Full Code of pubyun/macdev for AI

Repository: pubyun/macdev
Branch: master
Commit: 59bea60b83cf
Files: 11
Total size: 54.9 KB

Directory structure:
gitextract_vnw1v3h0/

├── LICENSE
├── README.md
├── apps.md
├── basic.md
├── install.md
├── java.md
├── php.md
├── python.en.md
├── python.md
├── recovery.md
└── refs.md

================================================
FILE CONTENTS
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FILE: LICENSE
================================================
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
                       Version 3, 29 June 2007

 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

    {project}  Copyright (C) {year}  {fullname}
    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".

  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.


================================================
FILE: README.md
================================================
# Mac for Developer v0.1

将本人在使用Mac作为开发工具的过程中的一些体会做个记录和整理，方便以后自己和团队的参考，提高效率。如果本文对其他开发人员也有所帮助，欢迎您给给出反馈或者提出改进意见。

本文假设您是一个开发工程师，并且是一个Mac的新手。这些步骤在OS X Yosemite下测试通过。

欢迎大家一起改进这个项目，请`Fork`、`Star`或在[Issues](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/issues)中提交 :)
Please improve this project together. Submit your ideas by `Fork`、`Star` or [Issues](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/issues) :)

您也可以关注我的[新浪微博](http://weibo.com/pubyun)，以获取最新消息。
You can also follow my [weibo](http://weibo.com/pubyun) for the latest news.

## Catalog

* [Installation of OS X](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/blob/master/install.md)
* [Backup and recovery of OS X](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/blob/master/recovery.md)
* [Basic configuration](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/blob/master/basic.md)
* [Development enviroment of Python](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/blob/master/python.en.md)
* Development enviroment of Ruby - Work in progress ...
* [Development enviroment of Java](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/blob/master/java.md)
* [Development enviroment of PHP](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/blob/master/php.md)
* [Useful software](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/blob/master/apps.md)
* Config - Work in progress ...
* Common hotkey - Work in progress ...
* [Reference documentation](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/blob/master/refs.md)


## 目录

* [OS X的安装](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/blob/master/install.md)
* [OS X的备份和恢复](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/blob/master/recovery.md)
* [基本设置](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/blob/master/basic.md)
* [python开发环境的设置](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/blob/master/python.md)
* ruby开发环境的设置 - 整理中...
* [Java开发环境的设置](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/blob/master/java.md)
* [PHP开发环境的设置](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/blob/master/php.md)
* [常用软件](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/blob/master/apps.md)
* 配置文件 - 整理中 ...
* 常用快捷键 - 整理中 ...
* [参考文档](https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/blob/master/refs.md)


================================================
FILE: apps.md
================================================
# 常用软件

## 效率工具

* Evernote（知识管理工具）
    * Geeknote (终端版Evernote)
* OmniFocus（GTD极品,学习成本比较高）
* OmniGraffle（流程图）
* OmniOutliner（提纲思路）
* Oh My Zsh
* autojump (直达目录)

## The missing package manager for OS X
* Homebrew

## 系统工具

* JiTouch
* OnyX
* XQuartz（X11）
* CleanMyMac 3（垃圾清理）
* iterm2（终端）
* ShiftIt（快捷键窗口控制）
* Asepsis (转存 .DS_Store)
* Gas Mask（Host切换）
* Itsycal（显示日历）
* cd to
* XtraFinder（Finder扩展）
* Alfred（万能搜索）
* KeyCue（快捷键大全）
* PopClip（增强复制粘贴）
* FileZilla (FTP工具)
* Retina DisplayMenu (更改显示器分辨率, 可超频)

