Repository: pypa/pipx
Branch: main
Commit: 60ecaffde83d
Files: 139
Total size: 885.5 KB
Directory structure:
gitextract_awsmj108/
├── .deepsource.toml
├── .github/
│ ├── CONTRIBUTING.md
│ ├── FUNDING.yaml
│ ├── ISSUE_TEMPLATE/
│ │ ├── bug.md
│ │ ├── config.yml
│ │ └── feature_request.md
│ ├── PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
│ ├── SECURITY.md
│ ├── config.yml
│ ├── dependabot.yaml
│ ├── release.yml
│ └── workflows/
│ ├── create_tests_package_lists.yml
│ ├── exhaustive_package_test.yml
│ ├── pre-release.yml
│ ├── release.yml
│ └── tests.yml
├── .gitignore
├── .pre-commit-config.yaml
├── .pre-commit-hooks.yaml
├── .readthedocs.yml
├── LICENSE
├── changelog.d/
│ ├── .gitignore
│ ├── 1443.bugfix.md
│ ├── 1508.bugfix.md
│ ├── 1602.bugfix.md
│ └── 1718.bugfix.md
├── docs/
│ ├── README.md
│ ├── changelog.md
│ ├── contributing.md
│ ├── explanation/
│ │ ├── comparisons.md
│ │ ├── how-pipx-works.md
│ │ ├── index.md
│ │ └── making-packages-compatible.md
│ ├── how-to/
│ │ ├── configure-paths.md
│ │ ├── index.md
│ │ ├── inject-packages.md
│ │ ├── install-pipx.md
│ │ ├── move-installation.md
│ │ ├── pin-packages.md
│ │ ├── run-scripts.md
│ │ ├── shell-completions.md
│ │ ├── troubleshoot.md
│ │ ├── upgrade-pipx.md
│ │ └── use-with-pre-commit.md
│ ├── index.md
│ ├── reference/
│ │ ├── environment-variables.md
│ │ ├── examples.md
│ │ ├── index.md
│ │ └── programs-to-try.md
│ └── tutorial/
│ ├── getting-started.md
│ ├── index.md
│ ├── install-applications.md
│ └── run-applications.md
├── get-pipx.py
├── mkdocs.yml
├── pyproject.toml
├── scripts/
│ ├── gen_doc_pages.py
│ ├── generate_man.py
│ ├── list_test_packages.py
│ ├── migrate_pipsi_to_pipx.py
│ ├── release.py
│ ├── templates/
│ │ └── docs.md
│ ├── test_packages_support.py
│ └── update_package_cache.py
├── src/
│ └── pipx/
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── __main__.py
│ ├── animate.py
│ ├── colors.py
│ ├── commands/
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ ├── common.py
│ │ ├── ensure_path.py
│ │ ├── environment.py
│ │ ├── inject.py
│ │ ├── install.py
│ │ ├── interpreter.py
│ │ ├── list_packages.py
│ │ ├── pin.py
│ │ ├── reinstall.py
│ │ ├── run.py
│ │ ├── run_pip.py
│ │ ├── uninject.py
│ │ ├── uninstall.py
│ │ └── upgrade.py
│ ├── constants.py
│ ├── emojis.py
│ ├── interpreter.py
│ ├── main.py
│ ├── package_specifier.py
│ ├── paths.py
│ ├── pipx_metadata_file.py
│ ├── shared_libs.py
│ ├── standalone_python.py
│ ├── util.py
│ ├── venv.py
│ ├── venv_inspect.py
│ └── version.pyi
├── testdata/
│ ├── empty_project/
│ │ ├── README.md
│ │ ├── empty_project/
│ │ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ │ └── main.py
│ │ └── pyproject.toml
│ ├── pipx_metadata_multiple_errors.json
│ ├── standalone_python_index_20250818.json
│ ├── standalone_python_index_20250828.json
│ ├── test_package_specifier/
│ │ └── local_extras/
│ │ ├── repeatme/
│ │ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ │ └── main.py
│ │ └── setup.py
│ └── tests_packages/
│ └── README.md
├── tests/
│ ├── conftest.py
│ ├── helpers.py
│ ├── package_info.py
│ ├── test_animate.py
│ ├── test_common.py
│ ├── test_completions.py
│ ├── test_emojis.py
│ ├── test_environment.py
│ ├── test_inject.py
│ ├── test_install.py
│ ├── test_install_all.py
│ ├── test_install_all_packages.py
│ ├── test_interpreter.py
│ ├── test_list.py
│ ├── test_main.py
│ ├── test_package_specifier.py
│ ├── test_pin.py
│ ├── test_pipx_metadata_file.py
│ ├── test_reinstall.py
│ ├── test_reinstall_all.py
│ ├── test_run.py
│ ├── test_runpip.py
│ ├── test_shared_libs.py
│ ├── test_standalone_interpreter.py
│ ├── test_uninject.py
│ ├── test_uninstall.py
│ ├── test_uninstall_all.py
│ ├── test_unpin.py
│ ├── test_upgrade.py
│ ├── test_upgrade_all.py
│ └── test_upgrade_shared.py
└── tox.toml
================================================
FILE CONTENTS
================================================
================================================
FILE: .deepsource.toml
================================================
version = 1
test_patterns = ["tests/**"]
[[analyzers]]
name = "python"
enabled = true
[analyzers.meta]
runtime_version = "3.x.x"
[[transformers]]
name = "black"
enabled = true
================================================
FILE: .github/CONTRIBUTING.md
================================================
# Contributing to `pipx`
Thank you for your interest in contributing to pipx! There are many ways to contribute, and we appreciate all of them.
As a reminder, all contributors are expected to follow the [PSF Code of Conduct][coc].
## Development Documentation
Our [development documentation](https://pipx.pypa.io/latest/contributing/) contains details on how to get started with
contributing to `pipx`, and details of our development processes.
[coc]: https://github.com/pypa/.github/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
================================================
FILE: .github/FUNDING.yaml
================================================
tidelift: "pypi/pipx"
================================================
FILE: .github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.md
================================================
---
name: Bug report
about: Create a report to help us improve
title: ''
labels: bug
assignees: ''
---
**Issue**
Describe what's the expected behavior and what you're observing.
**Environment**
Provide at least:
- OS:
- Shell:
- Python version and path:
- `pipx --version` output:
**Output of the failing command**
Make sure to run the command with `--verbose`:
================================================
FILE: .github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
================================================
# Ref: https://help.github.com/en/github/building-a-strong-community/configuring-issue-templates-for-your-repository#configuring-the-template-chooser
blank_issues_enabled: true # default
contact_links:
- name: "💬 pypa/pipx @ Discord"
url: https://discord.gg/pypa
about: Chat with the devs
- name: 🤷💻🤦 Discourse
url: https://discuss.python.org/c/packaging
about: |
Please ask typical Q&A here: general ideas for Python packaging, questions about structuring projects and so on
- name: 📝 PSF Code of Conduct
url: https://github.com/pypa/.github/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
about: ❤ Be nice to other members of the community. ☮ Behave.
================================================
FILE: .github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
================================================
---
name: Feature request
about: Suggest an enhancement for this project
title: ''
labels: enhancement
assignees: ''
---
**What's the problem this feature will solve?**
**Describe the solution you'd like**
**Alternative Solutions**
**Additional context**
================================================
FILE: .github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
================================================
### Thanks for contributing, make sure you address all the checklists (for details on how see [development documentation](https://pipx.pypa.io/latest/contributing/))
- [ ] ran the linter to address style issues (`pre-commit run --all-files`)
- [ ] wrote descriptive pull request text
- [ ] ensured there are test(s) validating the fix
- [ ] added news fragment in `changelog.d/` folder
- [ ] updated/extended the documentation
================================================
FILE: .github/SECURITY.md
================================================
# Security Policy
## Supported Versions
| Version | Supported |
| ------- | ------------------ |
| 1.7.0+ | :white_check_mark: |
| < 1.7.0 | :x: |
## Reporting a Vulnerability
To report a security vulnerability, please use the [Tidelift security contact](https://tidelift.com/security). Tidelift
will coordinate the fix and disclosure.
================================================
FILE: .github/config.yml
================================================
rtd:
project: pipx
================================================
FILE: .github/dependabot.yaml
================================================
version: 2
updates:
- package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
directory: "/"
schedule:
interval: "daily"
================================================
FILE: .github/release.yml
================================================
changelog:
exclude:
authors:
- dependabot[bot]
- pre-commit-ci[bot]
- github-actions[bot]
================================================
FILE: .github/workflows/create_tests_package_lists.yml
================================================
name: Create tests package lists for offline tests
on:
workflow_dispatch:
concurrency:
group: create-tests-package-lists-${{ github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
jobs:
create_package_lists:
name: Create package lists
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
strategy:
matrix:
os: [ubuntu-latest]
python-version: ["3.13", "3.12", "3.11", "3.10", "3.9"]
include:
- os: macos-latest
python-version: "3.13"
- os: windows-latest
python-version: "3.13"
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v6
- name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
uses: actions/setup-python@v6
with:
python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
cache: "pip"
- name: Install nox
run: python -m pip install nox
- name: Create lists
run: nox --non-interactive --session create_test_package_list-${{ matrix.python-version }} -- ./new_tests_packages
- name: Store reports as artifacts
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
with:
name: lists-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}
path: ./new_tests_packages
================================================
FILE: .github/workflows/exhaustive_package_test.yml
================================================
name: Exhaustive Package Test (slow)
on:
workflow_dispatch:
concurrency:
group: exhaustive-package-test-${{ github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
jobs:
test_all_packages:
name: Exhaustive Package Test
continue-on-error: true
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
strategy:
matrix:
os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
python-version: ["3.12", "3.11", "3.10", "3.9"]
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v6
- name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
uses: actions/setup-python@v6
with:
python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
cache: "pip"
- name: Install nox
run: python -m pip install nox
- name: Execute Tests
continue-on-error: true
run: nox --non-interactive --session test_all_packages-${{ matrix.python-version }}
- name: Store reports as artifacts
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
with:
name: reports-raw-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}
path: reports
report_all_packages:
name: Collate test reports
needs: test_all_packages
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: Get report artifacts
uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
with:
pattern: reports-raw-*
merge-multiple: true
- name: Collate reports
run: |
ls # DEBUG
mkdir reports
cat all_packages_report_legend.txt > all_nodeps_reports_lf.txt
cat all_packages_nodeps_report_* >> all_nodeps_reports_lf.txt
tr -d '\r' < all_nodeps_reports_lf.txt > reports/all_nodeps_reports.txt
cat all_packages_nodeps_errors_* > all_nodeps_errors_lf.txt
tr -d '\r' < all_nodeps_errors_lf.txt > reports/all_nodeps_errors.txt
cat all_packages_report_legend.txt > all_deps_reports_lf.txt
cat all_packages_deps_report_* >> all_deps_reports_lf.txt
tr -d '\r' < all_deps_reports_lf.txt > reports/all_deps_reports.txt
cat all_packages_deps_errors_* > all_deps_errors_lf.txt
tr -d '\r' < all_deps_errors_lf.txt > reports/all_deps_errors.txt
- name: Store collated and raw reports as artifacts
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
with:
name: reports-final
path: reports
================================================
FILE: .github/workflows/pre-release.yml
================================================
name: Pre-release
on:
workflow_dispatch:
inputs:
bump:
description: "Version bump type"
required: true
type: choice
options:
- auto
- major
- minor
- patch
default: auto
env:
default-python: "3.13"
jobs:
pre-release:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
environment: release
permissions:
contents: write
steps:
- name: Checkout code
uses: actions/checkout@v6
with:
fetch-depth: 0
token: ${{ secrets.GH_RELEASE_TOKEN }}
- name: Set up Python ${{ env.default-python }}
uses: actions/setup-python@v6
with:
python-version: ${{ env.default-python }}
- name: Install dependencies
run: |
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
pip install GitPython packaging towncrier pre-commit
- name: Configure git identity
run: |
git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
git config user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
- name: Generate changelog, commit, tag, and push
run: python scripts/release.py --version "${{ inputs.bump }}"
================================================
FILE: .github/workflows/release.yml
================================================
name: Release
on:
push:
tags:
- "*.*.*"
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
env:
default-python: "3.14"
jobs:
pypi-publish:
name: Publish pipx to PyPI
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
environment:
name: release
url: https://pypi.org/p/pipx
permissions:
id-token: write
steps:
- name: Checkout ${{ github.ref_name }}
uses: actions/checkout@v6
with:
ref: "${{ github.ref_name }}"
- name: Set up Python ${{ env.default-python }}
uses: actions/setup-python@v6
with:
python-version: ${{ env.default-python }}
cache: "pip"
- name: Build sdist and wheel
run: |
pip install build
python -m build
- name: Publish to PyPI
uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.13.0
create-release:
name: Create a release on GitHub's UI
needs: pypi-publish
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
permissions:
contents: write
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v6
- name: Create release
uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
with:
generate_release_notes: true
tag_name: "${{ github.ref_name }}"
upload-zipapp:
name: Upload zipapp to GitHub Release
needs: create-release
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
permissions:
contents: write
steps:
- name: Checkout ${{ github.ref_name }}
uses: actions/checkout@v6
with:
ref: "${{ github.ref_name }}"
- name: Set up Python ${{ env.default-python }}
uses: actions/setup-python@v6
with:
python-version: ${{ env.default-python }}
cache: "pip"
- name: Install tox
run: pip install tox
- name: Build zipapp
run: tox run -e zipapp
- name: Upload to release
uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
with:
files: pipx.pyz
tag_name: "${{ github.ref_name }}"
================================================
FILE: .github/workflows/tests.yml
================================================
name: 🧪 tests
on:
workflow_dispatch:
push:
branches:
- "main"
pull_request:
schedule:
- cron: "0 8 * * *"
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
jobs:
test:
name: 🧪 test ${{ matrix.py }} - ${{ matrix.os }}
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
timeout-minutes: 40
strategy:
fail-fast: false
matrix:
os: [ubuntu-24.04]
py: ["3.13", "3.12", "3.11", "3.10", "3.9"]
include:
- os: windows-2025
py: "3.13"
- os: macos-15
py: "3.13"
steps:
- name: 📥 Checkout code
uses: actions/checkout@v6
with:
fetch-depth: 0
- name: 🚀 Install uv
uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
- name: 🐍 Setup Python ${{ matrix.py }}
uses: actions/setup-python@v6
with:
python-version: ${{ matrix.py }}
- name: 📦 Install tox
run: uv tool install --python-preference only-managed --python 3.13 "tox>=4.45" --with tox-uv
- name: Persistent .pipx_tests/package_cache
uses: actions/cache@v5
with:
path: ${{ github.workspace }}/.pipx_tests/package_cache/${{ matrix.py }}
key: pipx-tests-package-cache-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.py }}
- name: 🏗️ Setup test suite
run: tox run -vv --notest --skip-missing-interpreters false -e ${{ matrix.py }}
- name: 📦 Seed package cache
run: tox exec -e ${{ matrix.py }} -- python scripts/update_package_cache.py testdata/tests_packages .pipx_tests/package_cache/
- name: 🏃 Run test suite
run: tox run --skip-pkg-install -e ${{ matrix.py }}
timeout-minutes: 30
env:
PYTEST_ADDOPTS: "-vv --durations=20"
man:
name: 📖 Build man page
runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
steps:
- name: 📥 Checkout code
uses: actions/checkout@v6
- name: 🚀 Install uv
uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
- name: 📦 Install tox
run: uv tool install --python-preference only-managed --python 3.13 "tox>=4.45" --with tox-uv
- name: 📖 Build man page
run: tox run -e man
- name: Show man page
run: man -l pipx.1
zipapp:
name: 📦 Build zipapp
runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
steps:
- name: 📥 Checkout code
uses: actions/checkout@v6
- name: 🐍 Setup Python 3.9
uses: actions/setup-python@v6
with:
python-version: "3.9"
- name: 📦 Build zipapp
run: |
pip install shiv
shiv -c pipx -o ./pipx.pyz .
./pipx.pyz --version
- name: Test zipapp by installing black
run: python ./pipx.pyz install black
- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
with:
name: pipx.pyz
path: pipx.pyz
retention-days: 3
================================================
FILE: .gitignore
================================================
/.*_cache
/build
/dist
/src/pipx/version.py
/noxfile.py
/.nox
*.py[co]
__pycache__
/site
/.coverage*
/.pipx_tests
/testdata/tests_packages/*.txt
/pipx.pyz
*.egg-info
build
*.whl
/pipx.1
/docs/_draft_changelog.md
================================================
FILE: .pre-commit-config.yaml
================================================
repos:
- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
rev: v6.0.0
hooks:
- id: end-of-file-fixer
- id: check-added-large-files
- id: trailing-whitespace
- id: check-merge-conflict
- id: check-case-conflict
- repo: https://github.com/google/yamlfmt
rev: v0.21.0
hooks:
- id: yamlfmt
- repo: https://github.com/hukkin/mdformat
rev: 0.7.22
hooks:
- id: mdformat
args: ["--wrap", "120"]
additional_dependencies:
- mdformat-mkdocs
- mdformat-gfm
- mdformat-gfm-alerts
- mdformat-footnote
- mdformat-config
- mdformat-front-matters
exclude: ^(docs/changelog\.md|testdata)
- repo: https://github.com/tox-dev/pyproject-fmt
rev: v2.20.0
hooks:
- id: pyproject-fmt
- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
rev: v0.15.6
hooks:
- id: ruff-check
args: ["--fix", "--unsafe-fixes", "--show-fixes", "--exit-non-zero-on-fix"]
- id: ruff-format
- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
rev: v1.19.1
hooks:
- id: mypy
args: ['--warn-unused-ignores', '--strict-equality', '--no-implicit-optional', '--check-untyped-defs']
exclude: 'testdata/test_package_specifier/local_extras/setup.py'
additional_dependencies:
- "mkdocs-gen-files"
- "nox"
- "packaging>=20"
- "platformdirs>=2.1"
- "tomli; python_version < '3.11'"
# Configuration for codespell is in pyproject.toml
- repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
rev: v2.4.2
hooks:
- id: codespell
additional_dependencies:
- tomli
exclude: ^testdata
================================================
FILE: .pre-commit-hooks.yaml
================================================
- id: pipx
name: pipx
entry: pipx run
require_serial: true
language: python
minimum_pre_commit_version: '2.9.2'
================================================
FILE: .readthedocs.yml
================================================
version: 2
build:
os: ubuntu-22.04
tools:
python: "3.13"
commands:
- pip install "tox>=4.45" tox-uv
- tox run -e docs
================================================
FILE: LICENSE
================================================
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2018 Chad Smith and contributors
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
================================================
FILE: changelog.d/.gitignore
================================================
!.gitignore
================================================
FILE: changelog.d/1443.bugfix.md
================================================
Fix `--global` flag being silently ignored when placed before the subcommand
================================================
FILE: changelog.d/1508.bugfix.md
================================================
Respect `--quiet` flag in `install` and suppress animations and success messages
================================================
FILE: changelog.d/1602.bugfix.md
================================================
Catch missing Python interpreter in `upgrade` and show helpful error instead of crashing
================================================
FILE: changelog.d/1718.bugfix.md
================================================
Prevent data loss by rejecting relative paths in `uninstall`, `reinstall`, and other package-name arguments
================================================
FILE: docs/README.md
================================================
# pipx — Install and Run Python Applications in Isolated Environments
**Documentation**:
**Source Code**:
_For comparison to other tools including pipsi, see
[Comparison to Other Tools](https://pipx.pypa.io/stable/explanation/comparisons/)._
## Overview: What is `pipx`?
pipx is a tool to help you install and run end-user applications written in Python. It's roughly similar to macOS's
`brew`, JavaScript's [npx](https://medium.com/@maybekatz/introducing-npx-an-npm-package-runner-55f7d4bd282b), and
Linux's `apt`.
It's closely related to pip. In fact, it uses pip, but is focused on installing and managing Python packages that can be
run from the command line directly as applications.
### Features
`pipx` enables you to
- expose CLI entrypoints of packages ("apps") installed to isolated environments with the `install` command,
guaranteeing no dependency conflicts and clean uninstalls;
- easily list, upgrade, and uninstall packages that were installed with pipx; and
- run the latest version of a Python application in a temporary environment with the `run` command.
Best of all, pipx runs with regular user permissions, never calling `sudo pip install`.
## Install pipx
### On macOS
```
brew install pipx
pipx ensurepath
```
### On Linux
```
python3 -m pip install --user pipx
python3 -m pipx ensurepath
```
### On Windows
```
scoop install pipx
pipx ensurepath
```
For more detailed installation instructions, see the
[full documentation](https://pipx.pypa.io/stable/how-to/install-pipx/).
## Quick Start
Install an application globally:
```
pipx install pycowsay
pycowsay mooo
```
Run an application without installing:
```
pipx run pycowsay moo
```
See the [full documentation](https://pipx.pypa.io/stable/) for more details.
## Contributing
Issues and Pull Requests are definitely welcome! Check out [Contributing](https://pipx.pypa.io/stable/contributing/) to
get started. Everyone who interacts with the pipx project via codebase, issue tracker, chat rooms, or otherwise is
expected to follow the [PSF Code of Conduct](https://github.com/pypa/.github/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).
================================================
FILE: docs/changelog.md
================================================
# Changelog
All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/), and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
This project uses [*towncrier*](https://towncrier.readthedocs.io/) for keeping the changelog. DO NOT commit any changes to this file.
{% include '_draft_changelog.md' ignore missing %}
## [1.10.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.10.0) - 2026-03-18
### Features
- Add `--with` flag to `pipx run` to allow injecting dependencies ([#1607](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1607))
- add more specific directions in the logs towards a resolution if you have a space in the PIX_HOME path ([#1634](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1634))
### Bugfixes
- Fixed upgrade command failing when package name includes extras (e.g., `pipx upgrade "coverage[toml]"`). ([#925](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/925))
- Fix run command with bash substitution (e.g. `pipx run <(pbpaste)`) ([#1293](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1293))
- Allow `pipx runpip` to split single string arguments. ([#1520](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1520))
- Fix handling of shared libraries when the original Python interpreter is removed on Windows by detecting stale venv references and recreating the shared libraries with the current Python. ([#1723](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1723))
### Misc
- [#1638](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1638), [#1731](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1731)
## [1.9.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.9.0) - 2026-03-17
### Features
- Add completion choices for `pipx environment --value`. ([#1498](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1498))
### Bugfixes
- Ignore recursive symlink loops in PIPX_BIN_DIR. ([#1592](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1592))
- `pipx reinstall`: An exception will now be raised if package is pinned. ([#1611](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1611))
- Stop `pipx run` from leaving bad temporary venvs when first installation was unsuccessful. ([#1709](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1709))
## [1.8.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.8.0) - 2025-09-30
### Features
- Rename environmental variable `USE_EMOJI` to `PIPX_USE_EMOJI`. ([#1395](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1395))
- Add `--all-shells` flag to `pipx ensurepath`. ([#1585](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1585))
- Add support for Python 3.13 ([#1647](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1647))
### Bugfixes
- On Windows, no longer overwrite existing files on upgrade if source and destination are the same ([#683](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/683))
- Update the logic of finding python interpreter such that `--fetch-missing-python` works on Windows ([#1521](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1521))
- Fix no message displayed when no packages are upgraded with `upgrade-all`. ([#1565](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1565))
- Fix incorrect order of flags when using `pipx upgrade`. ([#1610](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1610))
- Update the archive name of build of Python for Windows ([#1630](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1630))
- Set up standalone python fetching to use checksums directly from the GitHub API. ([#1652](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1652))
- Fix running a script with explicitly empty ``dependencies = []``. ([#1658](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1658))
### Improved Documentation
- Fix `/changelog/` and `/contributing/` docs URLs ([#1540](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1540))
## [1.7.1](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.7.1) - 2024-08-23
### Bugfixes
- Use minimum supported Python to build zipapp in release action such that `tomli` is included in it. ([#1514](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1514))
## [1.7.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.7.0) - 2024-08-22
### Features
- Add a `--prepend` option to the `pipx ensurepath` command to allow prepending `pipx`'s location to `PATH` rather than appending to it. This is useful when you want to prioritize `pipx`'s executables over other executables in your `PATH`. ([#1451](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1451))
- List `PIPX_GLOBAL_[HOME|BIN_DIR|MAN_DIR]` in `pipx environment`. ([#1492](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1492))
### Bugfixes
- Introduce `PIPX_HOME_ALLOW_SPACE` environment variable, to silence the spaces in pipx home path warning ([#1320](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1320))
- Fix passing constraints file path into `pipx install` operation via `pip` args ([#1389](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1389))
- Add help messages for `pipx pin` and `pipx unpin` commands. ([#1438](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1438))
- Stop `pipx install --global` from installing files in `~/.local`. ([#1475](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1475))
- Fix installation abortion on multiple packages when one or more are already installed. ([#1509](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1509))
### Improved Documentation
- Move all documentation files to the `docs` directory. ([#1479](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1479))
## [1.6.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.6.0) - 2024-06-01
### Features
- Add `install-all` command to install packages according to spec metadata file. ([#687](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/687))
- Introduce `pipx pin` and `pipx unpin` commands, which can be used to pin or unpin the version
of an installed package, so it will not be upgraded by `pipx upgrade` or `pipx upgrade-all`. ([#891](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/891))
- Add a new option `--pinned` to `pipx list` command for listing pinned packages only. ([#891](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/891))
- Add `pipx interpreter upgrade` command to upgrade local standalone python in micro/patch level ([#1249](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1249))
- Add `--requirement` option to `inject` command to read list of packages from a text file. ([#1252](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1252))
- Add `pipx upgrade-shared` command, to create/upgrade shared libraries as a standalone command. ([#1316](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1316))
- Allow `upgrade` command to accept multiple packages as arguments. ([#1336](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1336))
- Support Python version for `--python` arg when py launcher is not available ([#1342](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1342))
- Make `install-all` gather errors in batch ([#1348](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1348))
### Bugfixes
- Resolve the `DEFAULT_PYTHON` to the actual absolute path ([#965](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/965))
- Fix error log overwrite for "-all" batch operations. ([#1132](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1132))
- Do not reinstall already injected packages without `--force` being passed. ([#1300](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1300))
- Only show `--python` and `--force` flag warning if both flags are present ([#1304](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1304))
- Don't allow paths to be passed into `pipx reinstall`, as this might wreak havoc. ([#1324](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1324))
- Make the Python `venv` module arguments work with `upgrade --install` ([#1344](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1344))
- Fix version check for standalone python ([#1349](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1349))
- Validate package(s) argument should not be path(s). ([#1354](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1354))
- Validate whether a package is an URL correctly. ([#1355](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1355))
- Support python3.8 for standalone python builds ([#1375](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1375))
- Install specified version of `--preinstall` dependency instead of latest version ([#1377](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1377))
- Move `--global` option into shared parser, such that it can be passed after the subcommand, for example `pipx ensurepath --global`. ([#1397](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1397))
- Fix discovery of a `pipx run` entry point if a local path was given as package. ([#1422](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1422))
### Improved Documentation
- Create a dedicated section for manual pages and add an example with `pdm-backend`. ([#1312](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1312))
- Add example, test and cli help description how to install multiple packages with the --preinstall flag ([#1321](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1321))
- Refine docs generation script and template. ([#1325](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1325))
- Add a note about sourcing the shell config file for `ensure_path` ([#1346](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1346))
## [1.5.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.5.0) - 2024-03-29
### Features
- Add `--global` option to `pipx` commands.
