Repository: leandrofroes/gftrace Branch: master Commit: 2cda67b565e0 Files: 19 Total size: 101.2 KB Directory structure: gitextract_ge7tbwtn/ ├── .gitattributes ├── .gitignore ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── injector/ │ ├── injector.c │ ├── injector.vcxproj │ └── injector.vcxproj.filters └── tracer/ ├── dllmain.c ├── gftrace.cfg ├── hooks.c ├── hooks.h ├── pe.c ├── pe.h ├── stub.asm ├── stub32.asm ├── tracer.vcxproj ├── tracer.vcxproj.filters ├── utils.c └── utils.h ================================================ FILE CONTENTS ================================================ ================================================ FILE: .gitattributes ================================================ ############################################################################### # Set default behavior to automatically normalize line endings. ############################################################################### * text=auto ############################################################################### # Set default behavior for command prompt diff. # # This is need for earlier builds of msysgit that does not have it on by # default for csharp files. # Note: This is only used by command line ############################################################################### #*.cs diff=csharp ############################################################################### # Set the merge driver for project and solution files # # Merging from the command prompt will add diff markers to the files if there # are conflicts (Merging from VS is not affected by the settings below, in VS # the diff markers are never inserted). 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But first, please read . ================================================ FILE: README.md ================================================ # gftrace A command line Windows API tracing tool for Golang binaries. **Note:** This tool is a PoC and a work-in-progress prototype so please treat it as such. Feedbacks are always welcome! ## **How it works?** Although Golang programs contains a lot of nuances regarding the way they are built and their behavior in runtime they still need to interact with the OS layer and that means at some point they do need to call functions from the Windows API. The Go runtime package contains a function called [asmstdcall](https://github.com/golang/go/blob/master/src/runtime/sys_windows_amd64.s#L20) and this function is a kind of "gateway" used to interact with the Windows API. Since it's expected this function to call the Windows API functions we can assume it needs to have access to information such as the address of the function and it's parameters, and this is where things start to get more interesting. Asmstdcall receives a single parameter which is pointer to something similar to the following structure: ``` struct LIBCALL { DWORD_PTR Addr; DWORD Argc; DWORD_PTR Argv; DWORD_PTR ReturnValue; [...] } ``` Some of these fields are filled after the API function is called, like the return value, others are received by asmstdcall, like the function address, the number of arguments and the list of arguments. Regardless when those are set it's clear that the asmstdcall function manipulates a lot of interesting information regarding the execution of programs compiled in Golang. The gftrace leverages asmstdcall and the way it works to monitor specific fields of the mentioned struct and log it to the user. The tool is capable of log the function name, it's parameters and also the return value of each Windows function called by a Golang application. All of it with no need to hook a single API function or have a signature for it. The tool also tries to ignore all the noise from the Go runtime initialization and only log functions called after it (i.e. functions from the main package). If you want to know more about this project and research check the [blogpost](https://leandrofroes.github.io/posts/An-in-depth-look-at-Golang-Windows-calls/). ## **Installation** Download the latest [release](https://github.com/leandrofroes/gftrace/releases). ## **Usage** 1. Make sure gftrace.exe, gftrace.dll and gftrace.cfg are in the same directory. 2. Specify which API functions you want to trace in the gftrace.cfg file (the tool does not work without API filters applied). 3. Run gftrace.exe passing the target Golang program path as a parameter. ``` gftrace.exe ``` ## **Configuration** All you need to do is specify which functions you want to trace in the gftrace.cfg file, separating it by comma with no spaces: ``` CreateFileW,ReadFile,CreateProcessW ``` The exact Windows API functions a Golang method X of a package Y would call in a specific scenario can only be determined either by analysis of the method itself or trying to guess it. There's some interesting characteristics that can be used to determine it, for example, Golang applications seems to always prefer to call functions from the "Wide" and "Ex" set (e.g. CreateFileW, CreateProcessW, GetComputerNameExW, etc) so you can consider it during your analysis. The default config file contains multiple functions in which I tested already (at least most part of them) and can say for sure they can be called by a Golang application at some point. I'll try to update it eventually. ## **Examples** Tracing CreateFileW() and ReadFile() in a simple Golang file that calls "os.ReadFile" twice: ``` - CreateFileW("C:\Users\user\Desktop\doc.txt", 0x80000000, 0x3, 0x0, 0x3, 0x1, 0x0) = 0x168 (360) - ReadFile(0x168, 0xc000108000, 0x200, 0xc000075d64, 0x0) = 0x1 (1) - CreateFileW("C:\Users\user\Desktop\doc2.txt", 0x80000000, 0x3, 0x0, 0x3, 0x1, 0x0) = 0x168 (360) - ReadFile(0x168, 0xc000108200, 0x200, 0xc000075d64, 0x0) = 0x1 (1) ``` Tracing CreateProcessW() in the TunnelFish malware: ``` - CreateProcessW("C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe", "powershell /c "Add-PSSnapin Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.SnapIn; Get-Recipient | Select Name -ExpandProperty EmailAddresses -first 1 | Select SmtpAddress | ft -hidetableheaders"", 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x80400, "=C:=C:\Users\user\Desktop", 0x0, 0xc0000ace98, 0xc0000acd68) = 0x1 (1) - CreateProcessW("C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe", "powershell /c "Add-PSSnapin Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.SnapIn; Get-Recipient | Select Name -ExpandProperty EmailAddresses -first 1 | Select SmtpAddress | ft -hidetableheaders"", 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x80400, "=C:=C:\Users\user\Desktop", 0x0, 0xc0000c4ec8, 0xc0000c4d98) = 