## 压缩和解压缩

* BetterZip
* The Unarchiver

## 浏览器

* Chrome
* Firefox

## 密码管理

* lastpass
* 1password

## 即时通讯

* QQ
* AliWangWang
* Skype
* LimeChat（IRC）

## 虚拟机

* Parallels Desktop
* VMware fusion
* Genymotion（Android虚拟机）
* VirtualBox

## 云存储

* 百度云
* 腾讯微云
* Dropbox

## VPN 和翻墙

* GoAgentX
* Tunnelblick
* ShadowsocksX

## 开发相关

* Dash
* Vagrant
* Mou（Markdown编辑器）
* Haroopad（Markdown编辑器）
* MacDown (Markdown 编辑器)
* Atom (IDE)
* TextMate（编辑器）
* Sublime Text（编辑器）
* XCode（IDE）
* Eclipse（IDE）
* IntelliJ IDEA（IDE）
* PyCharm（Python IDE）
* PHPStorm（PHP IDE）
* WebStorm（Js IDE）
* Wireshark（网络流量分析）
* CocoaPacketAnalyzer（网络流量分析）
* SourceTree（Git图形客户端）
* GitHub Desktop（Git图形客户端）
* SmartSVN（SVN图形客户端）
* Navicat（数据库管理）
* RoboMongo（MongoDB数据库管理）
* Axure（原型设计）
* Coda2（网页开发）
* xScope（设计度量）
* Kaleidoscope（文件比较）
* DiffMerge（文件比较）
* DiffFork（更好的文件比较）

## 输入法

* 搜狗输入法
* 百度输入法
* QQ输入法
* 鼠鬚管（开源）

## 设计相关

* Adobe CC
* Corel Painter

## 其他

* 迅雷
* VLC（影音）
* f.lux (自动调节色温保护眼睛)
* CoRD（RDP远程桌面）
* TeamViewer（远程控制）


================================================
FILE: basic.md
================================================
# 基本设置

## Alfred

Alfred是Mac平台上使用最频繁的效率工具，被誉为神兵利器。Alfred 2发布以后，在免费版的基础上加入了Powerpack模式，引入了工作流的概念，可以做出远比快速启动和自定义搜索更酷的事情。

免费版的Alfred已经可以满足我们的日常需要，极大提高我们的工作效率，常用的功能有：

* 快速查找程序和文件
* 快速搜索互联网
* 快速搜索联系人
* 计算器和字典
* 剪贴板和代码片段
* 强大的扩展功能和工作流

具体的安装和使用方法可以参见[官方网站](http://www.alfredapp.com/)和搜索相关资料。

## Xcode Command Line Tools

Xcode是Apple的一个开发工具和库集合，Xcode Command Line Tools是Xcode的一部分。安装很多Unix软件都需要使用GCC编译器等开发工具，Xcode Command Line Tools就包含这些工具。

检查Xcode Command Line Tools是否已经安装：

    $ xcode-select -p
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer

打开一个终端窗口(Terminal)，运行命令：

    xcode-select --install

然后点击"Install"按钮，安装Xcode的命令行工具

## 软件包管理工具

使用过Debian或者RedHat的操作系统的人，一定非常熟悉aptitude或yum包管理工具。在OS X平台下，同样有优秀的软件包管理工具，可以管理大量Apple没有提供，而你又经常会用到的开源软件包。我们有两种选择——MacPorts和Homebrew。

用过FreeBSD的人应该不会对它的包管理系统port感到陌生，而MacPorts正是由FreeBSD的port移植而来的。Homebrew则是一个全新的包管理系统，用Ruby进行开发。这两种包管理系统的工作方式都是下载source code然后在本地编译。但是这两种包管理系统还是存在很大差异的，主要差异有以下三点：

* MacPorts的理念是尽量减少对系统现有库的依赖，而Homebrew则是尽量依赖系统现有库。
* MacPorts的Package都是安装到/opt/local，而Homebrew的Package都是安装到/usr/local。
* Macports使用rsync进行同步（现在也可以使用svn，详情点击[这里](https://trac.macports.org/wiki/howto/SyncingWithSVN)），而Homebrew使用git进行同步。

MacPorts会自己重新编译系统现有库，编译时间较长，好处是不怎么依赖系统。同时Package都被安装到了/opt/local中，不会与系统现有的软件发生冲突。而Homebrew则正好相反，Homebrew会尽量使用系统现有库，所以编译时间会显著减少，坏处是与系统紧密依赖。同时Package都被安装到了/usr/local，有可能与系统自带的软件发生冲突。

总体来说，Homebrew使用简单，编译时间短，比较适合新手使用。MacPorts编译时间长，命令还要带上sudo，易用性上没有Homebrew好，但是比较干净，适合有洁癖的人使用（比如说我(^_-)）。