- This will run the action in a global scope and affect environment for all system users. ([#754](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/754))
- Add a `--fetch-missing-python` flag to all commands that accept a `--python` flag.
- When combined, this will automatically download a standalone copy of the requested python version if it's not already available on the user's system. ([#1242](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1242))
- Add commands to list and prune standalone interpreters ([#1248](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1248))
- Revert platform-specific directories on MacOS and Windows
- They were leading to a lot of issues with Windows sandboxing and spaces in shebangs on MacOS. ([#1257](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1257))
- Add `--install` option to `pipx upgrade` command.
- This will install the package given as argument if it is not already installed. ([#1262](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1262))
### Bugfixes
- Correctly resolve home directory in pipx directory environment variables. ([#94](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/94))
- Pass through `pip` arguments when upgrading shared libraries. ([#964](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/964))
- Fix installation issues when files in the working directory interfere with venv creation process. ([#1091](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1091))
- Report correct filename in tracebacks with `pipx run ` ([#1191](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1191))
- Let self-managed pipx uninstall itself on windows again. ([#1203](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1203))
- Fix path resolution for python executables looked up in PATH on windows. ([#1205](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1205))
- Display help message when `pipx install` is run without arguments. ([#1266](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1266))
- Fix crashes due to superfluous `-q ` flags by discarding exceeding values ([#1283](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1283))
### Improved Documentation
- Update the completion instructions for zipapp users. ([#1072](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1072))
- Update the example for running scripts with dependencies. ([#1227](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1227))
- Update the docs for package developers on the use of configuration using pyproject.toml ([#1229](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1229))
- Add installation instructions for Fedora ([#1239](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1239))
- Update the examples for installation from local dir ([#1277](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1277))
- Fix inconsistent wording in `pipx install` command description. ([#1307](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1307))
### Deprecations and Removals
- Deprecate `--skip-maintenance` flag of `pipx list`; maintenance is now never executed there ([#1256](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1256))
### Misc
- [#1296](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1296)
## [1.4.3](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.4.3) - 2024-01-16
### Bugfixes
- Autofix python version for pylauncher, when version is provided prefixed with `python` ([#1150](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1150))
- Support building pipx wheels with setuptools-scm<7, such as on FreeBSD. ([#1208](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1208))
### Improved Documentation
- Provide useful error messages when unresolvable python version is passed ([#1150](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1150))
- Introduce towncrier for managing the changelog ([#1161](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1161))
- Add workaround for using pipx applications in shebang under macOS ([#1198](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1198))
## [1.4.2](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.4.2)
### Features
- Allow skipping maintenance tasks during list command
- Raise more user friendly error when provided `--python` version is not found
- Update `pipx run` on scripts using `/// script` and no `run` table following the updated version of PEP 723 (#1180)
### Bugfixes
- Include `tomli` into `pipx.pyz` (zipapp) so that it can be executed with Python 3.10 or earlier (#1142)
- Fix resolving the python executable path on linux
- `pipx run`: Verify whether the script name provided is a file before running it
- Avoid repeated exception logging in a few rare cases (#1192)
## [1.4.1](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.4.1)
### Bugfixes
- Set default logging level to WARNING, so debug log messages won't be shown without passing additional flags such as `--verbose`
## [1.4.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.4.0)
### Features
- Add `--quiet` and `--verbose` options for the `pipx` subcommands
- Add ability to install multiple packages at once
- Delete directories directly instead of spawning rmdir on Windows
### Improved Documentation
- Add Scoop installation instructions
### Bugfixes
- "Failed to delete" error when using Microsoft Store Python
- "No pyvenv.cfg file" error when using Microsoft Store Python (#1164)
## [1.3.3](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.3.3)
### Improved Documentation
- Make the logo more visible in dark mode
## [1.3.2](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.3.2)
### Features
- The project version number is now dynamic and generated from the VCS at build time
### Improved Documentation
- Add additional example for --pip-args option, to docs/examples.md
## [1.3.1](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.3.1)
### Bugfixes
- Fix combining of --editable and --force flag
## [1.3.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.3.0)
### Features
- Allow running `pip` with `pipx run`
- Add `--with-suffix` for `pipx inject` command
- `pipx install`: emit a warning when `--force` and `--python` were passed at the same time
- Add explicit 3.12 support
- Make usage message in `pipx run` show `package_or_url`, so extra will be printed out as well
- Use the py launcher, if available, to select Python version with the `--python` option
- add pre-commit hook support
- Add `pipx install --preinstall` to support preinstalling build requirements
- Return an error message when directory can't be added to PATH successfully
- Expose manual pages included in an application installed with `pipx install`
- Check whether pip module exists in shared lib before performing any actions, such as `reinstall-all`.
- Drop `setuptools` and `wheel` from the shared libraries. This results in less time consumption when the libraries are
automatically upgraded.
- Support [inline script metadata](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/inline-script-metadata/)
in `pipx run`.
- Imply `--include-apps` when running `pipx inject --include-deps`
- Add `--force-reinstall` to pip arguments when `--force` was passed
- Support including requirements in scripts run using `pipx run` (#916)
- Pass `pip_args` to `shared_libs.upgrade()`
- Fallback to user's log path if the default log path (`$PIPX_HOME/logs`) is not writable to aid with pipx being used
for multi-user (e.g. system-wide) installs of applications
- Don't show escaped backslashes for paths in console output
- Move `pipx` paths to ensure compatibility with the platform-specific user directories
- Pass `--no-input` to pip when output is not piped to parent stdout
- Print all environment variables in `pipx environment`
### Improved Documentation
- Add more examples for `pipx run`
- Add subsection to make README easier to read
### Deprecations and Removals
- Drop support for Python 3.7
### Bugfixes
- Fix wrong interpreter usage when injecting local pip-installable dependencies into venvs
- Fix program name in generated manual page
## [1.2.1](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.2.1)
### Bugfixes
- Fix compatibility to packaging 23.2+ by removing reliance on packaging's requirement validation logic and detecting a
URL-based requirement in pipx. (#1070)
## [1.2.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.2.0)
### Features
- Add `pipx uninject` command (#820)
- Ship a [zipapp](https://docs.python.org/3/library/zipapp.html) of pipx
- Match pip's behaviour when package name ends with archive extension (treat it as a path)
- Change the program name to `path/to/python -m pipx` when running as `python -m pipx`
- Improve the detection logic for MSYS2 to avoid entering infinite loop (#908) (#938)
- Remove extra trailing quote from exception message
- Fix EncodingWarning in `pipx_metadata_file`.
### Improved Documentation
- Add an example for installation from source with extras
- Fix `pipx run` examples and update Python versions used by `pipx install` examples
### Bugfixes
- Add test for pip module in `pipx reinstall` to fix an issue with `pipx reinstall-all` (#935)
## [1.1.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.1.0)
### Features
- Add `pipx environment` command (#793)
- Add `list --short` option to list only package names (#804)
- Improve the behaviour of `shlex.split` on Windows, so paths on Windows can be handled properly when they are passed in
`--pip-args`. (#794)
- [dev] Change github action job names
- Add additional examples for installation from git repos
- [packaging] Switch to [PEP 621](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0621/)
- Add a CACHEDIR.TAG to the cache directory to prevent it from being included in archives and backups. For more
information about cache directory tags, see https://bford.info/cachedir
### Bugfixes
- Fix encoding issue on Windows when pip fails to install a package
### Improved Documentation
- Add more examples
- Fix the command for
[installing development version](https://pipx.pypa.io/stable/installation/#install-pipx-development-versions). (#801)
- Fix test status badge in readme file
## [1.0.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/1.0.0)
### Features
- Support [argcomplete 2.0.0](https://pypi.org/project/argcomplete/2.0.0) (#790)
- Include machinery to build a manpage for pipx with [argparse-manpage](https://pypi.org/project/argparse-manpage/).
- Add better handling for 'app not found' when a single app is present in the project, and an improved error message
(#733)
### Bugfixes
- Fixed animations sending output to stdout, which can break JSON output. (#769)
- Fix typo in `pipx upgrade-all` output
## [0.17.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.17.0)
- Support `pipx run` with version constraints and extras. (#697)
## [0.16.5](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.16.5)
- Fixed `pipx list` output phrasing to convey that python version displayed is the one with which package was installed.
- Fixed `pipx install` to provide return code 0 if venv already exists, similar to pip’s behavior. (#736)
- [docs] Update ansible's install command in
[Programs to Try document](https://pipx.pypa.io/stable/programs-to-try/#ansible) to work with Ansible 2.10+ (#742)
## [0.16.4](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.16.4)
- Fix to `pipx ensurepath` to fix behavior in user locales other than UTF-8, to fix #644. The internal change is to use
userpath v1.6.0 or greater. (#700)
- Fix virtual environment inspection for Python releases that uses an int for its release serial number. (#706)
- Fix PermissionError in windows when pipx manages itself. (#718)
## [0.16.3](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.16.3)
- Organization: pipx is extremely pleased to now be a project of the Python Packaging Authority (PyPA)! Note that our
github URL has changed to [pypa/pipx](https://github.com/pypa/pipx)
- Fixed `pipx list --json` to return valid json with no venvs installed. Previously would return an empty string to
stdout. (#681)
- Changed `pipx ensurepath` bash behavior so that only one of {`~/.profile`, `~/.bash\_profile`} is modified with the
extra pipx paths, not both. Previously, if a `.bash_profile` file was created where one didn't exist, it could cause
problems, e.g. #456. The internal change is to use userpath v1.5.0 or greater. (#684)
- Changed default nox tests, Github Workflow tests, and pytest behavior to use local pypi server with fixed lists of
available packages. This allows greater test isolation (no network pypi access needed) and determinism (fixed
available dependencies.) It also allows running the tests offline with some extra preparation beforehand (See
[Running Unit Tests Offline](https://pipx.pypa.io/stable/contributing/#running-unit-tests-offline)). The old style
tests that use the internet to access pypi.org are still available using `nox -s tests_internet` or
`pytest --net-pypiserver tests`. (#686)
* Colorama is now only installed on Windows. (#691)
## [0.16.2.1](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.16.2.1)
- Changed non-venv-info warnings and notices from `pipx list` to print to stderr. This especially prevents
`pipx list --json` from printing invalid json to stdout. (#680)
- Fixed bug that could cause uninstall on Windows with injected packages to uninstall too many apps from the local
binary directory. (#679)
## [0.16.2.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.16.2.0)
- Fixed bug #670 where uninstalling a venv could erroneously uninstall other apps from the local binary directory.
(#672)
- Added `--json` switch to `pipx list` to output rich json-metadata for all venvs.
- Ensured log files are utf-8 encoded to prevent Unicode encoding errors from occurring with emojis. (#646)
- Fixed issue which made pipx incorrectly list apps as part of a venv when they were not installed by pipx. (#650)
- Fixed old regression that would prevent pipx uninstall from cleaning up linked binaries if the venv was old and did
not have pipx metadata. (#651)
- Fixed bugs with suffixed-venvs on Windows. Now properly summarizes install, and actually uninstalls associated
binaries for suffixed-venvs. (#653)
- Changed venv minimum python version to 3.6, removing python 3.5 which is End of Life. (#666)
## [0.16.1.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.16.1.0)
- Introduce the `pipx.run` entry point group as an alternative way to declare an application for `pipx run`.
- Fix cursor show/hide to work with older versions of Windows. (#610)
- Support text colors on Windows. (#612)
- Better platform unicode detection to avoid errors and allow showing emojis when possible. (#614)
- Don't emit show cursor or hide cursor codes if STDERR is not a tty. (#620)
- Sped up `pipx list` (#624).
- pip errors no longer stream to the shell when pip fails during a pipx install. pip's output is now saved to a log
file. In the shell, pipx will tell you the location of the log file and attempt to summarize why pip failed. (#625)
- For `reinstall-all`, fixed bug where missing python executable would cause error. (#634)
- Fix regression which prevented pipx from working with pythonloc (and `__pypackages__` folder). (#636)
## [0.16.0.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.16.0.0)
- New venv inspection! The code that pipx uses to examine and determine metadata in an installed venv has been made
faster, better, and more reliable. It now uses modern python libraries like `packaging` and `importlib.metadata` to
examine installed venvs. It also now properly handles installed package extras. In addition, some problems pipx has
had with certain characters (like periods) in package names should be remedied.
- Added reinstall command for reinstalling a single venv.
- Changed `pipx run` on non-Windows systems to actually replace pipx process with the app process instead of running it
as a subprocess. (Now using python's `os.exec*`)
- [bugfix] Fixed bug with reinstall-all command when package have been installed using a specifier. Now the initial
specifier is used.
- [bugfix] Override display of `PIPX_DEFAULT_PYTHON` value when generating web documentation for `pipx install` #523
- [bugfix] Wrap help documentation for environment variables.
- [bugfix] Fixed uninstall crash that could happen on Windows for certain packages
- [feature] Venv package name arguments now do not have to match exactly as pipx has them stored, but can be specified
in any python-package-name-equivalent way. (i.e. case does not matter, and `.`, `-`, `_` characters are
interchangeable.)
- [change] Venvs with a suffix: A suffix can contain any characters, but for purposes of uniqueness, python package name
rules apply--upper- and lower-case letters are equivalent, and any number of `.`, `-`, or `_` characters in a row are
equivalent. (e.g. if you have a suffixed venv `pylint_1.0A` you could not add another suffixed venv called
`pylint--1-0a`, as it would not be a unique name.)
- [implementation detail] Pipx shared libraries (providing pip, setuptools, wheel to pipx) are no longer installed using
pip arguments taken from the last regular pipx install. If you need to apply pip arguments to pipx's use of pip for
its internal shared libraries, use PIP\_\* environment variables.
- [feature] Autocomplete for venv names is no longer restricted to an exact match to the literal venv name, but will
autocomplete any logically-similar python package name (i.e. case does not matter, and `.`, `-`, `_` characters are
all equivalent.)
- pipx now reinstall its internal shared libraries when the user executes `reinstall-all`.
- Made sure shell exit codes from every pipx command are correct. In the past some (like from `pipx upgrade`) were
wrong. The exit code from `pipx runpip` is now the exit code from the `pip` command run. The exit code from
`pipx list` will be 1 if one or more venvs have problems that need to be addressed.
- pipx now writes a log file for each pipx command executed to `$PIPX_HOME/logs`, typically `~/.local/pipx/logs`. pipx
keeps the most recent 10 logs and deletes others.
- `pipx upgrade` and `pipx upgrade-all` now have a `--upgrade-injected` option which directs pipx to also upgrade
injected packages.
- `pipx list` now detects, identifies, and suggests a remedy for venvs with old-internal data (internal venv names) that
need to be updated.
- Added a "Troubleshooting" page to the pipx web documentation for common problems pipx users may encounter.
- pipx error, warning, and other messages now word-wrap so words are not split across lines. Their appearance is also
now more consistent.
## [0.15.6.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.15.6.0)
- [docs] Update license
- [docs] Display a more idiomatic command for registering completions on fish.
- [bugfix] Fixed regression in list, inject, upgrade, reinstall-all commands when suffixed packages are used.
- [bugfix] Do not reset package url during upgrade when main package is `pipx`
- Updated help text to show description for `ensurepath` and `completions` help
- Added support for user-defined default python interpreter via new `PIPX_DEFAULT_PYTHON`. Helpful for use with pyenv
among other uses.
- [bugfix] Fixed bug where extras were ignored with a PEP 508 package specification with a URL.
## [0.15.5.1](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.15.5.1)
- [bugfix] Fixed regression of 0.15.5.0 which erroneously made installing from a local path with package extras not
possible.
## [0.15.5.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.15.5.0)
- pipx now parses package specification before install. It removes (with warning) the `--editable` install option for
any package specification that is not a local path. It also removes (with warning) any environment markers.
- Disabled animation when we cannot determine terminal size or if the number of columns is too small. (Fixes #444)
- [feature] Version of each injected package is now listed after name for `pipx list --include-injected`
- Change metadata recorded from version-specified install to allow upgrades in future. Adds pipx dependency on
`packaging` package.
- [bugfix] Prevent python error in case where package has no pipx metadata and advise user how to fix.
- [feature] `ensurepath` now also ensures that pip user binary path containing pipx itself is in user's PATH if pipx was
installed using `pip install --user`.
- [bugfix] For `pipx install`, fixed failure to install if user has `PIP_USER=1` or `user=true` in pip.conf. (#110)
- [bugfix] Requiring userpath v1.4.1 or later so ensure Windows bug is fixed for `ensurepath` (#437)
- [feature] log pipx version (#423)
- [feature] `--suffix` option for `install` to allow multiple versions of same tool to be installed (#445)
- [feature] pipx can now be used with the Windows embeddable Python distribution
## [0.15.4.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.15.4.0)
- [feature] `list` now has a new option `--include-injected` to show the injected packages in the main apps
- [bugfix] Fixed bug that can cause crash when installing an app
## [0.15.3.1](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.15.3.1)
- [bugfix] Workaround multiprocessing issues on certain platforms (#229)
## [0.15.3.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.15.3.0)
- [feature] Use symlinks on Windows when symlinks are available
## [0.15.2.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.15.2.0)
- [bugfix] Improved error reporting during venv metadata inspection.
- [bugfix] Fixed incompatibility with pypy as venv interpreter (#372).
- [bugfix] Replaced implicit dependency on setuptools with an explicit dependency on packaging (#339).
- [bugfix] Continue reinstalling packages after failure
- [bugfix] Hide cursor while pipx runs
- [feature] Add environment variable `USE_EMOJI` to allow enabling/disabling emojis (#376)
- [refactor] Moved all commands to separate files within the commands module (#255).
- [bugfix] Ignore system shared libraries when installing shared libraries pip, wheel, and setuptools. This also fixes
an incompatibility with Debian/Ubuntu's version of pip (#386).
## [0.15.1.3](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.15.1.3)
- [bugfix] On Windows, pipx now lists correct Windows apps (#217)
- [bugfix] Fixed a `pipx install` bug causing incorrect python binary to be used when using the optional --python
argument in certain situations, such as running pipx from a Framework python on macOS and specifying a non-Framework
python.
## [0.15.1.2](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.15.1.2)
- [bugfix] Fix recursive search of dependencies' apps so no apps are missed.
- `upgrade-all` now skips editable packages, because pip disallows upgrading editable packages.
## [0.15.1.1](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.15.1.1)
- [bugfix] fix regression that caused installing with --editable flag to fail package name determination.
## [0.15.1.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.15.1.0)
- Add Python 3.8 to PyPI classifier and travis test matrix
- [feature] auto-upgrade shared libraries, including pip, if older than one month. Hide all pip warnings that a new
version is available. (#264)
- [bugfix] pass pip arguments to pip when determining package name (#320)
## [0.15.0.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.15.0.0)
Upgrade instructions: When upgrading to 0.15.0.0 or above from a pre-0.15.0.0 version, you must re-install all packages
to take advantage of the new persistent pipx metadata files introduced in this release. These metadata files store pip
specification values, injected packages, any custom pip arguments, and more in each main package's venv. You can do this
by running `pipx reinstall-all` or `pipx uninstall-all`, then reinstalling manually.
- `install` now has no `--spec` option. You may specify any valid pip specification for `install`'s main argument.
- `inject` will now accept pip specifications for dependency arguments
- Metadata is now stored for each application installed, including install options like `--spec`, and injected packages.
This information allows upgrade, upgrade-all and reinstall-all to work properly even with non-pypi installed packages.
(#222)
- `upgrade` options `--spec` and `--include-deps` were removed. Pipx now uses the original options used to install each
application instead. (#222)
- `upgrade-all` options `--include-deps`, `--system-site-packages`, `--index-url`, `--editable`, and `--pip-args` were
removed. Pipx now uses the original options used to install each application instead. (#222)
- `reinstall-all` options `--include-deps`, `--system-site-packages`, `--index-url`, `--editable`, and `--pip-args` were
removed. Pipx now uses the original options used to install each application instead. (#222)
- Handle missing interpreters more gracefully (#146)
- Change `reinstall-all` to use system python by default for apps. Now use `--python` option to specify a different
python version.
- Remove the PYTHONPATH environment variable when executing any command to prevent conflicts between pipx dependencies
and package dependencies when pipx is installed via homebrew. Homebrew can use PYTHONPATH manipulation instead of
virtual environments. (#233)
- Add printed summary after successful call to `pipx inject`
- Support associating apps with Python 3.5
- Improvements to animation status text
- Make `--python` argument in `reinstall-all` command optional
- Use threads on OS's without support for semaphores
- Stricter parsing when passing `--` argument as delimiter
## [0.14.0.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.14.0.0)
- Speed up operations by using shared venv for `pip`, `setuptools`, and `wheel`. You can see more detail in the 'how
pipx works' section of the documentation. (#164, @pfmoore)
- Breaking change: for the `inject` command, change `--include-binaries` to `--include-apps`
- Change all terminology from `binary` to `app` or `application`
- Improve argument parsing for `pipx run` and `pipx runpip`
- If `--force` is passed, remove existing files in PIPX_BIN_DIR
- Move animation to start of line, hide cursor when animating
## [0.13.2.3](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.13.2.3)
- Fix regression when installing a package that doesn't have any entry points
## [0.13.2.2](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.13.2.2)
- Remove unnecessary and sometimes incorrect check after `pipx inject` (#195)
- Make status text/animation reliably disappear before continuing
- Update animation symbols
## [0.13.2.1](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.13.2.1)
- Remove virtual environment if installation did not complete. For example, if it was interrupted by ctrl+c or if an
exception occurred for any reason. (#193)
## [0.13.2.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.13.2.0)
- Add shell autocompletion. Also add `pipx completions` command to print instructions on how to add pipx completions to
your shell.
- Un-deprecate `ensurepath`. Use `userpath` internally instead of instructing users to run the `userpath` cli command.
- Improve detection of PIPX_BIN_DIR not being on PATH
- Improve error message when an existing symlink exists in PIPX_BIN_DIR and points to the wrong location
- Improve handling of unexpected files in PIPX_HOME (@uranusjr)
- swap out of order logic in order to correctly recommend --include-deps (@joshuarli)
- [dev] Migrate from tox to nox
## [0.13.1.1](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.13.1.1)
- Do not raise bare exception if no binaries found (#150)
- Update pipsi migration script
## [0.13.1.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.13.1.0)
- Deprecate `ensurepath` command. Use `userpath append ~/.local/bin`
- Support redirects and proxies when downloading python files (i.e. `pipx run http://url/file.py`)
- Use tox for document generation and CI testing (CI tests are now functional rather than static tests on style and
formatting!)
- Use mkdocs for documentation
- Change default cache duration for `pipx run` from 2 to 14 days
## [0.13.0.1](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.13.0.1)
- Fix upgrade-all and reinstall-all regression
## [0.13.0.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.13.0.0)
- Add `runpip` command to run arbitrary pip commands in pipx-managed virtual environments
- Do not raise error when running `pipx install PACKAGE` and the package has already been installed by pipx (#125). This
is the cause of the major version change from 0.12 to 0.13.
- Add `--skip` argument to `upgrade-all` and `reinstall-all` commands, to let the user skip particular packages
## [0.12.3.3](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.12.3.3)
- Update logic in determining a package's binaries during installation. This removes spurious binaries from the
installation. (#104)
- Improve compatibility with Debian distributions by using `shutil.which` instead of `distutils.spawn.find_executable`
(#102)
## [0.12.3.2](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.12.3.2)
- Fix infinite recursion error when installing package such as `cloudtoken==0.1.84` (#103)
- Fix windows type errors (#96, #98)
## [0.12.3.1](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.12.3.1)
- Fix "WindowsPath is not iterable" bug
## [0.12.3.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.12.3.0)
- Add `--include-deps` argument to include binaries of dependent packages when installing with pipx. This improves
compatibility with packages that depend on other installed packages, such as `jupyter`.
