[ { "path": ".gitignore", "content": "# projects files\npainting-retrieved*.jpg\n*.mp4\n\n# MacOS\n.DS_Store\n.vscode/\n\n# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files\n__pycache__/\n*.py[cod]\n*$py.class\n\n# C extensions\n*.so\n\n# Distribution / packaging\n.Python\nbuild/\ndevelop-eggs/\ndist/\ndownloads/\neggs/\n.eggs/\nlib/\nlib64/\nparts/\nsdist/\nvar/\nwheels/\npip-wheel-metadata/\nshare/python-wheels/\n*.egg-info/\n.installed.cfg\n*.egg\nMANIFEST\n\n# PyInstaller\n# Usually these files are written by a python script from a template\n# before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.\n*.manifest\n*.spec\n\n# Installer logs\npip-log.txt\npip-delete-this-directory.txt\n\n# Unit test / coverage reports\nhtmlcov/\n.tox/\n.nox/\n.coverage\n.coverage.*\n.cache\nnosetests.xml\ncoverage.xml\n*.cover\n*.py,cover\n.hypothesis/\n.pytest_cache/\n\n# Translations\n*.mo\n*.pot\n\n# Django stuff:\n*.log\nlocal_settings.py\ndb.sqlite3\ndb.sqlite3-journal\n\n# Flask stuff:\ninstance/\n.webassets-cache\n\n# Scrapy stuff:\n.scrapy\n\n# Sphinx documentation\ndocs/_build/\n\n# PyBuilder\ntarget/\n\n# Jupyter Notebook\n.ipynb_checkpoints\n\n# IPython\nprofile_default/\nipython_config.py\n\n# pyenv\n.python-version\n\n# pipenv\n# According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control.\n# However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies\n# having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not\n# install all needed dependencies.\n#Pipfile.lock\n\n# PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow\n__pypackages__/\n\n# Celery stuff\ncelerybeat-schedule\ncelerybeat.pid\n\n# SageMath parsed files\n*.sage.py\n\n# Environments\n.env\n.venv\nenv/\nvenv/\nENV/\nenv.bak/\nvenv.bak/\n\n# Spyder project settings\n.spyderproject\n.spyproject\n\n# Rope project settings\n.ropeproject\n\n# mkdocs documentation\n/site\n\n# mypy\n.mypy_cache/\n.dmypy.json\ndmypy.json\n\n# Pyre type checker\n.pyre/\n" }, { "path": "LICENSE", "content": " Apache License\n Version 2.0, January 2004\n http://www.apache.org/licenses/\n\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION\n\n 1. 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We also recommend that a\n file or class name and description of purpose be included on the\n same \"printed page\" as the copyright notice for easier\n identification within third-party archives.\n\n Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]\n\n Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n You may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\n Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n limitations under the License.\n" }, { "path": "README.md", "content": "# youtube-drive\n\nyoutube-drive is totally inspired by [YouTubeDrive](https://github.com/dzhang314/YouTubeDrive), a Wolfram Language (aka Mathematica) package. I read the source code of **YouTubeDrive** and write a Python version with a little change for fun.\n\n**youtube-drive** is a Python library encodes/decodes arbitrary data to/from simple RGB videos which are automatically uploaded to/downloaded from YouTube. Since YouTube imposes no limits on the total number or length of videos users can upload, this provides an effectively infinite but extremely slow form of file storage.\n\nyoutube-drive is a silly proof-of-concept, and I do not endorse its high-volume use either.