0x1 (1) - CreateProcessW("C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe", "powershell /c "Add-PSSnapin Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.SnapIn; Get-Recipient | Select Name -ExpandProperty EmailAddresses -first 1 | Select SmtpAddress | ft -hidetableheaders"", 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x80400, "=C:=C:\Users\user\Desktop", 0x0, 0xc00005eec8, 0xc00005ed98) = 0x1 (1) - CreateProcessW("C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe", "powershell /c "Add-PSSnapin Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.SnapIn; Get-Recipient | Select Name -ExpandProperty EmailAddresses -first 1 | Select SmtpAddress | ft -hidetableheaders"", 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x80400, "=C:=C:\Users\user\Desktop", 0x0, 0xc0000bce98, 0xc0000bcd68) = 0x1 (1) - CreateProcessW("C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe", "cmd /c "wmic computersystem get domain"", 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x80400, "=C:=C:\Users\user\Desktop", 0x0, 0xc0000c4ef0, 0xc0000c4dc0) = 0x1 (1) - CreateProcessW("C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe", "cmd /c "wmic computersystem get domain"", 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x80400, "=C:=C:\Users\user\Desktop", 0x0, 0xc0000acec0, 0xc0000acd90) = 0x1 (1) - CreateProcessW("C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe", "cmd /c "wmic computersystem get domain"", 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x80400, "=C:=C:\Users\user\Desktop", 0x0, 0xc0000bcec0, 0xc0000bcd90) = 0x1 (1) [...] ``` Tracing multiple functions in the Sunshuttle malware: ``` - CreateFileW("config.dat.tmp", 0x80000000, 0x3, 0x0, 0x3, 0x1, 0x0) = 0xffffffffffffffff (-1) - CreateFileW("config.dat.tmp", 0xc0000000, 0x3, 0x0, 0x2, 0x80, 0x0) = 0x198 (408) - CreateFileW("config.dat.tmp", 0xc0000000, 0x3, 0x0, 0x3, 0x80, 0x0) = 0x1a4 (420) - WriteFile(0x1a4, 0xc000112780, 0xeb, 0xc0000c79d4, 0x0) = 0x1 (1) - GetAddrInfoW("reyweb.com", 0x0, 0xc000031f18, 0xc000031e88) = 0x0 (0) - WSASocketW(0x2, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x81) = 0x1f0 (496) - WSASend(0x1f0, 0xc00004f038, 0x1, 0xc00004f020, 0x0, 0xc00004eff0, 0x0) = 0x0 (0) - WSARecv(0x1f0, 0xc00004ef60, 0x1, 0xc00004ef48, 0xc00004efd0, 0xc00004ef18, 0x0) = 0xffffffff (-1) - GetAddrInfoW("reyweb.com", 0x0, 0xc000031f18, 0xc000031e88) = 0x0 (0) - WSASocketW(0x2, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x81) = 0x200 (512) - WSASend(0x200, 0xc00004f2b8, 0x1, 0xc00004f2a0, 0x0, 0xc00004f270, 0x0) = 0x0 (0) - WSARecv(0x200, 0xc00004f1e0, 0x1, 0xc00004f1c8, 0xc00004f250, 0xc00004f198, 0x0) = 0xffffffff (-1) [...] ``` Tracing multiple functions in the DeimosC2 framework agent: ``` - WSASocketW(0x2, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x81) = 0x130 (304) - setsockopt(0x130, 0xffff, 0x20, 0xc0000b7838, 0x4) = 0xffffffff (-1) - socket(0x2, 0x1, 0x6) = 0x138 (312) - WSAIoctl(0x138, 0xc8000006, 0xaf0870, 0x10, 0xb38730, 0x8, 0xc0000b746c, 0x0, 0x0) = 0x0 (0) - GetModuleFileNameW(0x0, "C:\Users\user\Desktop\samples\deimos.exe", 0x400) = 0x2f (47) - GetUserProfileDirectoryW(0x140, "C:\Users\user", 0xc0000b7a08) = 0x1 (1) - LookupAccountSidw(0x0, 0xc00000e250, "user", 0xc0000b796c, "DESKTOP-TEST", 0xc0000b7970, 0xc0000b79f0) = 0x1 (1) - NetUserGetInfo("DESKTOP-TEST", "user", 0xa, 0xc0000b7930) = 0x0 (0) - GetComputerNameExW(0x5, "DESKTOP-TEST", 0xc0000b7b78) = 0x1 (1) - GetAdaptersAddresses(0x0, 0x10, 0x0, 0xc000120000, 0xc0000b79d0) = 0x0 (0) - CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(0x2, 0x0) = 0x1b8 (440) - GetCurrentProcessId() = 0x2584 (9604) - GetCurrentDirectoryW(0x12c, "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\retoolkit\bin") = 0x39 (57) [...] ``` ## **Future features:** - [x] Support inspection of 32 bits files. - [x] Add support to files calling functions via the "IAT jmp table" instead of the API call directly in asmstdcall. - [x] Add support to cmdline parameters for the target process - [ ] Send the tracing log output to a file by default to make it better to filter. Currently there's no separation between the target file and gftrace output. An alternative is redirect gftrace output to a file using the command line. ## :warning: **Warning** * The tool inspects the target binary dynamically and it means the file being traced is executed. If you're inspecting a malware or an unknown software please make sure you do it in a controlled environment. * Golang programs can be very noisy depending the file and/or function being traced (e.g. VirtualAlloc is always called multiple times by the runtime package, CreateFileW is called multiple times before a call to CreateProcessW, etc). The tool ignores the Golang runtime initialization noise but after that it's up to the user to decide what functions are better to filter in each scenario. ## **License** The gftrace is published under the GPL v3 License. Please refer to the file named LICENSE for more information. ================================================ FILE: injector/injector.c ================================================ #include #include int main(int argc, char** argv) { if (argc < 2) { printf("Usage: gftrace.exe \n"); return 1; } LPSTR CmdLine = GetCommandLineA(); LPSTR ProcCmdLine = strchr(CmdLine, 0x20); // // Ignore all the spaces next to argv[0] // while (*++ProcCmdLine == 0x20); PROCESS_INFORMATION ProcessInformation; STARTUPINFOA StartupInfo; StartupInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO); ZeroMemory(&StartupInfo, sizeof(STARTUPINFO)); ZeroMemory(&ProcessInformation, sizeof(PROCESS_INFORMATION)); // // Create the target process in suspended state. // if (!CreateProcessA(NULL, ProcCmdLine, NULL, NULL, FALSE, CREATE_SUSPENDED, NULL, NULL, &StartupInfo, &ProcessInformation)) { printf("[!] Failed to create the target process.\n[!] Error code: %u\n", GetLastError()); return 1; } HANDLE hProcess = ProcessInformation.hProcess; HANDLE hThread = ProcessInformation.hThread; // // Check if the target process is a Wow64 process and if so, terminate it cause we don't support it for now. // #ifdef _WIN64 BOOL IsWow64Proc = FALSE; if (!IsWow64Process(hProcess, &IsWow64Proc)) { printf("[!] Failed to check if the target process is WoW64.\n[!] Error code: %u\n", GetLastError()); TerminateProcess(hProcess, 0); return 1; } if (IsWow64Proc) { printf("[!] The target file needs to be a x64 file.\n"); TerminateProcess(hProcess, 0); return 1; } #endif char LibFullPath[MAX_PATH] = {0}; char CurrentModuleFilepath[MAX_PATH] = {0}; DWORD Len = GetModuleFileNameA(GetModuleHandleA(NULL), CurrentModuleFilepath, MAX_PATH); if (!Len) { printf("[!] Failed to get the current module filepath.