- Speed up `pipx list` output (by running multiple processes in parallel) and by collecting all metadata in a single
subprocess call
- More aggressive cache directory removal when `--no-cache` is passed to `pipx run`
- [dev] Move inline text passed to subprocess calls to their own files to enable autoformatting, linting, unit testing
## [0.12.2.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.12.2.0)
- Add support for PEP 582's `__pypackages__` (experimental). `pipx run BINARY` will first search in `__pypackages__` for
binary, then fallback to installing from PyPI. `pipx run --pypackages BINARY` will raise an error if the binary is not
found in `__pypackages__`.
- Fix regression when installing with `--editable` flag (#93)
- [dev] improve unit tests
## [0.12.1.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.12.1.0)
- Cache and reuse temporary Virtual Environments created with `pipx run` (#61)
- Update binary discovery logic to find "scripts" like awscli (#91)
- Forward `--pip-args` to the pip upgrade command (previously the args were forwarded to install/upgrade commands for
packages) (#77)
- When using environment variable PIPX_HOME, Virtual Environments will now be created at `$PIPX_HOME/venvs` rather than
at `$PIPX_HOME`.
- [dev] refactor into multiple files, add more unit tests
## [0.12.0.4](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.12.0.4)
- Fix parsing bug in pipx run
## [0.12.0.3](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.12.0.3)
- list python2 as supported language so that pip installs with python2 will no longer install the pipx on PyPI from the
original pipx owner. Running pipx with python2 will fail, but at least it will not be as confusing as running the pipx
package from the original owner.
## [0.12.0.2](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.12.0.2)
- forward arguments to run command correctly #90
## [0.12.0.1](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.12.0.1)
- stop using unverified context #89
## [0.12.0.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.12.0.0)
- Change installation instructions to use `pipx` PyPI name
- Add `ensurepath` command
## [0.11.0.2](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.11.0.2)
- add version argument parsing back in (fixes regression)
## [0.11.0.1](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.11.0.1)
- add version check, command check, fix printed version update installation instructions
## [0.11.0.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.11.0.0)
- Replace `pipx BINARY` with `pipx run BINARY` to run a binary in an ephemeral environment. This is a breaking API
change so the major version has been incremented. (Issue #69)
- upgrade pip when upgrading packages (Issue #72)
- support --system-site-packages flag (Issue #64)
## [0.10.4.1](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.10.4.1)
- Fix version printed when `pipx --version` is run
## [0.10.4.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.10.4.0)
- Add --index-url, --editable, and --pip-args flags
- Updated README with pipsi migration instructions
## [0.10.3.0](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/0.10.3.0)
- Display python version in list
- Do not reinstall package if already installed (added `--force` flag to override)
- When upgrading all packages, print message only when package is updated
- Avoid accidental execution of pipx.**main**
================================================
FILE: docs/contributing.md
================================================
---
hide:
- navigation
---
Thanks for your interest in contributing to pipx!
Everyone who interacts with the pipx project via codebase, issue tracker, chat rooms, or otherwise is expected to follow
the [PSF Code of Conduct](https://github.com/pypa/.github/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).
## Submitting changes
1. Fork [the GitHub repository](https://github.com/pypa/pipx).
1. Make a branch off of `main` and commit your changes to it.
1. Add a changelog entry.
1. Submit a pull request to the `main` branch on GitHub, referencing an open issue.
### Changelog entries
The `CHANGELOG.md` file is built by [towncrier](https://pypi.org/project/towncrier/) from news fragments in the
`changelog.d/` directory. To add an entry, create a news fragment in that directory named `{number}.{type}.md`, where
`{number}` is the issue number, and `{type}` is one of `feature`, `bugfix`, `doc`, `removal`, or `misc`.
For example, if your issue number is 1234 and it's fixing a bug, then you would create `changelog.d/1234.bugfix.md`. PRs
can span multiple categories by creating multiple files: if you added a feature and deprecated/removed an old feature
for issue #5678, you would create `changelog.d/5678.feature.md` and `changelog.d/5678.removal.md`.
A changelog entry is meant for end users and should only contain details relevant to them. In order to maintain a
consistent style, please keep the entry to the point, in sentence case, shorter than 80 characters, and in an imperative
tone. An entry should complete the sentence "This change will ...". If one line is not enough, use a summary line in an
imperative tone, followed by a description of the change in one or more paragraphs, each wrapped at 80 characters and
separated by blank lines.
You don't need to reference the pull request or issue number in a changelog entry, since towncrier will add a link using
the number in the file name. Similarly, you don't need to add your name to the entry, since that will be associated with
the pull request.
## Codebase Architecture
All source code lives under `src/pipx/`. The CLI entry point is `main.py`, which dispatches to command modules in
`commands/`.
```mermaid
flowchart TD
MAIN["main.py
CLI parser + dispatch"] --> CMDS["commands/"]
CMDS --> INSTALL["install.py"]
CMDS --> RUN["run.py"]
CMDS --> UPGRADE["upgrade.py"]
CMDS --> INJECT["inject.py"]
CMDS --> LIST["list_packages.py"]
CMDS --> PIN["pin.py"]
CMDS --> INTERP_CMD["interpreter.py"]
CMDS --> OTHER["uninstall, uninject,
reinstall, ensure_path,
environment, run_pip"]
MAIN --> VENV["venv.py
Venv + VenvContainer"]
MAIN --> PATHS["paths.py
PIPX_HOME resolution"]
VENV --> SHARED["shared_libs.py
shared pip venv"]
VENV --> INSPECT["venv_inspect.py
metadata reader"]
VENV --> META["pipx_metadata_file.py
JSON persistence"]
RUN --> SPEC["package_specifier.py
PEP 508 parsing"]
RUN --> INTERP["interpreter.py
Python resolution"]
INTERP --> STANDALONE["standalone_python.py
download builds"]
style MAIN fill:#3f72af,color:#fff
style CMDS fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style INSTALL fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style RUN fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style UPGRADE fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style INJECT fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style LIST fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style PIN fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style INTERP_CMD fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style OTHER fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style VENV fill:#7c4dff,color:#fff
style PATHS fill:#c78c20,color:#fff
style SHARED fill:#c78c20,color:#fff
style INSPECT fill:#7c4dff,color:#fff
style META fill:#7c4dff,color:#fff
style SPEC fill:#388e3c,color:#fff
style INTERP fill:#388e3c,color:#fff
style STANDALONE fill:#388e3c,color:#fff
```
### Key modules
`venv.py` is the core abstraction. `Venv` wraps a single virtual environment (create, install, uninstall, upgrade) and
`VenvContainer` manages the collection under `PIPX_HOME/venvs/`. Both delegate pip operations to the shared libraries
venv managed by `shared_libs.py`.
`paths.py` resolves all directory locations from environment variables, platform defaults, and legacy fallback paths.
`pipx_metadata_file.py` serializes install options (spec, pip args, injected packages) to JSON inside each venv so that
`upgrade` and `reinstall` can reproduce the original install.
`interpreter.py` and `standalone_python.py` handle Python version resolution. When `--fetch-missing-python` is passed,
pipx downloads a standalone build from
[python-build-standalone](https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases) and caches it locally. The
`pipx interpreter` subcommands (list, prune, upgrade) manage these cached interpreters.
`commands/run.py` includes PEP 723 inline script metadata parsing. When you run a `.py` file, pipx scans for a
`# /// script` block, extracts TOML-declared dependencies, and installs them into a cached temporary venv.
## Running pipx For Development
To develop `pipx`, either create a [developer environment](#creating-a-developer-environment), or perform an editable
install:
```
python -m pip install -e .
python -m pipx --version
```
## Running Tests
### Setup
pipx uses [tox](https://pypi.org/project/tox/) for development, continuous integration testing, and various tasks.
`tox` defines environments in `tox.toml` which can be run with `tox run -e ENV_NAME`. Environment names can be listed
with `tox list`.
Install tox for pipx development:
```
python -m pip install --user tox
```
Tests are defined as `tox` environments. You can see all tox environments with
```
tox list
```
At the time of this writing, the output looks like this
```
default environments:
3.13 -> run tests with 3.13
3.12 -> run tests with 3.12
3.11 -> run tests with 3.11
3.10 -> run tests with 3.10
3.9 -> run tests with 3.9
lint -> run pre-commit on the codebase
docs -> build documentation
man -> build man page
```
### Creating a developer environment
For developing the tool (and to attach to your IDE) we recommend creating a Python environment via `tox run -e dev`,
afterwards use the Python interpreter available under `.tox/dev/bin/python`.
### Unit Tests
To run unit tests in Python 3.12, you can run
```
tox run -e 3.12
```
> [!TIP]
> You can run a specific unit test by passing arguments to pytest, the test runner pipx uses:
>
> ```
> tox run -e 3.9 -- -k EXPRESSION
> ```
>
> `EXPRESSION` can be a test name, such as
>
> ```
> tox run -e 3.9 -- -k test_uninstall
> ```
>
> Coverage errors can usually be ignored when only running a subset of tests.
### Running Unit Tests Offline
Running the unit tests requires a directory `.pipx_tests/package_cache` to be populated from a fixed list of package
distribution files (wheels or source files). If you have network access, `tox` automatically makes sure this directory
is populated (including downloading files if necessary) as a first step. Thus, if you are running the tests with network
access, you can ignore the rest of this section.
If, however, you wish to run tests offline without the need for network access, you can populate
`.pipx_tests/package_cache` yourself manually beforehand when you do have network access.
### Lint Tests
Linting is done via `pre-commit`, setting it up and running it can be done via `tox` by typing:
```
tox run -e lint
```
### Installing or injecting new packages in tests
If the tests are modified such that a new package / version combination is `pipx install`ed or `pipx inject`ed that
wasn't used in other tests, then one must make sure it's added properly to the packages lists in
`testdata/tests_packages`.
To accomplish this:
- Edit `testdata/tests_packages/primary_packages.txt` to add the new package(s) that you wish to `pipx install` or
`pipx inject` in the tests.
Then using Github workflows to generate all platforms in the Github CI:
- Manually activate the Github workflow: Create tests package lists for offline tests
- Download the artifact `lists` and put the files from it into `testdata/tests_packages/`
Finally, check-in the new or modified list files in the directory `testdata/tests_packages`
## Testing pipx on Continuous Integration builds
Upon opening pull requests GitHub Actions will automatically trigger.
## Building Documentation
`pipx` autogenerates API documentation, and also uses templates.
When updating pipx docs, make sure you are modifying the `docs` directory.
You can generate the documentation with
```
tox run -e docs
```
This will capture CLI documentation for any pipx argument modifications, as well as generate templates to the docs
directory.
## Releasing New `pipx` Versions
The release process for pipx is designed to be simple and fully automated with a single button press. The workflow
automatically determines the next version based on changelog fragments, generates the changelog, creates the release
commit, and publishes to PyPI.
### Initiating a Release
Navigate to the **Actions** tab in the GitHub repository and select the **Pre-release** workflow. Click **Run workflow**
and choose the appropriate version bump strategy. The `auto` option intelligently determines whether a minor or patch
bump is needed by examining the types of changelog fragments present. If new features or removals exist, it performs a
minor version bump; otherwise, it increments the patch version. Alternatively, you can explicitly select `major`,
`minor`, or `patch` to control the version increment directly.
### What Happens During Release
Once triggered, the pre-release workflow executes the `scripts/release.py` script which collects all changelog fragments
from the `changelog.d/` directory and uses towncrier to generate the updated changelog. It then creates a release commit
with the message "Release {version}" and tags it with the version number. After running pre-commit hooks to ensure
formatting, both the commit and tag are pushed to the main branch.
The act of pushing a version tag (matching the pattern `*.*.*`) automatically triggers the main release workflow. This
workflow builds the project distribution files, publishes the package to PyPI using trusted publishing, creates a GitHub
release with auto-generated notes, and builds the zipapp using the minimum supported Python version before uploading it
to the GitHub release assets.
### Version Calculation Examples
Starting from version `1.8.0`, the version bump types produce the following results: `auto` with feature fragments
becomes `1.9.0`, while `auto` with only bugfixes becomes `1.8.1`. Selecting `major` explicitly jumps to `2.0.0`, `minor`
moves to `1.9.0`, and `patch` increments to `1.8.1`. This automation eliminates the need for manual version management
and ensures consistency across releases.
================================================
FILE: docs/explanation/comparisons.md
================================================
## pipx vs pip
- pip is a general Python package installer. It can be used to install libraries or CLI applications with entrypoints.
- pipx is a specialized package installer. It can only be used to install packages with CLI entrypoints.
- pipx and pip both install packages from PyPI (or locally)
- pipx relies on pip (and venv)
- pipx replaces a subset of pip's functionality; it lets you install CLI applications but NOT libraries that you import
in your code.
- you can install pipx with pip
Example interaction: Install pipx with pip: `pip install --user pipx`
## pipx vs poetry and pipenv
- pipx is used solely for application consumption: you install CLI apps with it
- pipenv and poetry are CLI apps used to develop applications and libraries
- all three tools wrap pip and virtual environments for more convenient workflows
Example interaction: Install pipenv and poetry with pipx: `pipx install poetry` Run pipenv or poetry with pipx:
`pipx run poetry --help`
## pipx vs venv
- venv is part of Python's standard library in Python 3.2 and above
- venv creates "virtual environments" which are sandboxed python installations
- pipx heavily relies on the venv package
Example interaction: pipx installs packages to environments created with venv. `pipx install black --verbose`
## pipx vs pyenv
- pyenv manages python versions on your system. It helps you install versions like Python 3.6, 3.7, etc.
- pipx installs packages in virtual environments and exposes their entrypoints on your PATH
Example interaction: Install a Python interpreter with pyenv, then install a package using pipx and that new
interpreter: `pipx install black --python=python3.11` where python3.11 was installed on the system with pyenv
## pipx vs pipsi
- pipx and pipsi both install packages in a similar way
- pipx is under active development. pipsi is no longer maintained.
- pipx always makes sure you're using the latest version of pip
- pipx has the ability to run an app in one line, leaving your system unchanged after it finishes (`pipx run APP`) where
pipsi does not
- pipx has the ability to recursively install binaries from dependent packages
- pipx adds more useful information to its output
- pipx has more CLI options such as upgrade-all, reinstall-all, uninstall-all
- pipx is more modern. It uses Python 3.6+, and the `venv` package in the Python3 standard library instead of the python
2 package `virtualenv`.
- pipx works with Python homebrew installations while pipsi does not (at least on my machine)
- pipx defaults to less verbose output
- pipx allows you to see each command it runs by passing the --verbose flag
- pipx prints emojis 😀
Example interaction: None. Either one or the other should be used. These tools compete for a similar workflow.
### Migrating to pipx from pipsi
After you have installed pipx, run
[migrate_pipsi_to_pipx.py](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pypa/pipx/main/scripts/migrate_pipsi_to_pipx.py). Why not
do this with your new pipx installation?
```
pipx run https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pypa/pipx/main/scripts/migrate_pipsi_to_pipx.py
```
## pipx vs brew
- Both brew and pipx install cli tools
- They install them from different sources. brew uses a curated repository specifically for brew, and pipx generally
uses PyPI.
Example interaction: brew can be used to install pipx, but they generally don't interact much.
## pipx vs npx
- Both can run cli tools (npx will search for them in node_modules, and if not found run in a temporary environment.
`pipx run` will search in `__pypackages__` and if not found run in a temporary environment)
- npx works with JavaScript and pipx works with Python
- Both tools attempt to make running executables written in a dynamic language (JS/Python) as easy as possible
- pipx can also install tools globally; npx cannot
Example interaction: None. These tools work for different languages.
## pipx vs pip-run
[pip-run](https://github.com/jaraco/pip-run) is focused on running **arbitrary Python code in ephemeral environments**
while pipx is focused on running **Python binaries in ephemeral and non-ephemeral environments**.
For example these two commands both install poetry to an ephemeral environment and invoke poetry with `--help`.
```
pipx run poetry --help
pip-run poetry -- -m poetry --help
```
Example interaction: None.
## pipx vs fades
[fades](https://github.com/PyAr/fades) is a tool to run **individual** Python scripts inside automatically provisioned
virtualenvs with their dependencies installed.
- Both [fades](https://github.com/PyAr/fades#how-to-mark-the-dependencies-to-be-installed) and
[pipx run](../reference/examples.md#pipx-run-examples) allow specifying a script's dependencies in specially
formatted comments, but the exact syntax differs. (pipx's syntax is standardized by a
[provisional specification](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/inline-script-metadata/), fades's
syntax is not standardized.)
- Both tools automatically set up reusable virtualenvs containing the necessary dependencies.
- Both can download Python scripts/packages to execute from remote resources.
- fades can only run individual script files while pipx can also run packages.
Example interaction: None.
## pipx vs pae/pactivate
_pae_ is a Bash command-line function distributed with [pactivate](https://github.com/cynic-net/pactivate) that uses
pactivate to create non-ephemeral environments focused on general use, rather than just running command-line
applications.
There is [a very detailed comparison here](https://github.com/cynic-net/pactivate/blob/main/doc/vs-pipx.md), but to
briefly summarize:
Similarities:
- Both create isolated environments without having to specify (and remember) a directory in which to store them.
- Both allow you to use any Python interpreter available on your system (subject to version restrictions below).
pae advantages:
- Supports all versions of Python from 2.7 upward. pipx requires ≥3.9.
- Fewer dependencies. (See the detailed comparison for more information.)
- Easier to have multiple versions of a single program and/or use different Python versions for a single program.
- Somewhat more convenient for running arbitrary command-line programs in virtual environments, installing multiple
packages in a single environment, and activating virtual environments.
- Integrates well with source code repos using [pactivate](https://github.com/cynic-net/pactivate).
pae disadvantages:
- Usable with Bash shell only.
- Slightly less quick and convenient for installing/running command-line programs from single Python packages.
- Can be slower than pipx at creating virtual environments.
Example interaction: None. Either one or the other should be used. These tools compete for a similar workflow.
================================================
FILE: docs/explanation/how-pipx-works.md
================================================
## How it Works
### `pipx install`
When installing a package and its binaries on Linux (`pipx install package`), pipx first creates or reuses a shared
virtual environment at `~/.local/share/pipx/shared/` that contains the packaging library `pip`, ensuring it is updated
to its latest version. It then creates an isolated virtual environment at `~/.local/share/pipx/venvs/PACKAGE` that uses
the shared pip via a [.pth file](https://docs.python.org/3/library/site.html) and installs the desired package into it.
Once the package is installed, pipx exposes its console scripts and GUI scripts by symlinking them into `~/.local/bin`
(for example, `~/.local/bin/black` -> `~/.local/share/pipx/venvs/black/bin/black`). It also symlinks any manual pages
into `~/.local/share/man/man[1-9]`. As long as `~/.local/bin/` is on your `PATH`, the new commands are available
globally, and on systems with `man` support the pages are accessible too.
Adding the `--global` flag to any `pipx` command executes the action in global scope, exposing the app to all system
users. See the [configuration reference](../how-to/configure-paths.md#-global-argument) for details. Note that this is
not available on Windows.
```mermaid
flowchart LR
A["pipx install black"] --> B["shared venv
(pip)"]
B --> C["create venv
~/.local/share/pipx/
venvs/black/"]
C --> D["pip install black"]
D --> E["symlink binaries
~/.local/bin/black"]
D --> F["symlink man pages
~/.local/share/man/"]
style A fill:#3f72af,color:#fff
style B fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style C fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style D fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style E fill:#388e3c,color:#fff
style F fill:#388e3c,color:#fff
```
### `pipx run`
`pipx run BINARY` reuses the same shared pip environment, then either reuses a cached virtual environment or creates a
new temporary one. The cache key is a hash of the package name, spec, python version, and pip arguments. pipx creates a
virtual environment with `python -m venv`, installs the package, and invokes the binary.
Cached environments expire after a few days. On next run, pipx fetches the latest version.
```mermaid
flowchart LR
A["pipx run pycowsay"] --> B["shared venv
(pip)"]
B --> C{"cached
venv?"}
C -- "yes" --> E["reuse cached venv"]
C -- "no" --> D["create temp venv
pip install pycowsay"]
D --> F["invoke binary"]
E --> F
style A fill:#3f72af,color:#fff
style B fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style C fill:#c78c20,color:#fff
style D fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style E fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style F fill:#388e3c,color:#fff
```
### Directory layout
The overall directory structure that pipx manages looks like this:
```mermaid
flowchart TD
HOME["~"] --> BIN["~/.local/bin/
(on PATH)"]
HOME --> DATA["~/.local/share/pipx/"]
DATA --> SHARED["shared/
(pip, setuptools)"]
DATA --> VENVS["venvs/"]
VENVS --> V1["black/"]
VENVS --> V2["poetry/"]
VENVS --> V3["ruff/"]
V1 --> V1BIN["bin/black"]
BIN --> |"symlink"| V1BIN
style HOME fill:#3f72af,color:#fff
style BIN fill:#388e3c,color:#fff
style DATA fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style SHARED fill:#c78c20,color:#fff
style VENVS fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style V1 fill:#7c4dff,color:#fff
style V2 fill:#7c4dff,color:#fff
style V3 fill:#7c4dff,color:#fff
style V1BIN fill:#7c4dff,color:#fff
```
You can do all of this yourself. pipx automates it. Pass `--verbose` to see every command and argument pipx runs.
================================================
FILE: docs/explanation/index.md
================================================
# Explanation
Design rationale and background knowledge. Read these to understand *why* pipx works the way it does.
- [How pipx Works](how-pipx-works.md) — virtual environment architecture and the shared pip library.
- [Comparisons](comparisons.md) — how pipx relates to pip, poetry, pipenv, pyenv, brew, npx, and more.
- [Making Packages Compatible](making-packages-compatible.md) — adding entry points and man pages for pipx support.
================================================
FILE: docs/explanation/making-packages-compatible.md
================================================
## Developing for pipx
If you are a developer and want to be able to run
```
pipx install MY_PACKAGE
```
make sure you include `scripts` in your main table[^1] in `pyproject.toml` or its legacy equivalents for `setup.cfg` and
`setup.py`. pipx also exposes `gui-scripts` entry points, which are useful for GUI applications on Windows (they launch
without opening a console window).
=== "pyproject.toml"
```ini
[project.scripts]
foo = "my_package.some_module:main_func"
bar = "other_module:some_func"
[project.gui-scripts]
baz = "my_package_gui:start_func"
```
=== "setup.cfg"
```ini
[options.entry_points]
console_scripts =
foo = my_package.some_module:main_func
bar = other_module:some_func
gui_scripts =
baz = my_package_gui:start_func
```
=== "setup.py"
```python
setup(
# other arguments here...
entry_points={
'console_scripts': [
'foo = my_package.some_module:main_func',
'bar = other_module:some_func',
],
'gui_scripts': [
'baz = my_package_gui:start_func',
]
},
)
```
In this case `foo` and `bar` (and `baz` on Windows) would be available as "applications" to pipx after installing the
above example package, invoking their corresponding entry point functions.
```mermaid
flowchart LR
TOML["pyproject.toml
[project.scripts]"] --> |"defines"| EP["entry points
foo, bar"]
EP --> |"pipx install"| VENV["isolated venv"]
VENV --> |"symlinks"| BIN["~/.local/bin/
foo, bar"]
BIN --> |"invokes"| FUNC["my_package:
main_func()"]
style TOML fill:#3f72af,color:#fff
style EP fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style VENV fill:#7c4dff,color:#fff
style BIN fill:#388e3c,color:#fff
style FUNC fill:#c78c20,color:#fff
```
### The `pipx.run` entry point group
When a user runs `pipx run PACKAGE`, pipx looks for a console script matching the package name. If the package name and
script name differ, the user has to write `pipx run --spec PACKAGE SCRIPT`, which is less convenient.
Package authors can declare a `pipx.run` entry point group to tell pipx which function to invoke for `pipx run`. This
entry point takes priority over console scripts when present.
=== "pyproject.toml"
```toml
[project.entry-points."pipx.run"]
my-package = "my_package.cli:main"
```
=== "setup.cfg"
```ini
[options.entry_points]
pipx.run =
my-package = my_package.cli:main
```
With this declaration, `pipx run my-package` invokes `my_package.cli:main` even if no console script named `my-package`
exists. The [build](https://github.com/pypa/build) package uses this pattern so that `pipx run build` works even though
build's console script is named `pyproject-build`.
### Manual pages
If you wish to provide documentation via `man` pages on UNIX-like systems then these can be added as data files:
=== "setuptools"
```toml title="pyproject.toml"
[tool.setuptools.data-files]
"share/man/man1" = [
"manpage.1",
]
```
```ini title="setup.cfg"
[options.data_files]
share/man/man1 =
manpage.1
```
```python title="setup.py"
setup(
# other arguments here...
data_files=[('share/man/man1', ['manpage.1'])]
)
```
> [!WARNING]
> The `data-files` keyword is "discouraged" in the
> [setuptools documentation](https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/pyproject_config.html#setuptools-specific-configuration)
> but there is no alternative if `man` pages are a requirement.
=== "pdm-backend"
```toml title="pyproject.toml"
[tool.pdm.build]
source-includes = ["share"]
[tool.pdm.build.wheel-data]
data = [
{ path = "share/man/man1/*", relative-to = "." },
]
```
In this case the manual page `manpage.1` could be accessed by the user after installing the above example package.
For a real-world example, see [pycowsay](https://github.com/cs01/pycowsay/blob/master/setup.py)'s `setup.py` source
code.
You can read more about entry points
[here](https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/quickstart.html#entry-points-and-automatic-script-creation).
[^1]: This is often the `[project]` table, but might also be differently named. Read more in the
[PyPUG](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/writing-pyproject-toml/#writing-your-pyproject-toml).