\n\n## Usage Example\n\n**Upload**: Encode a file to video and upload to YouTube:\n\n```sh\npython -m youtube_drive upload examples/BesselJ.png\nYouTube Video ID: EzqstWlMXyk\nYouTube: https://youtu.be/EzqstWlMXyk\n\n```\n\n**Retrieve**: Download the video from YouTube and decode to a file:\n\n```sh\npython -m youtube_drive retrieve --video-id=EzqstWlMXyk -o BesselJ-retrieved.png\n/var/folders/md/dnr_ryfs2_x128p26xx2pnnc0000gn/T/tmp6qfm_msc.mp4\n[youtube] EzqstWlMXyk: Downloading webpage\n[youtube] EzqstWlMXyk: Downloading MPD manifest\n[download] Destination: /var/folders/md/dnr_ryfs2_x128p26xx2pnnc0000gn/T/tmp6qfm_msc.f136.mp4\n[download] 100% of 1.74MiB in 00:25\n[download] Destination: /var/folders/md/dnr_ryfs2_x128p26xx2pnnc0000gn/T/tmp6qfm_msc.mp4.f140\n[download] 100% of 58.70KiB in 00:03\n[ffmpeg] Merging formats into \"/var/folders/md/dnr_ryfs2_x128p26xx2pnnc0000gn/T/tmp6qfm_msc.mp4\"\nDeleting original file /var/folders/md/dnr_ryfs2_x128p26xx2pnnc0000gn/T/tmp6qfm_msc.f136.mp4 (pass -k to keep)\nDeleting original file /var/folders/md/dnr_ryfs2_x128p26xx2pnnc0000gn/T/tmp6qfm_msc.mp4.f140 (pass -k to keep)\n```\n\nThe video, video ID is **EzqstWlMXyk**, youtube-drive produces in this example can be viewed at https://youtu.be/EzqstWlMXyk. The video is encoded from the image [BesselJ.png](https://github.com/lewangdev/youtube-drive/blob/main/examples/BesselJ.png). A 62KB image file will produce a video of size 10+MB.\n\nAnother file I uploaded to YouTube is [painting.jpg](https://github.com/lewangdev/youtube-drive/blob/main/examples/painting.jpg), it produces a video of size 127.5MB, and the original size is 476KB. The video can be viewed at https://youtu.be/gKhXk3IGW2s.\n\nI use opencv to produce mp4 video, if use ffmpeg with optimizing directly, the video maybe compress to a more smaller size.\n\n**AGAIN:** It is a silly idea, just for fun.\n\n## Installation\n\n**Notice**:\n\n- I only test with **Python 3.8 & 3.9 & 3.10** on **MacOS** with ffmpeg installed.\n- If it works on your system, please feel free to let me know. Thanks.\n\nFor development:\n\n```sh\ngit clone https://github.com/lewangdev/youtube-drive.git\ncd youtube-drive\npython -m venv .venv\n. .venv/bin/activate\npip install -r requirements.txt\n```\n\nOr run directly from sources:\n\n```sh\ngit clone https://github.com/lewangdev/youtube-drive.git\ncd youtube-drive\npython -m venv .venv\n. .venv/bin/activate\npython setup.py install\n```\n\n## Setup\n\nThe first time you try to upload a video to YouTube, you will be asked to follow a URL in your browser to get an authentication token. If you have multiple channels for the logged in user, you will also be asked to pick which one you want to upload the videos to.\n\nYou now need to create and use your own OAuth 2.0 file, it's a free service. Steps:\n\nGo to the [Google Cloud Console](https://console.cloud.google.com/).\n\n- Create project.\n- Side menu: APIs & Services -> OAuth consent screen: Create app and add the test user you will updoad videos to.\n- Side menu: APIs & Services -> Enabled API & services -> ENABLED API AND SERVICES -> Search `youtube` -> Choose `YouTube Data API v3` and enable it.\n- Side menu: APIs & Services -> Credentials -> Create Credentials -> OAuth client ID: Application type choose `Desktop app`.\n- Download JSON: Under the section \"OAuth 2.0 client IDs\". Save the file to your local system.\n Use this JSON as your credentials file: copy it to ~/.client_secrets.json.\n Note: client_secrets.json is a file you can download from the developer console, the credentials file is something auto generated after the first time the script is run and the google account sign in is followed, the file is stored at ~/.youtube-upload-credentials.json.