\n[!] Error code: %u\n", GetLastError()); TerminateProcess(hProcess, 0); return 1; } for (SIZE_T i = Len - 1; i > 0; i--) { if (CurrentModuleFilepath[i] == 0x5c || CurrentModuleFilepath[i] == 0x2f) { CurrentModuleFilepath[i + 1] = '\0'; break; } } SIZE_T i = 0; do { LibFullPath[i] = CurrentModuleFilepath[i]; i++; } while (CurrentModuleFilepath[i] != '\0'); #ifdef _WIN64 const char* LibName = "\\gftrace.dll"; #else const char* LibName = "\\gftrace32.dll"; #endif SIZE_T Size = strlen(LibFullPath) + strlen(LibName) + 1; // // Build the gftrace.dll full path to be used in the injection step. // strncat_s(LibFullPath, Size, LibName, _TRUNCATE); // // Check if the gftrace.dll file exists in the gftrace.exe directory. // if (GetFileAttributesA((LPCSTR)LibFullPath) == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && GetLastError() == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) { printf("[!] Failed to find the gftrace DLL file in the gftrace.exe directory.\n"); TerminateProcess(hProcess, 0); return 1; } // // Get kernel32.dll module base address. // HMODULE ModuleBase = GetModuleHandleW(L"kernel32.dll"); if (ModuleBase == NULL) { printf("[!] Failed to get kernel32 base address.\n[!] Error code: %u\n", GetLastError()); TerminateProcess(hProcess, 0); return 1; } // // Get the address of LoadLibraryA() to be used to inject gftrace DLL into the target process. // FARPROC pLoadLibraryA = GetProcAddress(ModuleBase, "LoadLibraryA"); if (pLoadLibraryA == NULL) { printf("[!] Failed to resolve LoadLibraryA address.\n[!] Error code: %u\n", GetLastError()); TerminateProcess(hProcess, 0); return 1; } // // Allocate memory for gftrace DLL full path in the target process. // LPVOID LibFullPathRemoteAddr = VirtualAllocEx(hProcess, NULL, Size, MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE); if (LibFullPathRemoteAddr == NULL) { printf("[!] Failed to allocate virtual memory in the target process.\n[!] Error code: %u\n", GetLastError()); TerminateProcess(hProcess, 0); return 1; } // // Write gftrace DLL full path into the target process. // if (!WriteProcessMemory(hProcess, LibFullPathRemoteAddr, (LPCVOID)LibFullPath, Size, NULL)) { printf("[!] Failed to write to the target process memory.\n[!] Error code: %u\n", GetLastError()); TerminateProcess(hProcess, 0); return 1; } DWORD ThreadId; // // Create a thread in the target process pointing to LoadLibraryA() to load the gftrace DLL into the target process address space. // HANDLE hInjectionThread = CreateRemoteThread(hProcess, NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)pLoadLibraryA, (LPVOID)LibFullPathRemoteAddr, 0, &ThreadId); if (hInjectionThread == NULL) { printf("[!] Failed to create a remote thread in the target process.\n[!] Error code: %u\n", GetLastError()); TerminateProcess(hProcess, 0); return 1; } // // Wait for the injection thread to finish. // WaitForSingleObject(hInjectionThread, INFINITE); // // Resume the target process main thread. // ResumeThread(hThread); WaitForSingleObject(hProcess, INFINITE); VirtualFreeEx(hProcess, LibFullPathRemoteAddr, 0, MEM_RELEASE); CloseHandle(hInjectionThread); CloseHandle(hThread); return 0; } ================================================ FILE: injector/injector.vcxproj ================================================ Debug Win32 Release Win32 Debug x64 Release x64 16.0 Win32Proj {adacdd4b-f686-4706-bc39-ec3896af2d86} injector 10.0 Application true v143 Unicode Application false v143 true Unicode Application true v143 Unicode Application false v143 true Unicode true false gftrace32 true false gftrace Level3 true WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions) true Console true Level3 true true true WIN32;NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions) true Disabled Console true true false Level3 true _DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions) true Console true Level3 true true true NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions) true Disabled Console true true false ================================================ FILE: injector/injector.vcxproj.filters ================================================  {4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF} cpp;c;cc;cxx;c++;cppm;ixx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx {93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB} h;hh;hpp;hxx;h++;hm;inl;inc;ipp;xsd {67DA6AB6-F800-4c08-8B7A-83BB121AAD01} rc;ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe;resx;tiff;tif;png;wav;mfcribbon-ms Source Files ================================================ FILE: tracer/dllmain.c ================================================ #include "utils.h" #include "hooks.h" VOID Init() { // // Get kernel32.dll module base address. // HMODULE ModuleBase = GetModuleHandleW(L"kernel32.dll"); if (ModuleBase == NULL) { PrintWinError("Failed to get kernel32.dll base address", GetLastError()); } // // Get the address of GetCommandLineW() and save it for further usage. // pGetCommandLineW = GetProcAddress(ModuleBase, (LPCSTR)"GetCommandLineW"); if (pGetCommandLineW == NULL) { PrintWinError("Failed to resolve GetCommandLineW() address", GetLastError()); } // // Get the address of GetProcAddress() and save it for further usage. // pGetProcAddress = GetProcAddress(ModuleBase, (LPCSTR)"GetProcAddress"); if (pGetProcAddress == NULL) { PrintWinError("Failed to resolve GetProcAddress() address", GetLastError()); } // // Initialize a critical section object. // InitializeCriticalSection(&CriticalSection); // // Parse the user-defined API function list and initialize our global target list. // InitTargetFuncList(); // // Initialize our IAT deny list. // InitIATDenyList(); // // Perform the asmstdcall hook. // HookAsmstdcall(); } BOOL WINAPI DllMain( HINSTANCE hModule, DWORD Reason, LPVOID Reserved ) { switch (Reason) { case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH: // // Disable the DLL_THREAD_ATTACH and DLL_THREAD_DETACH notifications in our DLL. // DisableThreadLibraryCalls(hModule); Init(); break; case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH: break; case DLL_THREAD_DETACH: break; case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH: while (!GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RETURN)) { Sleep(1000); } printf("\n\n[+] Trace finished! Press \"Enter\" to close...