================================================
FILE: docs/how-to/configure-paths.md
================================================
## Installation Options
The default binary location for pipx-installed apps is `~/.local/bin`. This can be overridden with the environment
variable `PIPX_BIN_DIR`. The default manual page location for pipx-installed apps is `~/.local/share/man`. This can be
overridden with the environment variable `PIPX_MAN_DIR`. If the `--global` option is used, the default locations are
`/usr/local/bin` and `/usr/local/share/man` respectively and can be overridden with `PIPX_GLOBAL_BIN_DIR` and
`PIPX_GLOBAL_MAN_DIR`.
pipx's default virtual environment location is typically `~/.local/share/pipx` on Linux/Unix, `~/.local/pipx` on macOS
and `~\pipx` on Windows. For compatibility reasons, if `~/.local/pipx` on Linux, `%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\pipx` or
`~\.local\pipx` on Windows or `~/Library/Application Support/pipx` on macOS exists, it will be used as the default
location instead. This can be overridden with the `PIPX_HOME` environment variable. If the `--global` option is used,
the default location is always `/opt/pipx` and can be overridden with `PIPX_GLOBAL_HOME`.
In case one of these fallback locations exist, we recommend either manually moving the pipx files to the new default
location (see the [Moving your pipx installation](move-installation.md) section of the docs), or setting the `PIPX_HOME`
environment variable (discarding files existing in the fallback location).
As an example, you can install global apps accessible by all users on your system with either of the following commands
(on MacOS, Linux, and Windows WSL):
```
sudo PIPX_HOME=/opt/pipx PIPX_BIN_DIR=/usr/local/bin PIPX_MAN_DIR=/usr/local/share/man pipx install
# or shorter (with pipx>=1.5.0)
sudo pipx install --global
```
> [!NOTE]
> After version 1.2.0, the default pipx paths have been moved from `~/.local/pipx` to specific user data directories on
> each platform using [platformdirs](https://pypi.org/project/platformdirs/) library
>
> | Old Path | New Path |
> | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
> | `~/.local/pipx/.trash` | `platformdirs.user_data_dir()/pipx/trash` |
> | `~/.local/pipx/shared` | `platformdirs.user_data_dir()/pipx/shared` |
> | `~/.local/pipx/venvs` | `platformdirs.user_data_dir()/pipx/venvs` |
> | `~/.local/pipx/.cache` | `platformdirs.user_cache_dir()/pipx` |
> | `~/.local/pipx/logs` | `platformdirs.user_log_dir()/pipx/log` |
>
> `user_data_dir()`, `user_cache_dir()` and `user_log_dir()` resolve to appropriate platform-specific user data, cache
> and log directories. See the
> [platformdirs documentation](https://platformdirs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#platforms) for details.
>
> This was reverted in 1.5.0 for Windows and macOS. We heavily recommend not using these locations on Windows and macOS
> anymore, due to multiple incompatibilities discovered with these locations, documented
> [here](troubleshoot.md#why-are-spaces-in-the-pipx_home-path-bad).
### Customising your installation
#### `--global` argument
The `--global` flag installs applications into a system-wide location accessible to all users. It must be placed
**after** the subcommand, not before it:
```
# correct
sudo pipx install --global pycowsay
sudo pipx list --global
# wrong (--global is silently ignored when placed before the subcommand)
sudo pipx --global install pycowsay
```
Default global paths are `/usr/local/bin` for binaries, `/usr/local/share/man` for man pages, and `/opt/pipx` for
virtual environments. Override them with `PIPX_GLOBAL_BIN_DIR`, `PIPX_GLOBAL_MAN_DIR`, and `PIPX_GLOBAL_HOME`. Run
`sudo pipx ensurepath --global` to add the global binary directory to the system `PATH`.
The `--global` flag is not supported on Windows.
#### `--prepend` argument
The `--prepend` argument can be passed to the `pipx ensurepath` command to prepend the `pipx` bin directory to the
user's PATH environment variable instead of appending to it. This can be useful if you want to prioritise
`pipx`-installed binaries over system-installed binaries of the same name.
### Configuring pip for pipx
pipx uses pip internally for all package installs, including its own shared libraries (pip, setuptools). To point pip at
a private index or pass custom options, set `PIP_*` environment variables. pipx forwards them to every pip invocation.
For example, to use a private package index:
```
export PIP_INDEX_URL=https://my-private-index.example.com/simple/
export PIP_TRUSTED_HOST=my-private-index.example.com
pipx install my-private-package
```
These variables also apply when pipx upgrades its shared libraries (`pipx upgrade-shared`). You can set them permanently
in your shell profile or in pip's own config file (`pip.conf` / `pip.ini`). See the
[pip configuration documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/topics/configuration/) for details.
Per-command pip options can be passed with `--pip-args`:
```
pipx install my-package --pip-args='--no-cache-dir --trusted-host=my-host'
```
================================================
FILE: docs/how-to/index.md
================================================
# How-to Guides
Recipes for common pipx tasks. Each guide covers a specific goal and assumes you have pipx installed.
- [Install pipx](install-pipx.md) — system requirements and OS-specific installation steps.
- [Upgrade pipx](upgrade-pipx.md) — keep pipx itself up to date.
- [Inject Packages](inject-packages.md) — add extra packages into an existing pipx environment.
- [Pin Packages](pin-packages.md) — hold a package at its current version.
- [Run Scripts](run-scripts.md) — run specific versions, from URLs, or from source control.
- [Use with pre-commit](use-with-pre-commit.md) — integrate pipx with pre-commit hooks.
- [Configure Paths](configure-paths.md) — customise `PIPX_HOME`, `PIPX_BIN_DIR`, and global installs.
- [Move Installation](move-installation.md) — relocate your pipx directory.
- [Shell Completions](shell-completions.md) — enable tab completion for your shell.
- [Troubleshoot](troubleshoot.md) — fix common problems.
================================================
FILE: docs/how-to/inject-packages.md
================================================
## Inject a package
`pipx inject` adds extra packages into an existing pipx-managed virtual environment. If you have `ipython` installed and
want `matplotlib` available inside it:
```
pipx inject ipython matplotlib
```
Inject multiple packages at once, from a requirements file, or both:
```
pipx inject ipython matplotlib pandas
pipx inject ipython -r useful-packages.txt
pipx inject ipython extra-pkg -r more-packages.txt
```
### Expose injected apps
By default, injected packages do not add their entry points to your `PATH`. Use `--include-apps` to expose them:
```
pipx inject ipython black --include-apps
```
`--include-deps` exposes entry points from the injected package's dependencies too (implies `--include-apps`).
### Other flags
- `--force` / `-f` reinstalls the package even if it is already injected.
- `--editable` / `-e` installs the package in editable (development) mode.
- `--with-suffix SUFFIX` targets a suffixed venv (e.g. `ipython_3.11`).
- `--pip-args` passes extra arguments to pip (e.g. `--pip-args='--no-cache-dir'`).
- `--index-url` / `-i` sets the PyPI index URL for this inject.
- `--system-site-packages` gives the venv access to the system site-packages.
================================================
FILE: docs/how-to/install-pipx.md
================================================
## System Requirements
python 3.9+ is required to install pipx. pipx can run binaries from packages with Python 3.3+. Don't have Python 3.9 or
later? See [Python 3 Installation & Setup Guide](https://realpython.com/installing-python/).
You also need to have `pip` installed on your machine for `python3`. The installation process varies from system to
system. Consult [pip's installation instructions](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/). Installing on Linux works
best with a
[Linux Package Manager](https://packaging.python.org/guides/installing-using-linux-tools/#installing-pip-setuptools-wheel-with-linux-package-managers).
pipx works on macOS, Linux, and Windows.
[](https://repology.org/metapackage/pipx/versions)
## Installing pipx
### On macOS:
```
brew install pipx
pipx ensurepath
```
#### Additional (optional) commands
To allow pipx actions in global scope (requires pipx 1.5.0+):
```
sudo pipx ensurepath --global
```
To prepend the pipx bin directory to PATH instead of appending it (requires pipx 1.7.0+):
```
sudo pipx ensurepath --prepend
```
> [!NOTE]
> Some distributions ship older pipx versions (e.g. Ubuntu 24.04 ships v1.4.3). If `--global` or `--prepend` fails with
> "unrecognized arguments", upgrade pipx first: `pip install --user --upgrade pipx`, or install a newer version from a
> different source.
For more details, refer to [Customising your installation](configure-paths.md).
### On Linux:
- Ubuntu 23.04 or above
```
sudo apt update
sudo apt install pipx
pipx ensurepath
```
- Fedora:
```
sudo dnf install pipx
pipx ensurepath
```
- Using `pip` on other distributions:
```
python3 -m pip install --user pipx
python3 -m pipx ensurepath
```
> [!NOTE]
> Distributions that adopt [PEP 668](https://peps.python.org/pep-0668/) (Ubuntu 23.04+, Debian 12+, Fedora 38+) mark the
> system Python as externally managed. Running `pip install --user` on these systems fails with an
> `externally-managed-environment` error. Use your distribution's package manager (`apt install pipx`,
> `dnf install pipx`) instead. If no distro package exists, install pipx inside its own virtual environment:
>
> ```
> python3 -m venv ~/.local/share/pipx-venv
> ~/.local/share/pipx-venv/bin/pip install pipx
> ln -s ~/.local/share/pipx-venv/bin/pipx ~/.local/bin/pipx
> pipx ensurepath
> ```
#### Additional (optional) commands
To allow pipx actions in global scope (requires pipx 1.5.0+):
```
sudo pipx ensurepath --global
```
To prepend the pipx bin directory to PATH instead of appending it (requires pipx 1.7.0+):
```
sudo pipx ensurepath --prepend
```
For more details, refer to [Customising your installation](configure-paths.md).
> [!NOTE]
> If you installed pipx with `pip install --user`, the `pipx` binary lives in your user directory (e.g.
> `~/.local/bin/pipx`). Running `sudo pipx` will fail because root's `PATH` does not include your user bin directory.
> Use the full path instead: `sudo ~/.local/bin/pipx ensurepath --global`. Alternatively, install pipx system-wide with
> `sudo pip install pipx` (without `--user`) or use your distribution's package manager.
### On Windows:
- Install via [Scoop](https://scoop.sh/):
```
scoop install pipx
pipx ensurepath
```
- Install via pip (requires pip 19.0 or later)
```
# If you installed python using Microsoft Store, replace `py` with `python3` in the next line.
py -m pip install --user pipx
```
It is possible (even most likely) the above finishes with a WARNING looking similar to this:
```
WARNING: The script pipx.exe is installed in `\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python3x\Scripts` which is not on PATH
```
If so, go to the mentioned folder, allowing you to run the pipx executable directly. Enter the following line (even if
you did not get the warning):
```
.\pipx.exe ensurepath
```
This will add both the above mentioned path and the `%USERPROFILE%\.local\bin` folder to your search path. Restart your
terminal session and verify `pipx` does run.
### On FreeBSD:
- Install via package manager
```sh
pkg install -y py311-pipx
```
- Install via pip
```sh
pip install --user pipx
pipx ensurepath
```
### Using pipx without installing (via zipapp)
The zipapp can be downloaded from [Github releases](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/releases) and you can invoke it with a
Python 3.9+ interpreter:
```
python pipx.pyz ensurepath
```
### Self-managed pipx
You can use pipx to manage its own installation. This keeps pipx up to date through `pipx upgrade pipx` and avoids
relying on distro packages that may ship older versions. Bootstrap it with a temporary virtual environment:
```
python3 -m venv /tmp/bootstrap
/tmp/bootstrap/bin/pip install pipx
/tmp/bootstrap/bin/pipx install pipx
rm -rf /tmp/bootstrap
pipx ensurepath
```
After this, `pipx upgrade pipx` upgrades pipx like any other pipx-managed application. On Windows, pipx cannot delete
its own running executable, so it moves locked files to a trash directory and cleans them up on the next run.
## Installing packages from source control
pipx accepts any source pip supports, including git repositories. Using `black` as an example:
```
pipx install git+https://github.com/psf/black.git
pipx install git+ssh://git@github.com/psf/black # using ssh
pipx install git+https://github.com/psf/black.git@branch # branch of your choice
pipx install git+https://github.com/psf/black.git@ce14fa8b497bae2b50ec48b3bd7022573a59cdb1 # git hash
pipx install https://github.com/psf/black/archive/18.9b0.zip # install a release
```
Use pip's `egg` syntax when installing extras:
```
pipx install "git+https://github.com/psf/black.git#egg=black[jupyter]"
```
### Installing from a pull request
To test a package from an open pull request, find the fork owner and branch name on the PR page, then build the git URL.
For example, PR #794 from user `contributor` on branch `fix-something`:
```
pipx install git+https://github.com/contributor/pipx.git@fix-something
```
If the PR branch has been merged, use the merge commit hash instead:
```
pipx install git+https://github.com/pypa/pipx.git@abc123def
```
================================================
FILE: docs/how-to/move-installation.md
================================================
## Moving your pipx installation
The below code snippets show how to move your pipx installation to a new directory. As an example, they move from a
non-default location to the current default locations. If you wish to move to a different location, just replace the
`NEW_LOCATION` value.
### MacOS
Current default location: `~/.local`
```bash
NEW_LOCATION=~/.local
cache_dir=$(pipx environment --value PIPX_VENV_CACHEDIR)
logs_dir=$(pipx environment --value PIPX_LOG_DIR)
trash_dir=$(pipx environment --value PIPX_TRASH_DIR)
home_dir=$(pipx environment --value PIPX_HOME)
rm -rf "$cache_dir" "$logs_dir" "$trash_dir"
mkdir -p $NEW_LOCATION && mv "$home_dir" $NEW_LOCATION
pipx reinstall-all
```
### Linux
Current default location: `~/.local/share`
```bash
cache_dir=$(pipx environment --value PIPX_VENV_CACHEDIR)
logs_dir=$(pipx environment --value PIPX_LOG_DIR)
trash_dir=$(pipx environment --value PIPX_TRASH_DIR)
home_dir=$(pipx environment --value PIPX_HOME)
# If you wish another location, replace the expression below
# and set `NEW_LOCATION` explicitly
NEW_LOCATION="${XDG_DATA_HOME:-$HOME/.local/share}"
rm -rf "$cache_dir" "$logs_dir" "$trash_dir"
mkdir -p $NEW_LOCATION && mv "$home_dir" $NEW_LOCATION
pipx reinstall-all
```
### Windows
Current default location: `~/pipx`
```powershell
$NEW_LOCATION = Join-Path "$HOME" 'pipx'
$cache_dir = pipx environment --value PIPX_VENV_CACHEDIR
$logs_dir = pipx environment --value PIPX_LOG_DIR
$trash_dir = pipx environment --value PIPX_TRASH_DIR
$home_dir = pipx environment --value PIPX_HOME
Remove-Item -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue "$cache_dir", "$logs_dir", "$trash_dir"
# Remove the destination directory to ensure rename behavior of `Move-Item`
Remove-Item -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue "$NEW_LOCATION"
Move-Item -Path $home_dir -Destination "$NEW_LOCATION"
pipx reinstall-all
```
If you would prefer doing it in bash via git-bash/WSL, feel free to use the MacOS/Linux instructions, changing the
`$NEW_LOCATION` to the Windows version.
================================================
FILE: docs/how-to/pin-packages.md
================================================
## Pin installed packages
Use `pipx pin` when you need to hold an installation at its current version. Pinned packages are skipped by
`pipx upgrade`, `pipx upgrade-all`, and `pipx reinstall`, so the environment keeps its existing app and dependency
versions until you unpin it.
- `pipx pin PACKAGE` — pins the main package and any injected packages in that virtual environment.
- `pipx pin PACKAGE --injected-only` — leaves the main package upgradable but pins every injected package instead.
- `pipx pin PACKAGE --skip PKG_A PKG_B` — pins injected packages except the ones you list (the flag implies
`--injected-only`).
- `pipx unpin PACKAGE` — re-enables upgrades for the package and anything that was pinned with it.
- `pipx list --pinned` — shows every pinned environment; add `--include-injected` to see pinned injected packages.
pipx tracks the main package and any injected packages. It does not record individual transitive dependencies, so there
is no way to pin a single dependency in isolation. Pinning the main package protects its dependency set because pipx
skips running `pip install --upgrade` for that environment.
================================================
FILE: docs/how-to/run-scripts.md
================================================
## Running a specific version of a package
The `PACKAGE` argument is a
[requirement specifier](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Requirement-Specifier), so you can pin
versions, ranges, or extras:
```
pipx run mpremote==1.20.0
pipx run --spec esptool==4.6.2 esptool.py
pipx run --spec 'esptool>=4.5' esptool.py
```
Requirement specifiers containing `>`, `<`, or spaces need quoting.
## Running with extra dependencies
`--with` adds packages to the temporary environment alongside the main app:
```
pipx run --with requests --with rich my-script.py
```
## Running from source control
`pipx run` accepts git URLs through `--spec`. Using `black` as an example:
```
pipx run --spec git+https://github.com/psf/black.git black
pipx run --spec git+ssh://git@github.com/psf/black black
pipx run --spec git+https://github.com/psf/black.git@branch black
pipx run --spec git+https://github.com/psf/black.git@ce14fa8b497bae2b50ec48b3bd7022573a59cdb1 black
pipx run --spec https://github.com/psf/black/archive/18.9b0.zip black
```
## Running from URL
You can run `.py` files hosted anywhere:
```
pipx run https://gist.githubusercontent.com/cs01/fa721a17a326e551ede048c5088f9e0f/raw/6bdfbb6e9c1132b1c38fdd2f195d4a24c540c324/pipx-demo.py
```
## Running scripts with dependencies (PEP 723)
Scripts can declare their own dependencies using
[inline script metadata](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/inline-script-metadata/). pipx reads the
`# /// script` block and installs the listed packages before running:
```python
# test.py
# /// script
# dependencies = ["requests"]
# ///
import sys
import requests
project = sys.argv[1]
data = requests.get(f"https://pypi.org/pypi/{project}/json").json()
print(data["info"]["version"])
```
```
> pipx run test.py pipx
1.9.0
```
pipx creates a cached virtual environment keyed to the script's dependency list. Changing the dependencies creates a
fresh environment.
================================================
FILE: docs/how-to/shell-completions.md
================================================
## Shell Completion
You can easily get your shell's tab completions working by following instructions printed with this command:
```
pipx completions
```
================================================
FILE: docs/how-to/troubleshoot.md
================================================
## Wrong package version installed
pipx creates venvs using your default Python interpreter. pip resolves the latest package version compatible with that
interpreter. If a package drops support for your Python version, pip installs an older release without warning.
Check which Python pipx uses with `pipx environment --value PIPX_DEFAULT_PYTHON`. To install with a different Python,
pass `--python`:
```
pipx install my-package --python python3.12
```
If the desired Python version is not installed, add `--fetch-missing-python` and pipx downloads a standalone build:
```
pipx install my-package --python 3.13 --fetch-missing-python
```
## `reinstall-all` fixes most issues
The following command should fix many problems you may encounter as a pipx user:
```
pipx reinstall-all
```
This is a good fix for the following problems:
- System python was upgraded and the python used with a pipx-installed package is no longer available
- pipx upgrade causes issues with old pipx-installed packages
pipx has been upgraded a lot over the years. If you are a long-standing pipx user (thanks, by the way!) then you may
have old pipx-installed packages that have internal data that is different than what pipx currently expects. By
executing `pipx reinstall-all`, pipx will re-write its internal data and this should fix many issues you may encounter.
**Note:** If your pipx-installed package was installed using a pipx version before 0.15.0.0 and you want to specify
particular options, then you may want to uninstall and install it manually:
```
pipx uninstall
pipx install
```
## Diagnosing problems using `list`
```
pipx list
```
will not only list all of your pipx-installed packages, but can also diagnose some problems with them, as well as
suggest solutions.
## Specifying pipx options
The most reliable method to specify command-line options that require an argument is to use an `=`-sign. An example:
```
pipx install pycowsay --pip-args="--no-cache-dir"
```
Another example for ignoring ssl/tls errors:
```
pipx install termpair --pip-args '--trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host github.com'"
```
## Check for `PIP_*` environment variables
pipx uses `pip` to install and manage packages. If you see pipx exhibiting strange behavior on install or upgrade, check
that you don't have special environment variables that affect `pip`'s behavior in your environment.
To check for `pip` environment variables, execute the following depending on your system:
### Unix or macOS
```
env | grep '^PIP_'
```
### Windows PowerShell
```
ls env:PIP_*
```
### Windows `cmd`
```
set PIP_
```
Reference: [pip Environment Variables](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/user_guide/#environment-variables)
## `pipx` log files
pipx records a verbose log file for every `pipx` command invocation. The logs for the last 10 `pipx` commands can be
found in `$XDG_STATE_HOME/pipx/logs` or user's log path if the former is not writable by the user.
For most users this location is `~/.local/state/pipx/logs`, where `~` is your home directory.
## `sudo pipx` not found
If you installed pipx with `pip install --user`, the binary lives in your user directory (e.g. `~/.local/bin/pipx`).
Root's `PATH` does not include that directory, so `sudo pipx` fails with "command not found". Use the full path instead:
```
sudo ~/.local/bin/pipx ensurepath --global
```
To avoid this, install pipx through your distribution's package manager (`apt install pipx`, `dnf install pipx`) or
install it system-wide with `sudo pip install pipx` (without `--user`).
## Debian, Ubuntu issues
If you have issues using pipx on Debian, Ubuntu, or other Debian-based linux distributions, make sure you have the
following packages installed on your system. (Debian systems do not install these by default with their python
installations.)
```
sudo apt install python3-venv python3-pip
```
Reference:
[Python Packaging User Guide: Installing pip/setuptools/wheel with Linux Package Managers](https://packaging.python.org/guides/installing-using-linux-tools)
## macOS issues
If you want to use a pipx-installed package in a shebang (a common example is the AWS CLI), you will likely not be able
to, because the binary will be stored under `~/Library/Application Support/pipx/`. The space in the path is not
supported in a shebang. A simple solution is symlinking `~/Library/Application Support/pipx` to
`~/Library/ApplicationSupport/pipx`, and using that as the path in the shebang instead.
```
mkdir $HOME/Library/ApplicationSupport
ln -s $HOME/Library/Application\ Support/pipx $HOME/Library/ApplicationSupport/pipx
```
## Does it work to install your package with `pip`?
This is a tip for advanced users. An easy way to check if pipx is the problem or a package you're trying to install is
the problem, is to try installing it using `pip`. For example:
### Unix or macOS
```
python3 -m venv test_venv
test_venv/bin/python3 -m pip install
```
### Windows
```
python -m venv test_venv
test_venv/Scripts/python -m pip install
```
If installation into this "virtual environment" using pip fails, then it's likely that the problem is with the package
or your host system.
To clean up after this experiment:
```
rm -rf test_venv
```
## pipx files not in expected locations according to documentation
pipx versions after 1.2.0 adopt the XDG base directory specification for the location of `PIPX_HOME` and the data,
cache, and log directories. Version 1.2.0 and earlier use `~/.local/pipx` as the default `PIPX_HOME` and install the
data, cache, and log directories under it. To maintain compatibility with older versions, pipx will automatically use
this old `PIPX_HOME` path if it exists. For a map of old and new paths, see [Installation Options](configure-paths.md).
In pipx version 1.5.0, this was reverted for Windows and macOS. It defaults again to `~/.local/pipx` on macOS and to
`~\pipx` on Windows.
If you have a `pipx` version later than 1.2.0 and want to migrate from the old path to the new paths, you can move the
`~/.local/pipx` directory to the new location (after removing cache, log, and trash directories which will get recreated
automatically) and then reinstall all packages.
Please refer to [Moving your pipx installation](move-installation.md) on how to move it.
## Warning: Found a space in the pipx home path
In pipx version 1.5, we introduced the warning you're seeing, as multiple incompatibilities with spaces in the pipx home
path were discovered. You may see this for the following reasons:
1. From pipx version 1.3 to 1.5, we were by default using a path with a space on it on macOS. This unfortunately means
that all users who installed pipx in this time frame and were using the default behavior are seeing this warning
now.
1. You set your `PIPX_HOME` to a path with spaces in it explicitly or because your `$HOME` path contains a space.
### Why are spaces in the `PIPX_HOME` path bad
The main reason we can't support paths with spaces is that shebangs don't support spaces in the interpreter path. All
applications installed via `pipx` are installed via `pip`, which creates a script with a shebang at the top, defining
the interpreter of the `venv` to use.
`pip` does some magic to the shebang for scripts defined as a `script`, that resolves this issue. Unfortunately, many
libraries define their scripts as `console_scripts`, where `pip` does not perform this logic. Therefore, these scripts
cannot be run if installed with `pipx` in a path with spaces because the path to the `venv` (and therefore the
interpreter) will contain spaces.
If you want to use a script installed via pipx in a shebang itself (common for example for the AWS CLI), you run into a
similar problem, as the path to the installed script will contain a space.
### How to fix
You can generally fix this by using our default locations, as long as your `$HOME` path does not contain spaces. Please
refer to our [Moving your pipx installation](move-installation.md) docs on how to move the `pipx` installation.
If you're really sure you want to stick to your path with spaces, to suppress the warning set the
`PIPX_HOME_ALLOW_SPACE` environment variable to `true`.
================================================
FILE: docs/how-to/upgrade-pipx.md
================================================
## Upgrade pipx
On macOS:
```
brew update && brew upgrade pipx
```
On Ubuntu Linux:
```
sudo apt upgrade pipx
```
On Fedora Linux:
```
sudo dnf update pipx
```
On Windows:
```
scoop update pipx
```
Otherwise, upgrade via pip:
```
python3 -m pip install --user -U pipx
```
### Note: Upgrading pipx from a pre-0.15.0.0 version to 0.15.0.0 or later
After upgrading to pipx 0.15.0.0 or above from a pre-0.15.0.0 version, you must re-install all packages to take
advantage of the new persistent pipx metadata files introduced in the 0.15.0.0 release. These metadata files store pip
specification values, injected packages, any custom pip arguments, and more in each main package's venv.