还有最后一个问题，如果你使用了proxy或者firewall，MacPorts默认的rsync有可能会失效，请切换至svn方式进行同步。

### MacPorts

以下内容可能会随时间的推移而发生变化，请到[官方网站](https://www.macports.org/)查看最新文档（ RTFM ！！）

* 安装MacPorts:

1.安装Xcode和Xcode Command Line Tools

2.在终端中同意Xcode许可
    
    sudo xcodebuild －license

3.到[这里](https://www.macports.org/install.php)选择与你系统版本相符的pkg包，下载并安装

* 常用命令

寻求帮助:
    
    port help
这个命令可以指定动作，如:
    
    port help selfupdate

同步 ports tree:
    
    sudo port selfupdate
这个命令也会同时检测是否有新版本的MacPorts。

安装软件:
    
    sudo port install gcc

列出所有可用包:
    
    port list
当没有指定包名称时，会列出所有可用包，当指定了包名称时，会列出该包的所有可用版本。

查看已安装软件包:
    
    port installed

查看可升级软件包:
    
    port outdated

升级所有软件:
    
    sudo port upgrade outdated

搜索某个软件:
    
    port search gcc

查看软件包信息:
    
    port info gcc

清除垃圾:
    
    sudo port clean --all gcc
你也可以清除指定文件，详情自行port help clean。

卸载软件:
    
    sudo port uninstall gcc

移除已升级的软件包不活跃的版本:
    
    sudo port unistall inactive

列出软件包的依赖关系:
    
    port deps gcc

* 高级使用技巧（Port Variants）:

Port Variants为我们提供了一种自定义编译选项的方法（和Gentoo中的USE标签类似）。

获取可用的选项:
    
    port variants gcc

调用variants进行编译:
    
    sudo port －v install fetchmail ＋ssl

### Homebrew

Homebrew为Mac OS X提供了非常方便的软件安装方式，解决了包的依赖问题，不再需要烦人的sudo，一键式编译，无参数困扰。

由于Homebrew的安装方式可能变化，请到[官方网站](http://brew.sh)查看最新的方法和文档。

安装Homebrew:

    ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
    brew doctor

更新formula和Homebrew:

    brew update

显示已经安装的软件列表:

    brew list

搜索某个软件:

    brew search wget

安装某个软件:

    brew install wget

查看需要升级的软件:

    brew outdated

升级所有的软件:

    brew upgrade

升级某个软件:

    brew upgrade wget

删除某个软件:

    brew uninstall wget --force

查看软件包信息:

    brew info wget

列出软件包的依赖关系:

    brew deps wget

出错以后的处理:

    brew update
    brew doctor

### homebrew-cask

通常OS X下二进制软件是通过App Store安装的，homebrew-cask是一个基于HomeBrew的软件安装程序，使用homebrew-cask可以在命令行下安装软件包，相对Mac App Store，还有一些优势：

* 安装软件体验一致、简洁、优雅、快速
* 对常用软件支持更全面，例如MPlayerX已经宣布不在更新Mac App Store上的版本
* 软件更新速度快。例如Alfred 2.0已经出了很久，但在Mac App Store上还是1.2版本，QQ也是这样的情况
* Mac App Store生态圈远不完善，审核流程过长，限制太多，维护成本过高让很多应用开发者被迫离开。

homebrew-cask和Homebrew的区别：

* Homebrew安装的是源文件包, 下载源文件、编译、安装，比如安装wget, gnupg, mutt等。
* homebrew-cask安装的是二进制软件包, 比如QQ，Chrome，evernote等。homebrew-cask安装软件时自动创建软连接到Application目录，这样在Launchpad中也能查看到安装的软件，方便启动软件。

#### 安装homebrew-cask

    brew install caskroom/cask/brew-cask

#### 常用命令

列出所有可以被安装的软件：

    brew cask search

查找所有和drop相关的应用:

    brew cask search drop

查看迅雷应用的信息:

    brew cask info thunder

卸载QQ:

    brew cask uninstall qq

查看已安装的软件

    brew cask list

更新Casks:

    brew update && brew upgrade brew-cask

关于软件更新，目前homebrew-cask并不提供命令直接更新已安装的软件，软件更新主要是通过软件自身的更新流程，不过也可以通过以下命令先删除软件，再重新安装。

    brew cask uninstall APP && brew cask install APP


#### 一键装机？有了homebrew-cask就可以

    brew cask install alfred
    brew cask install qq
    brew cask install skype
    brew cask install thunder
    brew cask install mplayerx
    brew cask install evernote
    brew cask install skitch
    brew cask install dropbox
    brew cask install google-chrome
    brew cask install mou
    brew cask install iterm2
    brew cask install sublime-text

