t);

FILE: src/multeval/parallel/SynchronizedBufferedReader.java
  class SynchronizedBufferedReader (line 6) | public class SynchronizedBufferedReader {
    method SynchronizedBufferedReader (line 9) | public SynchronizedBufferedReader(BufferedReader in) {
    method readLine (line 13) | public synchronized String readLine() throws IOException {
    method close (line 17) | public synchronized void close() throws IOException {

FILE: src/multeval/parallel/SynchronizedPrintStream.java
  class SynchronizedPrintStream (line 13) | public class SynchronizedPrintStream {
    method SynchronizedPrintStream (line 19) | public SynchronizedPrintStream(PrintStream out) {
    method println (line 23) | public void println(int myUnit, String str) throws InterruptedException {
    method finishUnit (line 35) | public void finishUnit(int unit) {
    method close (line 44) | public void close() {

FILE: src/multeval/significance/BootstrapResampler.java
  class BootstrapResampler (line 10) | public class BootstrapResampler {
    method BootstrapResampler (line 22) | public BootstrapResampler(int threads, List<Metric<?>> metrics, List<L...
    class Locals (line 37) | private static class Locals {
      method Locals (line 41) | public Locals(List<Metric<?>> masterMetrics, int sampleSize) {
    method resample (line 60) | public List<double[]> resample(int numSamples) throws InterruptedExcep...
    method sumStats (line 96) | private static SuffStats<?> sumStats(int[] sampleMembers, int iMetric,...
    method chooseSampleMembers (line 106) | private void chooseSampleMembers(int totalPointsAvailable, int[] sampl...

FILE: src/multeval/significance/StratifiedApproximateRandomizationTest.java
  class StratifiedApproximateRandomizationTest (line 14) | public class StratifiedApproximateRandomizationTest {
    method StratifiedApproximateRandomizationTest (line 32) | public StratifiedApproximateRandomizationTest(int threads, List<Metric...
    method getTwoSidedP (line 58) | public double[] getTwoSidedP(int numShuffles) throws InterruptedExcept...
    method sumStats (line 124) | private static SuffStats<?> sumStats(Shuffling shuffling, int iMetric,...
    class Shuffling (line 137) | static class Shuffling {
      method Shuffling (line 145) | public Shuffling(int hyps, int optRuns) {
      method at (line 153) | public <T> T at(int iRow, List<T> a, List<T> b, boolean invert) {
      method shuffle (line 169) | public void shuffle() {
      method swap (line 201) | private void swap(int[] arr, int i, int j) {

FILE: src/multeval/util/ArrayUtils.java
  class ArrayUtils (line 5) | public class ArrayUtils {
    method plusEquals (line 11) | public static void plusEquals(float[] dest, float[] arg) {
    method plusEquals (line 22) | public static void plusEquals(int[] dest, int[] arg) {
    method toIntArray (line 29) | public static int[] toIntArray(float[] suffStats) {
    method toFloatArray (line 37) | public static float[] toFloatArray(int[] intSuffStats) {
    method indexOf (line 45) | public static int indexOf(double[] arr, double val) {

FILE: src/multeval/util/CollectionUtils.java
  class CollectionUtils (line 11) | public class CollectionUtils {
    method sortByCount (line 15) | public static <T> List<Entry<T>> sortByCount(Multiset<T> multiset) {
    method head (line 28) | public static <T> List<T> head(List<T> list, int n) {

FILE: src/multeval/util/FileUtils.java
  class FileUtils (line 7) | public class FileUtils {
    method getLastLine (line 10) | public static String getLastLine(String file) throws IOException {
    method main (line 24) | public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

FILE: src/multeval/util/LibUtil.java
  class LibUtil (line 5) | public class LibUtil {
    method checkLibrary (line 8) | public static void checkLibrary(String qualifiedName, String libName) {

FILE: src/multeval/util/MathUtils.java
  class MathUtils (line 5) | public class MathUtils {
    method factorial (line 8) | public static double factorial(int val) {
    method gamma (line 16) | public static double gamma(int alpha) {
    method average (line 20) | public static double average(List<Double> observations) {
    method average (line 28) | public static double average(double[] data) {
    method variance (line 36) | public static double variance(List<Double> observations) {
    method variance (line 45) | public static double variance(double[] observations) {
    method erf (line 59) | public static double erf(double z) {
    method min (line 82) | public static double min(double[] samples) {
    method max (line 89) | public static double max(double[] samples) {
    method stddev (line 96) | public static double stddev(double[] observations) {
    method medianIndexInSorted (line 100) | public static int medianIndexInSorted(double[] arr) {
    method medianIndex (line 114) | public static int medianIndex(double[] arr) {

FILE: src/multeval/util/StringUtils.java
  class StringUtils (line 5) | public class StringUtils {
    method normalizeWhitespace (line 9) | public static String normalizeWhitespace(String sent) {

FILE: src/multeval/util/SuffStatUtils.java
  class SuffStatUtils (line 9) | public class SuffStatUtils {
    method sumStats (line 10) | public static SuffStats<?> sumStats(List<SuffStats<?>> suffStats) {