If you have no packages installed using the `--spec` option, and no venvs with injected packages, you can do this by
running `pipx reinstall-all`.
If you have any packages installed using the `--spec` option or venvs with injected packages, you should reinstall
packages manually using `pipx uninstall-all`, followed by `pipx install` and possibly `pipx inject`.
================================================
FILE: docs/how-to/use-with-pre-commit.md
================================================
## Using pipx with pre-commit
pipx has [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com/) support. This lets you run applications:
- that can be run using `pipx run` but don't have native pre-commit support;
- using its prebuilt wheel from pypi.org instead of building it from source; and
- using pipx's `--spec` and `--index-url` flags.
Example configuration for use of the code linter [yapf](https://github.com/google/yapf/). This is to be added to your
`.pre-commit-config.yaml`.
```yaml
- repo: https://github.com/pypa/pipx
rev: 1.5.0
hooks:
- id: pipx
alias: yapf
name: yapf
args: [yapf, -i]
types: [python]
```
================================================
FILE: docs/index.md
================================================
# pipx — Install and Run Python Applications in Isolated Environments
pipx installs and runs end-user Python applications in isolated environments. It fills the same role as macOS's `brew`,
JavaScript's [npx](https://medium.com/@maybekatz/introducing-npx-an-npm-package-runner-55f7d4bd282b), and Linux's `apt`.
Under the hood it uses pip, but unlike pip it creates a separate virtual environment for each application, keeping your
system clean.
## Documentation
- **[Tutorials](tutorial/index.md)** — install your first application and run commands in temporary environments.
- **[How-to Guides](how-to/index.md)** — recipes for installing pipx, injecting packages, configuring paths, and more.
- **[Reference](reference/index.md)** — CLI flags, examples, environment variables, and programs to try.
- **[Explanation](explanation/index.md)** — how pipx works under the hood and how it compares to other tools.
```mermaid
flowchart LR
USER["you"] --> |"pipx install"| PIPX["pipx"]
USER --> |"pipx run"| PIPX
PIPX --> |"fetches from"| PYPI["PyPI"]
PIPX --> |"creates"| VENV["isolated venvs"]
VENV --> |"exposes on PATH"| APPS["black, ruff,
poetry, ..."]
style USER fill:#3f72af,color:#fff
style PIPX fill:#2a9d8f,color:#fff
style PYPI fill:#c78c20,color:#fff
style VENV fill:#7c4dff,color:#fff
style APPS fill:#388e3c,color:#fff
```
## pip vs pipx
pip installs both libraries and applications into your current environment with no isolation. pipx installs only
applications, each in its own virtual environment, and exposes their commands on your `PATH`. You get clean uninstalls
and zero dependency conflicts between tools.
## Where do apps come from?
pipx pulls packages from [PyPI](https://pypi.org/) by default, but accepts any source pip supports: local directories,
wheels, and git URLs. Any package that declares
[console script entry points](https://python-packaging.readthedocs.io/en/latest/command-line-scripts.html#the-console-scripts-entry-point)
works with pipx. [Poetry](https://python-poetry.org/docs/pyproject/#scripts) and
[hatch](https://hatch.pypa.io/latest/config/metadata/#cli) users can add entry points the same way.
## Features
pipx lets you
- install CLI apps into isolated environments with `pipx install`, guaranteeing no dependency conflicts and clean
uninstalls;
- list, upgrade, and uninstall packages in one command; and
- run the latest version of any app in a temporary environment with `pipx run`.
pipx runs with regular user permissions and never calls `sudo pip install`.
## Testimonials
> "Thanks for improving the workflow that pipsi has covered in the past. Nicely done!"
>
> — *[Jannis Leidel](https://twitter.com/jezdez), PSF fellow, former pip and Django core developer, and founder of the
> Python Packaging Authority (PyPA)*
> "My setup pieces together pyenv, poetry, and pipx. [...] For the things I need, it's perfect."
>
> — *[Jacob Kaplan-Moss](https://twitter.com/jacobian), co-creator of Django in blog post
> [My Python Development Environment, 2020 Edition](https://jacobian.org/2019/nov/11/python-environment-2020/)*
> "I'm a big fan of pipx. I think pipx is super cool."
>
> — *[Michael Kennedy](https://twitter.com/mkennedy), co-host of PythonBytes podcast in
> [episode 139](https://pythonbytes.fm/episodes/transcript/139/f-yes-for-the-f-strings)*
## Credits
pipx was inspired by [pipsi](https://github.com/mitsuhiko/pipsi) and [npx](https://github.com/npm/npx). It was created
by [Chad Smith](https://github.com/cs01/) and has had lots of help from
[contributors](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/graphs/contributors). The logo was created by
[@IrishMorales](https://github.com/IrishMorales).
pipx is maintained by a team of volunteers (in alphabetical order)
- [Bernát Gábor](https://github.com/gaborbernat)
- [Chad Smith](https://github.com/cs01) - co-lead maintainer
- [Chrysle](https://github.com/chrysle)
- [Jason Lam](https://github.com/dukecat0)
- [Matthew Clapp](https://github.com/itsayellow) - co-lead maintainer
- [Robert Offner](https://github.com/gitznik)
- [Tzu-ping Chung](https://github.com/uranusjr)
================================================
FILE: docs/reference/environment-variables.md
================================================
## Environment Variables
pipx reads the following environment variables. All are optional.
| Variable | Description | Default |
| --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `PIPX_HOME` | Root directory for pipx virtual environments. | `~/.local/share/pipx` (Linux), `~/.local/pipx` (macOS), `~\pipx` (Windows) |
| `PIPX_BIN_DIR` | Directory where application entry-point symlinks are placed. | `~/.local/bin` |
| `PIPX_MAN_DIR` | Directory where man page symlinks are placed. | `~/.local/share/man` |
| `PIPX_GLOBAL_HOME` | Root directory for global (`--global`) virtual environments. | `/opt/pipx` |
| `PIPX_GLOBAL_BIN_DIR` | Binary directory for global installs. | `/usr/local/bin` |
| `PIPX_GLOBAL_MAN_DIR` | Man page directory for global installs. | `/usr/local/share/man` |
| `PIPX_DEFAULT_PYTHON` | Python interpreter to use when `--python` is not passed. | `python3` (or `py` on Windows) |
| `PIPX_SHARED_LIBS` | Override the shared libraries directory. | `PIPX_HOME/shared` |
| `PIPX_FETCH_MISSING_PYTHON` | Fetch missing Python versions when `--python` is used. | _(unset)_ |
| `PIPX_HOME_ALLOW_SPACE` | Set to `true` to suppress the "space in PIPX_HOME" warning. | _(unset)_ |
| `PIPX_USE_EMOJI` | Set to `0` to disable emoji output. | `1` |
### Notes
`PIPX_HOME` has platform-specific fallback logic. If a legacy directory (e.g. `~/.local/pipx` on Linux) already exists,
pipx uses it instead of the new default. See [Configure Paths](../how-to/configure-paths.md) for details.
Standard `PIP_*` environment variables (e.g. `PIP_INDEX_URL`) are forwarded to pip when pipx invokes it. See
[Troubleshooting](../how-to/troubleshoot.md#check-for-pip_-environment-variables) if unexpected pip behaviour occurs.
Run `pipx environment` to see the resolved value of every directory variable on your system.
================================================
FILE: docs/reference/examples.md
================================================
## `pipx install` examples
```
pipx install pycowsay
pipx install --python python3.10 pycowsay
pipx install --python 3.12 pycowsay
pipx install --fetch-missing-python --python 3.12 pycowsay
pipx install git+https://github.com/psf/black
pipx install git+https://github.com/psf/black.git@branch-name
pipx install git+https://github.com/psf/black.git@git-hash
pipx install git+ssh://@/
pipx install https://github.com/psf/black/archive/18.9b0.zip
pipx install black[d]
pipx install --preinstall ansible-lint --preinstall mitogen ansible-core
pipx install 'black[d] @ git+https://github.com/psf/black.git@branch-name'
pipx install --suffix @branch-name 'black[d] @ git+https://github.com/psf/black.git@branch-name'
pipx install --include-deps jupyter
pipx install --pip-args='--pre' poetry
pipx install --pip-args='--index-url=: --trusted-host=:' private-repo-package
pipx install --index-url https://test.pypi.org/simple/ --pip-args='--extra-index-url https://pypi.org/simple/' some-package
pipx install --global pycowsay
pipx install .
pipx install path/to/some-project
```
## `pipx run` examples
pipx enables you to test various combinations of Python versions and package versions in ephemeral environments:
```
pipx run BINARY # latest version of binary is run with python3
pipx run --spec PACKAGE==2.0.0 BINARY # specific version of package is run
pipx run --python python3.10 BINARY # Installed and invoked with specific Python version
pipx run --python python3.9 --spec PACKAGE=1.7.3 BINARY
pipx run --spec git+https://url.git BINARY # latest version on default branch is run
pipx run --spec git+https://url.git@branch BINARY
pipx run --spec git+https://url.git@hash BINARY
pipx run pycowsay moo
pipx --version # prints pipx version
pipx run pycowsay --version # prints pycowsay version
pipx run --python pythonX pycowsay
pipx run pycowsay==2.0 --version
pipx run pycowsay[dev] --version
pipx run --spec git+https://github.com/psf/black.git black
pipx run --spec git+https://github.com/psf/black.git@branch-name black
pipx run --spec git+https://github.com/psf/black.git@git-hash black
pipx run --spec https://github.com/psf/black/archive/18.9b0.zip black --help
pipx run https://gist.githubusercontent.com/cs01/fa721a17a326e551ede048c5088f9e0f/raw/6bdfbb6e9c1132b1c38fdd2f195d4a24c540c324/pipx-demo.py
```
You can run local files, or scripts hosted on the internet, and you can run them with arguments:
```
pipx run test.py
pipx run test.py 1 2 3
pipx run https://example.com/test.py
pipx run https://example.com/test.py 1 2 3
```
A simple filename is ambiguous - it could be a file, or a package on PyPI. It will be treated as a filename if the file
exists, or as a package if not. To force interpretation as a local path, use `--path`, and to force interpretation as a
package name, use `--spec` (with the PyPI name of the package).
```
pipx run myscript.py # Local file, if myscript.py exists
pipx run doesnotexist.py # Package, because doesnotexist.py is not a local file
pipx run --path test.py # Always a local file
pipx run --spec test-py test.py # Always a package on PyPI
```
You can also run scripts that have dependencies:
If you have a script `test.py` that needs 3rd party libraries, you can add
[inline script metadata](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/inline-script-metadata/) in the style of
PEP 723.
```
# test.py
# /// script
# dependencies = ["requests"]
# ///
import sys
import requests
project = sys.argv[1]
pipx_data = requests.get(f"https://pypi.org/pypi/{project}/json").json()
print(pipx_data["info"]["version"])
```
Then you can run it as follows:
```
> pipx run test.py pipx
1.1.0
```
## `pipx inject` example
One use of the inject command is setting up a REPL with some useful extra packages.
```
> pipx install ptpython
> pipx inject ptpython requests pendulum
```
After running the above commands, you will be able to import and use the `requests` and `pendulum` packages inside a
`ptpython` repl.
Equivalently, the extra packages can be listed in a text file (e.g. `useful-packages.txt`). Each line is a separate
package specifier with the same syntax as the command line. Comments are supported with a `#` prefix. Hence, the syntax
is a strict subset of the pip [requirements file format][pip-requirements] syntax.
```
# Additional packages
requests
pendulum # for easier datetimes
```
This file can then be given to `pipx inject` on the command line:
```shell
> pipx inject ptpython --requirement useful-packages.txt
# or:
> pipx inject ptpython -r useful-packages.txt
```
Note that these options can be repeated and used together, e.g.
```
> pipx inject ptpython package-1 -r extra-packages-1.txt -r extra-packages-2.txt package-2
```
If you require full pip functionality, then use the `runpip` command instead; however, the installed packages won't be
recognised as "injected".
## `pipx list` example
```
> pipx list
venvs are in /Users/user/.local/pipx/venvs
binaries are exposed on your $PATH at /Users/user/.local/bin
package black 18.9b0, Python 3.10.0
- black
- blackd
package pipx 0.10.0, Python 3.10.0
- pipx
> pipx list --short
black 18.9b0
pipx 0.10.0
```
## `pipx install-all` example
```shell
> pipx list --json > pipx.json
> pipx install-all pipx.json
'black' already seems to be installed. Not modifying existing installation in '/usr/local/pipx/venvs/black'. Pass '--force' to force installation.
'pipx' already seems to be installed. Not modifying existing installation in '/usr/local/pipx/venvs/black'. Pass '--force' to force installation.
> pipx install-all pipx.json --force
Installing to existing venv 'black'
installed package black 24.3.0, installed using Python 3.10.12
These apps are now globally available
- black
- blackd
done! ✨ 🌟 ✨
Installing to existing venv 'pipx'
installed package pipx 1.4.3, installed using Python 3.10.12
These apps are now globally available
- pipx
done! ✨ 🌟 ✨
```
## `pipx upgrade-shared` examples
One use of the upgrade-shared command is to force a `pip` upgrade.
```shell
> pipx upgrade-shared
```
This example pins `pip` (temporarily, until the next automatic upgrade, if that is not explicitly turned off) to a
specific version.
```shell
> pipx upgrade-shared --pip-args=pip==24.0
```
## `pipx pin` examples
Pinning keeps an installation at its current version until you call `pipx unpin`.
Pin the entire environment (main package plus anything injected):
```shell
> pipx install httpie
> pipx pin httpie
> pipx list --pinned
httpie
```
Pin only injected packages so the main package can continue to receive upgrades:
```shell
> pipx inject poetry poetry-plugin-export poetry-plugin-app
> pipx pin poetry --injected-only
Pinned 2 packages in venv poetry
- poetry-plugin-export
- poetry-plugin-app
```
Skip selected injected packages when pinning:
```shell
> pipx inject pdm pdm-django pdm-pytorch
> pipx pin pdm --skip pdm-django
Pinned 1 packages in venv pdm
- pdm-pytorch
```
Unpin everything so upgrades resume:
```shell
> pipx unpin poetry
Unpinned 2 packages in venv poetry
- poetry
- poetry-plugin-export
- poetry-plugin-app
```
[pip-requirements]: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/requirements-file-format/
================================================
FILE: docs/reference/index.md
================================================
# Reference
Technical reference for pipx: CLI flags, environment variables, and runnable examples.
- [CLI Reference](cli.md) — auto-generated help text for every pipx command.
- [Examples](examples.md) — copy-paste command examples for install, run, inject, list, and more.
- [Programs to Try](programs-to-try.md) — Python applications worth installing with pipx.
- [Environment Variables](environment-variables.md) — every `PIPX_*` variable and what it controls.
================================================
FILE: docs/reference/programs-to-try.md
================================================
## Programs
Here are some programs you can try out. If you've never used the program before, make sure you add the `--help` flag so
it doesn't do something you don't expect. If you decide you want to install, you can run `pipx install PACKAGE` instead.
### ansible
IT automation
```
pipx install --include-deps ansible
```
### asciinema
Record and share your terminal sessions, the right way.
```
pipx run asciinema
```
### black
uncompromising Python code formatter
```
pipx run black
```
### pybabel
internationalizing and localizing Python applications
```
pipx run --spec=babel pybabel --help
```
### chardetect
detect file encoding
```
pipx run --spec=chardet chardetect --help
```
### cookiecutter
creates projects from project templates
```
pipx run cookiecutter
```
### create-python-package
easily create and publish new Python packages
```
pipx run create-python-package
```
### flake8
tool for style guide enforcement
```
pipx run flake8
```
### gdbgui
browser-based gdb debugger
```
pipx run gdbgui
```
### hatch
Python project manager that lets you build & publish packages, run tasks in environments and more
```
pipx run hatch
```
### hexsticker
create hexagon stickers automatically
```
pipx run hexsticker
```
### ipython
powerful interactive Python shell
```
pipx run ipython
```
### jupyter
web-based notebook environment for interactive computing
```
pipx run jupyter
```
### pipenv
python dependency/environment management
```
pipx run pipenv
```
### poetry
python dependency/environment/packaging management
```
pipx run poetry
```
### pylint
source code analyzer
```
pipx run pylint
```
### pyinstaller
bundles a Python application and all its dependencies into a single package
```
pipx run pyinstaller
```
### pyxtermjs
fully functional terminal in the browser
```
pipx run pyxtermjs
```
### ruff
An extremely fast Python linter
```
pipx run ruff
```
### shell-functools
Functional programming tools for the shell
```
pipx install shell-functools
```
================================================
FILE: docs/tutorial/getting-started.md
================================================
## Getting Started with pipx
This tutorial covers the core pipx workflow: installing an application, running it, and managing it. You need
[pipx installed](../how-to/install-pipx.md) before continuing.
### Install your first application
Pick a small package to try. `pycowsay` works well:
```
pipx install pycowsay
```
pipx creates an isolated virtual environment for `pycowsay`, installs it there, and links the `pycowsay` command into a
directory on your `PATH`. Run it from anywhere:
```
pycowsay "Hello, pipx!"
```
### List installed applications
```
pipx list
```
The output shows the virtual environment location, exposed commands, and the Python version each package uses.
### Run an application without installing
`pipx run` executes an application in a temporary environment and cleans up after itself:
```
pipx run pycowsay moooo!
```
### Upgrade an installed application
```
pipx upgrade pycowsay
```
Or upgrade everything at once:
```
pipx upgrade-all
```
### Uninstall an application
```
pipx uninstall pycowsay
```
pipx deletes the isolated environment and removes the command from your `PATH`.
### Next steps
Continue with the [install applications](install-applications.md) and [run applications](run-applications.md) tutorials
for a closer look at the two core commands. The [how-to guides](../how-to/index.md) cover tasks like injecting packages
and configuring paths. The full [CLI reference](../reference/cli.md) documents every flag.
================================================
FILE: docs/tutorial/index.md
================================================
# Tutorials
Step-by-step lessons that take you from zero to productive with pipx. Start from the top if you are new.
- [Getting Started](getting-started.md) — install your first application and learn the core commands.
- [Install Applications](install-applications.md) — `pipx install` with real examples.
- [Run Applications](run-applications.md) — `pipx run` for one-off execution in temporary environments.
================================================
FILE: docs/tutorial/install-applications.md
================================================
## Installing a Package and its Applications
Install an application with:
```
pipx install PACKAGE
```
pipx creates a virtual environment, installs the package, and adds its entry points to a location on your `PATH`.
`pipx install pycowsay` makes the `pycowsay` command available system-wide while sandboxing pycowsay in its own virtual
environment. No `sudo` required. To install for all users on the system, pass `--global` after the subcommand (see
[Configure Paths](../how-to/configure-paths.md#-global-argument)).
```
>> pipx install pycowsay
installed package pycowsay 2.0.3, Python 3.10.3
These apps are now globally available
- pycowsay
done! ✨ 🌟 ✨
>> pipx list
venvs are in /home/user/.local/share/pipx/venvs
apps are exposed on your $PATH at /home/user/.local/bin
package pycowsay 2.0.3, Python 3.10.3
- pycowsay
# Now you can run pycowsay from anywhere
>> pycowsay mooo
____
< mooo >
====
\
\
^__^
(oo)\_______
(__)\ )\/\
||----w |
|| ||
```
================================================
FILE: docs/tutorial/run-applications.md
================================================
## Running an Application in a Temporary Virtual Environment
`pipx run` downloads and runs Python applications in a one-time, temporary environment, then leaves your system
untouched. Use it to initialize a new project, check an app's help text, or try a tool without committing to an install.
The blog post [How to set up a perfect Python project](https://sourcery.ai/blog/python-best-practices/) uses `pipx run`
to kickstart a new project with [cookiecutter](https://github.com/cookiecutter/cookiecutter).
```
pipx run APP [ARGS...]
```
pipx installs the package in an isolated, temporary directory and invokes the app:
```
> pipx run pycowsay moo
---
< moo >
---
\ ^__^
\ (oo)\_______
(__)\ )\/\
||----w |
|| ||
```
Arguments after the application name pass straight through:
```
> pipx run pycowsay these arguments are all passed to pycowsay!
-------------------------------------------
< these arguments are all passed to pycowsay! >
-------------------------------------------
\ ^__^
\ (oo)\_______
(__)\ )\/\
||----w |
|| ||
```
pipx caches virtual environments per app for a few days. After they expire, pipx fetches the latest version.
### Ambiguous arguments
pipx can consume arguments meant for the application:
```
> pipx run pycowsay --py
usage: pipx run [-h] [--no-cache] [--pypackages] [--spec SPEC] [--verbose] [--python PYTHON]
[--system-site-packages] [--index-url INDEX_URL] [--editable] [--pip-args PIP_ARGS]
app ...
pipx run: error: ambiguous option: --py could match --pypackages, --python
```
Place `--` before the app name to forward all arguments verbatim:
```
> pipx run -- pycowsay --py
----
< --py >
----
\ ^__^
\ (oo)\_______
(__)\ )\/\
||----w |
|| ||
```
### App name differs from package name
Use `--spec` to specify the package and provide the app name separately:
```
pipx run --spec PACKAGE APP
```
The [esptool](https://github.com/espressif/esptool) package, for example, exposes executables with different names:
```
>> pipx run esptool
'esptool' executable script not found in package 'esptool'.
Available executable scripts:
esp_rfc2217_server.py - usage: 'pipx run --spec esptool esp_rfc2217_server.py [arguments?]'
espefuse.py - usage: 'pipx run --spec esptool espefuse.py [arguments?]'
espsecure.py - usage: 'pipx run --spec esptool espsecure.py [arguments?]'
esptool.py - usage: 'pipx run --spec esptool esptool.py [arguments?]'
```
Run them with `--spec`:
```
pipx run --spec esptool esptool.py
```
The `.py` is part of the executable name as declared by the package. The
[pymodbus](https://github.com/pymodbus-dev/pymodbus) package shows a similar pattern:
```
pipx run --spec pymodbus[repl] pymodbus.console
pipx run --spec pymodbus[repl] pymodbus.server
pipx run --spec pymodbus[repl] pymodbus.simulator
```
Package authors can avoid this `--spec` requirement by declaring a
[`pipx.run` entry point](../explanation/making-packages-compatible.md#the-pipxrun-entry-point-group) in their package
metadata.
================================================
FILE: get-pipx.py
================================================
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys
def fail(msg):
sys.stderr.write(msg + "\n")
sys.stderr.flush()
sys.exit(1)
def main():
fail(
"This installation method has been deprecated. "
"See https://github.com/pypa/pipx for current installation "
"instructions."