\n\nIf you feel any difficulty to create OAuth 2.0 file, here is the video I made for you: https://youtu.be/kL2oFZt2xHM\n\n## Usage\n\n**Commands:**\n\n```sh\npython -m youtube_drive -h\nusage: youtube-drive [-h] {encode,en,decode,de,upload,up,retrieve,r} ...\n\noptions:\n -h, --help show this help message and exit\n\ncommands:\n {encode,en,decode,de,upload,up,retrieve,r}\n encode (en) encode a file to mp4 video\n decode (de) decode a video to a file\n upload (up) upload a file to YouTube\n retrieve (r) retrieve a video from YouTube save as \n\n```\n\nIf you install from source, you can run the script directly:\n\n```sh\nyoutube-drive -h\nusage: youtube-drive [-h] {encode,en,decode,de,upload,up,retrieve,r} ...\n\noptions:\n -h, --help show this help message and exit\n\ncommands:\n {encode,en,decode,de,upload,up,retrieve,r}\n encode (en) encode a file to mp4 video\n decode (de) decode a video to a file\n upload (up) upload a file to YouTube\n retrieve (r) retrieve a video from YouTube save as \n\n```\n\n**Upload:**\n\n```sh\npython -m youtube_drive up -h\nusage: youtube-drive upload [-h] filename\n\npositional arguments:\n filename encode file to a video and upload to YouTube\n\noptions:\n -h, --help show this help message and exit\n\n```\n\n**Retrieve:**\n\n```sh\npython -m youtube_drive r -h\nusage: youtube-drive retrieve [-h] [--video-id video_id] [-o filename]\n\noptions:\n -h, --help show this help message and exit\n --video-id video_id download YouTube video with \n -o filename save file to \n\n```\n\n**Local Encode:**\n\n```sh\npython -m youtube_drive en -h\nusage: youtube-drive encode [-h] [-i input_filename] [--video-fps video_fps] video_filename\n\npositional arguments:\n video_filename save the video to this filename\n\noptions:\n -h, --help show this help message and exit\n -i input_filename encode file to a video\n --video-fps video_fps\n set video fps, default value is 20\n\n```\n\n**Local Decode:**\n\n```\npython -m youtube_drive de -h\nusage: youtube-drive decode [-h] [-i input_video_filename] filename\n\npositional arguments:\n filename Save the output file to this filename\n\noptions:\n -h, --help show this help message and exit\n -i input_video_filename\n decode the video to a file\n```\n\n## The difference between **youtube-drive** and **YouTubeDrive**\n\nI add 4 bytes for representing data length at the beginning for the file for easily padding to video frames\n" }, { "path": "bin/youtube-drive", "content": "#!/usr/bin/env python\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n\n # Allows you to a relative import from the parent folder\n import os.path\n import sys\n sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), os.pardir))\n\n from youtube_upload import main \n main.run()\n" }, { "path": "bin/youtube-drive.bat", "content": "@python %~dp0youtube-drive %*" }, { "path": "requirements.txt", "content": "numpy\nopencv-python\npillow\nyoutube-dl\n# youtube-upload\ngit+https://github.com/tokland/youtube-upload.git\nPyCryptodome==3.17.0" }, { "path": "setup.py", "content": "#!/usr/bin/python\n\"\"\"Store files as YouTube videos.\"\"\"\nfrom distutils.core import setup\n\nsetup_kwargs = {\n \"name\": \"youtube-drive\",\n \"version\": \"0.0.1\",\n \"description\": \"Store files as YouTube videos\",\n \"author\": \"Le Wang\",\n \"author_email\": \"lewang.dev@gmail.com\",\n \"url\": \"https://github.com/lewangdev/youtube-drive\",\n \"packages\": [\"youtube_drive/\"],\n \"scripts\": [\"bin/youtube-drive\"],\n \"license\": \"Apache-2.0 license\",\n \"long_description\": \" \".join(__doc__.strip().splitlines()),\n \"classifiers\": [\n 'Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP',\n 