FILE: src/multeval/util/Triple.java
  class Triple (line 3) | public class Triple<S1, S2, S3> {
    method Triple (line 8) | public Triple(S1 first, S2 second, S3 third) {
    method hashCode (line 14) | @Override
    method equals (line 19) | @Override

FILE: src/multeval/util/Tuple4.java
  class Tuple4 (line 3) | public class Tuple4<S1, S2, S3, S4> {
    method Tuple4 (line 9) | public Tuple4(S1 first, S2 second, S3 third, S4 fourth) {
    method hashCode (line 16) | @Override
    method equals (line 21) | @Override

Download .json

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    "path": "example/hyps.lc.tok.en.sys2.opt0",
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    "path": "example/hyps.lc.tok.en.sys2.opt1",
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    "path": "example/refs.test2010.lc.tok.en.0",
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    "path": "get_deps.sh",
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    "preview": "#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -euo pipefail\nscriptDir=$(dirname $0)\nsource $scriptDir/constants\n\nif [ ! -e $meteorPath ]; then"
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  {
    "path": "multeval.sh",
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    "path": "reg-test/LICENCES",
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    "preview": "MT Eval 13a is available under the public domain as it was developed by government workers on the job. Its original form"
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    "path": "reg-test/hyps.baseline.opt0.bleu.gold",
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    "path": "reg-test/mteval-v13m.pl",
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  {
    "path": "reg-test/multi-bleu.perl",
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    "path": "reg-test/reg-test.sh",
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    "preview": "#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -u\nset -x\nbase=$(cd $(dirname $0)/..; pwd)\n\nCYAN=\"\\033[0;36m\"\nRED=\"\\033[0;31m\"\nGREEN=\"\\033[0;32m"
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    "path": "reg-test/set1/set1.out.0",
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    "path": "reg-test/set1/set1.out.3",
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  {
    "path": "reg-test/set1/set1.ref0",
    "chars": 228515,
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    "path": "reg-test/set1/set1.ref1",
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    "path": "reg-test/set1/set1.ref3",
    "chars": 232779,
    "preview": "white house urges prompt dispatch of nuclear inspectors to oversee shutdown of north korean atomic reactor\nthe white hou"
  },
  {
    "path": "reg-test/set2/set2.out.0",
    "chars": 184938,
    "preview": "it 's a symbol of their culture .\nthe last step is not so complex , but here 's the second step is to get out of the abs"
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  {
    "path": "reg-test/set2/set2.ref0",
    "chars": 185944,
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    "path": "reg-test/write-sgm.py",
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    "preview": "#!/usr/bin/env python\n\n# Stolen from METEOR's mt-diff.py tool\n# (under the LGPL license)\n\nimport math, os, re, shutil, s"
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  {
    "path": "src/jbleu/JBLEU.java",
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    "path": "src/jbleu/util/TrieCursor.java",
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  {
    "path": "src/multeval/HypothesisManager.java",
    "chars": 4530,
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    "path": "src/multeval/Module.java",
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    "path": "src/multeval/MultEval.java",
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    "path": "src/multeval/MultEvalModule.java",
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    "path": "src/multeval/NbestEntry.java",
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    "path": "src/multeval/NbestModule.java",
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    "path": "src/multeval/ResultsManager.java",
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    "path": "src/multeval/SuffStatManager.java",
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    "path": "src/multeval/analysis/DiffRanker.java",
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    "path": "src/multeval/analysis/SentFormatter.java",
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    "path": "src/multeval/metrics/BLEU.java",
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    "path": "src/multeval/metrics/Length.java",
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    "path": "src/multeval/metrics/METEOR.java",
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  {
    "path": "src/multeval/metrics/METEORStats.java",
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    "preview": "package multeval.metrics;\n\nimport edu.cmu.meteor.scorer.*;\n\npublic class METEORStats extends SuffStats<METEORStats> {\n\n "
  },
  {
    "path": "src/multeval/metrics/Metric.java",
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    "path": "src/multeval/output/AsciiTable.java",
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    "path": "src/multeval/output/LatexTable.java",
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    "path": "src/multeval/significance/StratifiedApproximateRandomizationTest.java",
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  {
    "path": "src/multeval/util/Triple.java",
    "chars": 589,
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  {
    "path": "src/multeval/util/Tuple4.java",
    "chars": 700,
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  }
]

// ... and 4 more files (download for full content)

About this extraction

This page contains the full source code of the jhclark/multeval GitHub repository, extracted and formatted as plain text for AI agents and large language models (LLMs). The extraction includes 83 files (17.3 MB), approximately 1.5M tokens, and a symbol index with 235 extracted functions, classes, methods, constants, and types. Use this with OpenClaw, Claude, ChatGPT, Cursor, Windsurf, or any other AI tool that accepts text input. You can copy the full output to your clipboard or download it as a .txt file.

Extracted by GitExtract — free GitHub repo to text converter for AI. Built by Nikandr Surkov.

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