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
================================================
FILE: mkdocs.yml
================================================
site_name: pipx
site_description: execute binaries from Python packages in isolated environments
theme:
name: "material"
palette:
- media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
scheme: default
toggle:
icon: material/brightness-7
name: Switch to dark mode
- media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
scheme: slate
toggle:
icon: material/brightness-4
name: Switch to light mode
features:
- navigation.tabs
- navigation.tabs.sticky
- navigation.indexes
- toc.integrate
- content.tabs.link
- content.code.copy
repo_name: pypa/pipx
repo_url: https://github.com/pypa/pipx
edit_uri: edit/main/docs/
extra:
analytics:
provider: 'google'
property: 'UA-90243909-2'
nav:
- Home: "index.md"
- Tutorials:
- tutorial/index.md
- Getting Started: "tutorial/getting-started.md"
- Install Applications: "tutorial/install-applications.md"
- Run Applications: "tutorial/run-applications.md"
- How-to Guides:
- how-to/index.md
- Install pipx: "how-to/install-pipx.md"
- Upgrade pipx: "how-to/upgrade-pipx.md"
- Inject Packages: "how-to/inject-packages.md"
- Pin Packages: "how-to/pin-packages.md"
- Run Scripts: "how-to/run-scripts.md"
- Use with pre-commit: "how-to/use-with-pre-commit.md"
- Configure Paths: "how-to/configure-paths.md"
- Move Installation: "how-to/move-installation.md"
- Shell Completions: "how-to/shell-completions.md"
- Troubleshoot: "how-to/troubleshoot.md"
- Reference:
- reference/index.md
- CLI Reference: "reference/cli.md"
- Examples: "reference/examples.md"
- Programs to Try: "reference/programs-to-try.md"
- Environment Variables: "reference/environment-variables.md"
- Explanation:
- explanation/index.md
- How pipx Works: "explanation/how-pipx-works.md"
- Comparisons: "explanation/comparisons.md"
- Making Packages Compatible: "explanation/making-packages-compatible.md"
- Contributing: "contributing.md"
- Changelog: "changelog.md"
markdown_extensions:
- markdown_gfm_admonition # GitHub's admonition (alert) syntax
- footnotes
- pymdownx.superfences:
custom_fences:
- name: mermaid
class: mermaid
format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format
- pymdownx.tabbed:
alternate_style: true
plugins:
- search:
lang: en
- gen-files:
scripts:
- scripts/gen_doc_pages.py
- macros
exclude_docs: |
README.md
================================================
FILE: pyproject.toml
================================================
[build-system]
build-backend = "hatchling.build"
requires = [
"hatch-vcs>=0.4",
"hatchling>=1.27",
]
[project]
name = "pipx"
description = "Install and Run Python Applications in Isolated Environments"
readme = "docs/README.md"
keywords = [
"cli",
"install",
"pip",
"Virtual Environment",
"workflow",
]
license = "MIT"
license-files = [ "LICENSE" ]
authors = [
{ name = "Chad Smith", email = "chadsmith.software@gmail.com" },
]
requires-python = ">=3.9"
classifiers = [
"Operating System :: OS Independent",
"Programming Language :: Python",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
]
dynamic = [
"version",
]
dependencies = [
"argcomplete>=1.9.4",
"colorama>=0.4.4; sys_platform=='win32'",
"packaging>=20",
"platformdirs>=2.1",
"tomli; python_version<'3.11'",
"userpath>=1.6,!=1.9",
]
urls."Issue Tracker" = "https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues"
urls."Release Notes" = "https://pipx.pypa.io/latest/changelog/"
urls."Source Code" = "https://github.com/pypa/pipx"
urls.Documentation = "https://pipx.pypa.io"
urls.Homepage = "https://pipx.pypa.io"
scripts.pipx = "pipx.main:cli"
[dependency-groups]
dev = [
{ include-group = "docs" },
{ include-group = "lint" },
{ include-group = "man" },
{ include-group = "test" },
]
test = [
"pypiserver[cache,passlib]>=2.3.2",
"pytest>=8",
"pytest-cov>=4",
"pytest-mock>=3.11.1",
"pytest-xdist>=3.5",
"setuptools>=68; python_version>='3.12'",
"watchdog>=4",
]
docs = [
"jinja2",
"markdown-gfm-admonition",
"mkdocs<2",
"mkdocs-gen-files",
"mkdocs-macros-plugin",
"mkdocs-material",
"towncrier>=23.6",
]
lint = [
"pre-commit>=3",
]
man = [
"argparse-manpage[setuptools]",
]
zipapp = [
"shiv>=1.0.6",
]
[tool.hatch]
build.hooks.vcs.version-file = "src/pipx/version.py"
build.targets.sdist.include = [
"/src",
"/logo.png",
"/pipx_demo.gif",
"/*.md",
]
version.source = "vcs"
[tool.ruff]
line-length = 121
lint.extend-select = [
"A",
"B",
"C4",
"C9",
"I",
"ISC",
"PERF",
"PGH",
"PIE",
"PLC",
"PLE",
"PLW",
"RSE",
"RUF",
"TC",
"UP",
"W",
]
lint.ignore = [
"PERF203",
"PLW1508",
"RUF005",
]
lint.per-file-ignores."src/pipx/venv.py" = [
"A005",
]
lint.isort = { known-first-party = [
"helpers",
"package_info",
"pipx",
] }
lint.mccabe.max-complexity = 15
[tool.codespell]
# Ref: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell#using-a-config-file
skip = ".git,*.pdf,*.svg,.nox,testdata,.mypy_cache"
check-hidden = true
# case sensitive etc
ignore-regex = "\\b(UE|path/doesnt/exist)\\b"
[tool.mypy]
overrides = [ { module = [
"pycowsay.*",
], ignore_missing_imports = true } ]
warn_unreachable = true
enable_error_code = [ "ignore-without-code", "redundant-expr", "truthy-bool" ]
[tool.pytest]
ini_options.minversion = "8"
ini_options.log_cli_level = "INFO"
ini_options.markers = [
"all_packages: test install with maximum number of packages",
]
ini_options.testpaths = [ "tests" ]
ini_options.addopts = [ "-ra", "--strict-config", "--strict-markers" ]
[tool.towncrier]
directory = "changelog.d"
filename = "docs/changelog.md"
start_string = "\n"
underlines = [
"",
"",
"",
]
title_format = "## [{version}](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/tree/{version}) - {project_date}"
issue_format = "[#{issue}](https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/{issue})"
package = "pipx"
================================================
FILE: scripts/gen_doc_pages.py
================================================
import os
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from subprocess import check_output
from typing import Optional
import mkdocs_gen_files
from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader
def get_help(cmd: Optional[str]) -> str:
base = ["pipx"]
args = base + ([cmd] if cmd else []) + ["--help"]
env_patch = os.environ.copy()
env_patch["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([str(Path(sys.executable).parent)] + env_patch["PATH"].split(os.pathsep))
content = check_output(args, text=True, env=env_patch)
content = content.replace(str(Path("~").expanduser()), "~")
return f"""
```
{content}
```
"""
params = {
"install": get_help("install"),
"installall": get_help("install-all"),
"uninject": get_help("uninject"),
"inject": get_help("inject"),
"upgrade": get_help("upgrade"),
"upgradeall": get_help("upgrade-all"),
"upgradeshared": get_help("upgrade-shared"),
"uninstall": get_help("uninstall"),
"uninstallall": get_help("uninstall-all"),
"reinstall": get_help("reinstall"),
"reinstallall": get_help("reinstall-all"),
"list": get_help("list"),
"interpreter": get_help("interpreter"),
"run": get_help("run"),
"runpip": get_help("runpip"),
"ensurepath": get_help("ensurepath"),
"environment": get_help("environment"),
"completions": get_help("completions"),
"usage": get_help(None),
}
env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader(Path(__file__).parent / "templates"))
with mkdocs_gen_files.open("reference/cli.md", "wt") as file_handler:
file_handler.write(env.get_template("docs.md").render(**params))
file_handler.write("\n")
================================================
FILE: scripts/generate_man.py
================================================
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os.path
import sys
import textwrap
from typing import cast
from build_manpages.manpage import Manpage # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from pipx.main import get_command_parser
def main():
sys.argv[0] = "pipx"
parser, _ = get_command_parser()
parser.man_short_description = cast("str", parser.description).splitlines()[1] # type: ignore[attr-defined]
manpage = Manpage(parser)
body = str(manpage)
# Avoid hardcoding build paths in manpages (and improve readability)
body = body.replace(os.path.expanduser("~").replace("-", "\\-"), "~")
# Add a credit section
body += textwrap.dedent(
"""
.SH AUTHORS
.IR pipx (1)
was written by Chad Smith and contributors.
The project can be found online at
.UR https://pipx.pypa.io
.UE
.SH SEE ALSO
.IR pip (1),
.IR virtualenv (1)
"""
)
with open("pipx.1", "w") as f:
f.write(body)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
================================================
FILE: scripts/list_test_packages.py
================================================
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import argparse
import re
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
from test_packages_support import get_platform_list_path
def process_command_line(argv: list[str]) -> argparse.Namespace:
"""Process command line invocation arguments and switches.
Args:
argv: list of arguments, or `None` from ``sys.argv[1:]``.
Returns:
argparse.Namespace: named attributes of arguments and switches
"""
# script_name = argv[0]
argv = argv[1:]
# initialize the parser object:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description="Create list of needed test packages for pipx tests and local pypiserver."
)
# specifying nargs= puts outputs of parser in list (even if nargs=1)
# required arguments
parser.add_argument(
"primary_package_list",
help="Main packages to examine, getting list of matching distribution files and dependencies.",
)
parser.add_argument("package_list_dir", help="Directory to output package distribution lists.")
# switches/options:
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true", help="Maximum verbosity, especially for pip operations.")
return parser.parse_args(argv)
def parse_package_list(package_list_file: Path) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
output_list: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
try:
with package_list_file.open("r") as package_list_fh:
for line in package_list_fh:
line_parsed = re.sub(r"#.+$", "", line)
if not re.search(r"\S", line_parsed):
continue
line_list = line_parsed.strip().split()
if len(line_list) == 1:
output_list.append({"spec": line_list[0]})
elif len(line_list) == 2:
output_list.append({"spec": line_list[0], "no-deps": line_list[1].lower() == "true"})
else:
print(f"ERROR: Unable to parse primary package list line:\n {line.strip()}")
return []
except OSError:
print("ERROR: File problem reading primary package list.")
return []
return output_list
def create_test_packages_list(package_list_dir_path: Path, primary_package_list_path: Path, verbose: bool) -> int:
exit_code = 0
package_list_dir_path.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
platform_package_list_path = get_platform_list_path(package_list_dir_path)
primary_test_packages = parse_package_list(primary_package_list_path)
if not primary_test_packages:
print(f"ERROR: Problem reading {primary_package_list_path}. Exiting.", file=sys.stderr)
return 1
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=12) as pool:
futures = {pool.submit(download, pkg, verbose) for pkg in primary_test_packages}
downloaded_list = set()
for future in as_completed(futures):
downloaded_list.update(future.result())
all_packages = []
for downloaded_path in downloaded_list:
wheel_re = re.search(r"([^-]+)-([^-]+)-([^-]+)\-([^-]+)-([^-]+)(-[^-]+)?\.whl$", downloaded_path)
src_re = re.search(r"(.+)-([^-]+)\.(?:tar.gz|zip)$", downloaded_path)
if wheel_re:
package_name = wheel_re.group(1)
package_version = wheel_re.group(2)
elif src_re:
package_name = src_re.group(1)
package_version = src_re.group(2)
else:
print(f"ERROR: cannot parse: {downloaded_path}", file=sys.stderr)
continue
all_packages.append(f"{package_name}=={package_version}")
with platform_package_list_path.open("w") as package_list_fh:
for package in sorted(all_packages):
print(package, file=package_list_fh)
return exit_code
def download(test_package: dict[str, str], verbose: bool) -> set[str]:
no_deps = test_package.get("no-deps", False)
test_package_option_string = " (no-deps)" if no_deps else ""
verbose_this_iteration = False
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as download_dir:
cmd_list = ["pip", "download"] + (["--no-deps"] if no_deps else []) + [test_package["spec"], "-d", download_dir]
if verbose:
print(f"CMD: {' '.join(cmd_list)}")
pip_download_process = subprocess.run(cmd_list, capture_output=True, text=True, check=False)
if pip_download_process.returncode == 0:
print(f"Examined {test_package['spec']}{test_package_option_string}")
else:
print(f"ERROR with {test_package['spec']}{test_package_option_string}", file=sys.stderr)
verbose_this_iteration = True
if verbose or verbose_this_iteration:
print(pip_download_process.stdout)
print(pip_download_process.stderr)
return {i.name for i in Path(download_dir).iterdir()}
def main(argv: list[str]) -> int:
args = process_command_line(argv)
return create_test_packages_list(Path(args.package_list_dir), Path(args.primary_package_list), args.verbose)
if __name__ == "__main__":
try:
status = main(sys.argv)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("Stopped by Keyboard Interrupt", file=sys.stderr)
status = 130
sys.exit(status)
================================================
FILE: scripts/migrate_pipsi_to_pipx.py
================================================
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Script to migrate from pipsi to pipx
"""
import os
import subprocess
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from shutil import which
def main():
if not which("pipx"):
sys.exit("pipx must be installed to migrate from pipsi to pipx")
if not sys.stdout.isatty():
sys.exit("Must be run from a terminal, not a script")
pipsi_home = os.environ.get("PIPSI_HOME", os.path.expanduser("~/.local/venvs/"))
packages = [p.name for p in Path(pipsi_home).iterdir()]
if not packages:
print("No packages installed with pipsi")
sys.exit(0)
print("Attempting to migrate the following packages from pipsi to pipx:")
for package in packages:
print(f" - {package}")
answer = None
while answer not in ["y", "n"]:
answer = input("Continue? [y/n] ")
if answer == "n":
sys.exit(0)
error = False
for package in packages:
ret = subprocess.run(["pipsi", "uninstall", "--yes", package], check=False)
if ret.returncode:
error = True
print(f"Failed to uninstall {package!r} with pipsi. Not attempting to install with pipx.")
else:
print(f"uninstalled {package!r} with pipsi. Now attempting to install with pipx.")
ret = subprocess.run(["pipx", "install", package], check=False)
if ret.returncode:
error = True
print(f"Failed to install {package!r} with pipx.")
else:
print(f"Successfully installed {package} with pipx")
print(f"Done migrating {len(packages)} packages!")
print("You may still need to run `pipsi uninstall pipsi` or `pip uninstall pipsi`. Refer to pipsi's documentation.")
if error:
print("Note: Finished with errors. Review output to manually complete migration.")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
================================================
FILE: scripts/release.py
================================================
"""Handles creating a release."""
from __future__ import annotations
from pathlib import Path
from subprocess import call, check_call
from git import Commit, Remote, Repo, TagReference # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from packaging.version import Version
ROOT_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
CHANGELOG_DIR = ROOT_DIR / "changelog.d"
def main(version_str: str, *, push: bool) -> None:
repo = Repo(str(ROOT_DIR))
if repo.is_dirty():
msg = "Current repository is dirty. Please commit any changes and try again."
raise RuntimeError(msg)
remote = get_remote(repo)
remote.fetch()
version = resolve_version(version_str, repo)
print(f"Releasing {version}")
release_commit = release_changelog(repo, version)
tag = tag_release_commit(release_commit, repo, version)
if push:
print("Pushing release commit")
repo.git.push(remote.name, "HEAD:main")
print("Pushing release tag")
repo.git.push(remote.name, tag)
print("All done! ✨ 🍰 ✨")
def resolve_version(version_str: str, repo: Repo) -> Version:
if version_str not in {"auto", "major", "minor", "patch"}:
return Version(version_str)
latest_tag = repo.git.describe("--tags", "--abbrev=0")
parts = [int(x) for x in latest_tag.split(".")]
if version_str == "major":
parts = [parts[0] + 1, 0, 0]
elif version_str == "minor":
parts = [parts[0], parts[1] + 1, 0]
elif version_str == "patch":
parts[2] += 1
elif any(CHANGELOG_DIR.glob("*.feature.md")) or any(CHANGELOG_DIR.glob("*.removal.md")):
parts = [parts[0], parts[1] + 1, 0]
else:
parts[2] += 1
return Version(".".join(str(p) for p in parts))
def get_remote(repo: Repo) -> Remote:
upstream_remote = "pypa/pipx"
urls = set()
for remote in repo.remotes:
for url in remote.urls:
if url.rstrip(".git").endswith(upstream_remote):
return remote
urls.add(url)
msg = f"Could not find {upstream_remote} remote, has {urls}"
raise RuntimeError(msg)
def release_changelog(repo: Repo, version: Version) -> Commit:
print("Generating release commit")
check_call(["towncrier", "build", "--yes", "--version", version.public], cwd=str(ROOT_DIR))
call(["pre-commit", "run", "--all-files"], cwd=str(ROOT_DIR))
repo.git.add(".")
check_call(["pre-commit", "run", "--all-files"], cwd=str(ROOT_DIR))
return repo.index.commit(f"Release {version}")
def tag_release_commit(release_commit: Commit, repo: Repo, version: Version) -> TagReference:
print("Tagging release commit")
existing_tags = [x.name for x in repo.tags]
if str(version) in existing_tags:
print(f"Deleting existing tag {version}")
repo.delete_tag(str(version))
print(f"Creating tag {version}")
return repo.create_tag(str(version), ref=release_commit, force=True)
if __name__ == "__main__":
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="release")
parser.add_argument("--version", default="auto")
parser.add_argument("--no-push", action="store_true")
options = parser.parse_args()
main(options.version, push=not options.no_push)
================================================
FILE: scripts/templates/docs.md
================================================
{{usage}}
### pipx install
{{install}}
### pipx install-all
{{installall}}
### pipx uninject
{{uninject}}
### pipx inject
{{inject}}
### pipx upgrade
{{upgrade}}
### pipx upgrade-all
{{upgradeall}}
### pipx upgrade-shared
{{upgradeshared}}
### pipx uninstall
{{uninstall}}
### pipx uninstall-all
{{uninstallall}}
### pipx reinstall
{{reinstall}}
### pipx reinstall-all
{{reinstallall}}
### pipx list
{{list}}
### pipx interpreter
{{interpreter}}
### pipx run
{{run}}
### pipx runpip
{{runpip}}
### pipx ensurepath
{{ensurepath}}
### pipx environment
{{environment}}
### pipx completions
{{completions}}
================================================
FILE: scripts/test_packages_support.py
================================================
import platform
import sys
from pathlib import Path
PYTHON_VERSION_STR = f"{sys.version_info[0]}.{sys.version_info[1]}"
# Platform logic
if sys.platform == "darwin":
FULL_PLATFORM = "macos" + platform.release().split(".")[0]
elif sys.platform == "win32":
FULL_PLATFORM = "win"
else:
FULL_PLATFORM = "unix"
def get_platform_list_path(package_list_dir_path: Path) -> Path:
return package_list_dir_path / f"{FULL_PLATFORM}-python{PYTHON_VERSION_STR}.txt"
def get_platform_packages_dir_path(pipx_package_cache_path: Path) -> Path:
return pipx_package_cache_path / f"{PYTHON_VERSION_STR}"
================================================
FILE: scripts/update_package_cache.py
================================================
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import argparse
import re
import subprocess
import sys
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
from pathlib import Path
from list_test_packages import create_test_packages_list
from test_packages_support import get_platform_list_path, get_platform_packages_dir_path
def process_command_line(argv: list[str]) -> argparse.Namespace:
"""Process command line invocation arguments and switches.
Args:
argv: list of arguments, or `None` from ``sys.argv[1:]``.
Returns:
argparse.Namespace: named attributes of arguments and switches
"""
# script_name = argv[0]
argv = argv[1:]
# initialize the parser object:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description="Check and update as needed the pipx tests package cache "
"for use with the pipx tests local pypiserver."
)
# specifying nargs= puts outputs of parser in list (even if nargs=1)
# required arguments
parser.add_argument(
"package_list_dir",
help="Directory where platform- and python-specific package lists are found for pipx tests.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"pipx_package_cache_dir",
help="Directory to store the packages distribution files.",
)
# switches/options:
parser.add_argument(
"-c",
"--check-only",
action="store_true",
help="Only check to see if needed packages are in PACKAGES_DIR, do not download or delete files.",
)
return parser.parse_args(argv)
def update_test_packages_cache(package_list_dir_path: Path, pipx_package_cache_path: Path, check_only: bool) -> int:
exit_code = 0
platform_package_list_path = get_platform_list_path(package_list_dir_path)
packages_dir_path = get_platform_packages_dir_path(pipx_package_cache_path)
packages_dir_path.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
packages_dir_files = list(packages_dir_path.iterdir())
if not platform_package_list_path.exists():
print(
f"WARNING. File {platform_package_list_path!s}\n does not exist. Creating now...",
file=sys.stderr,
)
create_list_returncode = create_test_packages_list(
package_list_dir_path,
package_list_dir_path / "primary_packages.txt",
verbose=False,
)
if create_list_returncode == 0:
print(
f"File {platform_package_list_path!s}\n"
" successfully created. Please check this file in to the"
" repository for future use.",
file=sys.stderr,
)
else:
print(
f"ERROR. Unable to create {platform_package_list_path!s}\n Cannot continue.\n",
file=sys.stderr,
)
return 1
try:
platform_package_list_fh = platform_package_list_path.open("r")
except OSError:
print(
f"ERROR. File {platform_package_list_path!s}\n is not readable. Cannot continue.\n",
file=sys.stderr,
)
return 1
else:
platform_package_list_fh.close()
print("Using the following file to specify needed package files:")
print(f" {platform_package_list_path!s}")
print("Ensuring the following directory contains necessary package files:")
print(f" {packages_dir_path!s}")
packages_dir_hits = []
packages_dir_missing = []
with platform_package_list_path.open("r") as platform_package_list_fh:
for line in platform_package_list_fh:
package_spec = line.strip()
package_spec_re = re.search(r"^(.+)==(.+)$", package_spec)
if not package_spec_re:
print(f"ERROR: CANNOT PARSE {package_spec}", file=sys.stderr)
exit_code = 1
continue
package_name = package_spec_re.group(1)
package_ver = package_spec_re.group(2)
package_dist_patt = re.escape(package_name) + r"-" + re.escape(package_ver) + r"(.tar.gz|.zip|-)"
matches = [
output_dir_file
for output_dir_file in packages_dir_files
if re.search(package_dist_patt, output_dir_file.name)
]
if len(matches) == 1:
packages_dir_files.remove(matches[0])
packages_dir_hits.append(matches[0])
continue
elif len(matches) > 1:
print(f"ERROR: more than one match for {package_spec}.", file=sys.stderr)
print(f" {matches}", file=sys.stderr)
exit_code = 1
continue
packages_dir_missing.append(package_spec)
print(f"MISSING FILES: {len(packages_dir_missing)}")
print(f"EXISTING (found) FILES: {len(packages_dir_hits)}")
print(f"LEFTOVER (unused) FILES: {len(packages_dir_files)}")
if check_only:
return 0 if len(packages_dir_missing) == 0 else 1
else:
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as pool:
futures = {pool.submit(download, pkg, packages_dir_path) for pkg in packages_dir_missing}
for future in as_completed(futures):
exit_code = future.result() or exit_code
for unused_file in packages_dir_files:
print(f"Deleting {unused_file}...")
unused_file.unlink()
return exit_code
def download(package_spec: str, packages_dir_path: Path) -> int:
pip_download_process = subprocess.run(
[
sys.executable,
"-m",
"pip",
"download",
"--no-deps",
package_spec,
"-d",
str(packages_dir_path),
],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
check=False,
)
if pip_download_process.returncode == 0:
print(f"Successfully downloaded {package_spec}")
return 0
print(f"ERROR downloading {package_spec}", file=sys.stderr)
print(pip_download_process.stdout, file=sys.stderr)
print(pip_download_process.stderr, file=sys.stderr)
return 1
def main(argv: list[str]) -> int:
args = process_command_line(argv)
return update_test_packages_cache(Path(args.package_list_dir), Path(args.pipx_package_cache_dir), args.check_only)
if __name__ == "__main__":
try:
status = main(sys.argv)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("Stopped by Keyboard Interrupt", file=sys.stderr)
status = 130
sys.exit(status)
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/__init__.py
================================================
import sys
if sys.version_info < (3, 9, 0): # noqa: UP036
sys.exit("Python 3.9 or later is required. See https://github.com/pypa/pipx for installation instructions.")
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/__main__.py
================================================
import os
import sys
if not __spec__ or not __spec__.parent:
# Running from source. Add pipx's source code to the system
# path to allow direct invocation, such as:
# python src/pipx --help
pipx_package_source_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))
sys.path.insert(0, pipx_package_source_path)
from pipx.main import cli
if __name__ == "__main__":
sys.exit(cli())
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/animate.py
================================================
import logging
import shutil
import sys
from collections.abc import Generator
from contextlib import contextmanager
from threading import Event, Thread
from pipx.constants import WINDOWS
from pipx.emojis import EMOJI_SUPPORT
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
stderr_is_tty = bool(sys.stderr and sys.stderr.isatty())
CLEAR_LINE = "\033[K"
EMOJI_ANIMATION_FRAMES = ["⣷", "⣯", "⣟", "⡿", "⢿", "⣻", "⣽", "⣾"]
NONEMOJI_ANIMATION_FRAMES = ["", ".", "..", "..."]