## iTerm2

Mac是一个具有精致图形界面的Unix平台，作为开发人员，经常会使用到终端(Terminal)或者称作控制台(Console)。系统自带的Terminal程序已经做得不错了，但是iTerm2的功能依然要更强大一些。

具体的安装和使用方法可以参见[官方网站](http://www.iterm2.com/)和搜索相关资料。

## Go2Shell

Go2Shell可以方便地实现在Finder当前目录中打开一个终端，如果你经常需要在Finder和终端下切换工作，那么Go2Shell是你的必备工具。

安装完毕之后进入Applications文件夹中按住command键拖动Go2Shell图标到Finder工具栏上，以后点击可开启终端到当前路径。

Go2Shell可以配合Iterm2使用，设置方式是在Termial執行下述命令

    open -a go2shell --args config

跳出Go2Shell Setup，选iTerm2

## zsh

喜欢强大的zsh，直接切换成zsh

    chsh -s /bin/zsh

## oh-my-zsh

## prezto（oh-my-zsh不要用？试试prezto）

https://github.com/sorin-ionescu/prezto

## tmux

## 浏览器

### Google Chrome

内置Intel HD 4000/HD 5000/Iris系列显卡的机器，比如2012 Mac Air, 2013 Mac pro 13等，在OS X操作系统上运行Chrome，会频繁发生操作系统死机的情况。这个问题在[2012.6.28就被Google确认](http://gizmodo.com/5922235/we-were-right-google-confirms-chrome-is-to-blame-for-crashing-macbooks)，是OS X内核的一个Bug，直到现在一直没有修正。

临时的解决办法是，关闭Chrome的硬件加速, 在Chrome的设置里，选择"Show advanced settings"，然后关闭选项"Use hardware acceleration when available"。

### Safari

### Firefox

## 编辑器

### Vim

https://github.com/perfectworks/vim

### Emacs


================================================
FILE: install.md
================================================
# 系统的安装

## 安装之前

重装之前，使用时光机器(Time Machine)，将所有硬盘资料备份到移动硬盘上。这个也可以方便地作为系统快照，恢复之前某个时刻的机器的状态。数据无价，Time Machine是Mac最有价值的功能之一，一次设置，终生受益。不管是更换机器，重新安装系统，丢失机器，还是硬件损坏，Time Machine都是你最后的保障。

覆盖安装和全新安装（即抹盘安装），默认是覆盖安装。你可以在安装界面使用磁盘工具将系统盘抹掉，这样安装以后就是一个完全干净的系统，但是你的数据和程序也将完全清除。你也可以选择覆盖安装，安装之前无需将系统盘抹掉，这样不会丢失程序和数据，但是可能引起冲突、不一致等问题。

安装时，请将语言选为English，不要使用中文界面。碰到问题的时候，使用英文关键词，在互联网查找、搜索，可以比中文关键字获得更加准确和丰富的信息。

## 网络安装还是本地安装

Mac OS X支持网络安装和本地安装。网络安装，就是直接使用command+R，进入恢复模式，然后从互联网下载操作系统进行安装，整个过程自动、方便。安装的时候，注意只能使用wifi网络，并且仅支持WPA/WPA2加密方式，不支持WEP加密方式。

本地安装，就是预先下载安装镜像，制作安装盘，直接从本地安装盘安装。这样时间进度可控，出现问题的风险小。以后进行重新安装和恢复的时候，再也不用重新从网络长时间等待下载，整个安装过程一般在半个小时内完成。

苹果缺省的安装方式是网络安装，但是我们推荐使用本地安装方式。因为网络安装的方式在美国可能很适合，安装速度很快，但是中国大陆需要从境外服务器下载。Yosemite（10.10）安装镜像有5.2G大，即使你的网速有100Mbps或者更高，你也经常会发现网络安装的过程是一个痛苦的体验，往往看着安装进度条蜗牛一般前进，提示还有上百小时才能下载完毕。