'Development Status :: 4 - Beta',\n 'Environment :: Console',\n 'License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License',\n 'Operating System :: POSIX',\n 'Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows',\n 'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',\n ],\n \"entry_points\": {\n 'console_scripts': [\n 'youtube-drive = youtube_drive.main:run'\n ],\n },\n \"install_requires\": [\n 'numpy',\n 'opencv-python',\n 'youtube-dl',\n 'pillow',\n 'youtube-upload==0.8.0'\n ],\n \"dependency_links\": [\n 'git+https://github.com/tokland/youtube-upload.git#egg=youtube-upload-0.8.0'\n ]\n}\n\nsetup(**setup_kwargs)\n" }, { "path": "youtube_drive/__init__.py", "content": "VERSION = \"0.0.1\"\n" }, { "path": "youtube_drive/__main__.py", "content": "#!/usr/bin/env python\nfrom __future__ import unicode_literals\n\n# Execute with\n# $ python youtube_drive/__main__.py (2.6+)\n# $ python -m youtube_drive (2.7+)\n\nimport sys\n\nif __package__ is None and not hasattr(sys, 'frozen'):\n # direct call of __main__.py\n import os.path\n path = os.path.realpath(os.path.abspath(__file__))\n sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(path)))\n\nimport youtube_drive.main\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n youtube_drive.main.main(sys.argv[1:])\n" }, { "path": "youtube_drive/config.py", "content": "enable_encryption = False\nencryption_key = 'DefaultEncryptionKey'" }, { "path": "youtube_drive/main.py", "content": "import tempfile\nimport os\nimport sys\nimport uuid\nimport argparse\nimport youtube_dl\nfrom youtube_upload import auth, lib, upload_video\nfrom . import youtube_codec\n\n\ndef get_youtube_upload_handler():\n \"\"\"Return the API Youtube object.\"\"\"\n home = os.path.expanduser(\"~\")\n client_secrets = os.path.join(home, \".client_secrets.json\")\n credentials = os.path.join(home, \".youtube-upload-credentials.json\")\n get_code_callback = (auth.console.get_code)\n return auth.get_resource(client_secrets, credentials,\n get_code_callback=get_code_callback)\n\n\ndef upload_youtube_video(youtube, title, video_path):\n \"\"\"Upload video with index (for split videos).\"\"\"\n u = lib.to_utf8\n title = u(title)\n\n request_body = {\n \"snippet\": {\n \"title\": title,\n \"description\": \"\",\n \"categoryId\": None,\n \"tags\": u(\"\"),\n \"defaultLanguage\": None,\n \"defaultAudioLanguage\": None\n\n },\n \"status\": {\n \"embeddable\": True,\n \"privacyStatus\": \"unlisted\",\n \"publishAt\": None,\n \"license\": \"youtube\",\n },\n \"recordingDetails\": {\n \"location\": None,\n \"recordingDate\": None,\n },\n }\n\n return upload_video.upload(youtube, video_path, request_body)\n\n\ndef download_youtube_video(video_id, output_file_path):\n ydl_opts = {'outtmpl': output_file_path}\n with youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:\n ydl.download([f\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}\"])\n\n\ndef youtube_upload(upload_file_path):\n video_path = tempfile.mktemp(\".mp4\")\n youtube_codec.encode(upload_file_path, video_path)\n youtube = get_youtube_upload_handler()\n video_id = upload_youtube_video(youtube, f\"DATA-{str(uuid.uuid4()).upper()}\", video_path)\n os.remove(video_path)\n return video_id\n\n\ndef youtube_retrieve(video_id, output_file_path):\n video_path = tempfile.mktemp(\".mp4\")\n print(video_path)\n download_youtube_video(video_id, video_path)\n youtube_codec.decode(video_path, output_file_path)\n\n\ndef cmd_upload(args):\n video_id = youtube_upload(args.filename)\n print(f\"YouTube Video ID: {video_id}\", f\"YouTube: https://youtu.be/{video_id}\", sep=\"\\n\")\n\n\ndef