EMOJI_FRAME_PERIOD = 0.1
NONEMOJI_FRAME_PERIOD = 1
MINIMUM_COLS_ALLOW_ANIMATION = 16
if WINDOWS:
import ctypes
class _CursorInfo(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = (("size", ctypes.c_int), ("visible", ctypes.c_byte))
def _env_supports_animation() -> bool:
(term_cols, _) = shutil.get_terminal_size(fallback=(0, 0))
return stderr_is_tty and term_cols > MINIMUM_COLS_ALLOW_ANIMATION
@contextmanager
def animate(message: str, do_animation: bool, *, delay: float = 0) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
pipx_logger = logging.getLogger("pipx")
handler_level = pipx_logger.handlers[0].level if pipx_logger.handlers else 0
if pipx_logger.handlers and handler_level > logging.WARNING:
yield
return
if not do_animation or not _env_supports_animation():
sys.stderr.write(f"{message}...\n")
yield
return
event = Event()
if EMOJI_SUPPORT:
animate_at_beginning_of_line = True
symbols = EMOJI_ANIMATION_FRAMES
period = EMOJI_FRAME_PERIOD
else:
animate_at_beginning_of_line = False
symbols = NONEMOJI_ANIMATION_FRAMES
period = NONEMOJI_FRAME_PERIOD
thread_kwargs = {
"message": message,
"event": event,
"symbols": symbols,
"delay": delay,
"period": period,
"animate_at_beginning_of_line": animate_at_beginning_of_line,
}
t = Thread(target=print_animation, kwargs=thread_kwargs)
t.start()
try:
yield
finally:
event.set()
clear_line()
def print_animation(
*,
message: str,
event: Event,
symbols: list[str],
delay: float,
period: float,
animate_at_beginning_of_line: bool,
) -> None:
(term_cols, _) = shutil.get_terminal_size(fallback=(9999, 24))
event.wait(delay)
while not event.wait(0):
for s in symbols:
if animate_at_beginning_of_line:
max_message_len = term_cols - len(f"{s} ... ")
cur_line = f"{s} {message:.{max_message_len}}"
if len(message) > max_message_len:
cur_line += "..."
else:
max_message_len = term_cols - len("... ")
cur_line = f"{message:.{max_message_len}}{s}"
clear_line()
sys.stderr.write(cur_line)
sys.stderr.flush()
if event.wait(period):
break
# for Windows pre-ANSI-terminal-support (before Windows 10 TH2 (v1511))
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/10455937
def win_cursor(visible: bool) -> None:
if sys.platform != "win32": # hello mypy
return
ci = _CursorInfo() # type: ignore[unreachable]
handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(-11)
ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, ctypes.byref(ci))
ci.visible = visible
ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, ctypes.byref(ci))
def hide_cursor() -> None:
if stderr_is_tty:
if WINDOWS:
win_cursor(visible=False)
else:
sys.stderr.write("\033[?25l")
sys.stderr.flush()
def show_cursor() -> None:
if stderr_is_tty:
if WINDOWS:
win_cursor(visible=True)
else:
sys.stderr.write("\033[?25h")
sys.stderr.flush()
def clear_line() -> None:
"""Clears current line and positions cursor at start of line"""
sys.stderr.write(f"\r{CLEAR_LINE}")
sys.stdout.write(f"\r{CLEAR_LINE}")
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/colors.py
================================================
import sys
from typing import Callable
try:
import colorama # type: ignore[import-untyped]
except ImportError: # Colorama is Windows only package
colorama = None
PRINT_COLOR = bool(sys.stdout and sys.stdout.isatty())
if PRINT_COLOR and colorama:
colorama.init()
class c:
header = "\033[95m"
blue = "\033[94m"
green = "\033[92m"
yellow = "\033[93m"
red = "\033[91m"
bold = "\033[1m"
cyan = "\033[96m"
underline = "\033[4m"
end = "\033[0m"
def mkcolorfunc(style: str) -> Callable[[str], str]:
def stylize_text(x: str) -> str:
if PRINT_COLOR:
return f"{style}{x}{c.end}"
else:
return x
return stylize_text
bold = mkcolorfunc(c.bold)
red = mkcolorfunc(c.red)
blue = mkcolorfunc(c.cyan)
cyan = mkcolorfunc(c.blue)
green = mkcolorfunc(c.green)
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/commands/__init__.py
================================================
from pipx.commands.ensure_path import ensure_pipx_paths
from pipx.commands.environment import environment
from pipx.commands.inject import inject
from pipx.commands.install import install, install_all
from pipx.commands.interpreter import list_interpreters, prune_interpreters, upgrade_interpreters
from pipx.commands.list_packages import list_packages
from pipx.commands.pin import pin, unpin
from pipx.commands.reinstall import reinstall, reinstall_all
from pipx.commands.run import run
from pipx.commands.run_pip import run_pip
from pipx.commands.uninject import uninject
from pipx.commands.uninstall import uninstall, uninstall_all
from pipx.commands.upgrade import upgrade, upgrade_all, upgrade_shared
__all__ = [
"ensure_pipx_paths",
"environment",
"inject",
"install",
"install_all",
"list_interpreters",
"list_packages",
"pin",
"prune_interpreters",
"reinstall",
"reinstall_all",
"run",
"run_pip",
"uninject",
"uninstall",
"uninstall_all",
"unpin",
"upgrade",
"upgrade_all",
"upgrade_interpreters",
"upgrade_shared",
]
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/commands/common.py
================================================
import filecmp
import logging
import os
import shlex
import shutil
import sys
import tempfile
import time
from pathlib import Path
from shutil import which
from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
from typing import Optional
import userpath # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
from pipx import paths
from pipx.colors import bold, red
from pipx.constants import MAN_SECTIONS, WINDOWS
from pipx.emojis import hazard, stars
from pipx.package_specifier import parse_specifier_for_install, valid_pypi_name
from pipx.pipx_metadata_file import PackageInfo
from pipx.util import PipxError, mkdir, pipx_wrap, rmdir, safe_unlink
from pipx.venv import Venv
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class VenvProblems:
def __init__(
self,
bad_venv_name: bool = False,
invalid_interpreter: bool = False,
missing_metadata: bool = False,
not_installed: bool = False,
) -> None:
self.bad_venv_name = bad_venv_name
self.invalid_interpreter = invalid_interpreter
self.missing_metadata = missing_metadata
self.not_installed = not_installed
def any_(self) -> bool:
return any(self.__dict__.values())
def or_(self, venv_problems: "VenvProblems") -> None:
for attribute in self.__dict__:
setattr(
self,
attribute,
getattr(self, attribute) or getattr(venv_problems, attribute),
)
def expose_resources_globally(
resource_type: str,
local_resource_dir: Path,
paths: list[Path],
*,
force: bool,
suffix: str = "",
) -> None:
for path in paths:
src = path.resolve()
if resource_type == "man":
dest_dir = local_resource_dir / src.parent.name
else:
dest_dir = local_resource_dir
if not dest_dir.is_dir():
mkdir(dest_dir)
if not can_symlink(dest_dir):
_copy_package_resource(dest_dir, path, suffix=suffix)
else:
_symlink_package_resource(
dest_dir,
path,
force=force,
suffix=suffix,
executable=(resource_type == "app"),
)
_can_symlink_cache: dict[Path, bool] = {}
def can_symlink(local_resource_dir: Path) -> bool:
if not WINDOWS:
# Technically, even on Unix this depends on the filesystem
return True
if local_resource_dir not in _can_symlink_cache:
with TemporaryDirectory(dir=local_resource_dir) as d:
p = Path(d)
target = p / "a"
target.touch()
lnk = p / "b"
try:
lnk.symlink_to(target)
_can_symlink_cache[local_resource_dir] = True
except (OSError, NotImplementedError):
_can_symlink_cache[local_resource_dir] = False
return _can_symlink_cache[local_resource_dir]
def _copy_package_resource(dest_dir: Path, path: Path, suffix: str = "") -> None:
src = path.resolve()
name = src.name
dest = Path(dest_dir / add_suffix(name, suffix))
if not dest.parent.is_dir():
mkdir(dest.parent)
if dest.exists():
if filecmp.cmp(dest, src, shallow=False):
return
logger.warning(f"{hazard} Overwriting file {dest!s} with {src!s}")
safe_unlink(dest)
if src.exists():
shutil.copy(src, dest)
def _symlink_package_resource(
dest_dir: Path,
path: Path,
*,
force: bool,
suffix: str = "",
executable: bool = False,
) -> None:
name_suffixed = add_suffix(path.name, suffix)
symlink_path = Path(dest_dir / name_suffixed)
if not symlink_path.parent.is_dir():
mkdir(symlink_path.parent)
if force:
logger.info(f"Force is true. Removing {symlink_path!s}.")
try:
symlink_path.unlink()
except (FileNotFoundError, RuntimeError):
pass
except IsADirectoryError:
rmdir(symlink_path)
exists = symlink_path.exists()
is_symlink = symlink_path.is_symlink()
if exists:
if symlink_path.samefile(path):
logger.info(f"Same path {symlink_path!s} and {path!s}")
else:
logger.warning(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{hazard} File exists at {symlink_path!s} and points
to {symlink_path.resolve()}, not {path!s}. Not
modifying.
""",
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
return
if is_symlink and not exists:
logger.info(f"Removing existing symlink {symlink_path!s} since it pointed non-existent location")
symlink_path.unlink()
if executable:
existing_executable_on_path = which(name_suffixed)
else:
existing_executable_on_path = None
symlink_path.symlink_to(path)
if executable and existing_executable_on_path:
logger.warning(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{hazard} Note: {name_suffixed} was already on your
PATH at {existing_executable_on_path}
""",
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
def venv_health_check(venv: Venv, package_name: Optional[str] = None) -> tuple[VenvProblems, str]:
venv_dir = venv.root
python_path = venv.python_path.resolve()
if package_name is None:
package_name = venv.main_package_name
if not python_path.is_file():
return (
VenvProblems(invalid_interpreter=True),
f" package {red(bold(venv_dir.name))} has invalid interpreter {python_path!s}\r{hazard}",
)
if not venv.package_metadata:
return (
VenvProblems(missing_metadata=True),
f" package {red(bold(venv_dir.name))} has missing internal pipx metadata.\r{hazard}",
)
if venv_dir.name != canonicalize_name(venv_dir.name):
return (
VenvProblems(bad_venv_name=True),
f" package {red(bold(venv_dir.name))} needs its internal data updated.\r{hazard}",
)
if venv.package_metadata[package_name].package_version == "":
return (
VenvProblems(not_installed=True),
f" package {red(bold(package_name))} {red('is not installed')} in the venv {venv_dir.name}\r{hazard}",
)
return (VenvProblems(), "")
def get_venv_summary(
venv_dir: Path,
*,
package_name: Optional[str] = None,
new_install: bool = False,
include_injected: bool = False,
) -> tuple[str, VenvProblems]:
venv = Venv(venv_dir)
if package_name is None:
package_name = venv.main_package_name
(venv_problems, warning_message) = venv_health_check(venv, package_name)
if venv_problems.any_():
return (warning_message, venv_problems)
package_metadata = venv.package_metadata[package_name]
apps = package_metadata.apps
man_pages = package_metadata.man_pages
if package_metadata.include_dependencies:
apps += package_metadata.apps_of_dependencies
man_pages += package_metadata.man_pages_of_dependencies
exposed_app_paths = get_exposed_paths_for_package(
venv.bin_path,
paths.ctx.bin_dir,
[add_suffix(app, package_metadata.suffix) for app in apps],
)
exposed_binary_names = sorted(p.name for p in exposed_app_paths)
unavailable_binary_names = sorted(
{add_suffix(name, package_metadata.suffix) for name in package_metadata.apps} - set(exposed_binary_names)
)
exposed_man_paths = set()
for man_section in MAN_SECTIONS:
exposed_man_paths |= get_exposed_man_paths_for_package(
venv.man_path / man_section,
paths.ctx.man_dir / man_section,
man_pages,
)
exposed_man_pages = sorted(str(Path(p.parent.name) / p.name) for p in exposed_man_paths)
unavailable_man_pages = sorted(set(package_metadata.man_pages) - set(exposed_man_pages))
# The following is to satisfy mypy that python_version is str and not
# Optional[str]
python_version = venv.pipx_metadata.python_version if venv.pipx_metadata.python_version is not None else ""
source_interpreter = venv.pipx_metadata.source_interpreter
is_standalone = (
str(source_interpreter).startswith(str(paths.ctx.standalone_python_cachedir.resolve()))
if source_interpreter
else False
)
return (
_get_list_output(
python_version,
is_standalone,
package_metadata.package_version,
package_name,
new_install,
exposed_binary_names,
unavailable_binary_names,
exposed_man_pages,
unavailable_man_pages,
venv.pipx_metadata.injected_packages if include_injected else None,
suffix=package_metadata.suffix,
),
venv_problems,
)
def get_exposed_paths_for_package(
venv_resource_path: Path,
local_resource_dir: Path,
package_resource_names: Optional[list[str]] = None,
) -> set[Path]:
# package_binary_names is used only if local_bin_path cannot use symlinks.
# It is necessary for non-symlink systems to return valid app_paths.
if package_resource_names is None:
package_resource_names = []
if not local_resource_dir.exists():
return set()
symlinks = set()
for b in local_resource_dir.iterdir():
try:
# sometimes symlinks can resolve to a file of a different name
# (in the case of ansible for example) so checking the resolved paths
# is not a reliable way to determine if the symlink exists.
# We always use the stricter check on non-Windows systems. On
# Windows, we use a less strict check if we don't have a symlink.
is_same_file = False
if can_symlink(local_resource_dir) and b.is_symlink():
is_same_file = b.resolve().parent.samefile(venv_resource_path)
elif not can_symlink(local_resource_dir):
is_same_file = b.name in package_resource_names
if is_same_file:
symlinks.add(b)
except (FileNotFoundError, RuntimeError):
pass
return symlinks
def get_exposed_man_paths_for_package(
venv_man_path: Path,
local_man_dir: Path,
package_man_pages: Optional[list[str]] = None,
) -> set[Path]:
man_section = venv_man_path.name
prefix = man_section + os.sep
return get_exposed_paths_for_package(
venv_man_path,
local_man_dir,
[name.removeprefix(prefix) for name in package_man_pages or [] if name.startswith(prefix)],
)
def _get_list_output(
python_version: str,
python_is_standalone: bool,
package_version: str,
package_name: str,
new_install: bool,
exposed_binary_names: list[str],
unavailable_binary_names: list[str],
exposed_man_pages: list[str],
unavailable_man_pages: list[str],
injected_packages: Optional[dict[str, PackageInfo]] = None,
suffix: str = "",
) -> str:
output = []
suffix = f" ({bold(shlex.quote(package_name + suffix))})" if suffix else ""
output.append(
f" {'installed' if new_install else ''} package {bold(shlex.quote(package_name))}"
f" {bold(package_version)}{suffix}, installed using {python_version}"
+ (" (standalone)" if python_is_standalone else "")
)
if new_install and (exposed_binary_names or unavailable_binary_names):
output.append(" These apps are now available")
output.extend(f" - {name}" for name in exposed_binary_names)
output.extend(
f" - {red(name)} (symlink missing or pointing to unexpected location)" for name in unavailable_binary_names
)
if new_install and (exposed_man_pages or unavailable_man_pages):
output.append(" These manual pages are now available")
output.extend(f" - {name}" for name in exposed_man_pages)
output.extend(
f" - {red(name)} (symlink missing or pointing to unexpected location)" for name in unavailable_man_pages
)
if injected_packages:
output.append(" Injected Packages:")
output.extend(f" - {name} {injected_packages[name].package_version}" for name in injected_packages)
return "\n".join(output)
def package_name_from_spec(package_spec: str, python: str, *, pip_args: list[str], verbose: bool) -> str:
start_time = time.time()
# shortcut if valid PyPI name
pypi_name = valid_pypi_name(package_spec)
if pypi_name is not None:
# NOTE: if pypi name and installed package name differ, this means pipx
# will use the pypi name
package_name = pypi_name
logger.info(f"Determined package name: {package_name}")
logger.info(f"Package name determined in {time.time() - start_time:.1f}s")
return package_name
# check syntax and clean up spec and pip_args
(package_spec, pip_args) = parse_specifier_for_install(package_spec, pip_args)
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_venv_dir:
venv = Venv(Path(temp_venv_dir), python=python, verbose=verbose)
venv.create_venv(venv_args=[], pip_args=[])
package_name = venv.install_package_no_deps(package_or_url=package_spec, pip_args=pip_args)
logger.info(f"Package name determined in {time.time() - start_time:.1f}s")
return package_name
def run_post_install_actions(
venv: Venv,
package_name: str,
local_bin_dir: Path,
local_man_dir: Path,
venv_dir: Path,
include_dependencies: bool,
*,
force: bool,
) -> None:
package_metadata = venv.package_metadata[package_name]
display_name = f"{package_name}{package_metadata.suffix}"
if (
not venv.main_package_name == package_name
and venv.package_metadata[venv.main_package_name].suffix == package_metadata.suffix
):
package_name = display_name
if not package_metadata.apps:
if not package_metadata.apps_of_dependencies:
if venv.safe_to_remove():
venv.remove_venv()
raise PipxError(
f"""
No apps associated with package {display_name} or its
dependencies. If you are attempting to install a library, pipx
should not be used. Consider using pip or a similar tool instead.
"""
)
if package_metadata.apps_of_dependencies and not include_dependencies:
for (
dep,
dependent_apps,
) in package_metadata.app_paths_of_dependencies.items():
print(f"Note: Dependent package '{dep}' contains {len(dependent_apps)} apps")
for app in dependent_apps:
print(f" - {app.name}")
if venv.safe_to_remove():
venv.remove_venv()
raise PipxError(
f"""
No apps associated with package {display_name}. Try again
with '--include-deps' to include apps of dependent packages,
which are listed above. If you are attempting to install a
library, pipx should not be used. Consider using pip or a
similar tool instead.
"""
)
expose_resources_globally(
"app",
local_bin_dir,
package_metadata.app_paths,
force=force,
suffix=package_metadata.suffix,
)
expose_resources_globally("man", local_man_dir, package_metadata.man_paths, force=force)
if include_dependencies:
for app_paths in package_metadata.app_paths_of_dependencies.values():
expose_resources_globally(
"app",
local_bin_dir,
app_paths,
force=force,
suffix=package_metadata.suffix,
)
for man_paths in package_metadata.man_paths_of_dependencies.values():
expose_resources_globally("man", local_man_dir, man_paths, force=force)
package_summary, _ = get_venv_summary(venv_dir, package_name=package_name, new_install=True)
pipx_logger = logging.getLogger("pipx")
if not pipx_logger.handlers or pipx_logger.handlers[0].level <= logging.WARNING:
print(package_summary)
warn_if_not_on_path(local_bin_dir)
print(f"done! {stars}", file=sys.stderr)
def warn_if_not_on_path(local_bin_dir: Path) -> None:
if not userpath.in_current_path(str(local_bin_dir)):
logger.warning(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{hazard} Note: '{local_bin_dir}' is not on your PATH
environment variable. These apps will not be globally
accessible until your PATH is updated. Run `pipx ensurepath` to
automatically add it, or manually modify your PATH in your
shell's config file (e.g. ~/.bashrc).
""",
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
def add_suffix(name: str, suffix: str) -> str:
"""Add suffix to app."""
app = Path(name)
return f"{app.stem}{suffix}{app.suffix}"
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/commands/ensure_path.py
================================================
import logging
import site
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional
import userpath # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from pipx import paths
from pipx.constants import EXIT_CODE_OK, ExitCode
from pipx.emojis import hazard, stars
from pipx.util import pipx_wrap
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def get_pipx_user_bin_path() -> Optional[Path]:
"""Returns None if pipx is not installed using `pip --user`
Otherwise returns parent dir of pipx binary
"""
# NOTE: using this method to detect pip user-installed pipx will return
# None if pipx was installed as editable using `pip install --user -e`
# https://docs.python.org/3/install/index.html#inst-alt-install-user
# Linux + Mac:
# scripts in /bin
# Windows:
# scripts in /Python/Scripts
# modules in /Python/site-packages
pipx_bin_path = None
script_path = Path(__file__).resolve()
userbase_path = Path(site.getuserbase()).resolve()
try:
_ = script_path.relative_to(userbase_path)
except ValueError:
pip_user_installed = False
else:
pip_user_installed = True
if pip_user_installed:
test_paths = (
userbase_path / "bin" / "pipx",
Path(site.getusersitepackages()).resolve().parent / "Scripts" / "pipx.exe",
)
for test_path in test_paths:
if test_path.exists():
pipx_bin_path = test_path.parent
break
return pipx_bin_path
def ensure_path(location: Path, *, force: bool, prepend: bool = False, all_shells: bool = False) -> tuple[bool, bool]:
"""Ensure location is in user's PATH or add it to PATH.
If prepend is True, location will be prepended to PATH, else appended.
Returns True if location was added to PATH
"""
location_str = str(location)
path_added = False
need_shell_restart = userpath.need_shell_restart(location_str)
in_current_path = userpath.in_current_path(location_str)
if force or (not in_current_path and not need_shell_restart):
if prepend:
path_added = userpath.prepend(location_str, "pipx", all_shells=all_shells)
else:
path_added = userpath.append(location_str, "pipx", all_shells=all_shells)
if not path_added:
print(
pipx_wrap(
f"{hazard} {location_str} is not added to the PATH environment variable successfully. "
f"You may need to add it to PATH manually.",
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
else:
print(
pipx_wrap(
f"Success! Added {location_str} to the PATH environment variable.",
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
need_shell_restart = userpath.need_shell_restart(location_str)
elif not in_current_path and need_shell_restart:
print(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{location_str} has been added to PATH, but you need to
open a new terminal or re-login for this PATH change to take
effect. Alternatively, you can source your shell's config file
with e.g. 'source ~/.bashrc'.
""",
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
else:
print(pipx_wrap(f"{location_str} is already in PATH.", subsequent_indent=" " * 4))
return (path_added, need_shell_restart)
def ensure_pipx_paths(force: bool, prepend: bool = False, all_shells: bool = False) -> ExitCode:
"""Returns pipx exit code."""
bin_paths = {paths.ctx.bin_dir}
pipx_user_bin_path = get_pipx_user_bin_path()
if pipx_user_bin_path is not None:
bin_paths.add(pipx_user_bin_path)
path_added = False
need_shell_restart = False
path_action_str = "prepended to" if prepend else "appended to"
for bin_path in bin_paths:
(path_added_current, need_shell_restart_current) = ensure_path(
bin_path, prepend=prepend, force=force, all_shells=all_shells
)
path_added |= path_added_current
need_shell_restart |= need_shell_restart_current
print()
if path_added:
print(
pipx_wrap(
"""
Consider adding shell completions for pipx. Run 'pipx
completions' for instructions.
"""
)
+ "\n"
)
elif not need_shell_restart:
sys.stdout.flush()
logger.warning(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{hazard} All pipx binary directories have been {path_action_str} PATH. If you
are sure you want to proceed, try again with the '--force'
flag.
"""
)
+ "\n"
)
if need_shell_restart:
print(
pipx_wrap(
"""
You will need to open a new terminal or re-login for the PATH
changes to take effect. Alternatively, you can source your shell's
config file with e.g. 'source ~/.bashrc'.
"""
)
+ "\n"
)
print(f"Otherwise pipx is ready to go! {stars}")
return EXIT_CODE_OK
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/commands/environment.py
================================================
import os
from pipx import paths
from pipx.constants import EXIT_CODE_OK, ExitCode
from pipx.emojis import EMOJI_SUPPORT
from pipx.interpreter import DEFAULT_PYTHON
from pipx.util import PipxError
ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES = [
"PIPX_HOME",
"PIPX_GLOBAL_HOME",
"PIPX_BIN_DIR",
"PIPX_GLOBAL_BIN_DIR",
"PIPX_MAN_DIR",
"PIPX_GLOBAL_MAN_DIR",
"PIPX_SHARED_LIBS",
"PIPX_DEFAULT_PYTHON",
"PIPX_FETCH_MISSING_PYTHON",
"PIPX_USE_EMOJI",
"PIPX_HOME_ALLOW_SPACE",
]
DERIVED_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES = [
"PIPX_LOCAL_VENVS",
"PIPX_LOG_DIR",
"PIPX_TRASH_DIR",
"PIPX_VENV_CACHEDIR",
"PIPX_STANDALONE_PYTHON_CACHEDIR",
]
ENVIRONMENT_VALUE_CHOICES = ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES + DERIVED_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES
def environment(value: str) -> ExitCode:
"""Print a list of environment variables and paths used by pipx"""
derived_values = {
"PIPX_HOME": paths.ctx.home,
"PIPX_BIN_DIR": paths.ctx.bin_dir,
"PIPX_MAN_DIR": paths.ctx.man_dir,
"PIPX_SHARED_LIBS": paths.ctx.shared_libs,
"PIPX_LOCAL_VENVS": paths.ctx.venvs,
"PIPX_LOG_DIR": paths.ctx.logs,
"PIPX_TRASH_DIR": paths.ctx.trash,
"PIPX_VENV_CACHEDIR": paths.ctx.venv_cache,
"PIPX_STANDALONE_PYTHON_CACHEDIR": paths.ctx.standalone_python_cachedir,
"PIPX_DEFAULT_PYTHON": DEFAULT_PYTHON,
"PIPX_USE_EMOJI": str(EMOJI_SUPPORT).lower(),
"PIPX_HOME_ALLOW_SPACE": str(paths.ctx.allow_spaces_in_home_path).lower(),
}
if value is None:
print("Environment variables (set by user):") # type: ignore[unreachable]
print("")
for env_variable in ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES:
env_value = os.getenv(env_variable, "")
print(f"{env_variable}={env_value}")
print("")
print("Derived values (computed by pipx):")
print("")
for env_variable, derived_value in derived_values.items():
print(f"{env_variable}={derived_value}")
elif value in derived_values:
print(derived_values[value])
else:
raise PipxError("Variable not found.")
return EXIT_CODE_OK
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/commands/inject.py
================================================
import logging
import os
import re
import sys
from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional, Union
from pipx import paths
from pipx.colors import bold
from pipx.commands.common import package_name_from_spec, run_post_install_actions
from pipx.constants import EXIT_CODE_INJECT_ERROR, EXIT_CODE_OK, ExitCode
from pipx.emojis import hazard, stars
from pipx.util import PipxError, pipx_wrap
from pipx.venv import Venv
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
COMMENT_RE = re.compile(r"(^|\s+)#.*$")
def inject_dep(
venv_dir: Path,
package_name: Optional[str],
package_spec: str,
pip_args: list[str],
*,
verbose: bool,
include_apps: bool,
include_dependencies: bool,
force: bool,
suffix: bool = False,
) -> bool:
logger.debug("Injecting package %s", package_spec)
if not venv_dir.exists() or next(venv_dir.iterdir(), None) is None:
raise PipxError(
f"""
Can't inject {package_spec!r} into nonexistent Virtual Environment
{venv_dir.name!r}. Be sure to install the package first with 'pipx
install {venv_dir.name}' before injecting into it.
"""
)
venv = Venv(venv_dir, verbose=verbose)
venv.check_upgrade_shared_libs(pip_args=pip_args, verbose=verbose)
if not venv.package_metadata:
raise PipxError(
f"""
Can't inject {package_spec!r} into Virtual Environment
{venv.name!r}. {venv.name!r} has missing internal pipx metadata. It
was likely installed using a pipx version before 0.15.0.0. Please
uninstall and install {venv.name!r}, or reinstall-all to fix.
"""
)
# package_spec is anything pip-installable, including package_name, vcs spec,
# zip file, or tar.gz file.
if package_name is None:
package_name = package_name_from_spec(
package_spec,
os.fspath(venv.python_path),
pip_args=pip_args,
verbose=verbose,
)
if not force and venv.has_package(package_name):
logger.info("Package %s has already been injected", package_name)
print(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{hazard} {package_name} already seems to be injected in {venv.name!r}.
Not modifying existing installation in '{venv_dir}'.
Pass '--force' to force installation.