## DNS服务器的选择

由于苹果的软件采用网络分发，下载服务器全球分布，选用不同的DNS会很大程度上影响软件的下载速度。推荐的一些DNS有：

* 114.114.114.114 南京信风

* 8.8.8.8         Google

* 178.79.131.110  V2EX

## 制作安装盘

### 分区

准备一个U盘或移动硬盘（大于等于6G），建议使用USB 3或者雷电高速接口。最好使用移动硬盘作为介质，速度比U盘快，同时可以将移动硬盘作为时光机器和恢复磁盘助手(Recovery Disk Assistant)。

首先在磁盘工具内的"Options"里，选择GUID，否则无法启动，然后在"Partision Layout"将移动硬盘分成三个分区：

* 分区名字Yosemite，大小8G，格式是Mac OS Extended(Journaled)，本地磁盘安装介质的制作，方便以后安装系统。

* 分区名字recovery，大小2G，格式是Mac OS Extended(Journaled)，恢复助手，用于对系统进行恢复。

* 分区名字data，剩余的磁盘空间，格式是Mac OS Extended(Journaled)，数据备份和时光机器的介质。

### 制作安装盘

你可以从Mac App Store下载安装镜像:

    https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/os-x-yosemite/id915041082?mt=12

从App Store完成下载后，OS X Yosemite安装程序会自动启动，不要点击继续，停在安装界面第一页。插入刚才分区好的移动硬盘或者U盘，在命令行输入下面的命令，制作安装盘:

    sudo /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Yosemite.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/Yosemite --applicationpath /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Yosemite.app --nointeraction

等待创建完成，你就拥有了一个安装启动盘，以后都可以用来安装恢复系统。

### 制作恢复盘

苹果提供OS X Recovery Disk Assistant工具，这个工具将在本地磁盘制作一个恢复分区。下载地址：

    http://support.apple.com/kb/dl1433

## 安装OS X

安装盘制作完毕后，重启并按Option键，选择安装盘安装。安装或者恢复之前，一般使用时光机器进行备份，然后用磁盘工具删掉之前的机器磁盘上的内容。

安装一般需要30分钟左右。

## 安装以后

* 更改安全设置

允许从所有来源安装应用程序，在Security and Privacy里设置"Allow apps downloaded from" 选项为"Anywhere"

* 更改触摸板默认设置

在"Trackpad"里打开"Tap to click"设置


================================================
FILE: java.md
================================================
# Java开发环境的设置

## Java安装

### 安装Mac原生的Java

Mac OS X 系统安装的时候，不带Java，但是可以通过简单的方法快速安装苹果原生的Java，版本是1.6。有三种安装方式：

* 第一次使用java程序，比如打开eclipse的时候，系统就会自动安装Java。

* 命令行下，执行下面的命令：

    java -version

* 直接从苹果官方网站下载Java安装文件:

    http://support.apple.com/kb/DL1572?viewlocale=zh_CN

### 安装新版的Java 1.7

从下列网站下载 Mac OS X 版本的JDK，文件名是jdk-7u51-macosx-x64.dmg：

    http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html

## 设置JAVA_HOME环境变量

很多Java应用需要使用到JAVA_HOME环境变量，在Mac下，可以使用下面的方法，动态获取这个环境变量：

获取Java 1.6的JAVA_HOME：

    /usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.6

获取Java 1.7的JAVA_HOME：

    /usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.7

使用动态的方式设置JAVA_HOME的好处是，当自动升级了新版本的JAVA时，总能找到合适的JAVA_HOME目录。基于这个原因，程序员不要将文件安装在'/System'目录的JDK，因为Java升级的时候，文件会丢失。

也可以通过下列方法设置用户的环境变量，编辑文件'~/.zshrc'或'~/.bash_profile'，加入下面两行之一：

对于Java 1.6：

    export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.6`
    export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH

对于Java 1.7：

    export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.7`
    export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH

## 扩展库(Extension Libraries)的目录位置 

其他平台的Java软件使用'$JAVA_HOME/lib/ext'来存放扩展库的jar文件，Mac OS X的Java虽然也存在这一个'lib/ext'目录，你不能将jar文件存放在这个目录。'/Library/Java/Extensions'目录可以用来存放系统级别的jar文件或JNI库，'~/Library/Java/Extensions'目录用来存放用户级别的jar文件或JNI库。存放在这两个目录下的文件，不需要设置在classpath环境变量下，任何运行的java程序都可以直接使用。

## 安装Eclipse

### 手工安装

从下列地址下载Eclipse的相应版本，我一般选用'Eclipse IDE for Java EE Developers':

    http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/

下载，解压文件，然后将eclipse目录拖到'Applications'目录，双击'/Applications/eclipse/'下的eclipse应用程序图标，就可以启动eclipse。

编辑文件'~/.zshrc'或'~/.bash_profile'，加入：

   export ECLIPSE_HOME=/Applications/eclipse

### 使用homebrew-cask安装

    % brew cask alfred link
    % brew cask install eclipse-ide
    ==> Downloading http://download.eclipse.org/technology/epp/downloads/release/kepler/SR1/e
    ######################################################################## 100.0%
    ==> Symlinking App 'Eclipse.app' to '/Users/ppyy/Applications/Eclipse.app'
    ==> Success! eclipse-ide installed to /opt/homebrew-cask/Caskroom/eclipse-ide/4.3.1

这里'brew cask alfred link'可以使homebrew cask安装的程序被Alfed搜索到，可以快速启动。

编辑文件'~/.zshrc'或'~/.bash_profile'，加入：

   export ECLIPSE_HOME=/opt/homebrew-cask/Caskroom/eclipse-ide/4.3.1/eclipse/

### eclipse的优化

安装完毕eclipse以后，为了优化eclipse的运行，可以编辑目录'$ECLIPSE_HOME/Eclipse.app/Contents/MacOS'下的eclipse.ini文件。如果没有设置ECLIPSE_HOME变量，则在'Finder'程序下，右键点击(Ctrl+点击)Eclipse执行程序，选择'Show Package Contents'，然后选择Contents目录下的MacOS目录，打开eclipse.ini文件，修改下列一些变量：

    --launcher.XXMaxPermSize
    2048m
    ...
    -vmargs
    ...
    -Xms512m
    -Xmx850m
    -XX:PermSize=512m
    -XX:MaxPermSize=1024m

## 安装ant, maven, tomcat, jetty

    brew install ant maven tomcat jetty



================================================
FILE: php.md
================================================
# php开发环境设置

### hombrew

``` sh
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
```

可能需要翻墙，大概率需要`shadowsock`或者其他翻墙工具加上`proxychain-ng`可以做到翻墙使用homebrew。

### php环境

虽然Mac OS X 自带了php，但是我们可以选择使用Homebrew安装php56或者php54因为：

- 使用Homebrew安装更新的php版本
- 同时安装5.6和5.5和5.4的php
- Homebrew会同时安装xdebug和mcrypt等工具

安装python 56：

``` 
brew install homebrew/php/php56
brew install homebrew/php/php56-mcrypt
brew install homebrew/php/php56-xdebug
```

安装python 5.4：

``` 
brew install homebrew/php/php54
```

一般来说如果php安装了xdebug，大概率composer运行的时候会报错。所以用来运行脚本的php不能安装xdebug。可以这样把已经安装了xdebug调试工具的php从`PATH`中移除。

``` sh
brew unlink php56
```

### composer

##### 英文原版安装（需要翻墙）

参考网址https://getcomposer.org/doc/00-intro.md

You can place the Composer PHAR anywhere you wish. If you put it in a directorythat is part of your `PATH`, you can access it globally. On unixy systems youcan even make it executable and invoke it without directly using the `php`interpreter.