cmd_retrieve(args):\n youtube_retrieve(args.video_id, args.o)\n\n\ndef cmd_encode(args):\n if args.encrypt and args.key is not None:\n args.key = str(args.key).encode(\"ascii\")[:16]\n youtube_codec.encode(args.i, args.video_filename, args.encrypt, args.key, args.video_fps)\n\n\ndef cmd_decode(args):\n if args.decrypt and args.key is not None:\n args.key = str(args.key).encode(\"ascii\")[:16]\n youtube_codec.decode(args.i, args.filename, args.decrypt, args.key)\n\n\ndef main(args):\n parser = argparse.ArgumentParser('youtube-drive')\n subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(title=\"commands\")\n\n encode_parser = subparsers.add_parser('encode', aliases=['en'], help='encode a file to mp4 video')\n encode_parser.add_argument('-i',\n action='store',\n metavar=\"input_filename\",\n help='encode file to a video')\n encode_parser.add_argument('--video-fps',\n action='store',\n metavar=\"video_fps\",\n default=20,\n type=int,\n help='set video fps, default value is 20')\n encode_parser.add_argument('video_filename',\n action='store',\n help='save the video to this filename')\n encode_parser.add_argument('--encrypt',\n action='store_true',\n default=False,\n help='encrypt the file')\n encode_parser.add_argument('--key',\n action='store',\n metavar=\"encryption_key\",\n default=None,\n help='encryption key')\n encode_parser.set_defaults(handle=cmd_encode)\n\n decode_parser = subparsers.add_parser('decode', aliases=['de'], help='decode a video to a file')\n decode_parser.add_argument('-i',\n action='store',\n metavar=\"input_video_filename\",\n help='decode the video to a file')\n decode_parser.add_argument('filename',\n action='store',\n help='Save the output file to this filename')\n decode_parser.add_argument('--decrypt',\n action='store_true',\n default=False,\n help='decrypt the file')\n decode_parser.add_argument('--key',\n action='store',\n metavar=\"decryption_key\",\n default=None,\n help='decryption key')\n decode_parser.set_defaults(handle=cmd_decode)\n\n upload_parser = subparsers.add_parser('upload', aliases=['up'], help='upload a file to YouTube')\n upload_parser.add_argument('filename',\n action='store',\n help='encode file to a video and upload to YouTube')\n upload_parser.set_defaults(handle=cmd_upload)\n\n retrieve_parser = subparsers.add_parser(\"retrieve\", aliases=['r'],\n help=\"retrieve a video from YouTube save as \")\n retrieve_parser.add_argument('--video-id',\n action='store',\n metavar=\"video_id\",\n help='download YouTube video with ')\n retrieve_parser.add_argument('-o',\n action='store',\n metavar=\"filename\",\n help='save file to ')\n retrieve_parser.set_defaults(handle=cmd_retrieve)\n arguments = parser.parse_args(args)\n if not hasattr(arguments, 'handle'):\n parser.print_help()\n sys.exit(1)\n\n arguments.handle(arguments)\n\n\ndef run():\n main(sys.argv[1:])\n\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n # video_id = youtebe_upload(\"./examples/upload.mp4\")\n # print(f\"video_id: {video_id}\")\n # youtube_codec.encode(\"./examples/painting.jpg\", \"./examples/upload.mp4\")\n # youtube_codec.decode(\"./examples/upload.mp4\", \"./examples/painting-retrieved.jpg\")\n # youtube_retrieve(\"gKhXk3IGW2s\", \"./examples/painting-retrieved-3.jpg\")\n main(sys.argv[1:])\n" }, { "path": "youtube_drive/youtube_codec.py", "content": "import numpy as np\nfrom PIL import Image\nimport cv2\n\nimport base64\nfrom Crypto.Cipher import AES\nfrom . import config\n\nENABLE_ENCRYPTION = getattr(config, 'enable_encryption', False)\nKEY = getattr(config, 'encryption_key', 