\n"); break; } return TRUE; } ================================================ FILE: tracer/gftrace.cfg ================================================ CreateFileW,ReadFile,WriteFile,MoveFileW,DeleteFileW,SetFilePointerEx,CopyFileW,FindFirstFileW,SetFileAttributesW,GetCurrentDirectoryW,GetUserProfileDirectoryW,SetCurrentDirectoryW,GetTempPathW,GetModuleFileNameW,RemoveDirectoryW,GetSystemDirectoryW,GetFullPathNameW,WSASocketW,socket,setsockopt,gethostbyname,WSARecvFrom,WSASendTo,DnsQuery_W,WSAIoctl,WSASend,WSASendTo,WSARecv,GetAddrInfoW,WinHttpAddRequestHeaders,WinHttpOpen,WinHttpConnect,WinHttpOpenRequest,WinHttpSendRequest,WinHttpReceiveResponse,WinHttpReadData,WinHttpSetOption,WinHttpSetTimeouts,WinHttpGetIEProxyConfigForCurrentUser,WinHttpGetProxyForUrl,WinHttpGetDefaultProxyConfiguration,OpenProcess,CreateProcessW,CreateProcessAsUserW,TerminateProcess,GetCurrentProcessId,ReadProcessMemory,WriteProcessMemory,ConvertSidToStringSidW,CreateMutexW,CreateToolhelp32Snapshot,QueryFullProcessImageNameW,OpenProcessToken,GetTokenInformation,CheckTokenMembership,AdjustTokenPrivileges,LookupAccountSidW,CreateNamedPipeW,ShellExecuteW,WTSGetActiveConsoleSessionId,WTSQuerySessionInformationW,GetLogicalDrives,GetDriveTypeW,GetLogicalDriveStringsW,GetVolumeInformationW,RegCreateKeyExW,RegOpenKeyExW,RegQueryValueExW,RegSetValueExW,RegDeleteKeyW,GetComputerNameExW,LookupAccountNameW,NetUserGetInfo,GetAdaptersAddresses,GetTimeZoneInformation,GetMonitorInfoW,EnumDisplaySettingsW,GetSystemMetrics,GetDC,CreateCompatibleDC,CreateCompatibleBitmap,BitBlt,GetDIBits,SelectObject,GetSystemTimes,RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerExW ================================================ FILE: tracer/hooks.c ================================================ #include "hooks.h" #include "utils.h" #include "pe.h" bIsReadyToLog = FALSE; LPVOID PerformHook( _In_ ULONG_PTR Src, _In_ ULONG_PTR Dest, _In_ SIZE_T Len ) { CHAR HookBytes[] = { 0x49, 0xbb, 0xd, 0xe, 0xa, 0xd, 0xb, 0xe, 0xe, 0xf, // mov r11, 0x41, 0xff, 0xe3, // jmp r11 }; DWORD HookBytesLen = 13; DWORD OldProtection; // // Change the memory permission of the region we want to modify the bytes. // if (!VirtualProtect((LPVOID)Src, Len, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, &OldProtection)) { PrintWinError("Failed setting the hook memory region protection", GetLastError()); } // // Write the HookBytes array with the correct dest address into the target address. // *(ULONG_PTR*)(HookBytes + 2) = Dest; RtlCopyMemory((LPVOID)Src, (LPCVOID)HookBytes, sizeof(HookBytes)); // // NOP the remaining hook bytes to make sure the instructions will be properly aligned. // for (SIZE_T i = HookBytesLen; i < Len; i++) { *((BYTE*)Src + i) = 0x90; } // // Restore the hook memory region permissions. // if (!VirtualProtect((LPVOID)Src, Len, OldProtection, &OldProtection)) { PrintWinError("Failed setting the old memory protection", GetLastError()); } // // Return the jump back address (i.e. the address to return after our hook is executed). // return (LPVOID)(Src + Len); } LPVOID PerformHook32( _In_ ULONG_PTR Src, _In_ ULONG_PTR Dest, _In_ SIZE_T Len ) { DWORD HookBytesLen = 5; DWORD OldProtection; // // Change the memory permission of the region we want to modify the bytes. // if (!VirtualProtect((LPVOID)Src, Len, PAGE_READWRITE, &OldProtection)) { PrintWinError("Failed setting the hook memory region protection", GetLastError()); } ULONG_PTR RelativeAddr = (Dest - Src) - 5; // // Write the "jmp
" bytes into the target address. // *(BYTE*)Src = 0xE9; // JMP *(ULONG_PTR*)(Src + 1) = RelativeAddr; // // NOP the remaining hook bytes to make sure the instructions will be properly aligned. // for (SIZE_T i = HookBytesLen; i < Len; i++) { *((BYTE*)Src + i) = 0x90; } // // Restore the hook memory region permissions. // if (!VirtualProtect((LPVOID)Src, Len, OldProtection, &OldProtection)) { PrintWinError("Failed setting the old memory protection", GetLastError()); } // // Return the jump back address (i.e. the address to return after our hook is executed). // return (LPVOID)(Src + Len); } VOID HookAsmstdcall() { // // Get the base address of the Golang module the gftrace DLL is injected into. // HMODULE GolangModuleBase = GetModuleHandleW(NULL); if (GolangModuleBase == NULL) { PrintWinError("Failed to get the Golang module base address", GetLastError()); } // // Get the .text section header of the Golang module. // PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER SectionHeader = GetSectionHeader((ULONG_PTR)GolangModuleBase, (BYTE*)".text"); if (SectionHeader == NULL) { PrintError("Failed to get a pointer to the Golang module .text section"); } // // Get the size of the .text section of the Golang module. // SIZE_T SectionSize = (SIZE_T)SectionHeader->Misc.VirtualSize; if (!SectionSize) { PrintError("Golang module .text section size is zero"); } #ifdef _WIN64 // // https://github.com/golang/go/blob/master/src/runtime/sys_windows_amd64.s#L20 // CHAR TargetAddrPattern[] = { 0x65, 0x48, 0x8B, 0x3C, 0x25, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // mov rdi, qword ptr gs:[0x30] 0x8B, 0x47, 0x68, // mov eax, dword ptr ds:[rdi+0x68] 0x48, 0x89, 0x41, 0x28 // mov qword ptr ds:[rcx+0x28], rax }; LPCSTR Mask = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"; SIZE_T NumberOfBytesToHook = 0x10; #else // // https://github.com/golang/go/blob/master/src/runtime/sys_windows_386.s#L17 // CHAR TargetAddrPattern[] = { 0x64, 0x8B, 0x05, 0x34, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // mov eax, dword ptr fs:[0x34] 0x89, 0x43, 0x14, // mov dword ptr ds:[ebx+0x14], eax 0xC3 // ret }; LPCSTR Mask = "xxxxxxxxxxx"; SIZE_T NumberOfBytesToHook = 0x7; #endif // // Attempt to find the target address we want to hook inside Asmstdcall function. // ULONG_PTR HookAddr = FindPattern((ULONG_PTR)GolangModuleBase, SectionSize, (LPCSTR)TargetAddrPattern, Mask); if (!HookAddr) { PrintError("Failed to find Asmstdcall code pattern"); } // // Perform a mid function hook and set the address to jump back when the hooking function execution is done. // #ifdef _WIN64 JmpBackAddr = PerformHook((ULONG_PTR)HookAddr, (ULONG_PTR)AsmstdcallStub, NumberOfBytesToHook); #else JmpBackAddr = PerformHook32((ULONG_PTR)HookAddr, (ULONG_PTR)AsmstdcallStub, NumberOfBytesToHook); #endif } VOID hk_Asmstdcall( _In_ PLIBCALL Frame ) { // // Request the ownership of the critical section. // EnterCriticalSection(&CriticalSection); // // Get the address of the current Windows API function to be called by asmstdcall. // ULONG_PTR FuncAddr = Frame->FuncAddr; // // Make sure we avoid the IAT entries not set by the user. // for (SIZE_T i = 0; i < NumberOfIATEntries; i++) { if (FuncAddr == IatInfo[i].Addr && !IatInfo[i].IsAllowedToLog) { goto Exit; } } // // Check if we are ready to start to log the API calls to the user. // if (bIsReadyToLog) { ULONG_PTR Params = Frame->Argv; ULONG_PTR ReturnValue = Frame->ReturnValue; // // Make sure we also trace API functions resolved after the Go runtime initialization. // if (FuncAddr == (ULONG_PTR)pGetProcAddress) { // // Get the second parameter passed to GetProcAddress() function (i.e. lpProcName). // LPCSTR FuncName = (LPCSTR)(Params + 1); // // Go through our target function list and check if the function address resolved by GetProcAddress // is in our list and if not, add it. // for (SIZE_T i = 0; i < NumberOfTargetFuncs; i++) { if (!strncmp(TargetFuncsInfo[i].Name, FuncName, strlen(FuncName) + 1) && TargetFuncsInfo[i].Addr == NULL) { TargetFuncsInfo[i].Addr = (FARPROC)ReturnValue; } } } // // Check if the instructions in the received address is a JMP. If that's the case probably we are in a jump table. // Programs compiled with cgo/gcc usually would have this table containing a JMP to the real IAT entry so we need to handle these cases. // // The JMP could be the IAT address address directly (x86) or an offset based on the current address (x64) hence we need to check our arch. // if (*(BYTE*)FuncAddr == 0xFF && *((BYTE*)FuncAddr + 1) == 0x25) { #ifdef _WIN64 DWORD offset = *(DWORD*)(FuncAddr + 2); FARPROC RealFuncEntry = *(FARPROC)(FuncAddr + offset + 6); #else FARPROC RealFuncEntry = *(FARPROC)(FuncAddr + 2); #endif if (RealFuncEntry) { BOOL bFuncFound = FALSE; // // Check if the function address is present in the IAT to make sure we get the correct address. // if (HasImport(RealFuncEntry)) { // // Get the name of the imported function using it's IAT address. // LPCSTR FuncName = GetImportName(RealFuncEntry); if (FuncName != NULL) { for (SIZE_T i = 0; i < NumberOfTargetFuncs; i++) { if (!strncmp(TargetFuncsInfo[i].Name, FuncName, strlen(FuncName) + 1)) { TargetFuncsInfo[i].Addr = (FARPROC)FuncAddr; bFuncFound = TRUE; break; } } for (SIZE_T i = 0; i < NumberOfIATEntries; i++) { if (!IatInfo[i].Addr) { if (bFuncFound) { IatInfo[i].IsAllowedToLog = TRUE; } IatInfo[i].Addr = FuncAddr; break; } } } } } } // // Go through our target function list and check if the function called by Asmstdcall is wanted and if so, log it to the user. // for (SIZE_T i = 0; i < NumberOfTargetFuncs; i++) { FARPROC WantedFuncAddr = TargetFuncsInfo[i].Addr; if (WantedFuncAddr) { if (FuncAddr == (ULONG_PTR)WantedFuncAddr) { if (!strcmp(TargetFuncsInfo[i].Name, "GetProcAddress")) { // // Since this is a special case we have a function to print it. // LogGetProcAddressCall(Params, (FARPROC)ReturnValue); } else { DWORD Argc = Frame->Argc; LogAPICall(TargetFuncsInfo[i].Name, Argc, Params, (DWORD)ReturnValue); } } } } } // // Check if we should start to log the API calls by checking if the function called by Asmstdcall is GetCommandLineW(). // This function is part of the "os" package initialization and is called before the main package so we use it as a sentinel. // // if (FuncAddr == (ULONG_PTR)pGetCommandLineW && !bIsReadyToLog) { bIsReadyToLog = TRUE; // // Resolve the address of the user-defined functions to trace and fills our TargetFuncInfo global list. // ResolveTargetFuncListAddresses(); // // Attempt to create a console in case we are injected into a GUI application. // if (AllocConsole()) { FILE* fp = NULL; freopen_s(&fp, "CONOUT$", "w", stdout); SetConsoleTitle(TEXT("gftrace")); } // // Just some new line chars to make the output cleaner. // printf("\n\n"); } Exit: // // Release ownership of the critical section. // LeaveCriticalSection(&CriticalSection); } ================================================ FILE: tracer/hooks.h ================================================ #pragma once #include typedef struct LIBCALL { ULONG_PTR FuncAddr; DWORD Argc; ULONG_PTR Argv; ULONG_PTR ReturnValue; } LIBCALL, * PLIBCALL; extern VOID AsmstdcallStub(VOID); LPVOID JmpBackAddr; LPVOID PerformHook(_In_ ULONG_PTR Src, _In_ ULONG_PTR Dest, _In_ SIZE_T Size); LPVOID PerformHook32(_In_ ULONG_PTR Src, _In_ ULONG_PTR Dest, _In_ SIZE_T Size); VOID HookAsmstdcall(); VOID hk_Asmstdcall(_In_ PLIBCALL Frame); ================================================ FILE: tracer/pe.c ================================================ #include "pe.h" #include "utils.h" PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 GetNtHeader( _In_ ULONG_PTR ModuleBase ) { IMAGE_DOS_HEADER* DosHeader = (IMAGE_DOS_HEADER*)ModuleBase; if (DosHeader->e_magic != IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE) { PrintError("The target process has an invalid DOS Signare"); } PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 NtHeader = (IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64*)(ModuleBase + DosHeader->e_lfanew); if (NtHeader->Signature != IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE) { PrintError("The target process has an invalid PE Signare"); } return NtHeader; } PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS32 GetNtHeader32( _In_ ULONG_PTR ModuleBase ) { IMAGE_DOS_HEADER* DosHeader = (IMAGE_DOS_HEADER*)ModuleBase; if (DosHeader->e_magic != IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE) { PrintError("The target process has an invalid DOS Signare"); } PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS32 NtHeader = (IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32*)(ModuleBase + DosHeader->e_lfanew); if (NtHeader->Signature != IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE) { PrintError("The target process has an invalid PE Signare"); } return NtHeader; } PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY GetExportDirectory( _In_ ULONG_PTR ModuleBase ) { #ifdef _WIN64 PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 NtHeader = GetNtHeader(ModuleBase); IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64 OptHeader = NtHeader->OptionalHeader; #else PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS32 NtHeader = GetNtHeader32(ModuleBase); IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32 OptHeader = NtHeader->OptionalHeader; #endif IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY ExportDataDir = OptHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT]; DWORD ExportDirRva = ExportDataDir.VirtualAddress; if (!ExportDirRva) { return NULL; } return (PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY)(ModuleBase + ExportDirRva); } PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR GetImportDesc( _In_ ULONG_PTR ModuleBase ) { #ifdef _WIN64 PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 NtHeader = GetNtHeader(ModuleBase); IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64 OptHeader = NtHeader->OptionalHeader; #else PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS32 NtHeader = GetNtHeader32(ModuleBase); IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32 OptHeader = NtHeader->OptionalHeader; #endif IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY ImportDataDir = OptHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT]; DWORD ImportDirRva = ImportDataDir.VirtualAddress; if (!ImportDirRva) { return NULL; } return (PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR)(ModuleBase + ImportDirRva); } PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER GetSectionHeader( _In_ ULONG_PTR ModuleBase, _In_ BYTE* SectionName ) { #ifdef _WIN64 PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 NtHeader = GetNtHeader(ModuleBase); #else PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS32 NtHeader = GetNtHeader32(ModuleBase); #endif PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER pSection = IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION(NtHeader); DWORD NumberOfSections = NtHeader->FileHeader.NumberOfSections; if (NumberOfSections == 0) { PrintError("The number of sections of the target process is zero"); } for (SIZE_T i = 0; i < NumberOfSections; i++) { if (IsSameStr((BYTE*)pSection->Name, SectionName)) { return pSection; } pSection++; } return NULL; } FARPROC GetExportAddr( _In_ LPCSTR ExportName ) { #ifdef _WIN64 PPEB Peb = (PPEB)__readgsqword(0x60); #else PPEB Peb = (PPEB)__readfsdword(0x30); #endif PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY CurrentModule = NULL; PLIST_ENTRY CurrentEntry = Peb->Ldr->InLoadOrderModuleList.Flink; FARPROC ExportAddr; // // Go through each loaded module and try to find the target export address using the given export name. // while (CurrentEntry != &Peb->Ldr->InLoadOrderModuleList && CurrentEntry != NULL) { CurrentModule = CONTAINING_RECORD(CurrentEntry, LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY, InLoadOrderLinks); ExportAddr = ResolveExportAddr((ULONG_PTR)CurrentModule->DllBase, ExportName); if (ExportAddr != NULL) { return ExportAddr; } CurrentEntry = CurrentEntry->Flink; } return NULL; } FARPROC ResolveExportAddr( _In_ ULONG_PTR ModuleBase, _In_ LPCSTR ExportName ) { PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY ExportDir = GetExportDirectory(ModuleBase); if (ExportDir == NULL) { return NULL; } DWORD AddressOfNameRva = ExportDir->AddressOfNames; DWORD NumberOfNames = ExportDir->NumberOfNames; DWORD AddressOfNameOrdinals = ExportDir->AddressOfNameOrdinals; DWORD AddressOfFunctions = ExportDir->AddressOfFunctions; for (SIZE_T i = 0; i < NumberOfNames; i++) { DWORD NameRva = *(DWORD*)(ModuleBase + AddressOfNameRva + i * sizeof(DWORD)); WORD OrdinalRva = *(WORD*)(ModuleBase + AddressOfNameOrdinals + i * sizeof(WORD)); LPCSTR Name = (LPCSTR)(ModuleBase + NameRva); if (IsSameStr((BYTE*)ExportName, (BYTE*)Name)) { DWORD ExportRva = *(DWORD*)(ModuleBase + AddressOfFunctions + OrdinalRva * sizeof(DWORD)); return (FARPROC)(ModuleBase + ExportRva); } } return NULL; } LPCSTR GetImportName( _In_ FARPROC ImportAddr ) { HMODULE ModuleBase = GetModuleHandle(NULL); PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR ImportDesc = GetImportDesc((ULONG_PTR)ModuleBase); if (ImportDesc == NULL) { return NULL; } PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA OriginalFirstThunk = (PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)((ULONG_PTR)ModuleBase + ImportDesc->OriginalFirstThunk); PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA FirstThunk = (PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)((ULONG_PTR)ModuleBase + ImportDesc->FirstThunk); SIZE_T i = 0; while (ImportDesc[i++].OriginalFirstThunk) { while (OriginalFirstThunk->u1.Function) { if (!memcmp(&FirstThunk->u1.Function, ImportAddr, sizeof(FARPROC))) { PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME ImportName = (PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME)((ULONG_PTR)ModuleBase + OriginalFirstThunk->u1.AddressOfData); return (LPCSTR)ImportName->Name; } OriginalFirstThunk++; FirstThunk++; } } return NULL; } BOOL HasImport( _In_ FARPROC ImportAddr ) { HMODULE ModuleBase = GetModuleHandleW(NULL); PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR ImportDesc = GetImportDesc((ULONG_PTR)ModuleBase); if (ImportDesc == NULL) { return FALSE; } PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA FirstThunk = (PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)((ULONG_PTR)ModuleBase + ImportDesc->FirstThunk); SIZE_T i = 0; while (ImportDesc[i++].FirstThunk) { while (FirstThunk->u1.Function) { if (!memcmp(&FirstThunk->u1.Function, ImportAddr, sizeof(FARPROC))) { return TRUE; } FirstThunk++; } } return FALSE; } ================================================ FILE: tracer/pe.h ================================================ #pragma once #include // // Since we only need some fields of these structs there's no need to define all of them. // typedef struct _LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY { LIST_ENTRY InLoadOrderLinks; LIST_ENTRY InMemoryOrderLinks; union { LIST_ENTRY InInitializationOrderLinks; LIST_ENTRY InProgressLinks; }; PVOID DllBase; }LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY, * PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY; typedef struct _PEB_LDR_DATA { ULONG Length; BOOLEAN Initialized; HANDLE SsHandle; LIST_ENTRY InLoadOrderModuleList; LIST_ENTRY InMemoryOrderModuleList; LIST_ENTRY InInitializationOrderModuleList; } PEB_LDR_DATA, * PPEB_LDR_DATA; typedef struct _PEB { BOOLEAN InheritedAddressSpace; BOOLEAN ReadImageFileExecOptions; BOOLEAN BeingDebugged; union { BOOLEAN BitField; struct { BOOLEAN ImageUsesLargePages : 1; BOOLEAN IsProtectedProcess : 1; BOOLEAN IsImageDynamicallyRelocated : 1; BOOLEAN SkipPatchingUser32Forwarders : 1; BOOLEAN IsPackagedProcess : 1; BOOLEAN IsAppContainer : 1; BOOLEAN IsProtectedProcessLight : 1; BOOLEAN IsLongPathAwareProcess : 1; } s1; } u1; HANDLE Mutant; PVOID ImageBaseAddress; PPEB_LDR_DATA Ldr; } PEB, * PPEB; PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 GetNtHeader(_In_ ULONG_PTR ModuleBase); PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS32 GetNtHeader32(_In_ ULONG_PTR ModuleBase); PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER GetSectionHeader(_In_ ULONG_PTR ModuleBase, _In_ BYTE* SectionName); PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY GetExportDirectory(_In_ ULONG_PTR ModuleBase); FARPROC GetExportAddr(_In_ LPCSTR ExportName); FARPROC ResolveExportAddr(_In_ ULONG_PTR ModuleBase, _In_ LPCSTR ExportName); PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR GetImportDesc(_In_ ULONG_PTR ModuleBase); BOOL