Run these commands to globally install `composer` on your system:

``` sh
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
```

A quick copy-paste version including sudo:

``` sh
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | sudo php -- --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer
```

##### 中文镜像库安装

参考网址http://docs.phpcomposer.com/00-intro.html

如果你把它放在系统的 `PATH` 目录中，你就能在全局访问它。 在类Unix系统中，你甚至可以在使用时不加 `php` 前缀。

你可以执行这些命令让 `composer` 在你的系统中进行全局调用：

``` sh
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
```

**注意：** 如果上诉命令因为权限执行失败，请使用 sudo 再次尝试运行 `mv` 那行命令。

或者

检查一些 PHP 的设置，然后下载 `composer.phar` 到你的工作目录中。这是 Composer 的二进制文件。这是一个 PHAR 包（PHP 的归档），这是 PHP 的归档格式可以帮助用户在命令行中执行一些操作。

你可以通过 `--install-dir` 选项指定 Composer 的安装目录（它可以是一个绝对或相对路径）：

``` sh
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php -- --install-dir=bin
```



================================================
FILE: python.en.md
================================================
# Configuration of the dev environment of Python

## Python (optional)
Although Mac OS X comes with Python, we can use Homebrew to intall Python 2.7.x because

* Use Homebrew to install more recent version of Python
* Intall Python 2.7.x and 3.x at the same time
* Homebrew will install tools like setuptools and pip

To install Python 2.7.x

    brew install python --with-brewed-openssl

To install Python 3.x

    brew install python3 --with-brewed-openssl

## pip

We use pip to manage packages:

    sudo easy_install pip

## virtualenv virtualenvwrapper

To install packages: 

    sudo pip install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper

To create the virtualenv folder

    mkdir ~/virtualenvs

To config virtualenv in .zshrc or .bash_profile

    # virtualenvwrapper
    export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python
    export WORKON_HOME=~/virtualenvs
    [ -f /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh ] && source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
    [ -f /etc/bash_completion.d/virtualenvwrapper ] && source /etc/bash_completion.d/virtualenvwrapper
    export PIP_VIRTUALENV_BASE=$WORKON_HOME
    export PIP_RESPECT_VIRTUALENV=true


To create the first python 2 virtualenv:

    mkvirtualenv test

To create the first python 3 virtualenv:

    mkvirtualenv -p python3 test

## PyCharm

PyCharm is the best Python IDE so far. There are community and professional versions for you to choose.



================================================
FILE: python.md
================================================
# python开发环境的设置

## Python (可选)

虽然Mac OS X 自带了Python，但是我们可以选择使用Homebrew安装Python 2.7.x。因为：

* 使用Homebrew安装更新的python版本
* 同时安装2.7.x和3.x的python
* Homebrew会同时安装setuptools和pip等工具

安装python 2.7.x：

    brew install python --with-brewed-openssl

安装python 3.x：

    brew install python3 --with-brewed-openssl

## pip

我们使用pip来管理软件包：

    sudo easy_install pip

由于pip从pypi下载软件包，境外的pypi站点非常慢，导致安装缓慢或者下载失败。所幸清华大学和豆瓣都提供了pypi镜像，可以通过下面的配置文件来配置：

    $ vim ~/.pip/pip.conf
    ; http://www.pypi-mirrors.org/
    [global]
    index-url=https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple

## virtualenv virtualenvwrapper

安装软件包：

    sudo pip install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper

创建virtualenv目录：

    mkdir ~/virtualenvs

在.zshrc或者.bash_profile里配置virtualenv:

    # virtualenvwrapper
    export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python
    export WORKON_HOME=~/virtualenvs
    [ -f /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh ] && source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
    [ -f /etc/bash_completion.d/virtualenvwrapper ] && source /etc/bash_completion.d/virtualenvwrapper
    export PIP_VIRTUALENV_BASE=$WORKON_HOME
    export PIP_RESPECT_VIRTUALENV=true


创建第一个python 2 的 virtualenv：

    mkvirtualenv test

创建第一个python 3 的 virtualenv：

    mkvirtualenv -p python3 test

## PyCharm

PyCharm是python最好的集成开发工具，目前有专业版和社区版可供选择。




================================================
FILE: recovery.md
================================================
# 备份和恢复

第一次使用Mac OS X下的时光机器(Time Machine)，就被苹果如此完美贴心的备份恢复方案打动。数据无价，电脑里留下了岁月的痕迹和凝结了我们的心血，数据备份的重要性是怎么强调都不为过的。Time Machine是对这些数据最好的保护。只要你已经使用Time Machine备份过，设想一下：