'DefaultEncryptionKey').encode(\"ascii\")[:16]\n\n\ndef quotient_remainder(divident, divsor):\n return divident // divsor, divident % divsor\n\n\ndef color_value(x):\n return x*255\n\n\ndef normal(x):\n return x/255\n\n\ndef encrypt_data_aes(data: bytes, key: bytes) -> bytes:\n cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_EAX)\n ciphertext, tag = cipher.encrypt_and_digest(data)\n return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(cipher.nonce + tag + ciphertext)\n\n\ndef decrypt_data_aes(data: bytes, key: bytes) -> bytes:\n raw = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(data)\n nonce, tag, ciphertext = raw[:16], raw[16:32], raw[32:]\n\n cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_EAX, nonce)\n clear_data = cipher.decrypt_and_verify(ciphertext, tag)\n return clear_data\n\n\ndef encode(infile_path, outvideo_path, encrypt=ENABLE_ENCRYPTION, key=KEY,\n fps=20, num_cols_per_frame=64, num_rows_per_frame=36):\n fd = open(infile_path, 'rb')\n raw_data_bytes = fd.read()\n if encrypt:\n raw_data_bytes = encrypt_data_aes(raw_data_bytes, key)\n data_bytes = np.frombuffer(raw_data_bytes, dtype=np.uint8)\n len_of_data = len(data_bytes)\n num_bytes_per_row = int(num_cols_per_frame * 3 / 8)\n num_bytes_per_frame = num_bytes_per_row * num_rows_per_frame\n\n len_bytes = np.array(bytearray(len_of_data.to_bytes(4, byteorder='big')), dtype=np.uint8)\n (num_frames, num_leftover_bytes) = quotient_remainder(4 + len_of_data, num_bytes_per_frame)\n\n if num_leftover_bytes > 0:\n num_bytes_last_frame_padding = num_bytes_per_frame - num_leftover_bytes\n padding_bytes = np.full((num_bytes_last_frame_padding), 0, dtype=np.uint8)\n data_bytes = np.concatenate((len_bytes, data_bytes, padding_bytes))\n num_frames += 1\n else:\n data_bytes = np.concatenate((len_bytes, data_bytes))\n\n # Vedio: size=(1280, 720), fps=20\n size = (num_cols_per_frame * 20, num_rows_per_frame * 20)\n\n video = cv2.VideoWriter(outvideo_path, cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(\n *'mp4v'), fps, size)\n\n for i in range(num_frames):\n frame_bytes = data_bytes[i * num_bytes_per_frame: (i + 1) * num_bytes_per_frame]\n frame_bits = np.unpackbits(frame_bytes)\n # Reshape array to array(36， 72， 3)\n frame = color_value(frame_bits).reshape(num_rows_per_frame, num_cols_per_frame, 3)\n img = Image.fromarray(frame, mode=\"RGB\")\n # Scale image to (1280, 720)\n newimg = img.resize(size, Image.Resampling.BOX)\n video.write(np.asarray(newimg))\n fd.close()\n\n\ndef decode(invideo_path, outfile_path, decrypt=ENABLE_ENCRYPTION, key=KEY):\n i = 0\n step = 20\n data_bits_list = []\n cap = cv2.VideoCapture(invideo_path)\n ret, frame = cap.read()\n while ret:\n frame_shape = np.shape(frame)\n for j in range(0, frame_shape[0], step):\n for k in range(0, frame_shape[1], step):\n piece = frame[j:j+step, k:k+step].reshape(step*step, 3)\n round = normal(piece.mean(0)).round().astype(np.uint8)\n data_bits_list.append(round)\n ret, frame = cap.read()\n i += 1\n cap.release()\n data_bits = np.array(data_bits_list).reshape(len(data_bits_list) * 3, 1)\n data_bytes = np.packbits(data_bits)\n len_of_data = int.from_bytes(data_bytes[:4], byteorder='big')\n data_bytes_retrieved = data_bytes[4:len_of_data+4].tobytes()\n if decrypt:\n data_bytes_retrieved = decrypt_data_aes(data_bytes_retrieved, key)\n fd = open(outfile_path, 'wb')\n fd.write(data_bytes_retrieved)\n fd.close()\n\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n # encode(\"../examples/painting.jpg\", \"../examples/upload.mp4\")\n # decode(\"../examples/upload.mp4\", \"../examples/painting-retrieved2.jpg\")\n pass\n" } ]