HasImport(_In_ FARPROC ImportAddr); LPCSTR GetImportName(_In_ FARPROC ImportAddr); ================================================ FILE: tracer/stub.asm ================================================ EXTERN JmpBackAddr: QWORD EXTERN hk_Asmstdcall: PROC .code AsmstdcallStub PROC PUBLIC ; Execute the patched Asmstdcall instructions. mov rdi, qword ptr gs:[30h] mov eax, dword ptr [rdi+68h] mov qword ptr [rcx+28h], rax ; Save RCX value. push rcx ; Call the Asmstdcall hook. call hk_Asmstdcall ; Restore RCX value. pop rcx ; Jump back to the original Asmstdcall function after the hooking point. jmp [JmpBackAddr] AsmstdcallStub ENDP END ================================================ FILE: tracer/stub32.asm ================================================ .MODEL flat, C EXTERN JmpBackAddr: DWORD EXTERN hk_Asmstdcall: PROC ASSUME FS:NOTHING .code AsmstdcallStub PROC PUBLIC ; Execute the patched Asmstdcall instructions. mov eax, dword ptr fs:[34h] ; Save EAX and EBX values. push eax push ebx ; Call the Asmstdcall hook. call hk_Asmstdcall ; Restore EBX and EAX values. pop ebx pop eax ; Jump back to the original Asmstdcall function after the hooking point. jmp [JmpBackAddr] AsmstdcallStub ENDP END ================================================ FILE: tracer/tracer.vcxproj ================================================ Debug Win32 Release Win32 Debug x64 Release x64 Document true true 16.0 Win32Proj {bdd5a131-45ee-4b2c-a6ec-f0b08a4e8982} tracer 10.0 DynamicLibrary true v143 Unicode DynamicLibrary false v143 true Unicode DynamicLibrary true v143 Unicode DynamicLibrary false v143 true Unicode true false gftrace32 true false gftrace Level3 true WIN32;_DEBUG;TRACER_EXPORTS;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;%(PreprocessorDefinitions) true Use pch.h Windows true false Level3 true true true WIN32;NDEBUG;TRACER_EXPORTS;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;%(PreprocessorDefinitions) true NotUsing pch.h Disabled Windows true true false false false copy $(ProjectDir)\gftrace.cfg $(TargetDir) Level3 true _DEBUG;TRACER_EXPORTS;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;%(PreprocessorDefinitions) true Use pch.h Windows true false Level3 true true true NDEBUG;TRACER_EXPORTS;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;%(PreprocessorDefinitions) true NotUsing pch.h Disabled Windows true true false false copy $(ProjectDir)\gftrace.cfg $(TargetDir) ================================================ FILE: tracer/tracer.vcxproj.filters ================================================  {4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF} cpp;c;cc;cxx;c++;cppm;ixx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx {93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB} h;hh;hpp;hxx;h++;hm;inl;inc;ipp;xsd {67DA6AB6-F800-4c08-8B7A-83BB121AAD01} rc;ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe;resx;tiff;tif;png;wav;mfcribbon-ms Source Files Source Files Source Files Source Files Header Files Header Files Header Files Source Files Source Files ================================================ FILE: tracer/utils.c ================================================ #include "utils.h" #include "pe.h" VOID PrintError( _In_ LPCSTR Msg ) { printf("\n[!] Error: %s!\n", Msg); ExitProcess(0); } VOID PrintWinError( _In_ LPCSTR Msg, _In_ DWORD ErrorCode ) { printf("\n[!] Error: %s!\n[!] Error code: %u\n", Msg, ErrorCode); ExitProcess(0); } ULONG_PTR FindPattern( _In_ ULONG_PTR BaseAddr, _In_ SIZE_T Size, _In_ LPCSTR BytePattern, _In_ LPCSTR Mask ) { SIZE_T PatternSize = strlen(Mask); BOOL bFound; for (SIZE_T i = 0; i < Size - PatternSize; i++) { bFound = TRUE; for (SIZE_T j = 0; j < PatternSize; j++) { bFound &= Mask[j] == '?' || BytePattern[j] == *((LPCSTR)BaseAddr + i + j); } if (bFound) { return (ULONG_PTR)(BaseAddr + i); } } return 0; } VOID LogAPICall( _In_ LPCSTR FuncName, _In_ DWORD Argc, _In_ ULONG_PTR Params, _In_ DWORD ReturnValue ) { char* TempBuffer = calloc(MAX_STR_SIZE, 1); char FinalString[MAX_STR_SIZE] = {0}; SIZE_T Size = MAX_STR_SIZE; snprintf(TempBuffer, Size, "- %s(", FuncName); strncat_s(FinalString, Size, TempBuffer, _TRUNCATE); // // Build the log entry string using the provided info (i.e. FuncName, Argc, Params, ReturnValue). // for (SIZE_T i = 0; i < Argc; i++) { ULONG_PTR Argv = *((ULONG_PTR*)Params + i); // // Try to guess if the argument is a string, an address or simply a number and print it properly. // if (IsWideStr((BYTE*)Argv)) { LPCWSTR StrArg = (LPCWSTR)Argv; if (wcslen((LPCWSTR)Argv) > 2048) { StrArg = L"[string is too large]"; } snprintf(TempBuffer, Size, "\"%ws\"", StrArg); strncat_s(FinalString, Size, TempBuffer, _TRUNCATE); } else { snprintf(TempBuffer, Size, "0x%llx", Argv); strncat_s(FinalString, Size, TempBuffer, _TRUNCATE); } if (Argc > i + 1) { snprintf(TempBuffer, Size, ", "); strncat_s(FinalString, Size, TempBuffer, _TRUNCATE); } } snprintf(TempBuffer, Size, ") = 0x%lx (%d)", ReturnValue, (INT)ReturnValue); strncat_s(FinalString, Size, TempBuffer, _TRUNCATE); // // Print the final log entry string. // puts(FinalString); free(TempBuffer); } VOID LogGetProcAddressCall( _In_ ULONG_PTR Params, _In_ FARPROC ReturnValue ) { char* TempBuffer = calloc(MAX_STR_SIZE, 1); char FinalString[MAX_STR_SIZE] = {0}; SIZE_T Size = MAX_STR_SIZE; snprintf(TempBuffer, Size, "- GetProcAddress("); strncat_s(FinalString, Size, TempBuffer, _TRUNCATE); HMODULE ModuleBase = (HMODULE) * ((ULONG_PTR*)Params + 0); snprintf(TempBuffer, Size, "0x%llx, ", ModuleBase); strncat_s(FinalString, Size, TempBuffer, _TRUNCATE); LPCSTR ExportName = (LPCSTR) * ((ULONG_PTR*)Params + 1); snprintf(TempBuffer, Size, "\"%s\"", ExportName); strncat_s(FinalString, Size, TempBuffer, _TRUNCATE); snprintf(TempBuffer, Size, ") = 0x%llx", ReturnValue); strncat_s(FinalString, Size, TempBuffer, _TRUNCATE); // // Print the final log entry string. // puts(FinalString); free(TempBuffer); } /* * Since we are not using API signatures to know what is the type of each parameter we need to try to guess what it is. * That's not good in general and handle these scenarios can be a pain. The implementation bellow is very bad but at * least it works "ok" guessing if the provided address is a wide string or not. * * TODO: improve the function bellow. */ BOOL IsWideStr( _In_ BYTE* Addr ) { if (!IsValidStrMem((LPCVOID)Addr)) { return FALSE; } WORD RequiredLen = 6; for (SIZE_T i = 0; i < RequiredLen; i += 2) { if (Addr[i] > 0x7e || Addr[i] < 0x20 || Addr[i + 1] != '\0') { return FALSE; } } return TRUE; } BOOL IsValidStrMem( _In_ LPCVOID Addr ) { if (!Addr) { return FALSE; } HANDLE hProcess = GetCurrentProcess(); MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION Mbi = {0}; if (!VirtualQueryEx(hProcess, Addr, &Mbi, sizeof(Mbi)) && GetLastError() != ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER) { PrintWinError("Failed to query virtual memory", GetLastError()); } return Mbi.Protect == PAGE_READWRITE; } BOOL IsSameStr( _In_ BYTE* Str1, _In_ BYTE* Str2 ) { if (!Str1 || !Str2) { return FALSE; } SIZE_T StrLen1 = strlen(Str1); SIZE_T StrLen2 = strlen(Str2); if (StrLen1 != StrLen2) { return FALSE; } for (SIZE_T i = 0; i < StrLen1; i++) { char c1 = Str1[i]; char c2 = Str2[i]; c1 = tolower(c1); c2 = tolower(c2); if (c1 != c2) { return FALSE; } } return TRUE; } VOID InitTargetFuncList() { char ConfigFileFullPath[MAX_PATH] = {0}; char CurrentModuleFilepath[MAX_PATH] = {0}; #ifdef _WIN64 LPCSTR ModuleName = "gftrace.dll"; #else LPCSTR ModuleName = "gftrace32.dll"; #endif DWORD Len = GetModuleFileNameA(GetModuleHandleA(ModuleName), CurrentModuleFilepath, MAX_PATH); if (!Len) { PrintWinError("Failed to get the gftrace.dll module filepath", GetLastError()); } for (SIZE_T i = Len - 1; i > 0; i--) { if (CurrentModuleFilepath[i] == 0x5c || CurrentModuleFilepath[i] == 0x2f) { CurrentModuleFilepath[i + 1] = '\0'; break; } } SIZE_T i = 0; do { ConfigFileFullPath[i] = CurrentModuleFilepath[i]; i++; } while (CurrentModuleFilepath[i] != '\0'); LPCSTR ConfigFilename = "\\gftrace.cfg"; SIZE_T ConfigFullPathSize = strlen(ConfigFileFullPath) + strlen(ConfigFilename) + 1; // // Build the gftrace.cfg full path. // strncat_s(ConfigFileFullPath, ConfigFullPathSize, ConfigFilename, _TRUNCATE); // // Check if the gftrace.cfg file exists in the expected directory. // if (GetFileAttributesA((LPCSTR)ConfigFileFullPath) == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && GetLastError() == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) { PrintError("Failed to find the gftrace.cfg file in the current directory"); } HANDLE hFile = CreateFileA(ConfigFileFullPath, GENERIC_READ, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL); if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { PrintWinError("Failed to open the config file", GetLastError()); } DWORD FileSizeHigh = 0; DWORD FileSize = GetFileSize(hFile, &FileSizeHigh); if (FileSize == INVALID_FILE_SIZE) { CloseHandle(hFile); PrintWinError("Failed to get config file size", GetLastError()); } BYTE* FileContent = calloc(FileSize, 1); DWORD NumberOfBytesRead; if (!ReadFile(hFile, (LPVOID)FileContent, FileSize, &NumberOfBytesRead, NULL)) { CloseHandle(hFile); PrintWinError("Failed to read the config file content", GetLastError()); } NumberOfTargetFuncs = 0; // // Calculate the provided user list length. // // TODO: improve the code bellow. // for (SIZE_T i = 0; i <= FileSize; i++) { if (FileContent[i] == ',' || i == FileSize) { NumberOfTargetFuncs++; } } SIZE_T ListSize = NumberOfTargetFuncs * sizeof(FUNCINFO); HANDLE hHeap = GetProcessHeap(); if (hHeap == NULL) { CloseHandle(hFile); PrintWinError("Failed to get process heap", GetLastError()); } // // Allocate memory for our global target function list. // TargetFuncsInfo = HeapAlloc(hHeap, HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, ListSize); if (TargetFuncsInfo == NULL) { CloseHandle(hFile); PrintWinError("Failed to allocate memory for the target function list", GetLastError()); } LPCSTR TmpFuncName; SIZE_T j = 0; // // Go through the user-defined list and set each function name into our global function list. // // TODO: improve the code bellow. // for (SIZE_T i = 0, x = 0; i <= FileSize; i++) { if (FileContent[i] == ',') { FileContent[i] = '\0'; TmpFuncName = _strdup((LPCSTR)&FileContent[j]); if (TmpFuncName == NULL) { CloseHandle(hFile); PrintError("Failed to strdup API function name"); } TargetFuncsInfo[x].Name = TmpFuncName; x++; j = i + 1; continue; } if (i == FileSize) { FileContent[i] = '\0'; TmpFuncName = _strdup((LPCSTR)&FileContent[j]); if (TmpFuncName == NULL) { CloseHandle(hFile); PrintError("Failed to strdup the API function name"); } TargetFuncsInfo[x].Name = TmpFuncName; break; } } CloseHandle(hFile); } VOID ResolveTargetFuncListAddresses() { // // Go through each function name in our global list, resolve it's export address and add it to the list. // for (SIZE_T i = 0; i < NumberOfTargetFuncs; i++) { FARPROC ExportAddr = GetExportAddr(TargetFuncsInfo[i].Name); TargetFuncsInfo[i].Addr = ExportAddr; } } VOID InitIATDenyList() { HMODULE ModuleBase = GetModuleHandleW(NULL); PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR ImportDesc = GetImportDesc((ULONG_PTR)ModuleBase); if (ImportDesc == NULL) { PrintError("Import Descriptor is NULL"); } PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA FirstThunk = (PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)((ULONG_PTR)ModuleBase + ImportDesc->FirstThunk); if (!FirstThunk) { PrintError("First Thunk is 0"); } NumberOfIATEntries = 0; SIZE_T i = 0; while (ImportDesc[i++].FirstThunk) { while (FirstThunk->u1.Function) { NumberOfIATEntries++; FirstThunk++; } } HANDLE hHeap = GetProcessHeap(); if (hHeap == NULL) { PrintWinError("Failed to get process heap", GetLastError()); } SIZE_T ListSize = NumberOfIATEntries * sizeof(IATINFO); IatInfo = HeapAlloc(hHeap, HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, ListSize); if (IatInfo == NULL) { PrintWinError("Failed to allocate memory for the deny function list", GetLastError()); } for (SIZE_T i = 0; i < NumberOfIATEntries; i++) { IatInfo[i].Addr = 0; IatInfo[i].IsAllowedToLog = FALSE; } } ================================================ FILE: tracer/utils.h ================================================ #pragma once #include #include #include #define MAX_STR_SIZE 8192 typedef struct FUNCINFO { LPCSTR Name; FARPROC Addr; } FUNCINFO; struct FUNCINFO* TargetFuncsInfo; typedef struct IATINFO { ULONG_PTR Addr; BOOL IsAllowedToLog; } IATINFO; struct IATINFO* IatInfo; CRITICAL_SECTION CriticalSection; DWORD NumberOfTargetFuncs; DWORD NumberOfIATEntries; FARPROC pGetCommandLineW; FARPROC pGetProcAddress; BOOL bIsReadyToLog; VOID PrintError(_In_ LPCSTR Msg); VOID PrintWinError(_In_ LPCSTR Msg, _In_ DWORD ErrorCode); ULONG_PTR FindPattern(_In_ ULONG_PTR BaseAddr, _In_ SIZE_T Size, _In_ LPCSTR BytePattern, _In_ LPCSTR Mask); VOID LogAPICall(_In_ LPCSTR FuncName, _In_ DWORD Argc, _In_ ULONG_PTR Params, _In_ DWORD ReturnValue); VOID LogGetProcAddressCall(_In_ ULONG_PTR Params, _In_ FARPROC ReturnValue); BOOL IsWideStr(_In_ BYTE* Addr); BOOL IsSameStr(_In_ BYTE* TargetName, _In_ BYTE* Str); BOOL IsValidStrMem(_In_ LPCVOID Addr); VOID InitTargetFuncList(); VOID ResolveTargetFuncListAddresses(); VOID InitIATDenyList();