* 当你的Mac丢失或者硬件损坏了以后，你只要从苹果商店新买一台Mac，然后从Time Machine备份中恢复。你会看到一个和之前一模一样的系统，包括数据、设置、状态。
* 当你给自己奖赏了一台新Mac时候，可以使用Time Machine将所有东西迁移过去。
* 当你误删除一个文档，几个月以后再想起来，可以从Time Machine恢复。
* 当你对一个文档做了多次修改，引入了一个错误，希望恢复某次正确的一个版本的时候，Time Machine可以帮助你。

如果你熟悉git，那Time Machine简直就是一个操作系统级别的版本控制！

当我安装好一个新的Mac OS X系统以后，第一件事情，就是设置Time Machine。

现在云存储已经普及，容量也足够大，但是Time Machine还是有不可替代的优势：

* 云存储没有版本历史，不能对之前的数据恢复。删除了就是删除了，也不能恢复之前某个时刻版本的数据资料。
* 云存储有隐私泄露的问题，爱德华·斯诺登给我们好好上了一课。
* 云存储不能解决恢复问题，仅仅只能做最基本的文件存储，不能在一台新的Mac上恢复所有数据和配置

简单地说，云存储就是一个简单的Windows操作系统级别的拷贝备份，和Time Machine细颗粒度，多版本，包括数据、配置、状态的完整备份恢复方案相比，弱爆了。

基于上述理由，郑重提醒，在设置Time Machine的exclude目录的时候，千万不要将云存储映射的目录排除在外。否则这些你认为已经被云存储保护过的资料，就不能享受Time Machine的保护，而这些资料往往是你最重要的资料。

## 准备工作

Time Machine可以使用下面一些方式进行，我还是选择简单、可靠、廉价的第一种方案：

* 本地外接移动硬盘

基于速度考虑，建议使用USB 3或者雷电高速接口，硬盘的大小可以选择1T或者2T，这个硬盘将伴随着你，保护你一生的数据资料。移动硬盘的分区方案，参见[安装]部分说明(https://github.com/pubyun/macdev/blob/master/install.md)

* 使用Time Capsule

无线方案，使用方便。缺点是Time Capsule发热量大，速度相对于有线方案也较慢。

* 如果你有一台Linux服务器，可以安装netatalk软件

看上去是一个理想的方案，但是设置好备份以后，不知道由于什么原因出现过几次备份无效，导致需要完全重新备份，后来丢弃了这个方案。


## Time Machine的设置

Time Machine这么强大的功能，设置其实很简单，苹果官方网站有详细的[指南](http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1427?viewlocale=zh_CN)，我在这里就不再重复。

需要注意的是，Mac OS X会在运行中产生一些临时数据或者中间数据，这些数据往往占用空间较大，而没有保存价值，可以设置成exclude，常见的有：

    /Library/Application Support/
    /Library/Caches/
    /private/var/log/
    /private/var/vm/
    /private/var/tmp/
    ~/Downloads/
    ~/Library/Caches
    ~/Library/Application Support/MobileSync/
    ~/.Trash/
    ~/Documents/Virtual\ Machines.localized/
    ~/Library/Parallels

备份完毕以后，移动硬盘需要在Finder下umount才能拔出，否则有可能数据丢失。



================================================
FILE: refs.md
================================================
# 参考文档

* [OS X键盘快捷键] (http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1343?viewlocale=zh_CN)
* [Multi-Touch手势] (http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4721?viewlocale=zh_CN)
* [Time Machine备份Mac] (http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1427?viewlocale=zh_CN)
* [全面了解电池] (http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1446?viewlocale=zh_CN)
* [基于Intel的Mac的启动组合键] (http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1533?viewlocale=zh_CN)
* [mac-dev-setup] (https://github.com/nicolashery/mac-dev-setup)
* [mac-dev] (http://www.yangzhiping.com/tech/mac-dev.html)
* [Best-App] (https://github.com/hzlzh/Best-App)
* [laptop] (https://github.com/thoughtbot/laptop)
* [简单4步，创建 OS X Mavericks USB 安装启动盘] (http://ksmx.me/blog/2013/10/24/create-an-os-x-mavericks-usb-installer/)
* [How to make a bootable OS X 10.10 Yosemite install drive] (http://www.macworld.com/article/2367748/how-to-make-a-bootable-os-x-10-10-yosemite-install-drive.html)