"""
)
)
return True
if suffix:
venv_suffix = venv.package_metadata[venv.main_package_name].suffix
else:
venv_suffix = ""
venv.install_package(
package_name=package_name,
package_or_url=package_spec,
pip_args=pip_args,
include_dependencies=include_dependencies,
include_apps=include_apps,
is_main_package=False,
suffix=venv_suffix,
)
if include_apps:
run_post_install_actions(
venv,
package_name,
paths.ctx.bin_dir,
paths.ctx.man_dir,
venv_dir,
include_dependencies,
force=force,
)
print(f" injected package {bold(package_name)} into venv {bold(venv.name)}")
print(f"done! {stars}", file=sys.stderr)
# Any failure to install will raise PipxError, otherwise success
return True
def inject(
venv_dir: Path,
package_specs: Iterable[str],
requirement_files: Iterable[str],
pip_args: list[str],
*,
verbose: bool,
include_apps: bool,
include_dependencies: bool,
force: bool,
suffix: bool = False,
) -> ExitCode:
"""Returns pipx exit code."""
# Combined collection of package specifications
packages = list(package_specs)
for filename in requirement_files:
packages.extend(parse_requirements(filename))
# Remove duplicates and order deterministically
packages = sorted(set(packages))
if not packages:
raise PipxError("No packages have been specified.")
logger.info("Injecting packages: %r", packages)
# Inject packages
if not include_apps and include_dependencies:
include_apps = True
all_success = True
for dep in packages:
all_success &= inject_dep(
venv_dir,
package_name=None,
package_spec=dep,
pip_args=pip_args,
verbose=verbose,
include_apps=include_apps,
include_dependencies=include_dependencies,
force=force,
suffix=suffix,
)
# Any failure to install will raise PipxError, otherwise success
return EXIT_CODE_OK if all_success else EXIT_CODE_INJECT_ERROR
def parse_requirements(filename: Union[str, os.PathLike]) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
"""
Extract package specifications from requirements file.
Return all of the non-empty lines with comments removed.
"""
# Based on https://github.com/pypa/pip/blob/main/src/pip/_internal/req/req_file.py
with open(filename) as f:
for line in f:
# Strip comments and filter empty lines
if pkgspec := COMMENT_RE.sub("", line).strip():
yield pkgspec
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/commands/install.py
================================================
import json
import sys
from collections.abc import Iterator
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional
from pipx import commands, paths
from pipx.commands.common import package_name_from_spec, run_post_install_actions
from pipx.constants import (
EXIT_CODE_INSTALL_VENV_EXISTS,
EXIT_CODE_OK,
ExitCode,
)
from pipx.emojis import sleep
from pipx.interpreter import DEFAULT_PYTHON
from pipx.pipx_metadata_file import PackageInfo, PipxMetadata, _json_decoder_object_hook
from pipx.util import PipxError, pipx_wrap
from pipx.venv import Venv, VenvContainer
def install(
venv_dir: Optional[Path],
package_names: Optional[list[str]],
package_specs: list[str],
local_bin_dir: Path,
local_man_dir: Path,
python: Optional[str],
pip_args: list[str],
venv_args: list[str],
verbose: bool,
*,
force: bool,
reinstall: bool,
include_dependencies: bool,
preinstall_packages: Optional[list[str]],
suffix: str = "",
python_flag_passed=False,
) -> ExitCode:
"""Returns pipx exit code."""
# package_spec is anything pip-installable, including package_name, vcs spec,
# zip file, or tar.gz file.
python = python or DEFAULT_PYTHON
package_names = package_names or []
if len(package_names) != len(package_specs):
package_names = [
package_name_from_spec(package_spec, python, pip_args=pip_args, verbose=verbose)
for package_spec in package_specs
]
for package_name, package_spec in zip(package_names, package_specs):
if venv_dir is None:
venv_container = VenvContainer(paths.ctx.venvs)
venv_dir = venv_container.get_venv_dir(f"{package_name}{suffix}")
try:
exists = venv_dir.exists() and bool(next(venv_dir.iterdir()))
except StopIteration:
exists = False
venv = Venv(venv_dir, python=python, verbose=verbose)
venv.check_upgrade_shared_libs(pip_args=pip_args, verbose=verbose)
if exists:
if not reinstall and force and python_flag_passed:
print(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
--python is ignored when --force is passed.
If you want to reinstall {package_name} with {python},
run `pipx reinstall {package_spec} --python {python}` instead.
"""
)
)
if force:
print(f"Installing to existing venv {venv.name!r}")
pip_args = ["--force-reinstall"] + pip_args
else:
print(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{venv.name!r} already seems to be installed. Not modifying
existing installation in '{venv_dir}'. Pass '--force'
to force installation.
"""
)
)
if len(package_specs) == 1:
return EXIT_CODE_INSTALL_VENV_EXISTS
# Reset venv_dir to None ready to install the next package in the list
venv_dir = None
continue
try:
# Enable installing shared library `pip` with `pipx`
override_shared = package_name == "pip"
venv.create_venv(venv_args, pip_args, override_shared)
for dep in preinstall_packages or []:
venv.upgrade_package_no_metadata(dep, [])
venv.install_package(
package_name=package_name,
package_or_url=package_spec,
pip_args=pip_args,
include_dependencies=include_dependencies,
include_apps=True,
is_main_package=True,
suffix=suffix,
)
run_post_install_actions(
venv,
package_name,
local_bin_dir,
local_man_dir,
venv_dir,
include_dependencies,
force=force,
)
except (Exception, KeyboardInterrupt):
print()
venv.remove_venv()
raise
# Reset venv_dir to None ready to install the next package in the list
venv_dir = None
# Any failure to install will raise PipxError, otherwise success
return EXIT_CODE_OK
def extract_venv_metadata(spec_metadata_file: Path) -> Iterator[PipxMetadata]:
"""Extract venv metadata from spec metadata file."""
with open(spec_metadata_file) as spec_metadata_fh:
try:
spec_metadata_dict = json.load(spec_metadata_fh, object_hook=_json_decoder_object_hook)
except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError as exc:
raise PipxError("The spec metadata file is an invalid JSON file.") from exc
if not ("venvs" in spec_metadata_dict and len(spec_metadata_dict["venvs"])):
raise PipxError("No packages found in the spec metadata file.")
venvs_metadata_dict = spec_metadata_dict["venvs"]
if not isinstance(venvs_metadata_dict, dict):
raise PipxError("The spec metadata file is invalid.")
for package_path_name in venvs_metadata_dict:
venv_dir = paths.ctx.venvs.joinpath(package_path_name)
venv_metadata = PipxMetadata(venv_dir, read=False)
venv_metadata.from_dict(venvs_metadata_dict[package_path_name]["metadata"])
yield venv_metadata
def generate_package_spec(package_info: PackageInfo) -> str:
"""Generate more precise package spec from package info."""
if not package_info.package_or_url:
raise PipxError(f"A package spec is not available for {package_info.package}")
if package_info.package == package_info.package_or_url:
return f"{package_info.package}=={package_info.package_version}"
return package_info.package_or_url
def get_python_interpreter(
source_interpreter: Optional[Path],
) -> Optional[str]:
"""Get appropriate python interpreter."""
if source_interpreter is not None and source_interpreter.is_file():
return str(source_interpreter)
print(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
The exported python interpreter '{source_interpreter}' is ignored
as not found.
"""
)
)
return None
def install_all(
spec_metadata_file: Path,
local_bin_dir: Path,
local_man_dir: Path,
python: Optional[str],
pip_args: list[str],
venv_args: list[str],
verbose: bool,
*,
force: bool,
) -> ExitCode:
"""Return pipx exit code."""
venv_container = VenvContainer(paths.ctx.venvs)
failed: list[str] = []
installed: list[str] = []
for venv_metadata in extract_venv_metadata(spec_metadata_file):
# Install the main package
main_package = venv_metadata.main_package
venv_dir = venv_container.get_venv_dir(f"{main_package.package}{main_package.suffix}")
try:
install(
venv_dir,
None,
[generate_package_spec(main_package)],
local_bin_dir,
local_man_dir,
python or get_python_interpreter(venv_metadata.source_interpreter),
pip_args,
venv_args,
verbose,
force=force,
reinstall=False,
include_dependencies=main_package.include_dependencies,
preinstall_packages=[],
suffix=main_package.suffix,
)
# Install the injected packages
for inject_package in venv_metadata.injected_packages.values():
commands.inject(
venv_dir=venv_dir,
package_specs=[generate_package_spec(inject_package)],
requirement_files=[],
pip_args=pip_args,
verbose=verbose,
include_apps=inject_package.include_apps,
include_dependencies=inject_package.include_dependencies,
force=force,
suffix=inject_package.suffix == main_package.suffix,
)
except PipxError as e:
print(e, file=sys.stderr)
failed.append(venv_dir.name)
else:
installed.append(venv_dir.name)
if len(installed) == 0:
print(f"No packages installed after running 'pipx install-all {spec_metadata_file}' {sleep}")
if len(failed) > 0:
raise PipxError(f"The following package(s) failed to install: {', '.join(failed)}")
# Any failure to install will raise PipxError, otherwise success
return EXIT_CODE_OK
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/commands/interpreter.py
================================================
import logging
import subprocess
from pathlib import Path
from packaging import version
from pipx import commands, constants, paths, standalone_python
from pipx.animate import animate
from pipx.pipx_metadata_file import PipxMetadata
from pipx.util import is_paths_relative, rmdir
from pipx.venv import Venv, VenvContainer
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def get_installed_standalone_interpreters() -> list[Path]:
return [python_dir for python_dir in paths.ctx.standalone_python_cachedir.iterdir() if python_dir.is_dir()]
def get_venvs_using_standalone_interpreter(venv_container: VenvContainer) -> list[Venv]:
venvs: list[Venv] = []
for venv_dir in venv_container.iter_venv_dirs():
venv = Venv(venv_dir)
if venv.pipx_metadata.source_interpreter:
venvs.append(venv)
return venvs
def get_interpreter_users(interpreter: Path, venvs: list[Venv]) -> list[PipxMetadata]:
return [
venv.pipx_metadata
for venv in venvs
if venv.pipx_metadata.source_interpreter
and is_paths_relative(venv.pipx_metadata.source_interpreter, interpreter)
]
def list_interpreters(
venv_container: VenvContainer,
):
interpreters = get_installed_standalone_interpreters()
venvs = get_venvs_using_standalone_interpreter(venv_container)
output: list[str] = []
output.append(f"Standalone interpreters are in {paths.ctx.standalone_python_cachedir}")
for interpreter in interpreters:
output.append(f"Python {interpreter.name}")
used_in = get_interpreter_users(interpreter, venvs)
if used_in:
output.append(" Used in:")
output.extend(f" - {p.main_package.package} {p.main_package.package_version}" for p in used_in)
else:
output.append(" Unused")
print("\n".join(output))
return constants.EXIT_CODE_OK
def prune_interpreters(
venv_container: VenvContainer,
):
interpreters = get_installed_standalone_interpreters()
venvs = get_venvs_using_standalone_interpreter(venv_container)
removed = []
for interpreter in interpreters:
if get_interpreter_users(interpreter, venvs):
continue
rmdir(interpreter, safe_rm=True)
removed.append(interpreter.name)
if removed:
print("Successfully removed:")
for interpreter_name in removed:
print(f" - Python {interpreter_name}")
else:
print("Nothing to remove")
return constants.EXIT_CODE_OK
def get_latest_micro_version(
current_version: version.Version, latest_python_versions: list[version.Version]
) -> version.Version:
for latest_python_version in latest_python_versions:
if current_version.major == latest_python_version.major and current_version.minor == latest_python_version.minor:
return latest_python_version
return current_version
def upgrade_interpreters(venv_container: VenvContainer, verbose: bool):
with animate("Getting the index of the latest standalone python builds", not verbose):
latest_pythons = standalone_python.list_pythons(use_cache=False)
parsed_latest_python_versions = []
for latest_python_version in latest_pythons:
try:
parsed_latest_python_versions.append(version.parse(latest_python_version))
except version.InvalidVersion:
logger.info(f"Invalid version found in latest pythons: {latest_python_version}. Skipping.")
upgraded = []
for interpreter_dir in paths.ctx.standalone_python_cachedir.iterdir():
if not interpreter_dir.is_dir():
continue
interpreter_python = interpreter_dir / "python.exe" if constants.WINDOWS else interpreter_dir / "bin" / "python3"
interpreter_full_version = (
subprocess.run([str(interpreter_python), "--version"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, check=True, text=True)
.stdout.strip()
.split()[1]
)
try:
parsed_interpreter_full_version = version.parse(interpreter_full_version)
except version.InvalidVersion:
logger.info(f"Invalid version found in interpreter at {interpreter_dir}. Skipping.")
continue
latest_micro_version = get_latest_micro_version(parsed_interpreter_full_version, parsed_latest_python_versions)
if latest_micro_version > parsed_interpreter_full_version:
standalone_python.download_python_build_standalone(
f"{latest_micro_version.major}.{latest_micro_version.minor}",
override=True,
)
for venv_dir in venv_container.iter_venv_dirs():
venv = Venv(venv_dir)
if venv.pipx_metadata.source_interpreter is not None and is_paths_relative(
venv.pipx_metadata.source_interpreter, interpreter_dir
):
print(
f"Upgrade the interpreter of {venv.name} from {interpreter_full_version} to {latest_micro_version}"
)
commands.reinstall(
venv_dir=venv_dir,
local_bin_dir=paths.ctx.bin_dir,
local_man_dir=paths.ctx.man_dir,
python=str(interpreter_python),
verbose=verbose,
)
upgraded.append((venv.name, interpreter_full_version, latest_micro_version))
if upgraded:
print("Successfully upgraded the interpreter(s):")
for venv_name, old_version, new_version in upgraded:
print(f" - {venv_name}: {old_version} -> {new_version}")
else:
print("Nothing to upgrade")
# Any failure to upgrade will raise PipxError, otherwise success
return constants.EXIT_CODE_OK
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/commands/list_packages.py
================================================
import json
import logging
import sys
from collections.abc import Collection
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
from pipx import paths
from pipx.colors import bold
from pipx.commands.common import VenvProblems, get_venv_summary, venv_health_check
from pipx.constants import EXIT_CODE_LIST_PROBLEM, EXIT_CODE_OK, ExitCode
from pipx.emojis import sleep
from pipx.pipx_metadata_file import JsonEncoderHandlesPath, PipxMetadata
from pipx.venv import Venv, VenvContainer
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
PIPX_SPEC_VERSION = "0.1"
def get_venv_metadata_summary(venv_dir: Path) -> tuple[PipxMetadata, VenvProblems, str]:
venv = Venv(venv_dir)
(venv_problems, warning_message) = venv_health_check(venv)
if venv_problems.any_():
return (PipxMetadata(venv_dir, read=False), venv_problems, warning_message)
return (venv.pipx_metadata, venv_problems, "")
def list_short(venv_dirs: Collection[Path]) -> VenvProblems:
all_venv_problems = VenvProblems()
for venv_dir in venv_dirs:
venv_metadata, venv_problems, warning_str = get_venv_metadata_summary(venv_dir)
if venv_problems.any_():
logger.warning(warning_str)
else:
print(
venv_metadata.main_package.package,
venv_metadata.main_package.package_version,
)
all_venv_problems.or_(venv_problems)
return all_venv_problems
def list_text(venv_dirs: Collection[Path], include_injected: bool, venv_root_dir: str) -> VenvProblems:
print(f"venvs are in {bold(venv_root_dir)}")
print(f"apps are exposed on your $PATH at {bold(str(paths.ctx.bin_dir))}")
print(f"manual pages are exposed at {bold(str(paths.ctx.man_dir))}")
all_venv_problems = VenvProblems()
for venv_dir in venv_dirs:
package_summary, venv_problems = get_venv_summary(venv_dir, include_injected=include_injected)
if venv_problems.any_():
logger.warning(package_summary)
else:
print(package_summary)
all_venv_problems.or_(venv_problems)
return all_venv_problems
def list_json(venv_dirs: Collection[Path]) -> VenvProblems:
warning_messages = []
spec_metadata: dict[str, Any] = {
"pipx_spec_version": PIPX_SPEC_VERSION,
"venvs": {},
}
all_venv_problems = VenvProblems()
for venv_dir in venv_dirs:
(venv_metadata, venv_problems, warning_str) = get_venv_metadata_summary(venv_dir)
all_venv_problems.or_(venv_problems)
if venv_problems.any_():
warning_messages.append(warning_str)
continue
spec_metadata["venvs"][venv_dir.name] = {}
spec_metadata["venvs"][venv_dir.name]["metadata"] = venv_metadata.to_dict()
print(json.dumps(spec_metadata, indent=4, sort_keys=True, cls=JsonEncoderHandlesPath))
for warning_message in warning_messages:
logger.warning(warning_message)
return all_venv_problems
def list_pinned(venv_dirs: Collection[Path], include_injected: bool) -> VenvProblems:
all_venv_problems = VenvProblems()
for venv_dir in venv_dirs:
venv_metadata, venv_problems, warning_str = get_venv_metadata_summary(venv_dir)
if venv_problems.any_():
logger.warning(warning_str)
else:
if venv_metadata.main_package.pinned:
print(
venv_metadata.main_package.package,
venv_metadata.main_package.package_version,
)
if include_injected:
for pkg, info in venv_metadata.injected_packages.items():
if info.pinned:
print(pkg, info.package_version, f"(injected in venv {venv_dir.name})")
all_venv_problems.or_(venv_problems)
return all_venv_problems
def list_packages(
venv_container: VenvContainer,
include_injected: bool,
json_format: bool,
short_format: bool,
pinned_only: bool,
) -> ExitCode:
"""Returns pipx exit code."""
venv_dirs: Collection[Path] = sorted(venv_container.iter_venv_dirs())
if not venv_dirs:
print(f"nothing has been installed with pipx {sleep}", file=sys.stderr)
if json_format:
all_venv_problems = list_json(venv_dirs)
elif short_format:
all_venv_problems = list_short(venv_dirs)
elif pinned_only:
all_venv_problems = list_pinned(venv_dirs, include_injected)
else:
if not venv_dirs:
return EXIT_CODE_OK
all_venv_problems = list_text(venv_dirs, include_injected, str(venv_container))
if all_venv_problems.bad_venv_name:
logger.warning(
"\nOne or more packages contain out-of-date internal data installed from a\n"
"previous pipx version and need to be updated.\n"
" To fix, execute: pipx reinstall-all"
)
if all_venv_problems.invalid_interpreter:
logger.warning(
"\nOne or more packages have a missing python interpreter.\n To fix, execute: pipx reinstall-all"
)
if all_venv_problems.missing_metadata:
logger.warning(
"\nOne or more packages have a missing internal pipx metadata.\n"
" They were likely installed using a pipx version before 0.15.0.0.\n"
" Please uninstall and install these package(s) to fix."
)
if all_venv_problems.not_installed:
logger.warning(
"\nOne or more packages are not installed properly.\n"
" Please uninstall and install these package(s) to fix."
)
if all_venv_problems.any_():
print("", file=sys.stderr)
return EXIT_CODE_LIST_PROBLEM
return EXIT_CODE_OK
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/commands/pin.py
================================================
import logging
from collections.abc import Sequence
from pathlib import Path
from pipx.colors import bold
from pipx.constants import ExitCode
from pipx.emojis import sleep
from pipx.util import PipxError
from pipx.venv import Venv
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def _update_pin_info(venv: Venv, package_name: str, is_main_package: bool, unpin: bool) -> int:
package_metadata = venv.package_metadata[package_name]
venv.update_package_metadata(
package_name=str(package_metadata.package),
package_or_url=str(package_metadata.package_or_url),
pip_args=package_metadata.pip_args,
include_dependencies=package_metadata.include_dependencies,
include_apps=package_metadata.include_apps,
is_main_package=is_main_package,
suffix=package_metadata.suffix,
pinned=not unpin,
)
return 1
def pin(
venv_dir: Path,
verbose: bool,
skip: Sequence[str],
injected_only: bool = False,
) -> ExitCode:
venv = Venv(venv_dir, verbose=verbose)
try:
main_package_metadata = venv.package_metadata[venv.main_package_name]
except KeyError as e:
raise PipxError(f"Package {venv.name} is not installed") from e
if main_package_metadata.pinned:
logger.warning(f"Package {main_package_metadata.package} already pinned {sleep}")
elif injected_only or skip:
pinned_packages_count = 0
pinned_packages_list = []
for package_name in venv.package_metadata:
if package_name == venv.main_package_name or package_name in skip:
continue
if venv.package_metadata[package_name].pinned:
print(f"{package_name} was pinned. Not modifying.")
continue
pinned_packages_count += _update_pin_info(venv, package_name, is_main_package=False, unpin=False)
pinned_packages_list.append(f"{package_name} {venv.package_metadata[package_name].package_version}")
if pinned_packages_count != 0:
print(bold(f"Pinned {pinned_packages_count} packages in venv {venv.name}"))
for package in pinned_packages_list:
print(" -", package)
else:
for package_name in venv.package_metadata:
if package_name == venv.main_package_name:
_update_pin_info(venv, venv.main_package_name, is_main_package=True, unpin=False)
else:
_update_pin_info(venv, package_name, is_main_package=False, unpin=False)
return ExitCode(0)
def unpin(venv_dir: Path, verbose: bool) -> ExitCode:
venv = Venv(venv_dir, verbose=verbose)
try:
main_package_metadata = venv.package_metadata[venv.main_package_name]
except KeyError as e:
raise PipxError(f"Package {venv.name} is not installed") from e
unpinned_packages_count = 0
unpinned_packages_list = []
for package_name in venv.package_metadata:
if package_name == main_package_metadata.package and main_package_metadata.pinned:
unpinned_packages_count += _update_pin_info(venv, package_name, is_main_package=True, unpin=True)
elif venv.package_metadata[package_name].pinned:
unpinned_packages_count += _update_pin_info(venv, package_name, is_main_package=False, unpin=True)
unpinned_packages_list.append(package_name)
if unpinned_packages_count != 0:
print(bold(f"Unpinned {unpinned_packages_count} packages in venv {venv.name}"))
for package in unpinned_packages_list:
print(" -", package)
else:
logger.warning(f"No packages to unpin in venv {venv.name}")
return ExitCode(0)
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/commands/reinstall.py
================================================
import sys
from collections.abc import Sequence
from pathlib import Path
from packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
from pipx.commands.inject import inject_dep
from pipx.commands.install import install
from pipx.commands.uninstall import uninstall
from pipx.constants import (
EXIT_CODE_OK,
EXIT_CODE_REINSTALL_INVALID_PYTHON,
EXIT_CODE_REINSTALL_VENV_NONEXISTENT,
ExitCode,
)
from pipx.emojis import error, sleep
from pipx.util import PipxError
from pipx.venv import Venv, VenvContainer
def reinstall(
*,
venv_dir: Path,
local_bin_dir: Path,
local_man_dir: Path,
python: str,
verbose: bool,
force_reinstall_shared_libs: bool = False,
python_flag_passed: bool = False,
) -> ExitCode:
"""Returns pipx exit code."""
if not venv_dir.exists():
print(f"Nothing to reinstall for {venv_dir.name} {sleep}")
return EXIT_CODE_REINSTALL_VENV_NONEXISTENT
try:
Path(python).relative_to(venv_dir)
except ValueError:
pass
else:
print(
f"{error} Error, the python executable would be deleted!",
"Change it using the --python option or PIPX_DEFAULT_PYTHON environment variable.",
)
return EXIT_CODE_REINSTALL_INVALID_PYTHON
venv = Venv(venv_dir, verbose=verbose)
venv.check_upgrade_shared_libs(
pip_args=venv.pipx_metadata.main_package.pip_args, verbose=verbose, force_upgrade=force_reinstall_shared_libs
)
if venv.pipx_metadata.main_package.package_or_url is not None:
package_or_url = venv.pipx_metadata.main_package.package_or_url
else:
package_or_url = venv.main_package_name
if venv.pipx_metadata.main_package.pinned:
raise PipxError(f"{error} Package {venv_dir} is pinned. Run `pipx unpin {venv_dir.name}` to unpin it first.")
uninstall(venv_dir, local_bin_dir, local_man_dir, verbose)
# in case legacy original dir name
venv_dir = venv_dir.with_name(canonicalize_name(venv_dir.name))
# install main package first
install(
venv_dir,
[venv.main_package_name],
[package_or_url],
local_bin_dir,
local_man_dir,
python,
venv.pipx_metadata.main_package.pip_args,
venv.pipx_metadata.venv_args,
verbose,
force=True,
reinstall=True,
include_dependencies=venv.pipx_metadata.main_package.include_dependencies,
preinstall_packages=[],
suffix=venv.pipx_metadata.main_package.suffix,
python_flag_passed=python_flag_passed,
)
# now install injected packages
for injected_name, injected_package in venv.pipx_metadata.injected_packages.items():
if injected_package.package_or_url is None:
# This should never happen, but package_or_url is type
# Optional[str] so mypy thinks it could be None
raise PipxError(f"Internal Error injecting package {injected_package} into {venv.name}")
inject_dep(
venv_dir,
injected_name,
injected_package.package_or_url,
injected_package.pip_args,
verbose=verbose,
include_apps=injected_package.include_apps,
include_dependencies=injected_package.include_dependencies,
force=True,
)
# Any failure to install will raise PipxError, otherwise success
return EXIT_CODE_OK
def reinstall_all(
venv_container: VenvContainer,
local_bin_dir: Path,
local_man_dir: Path,
python: str,
verbose: bool,
*,
skip: Sequence[str],
python_flag_passed: bool = False,
) -> ExitCode:
"""Returns pipx exit code."""
failed: list[str] = []
reinstalled: list[str] = []
# iterate on all packages and reinstall them
# for the first one, we also trigger
# a reinstall of shared libs beforehand
first_reinstall = True
for venv_dir in venv_container.iter_venv_dirs():
if venv_dir.name in skip:
continue
try:
reinstall(
venv_dir=venv_dir,
local_bin_dir=local_bin_dir,
local_man_dir=local_man_dir,
python=python,
verbose=verbose,
force_reinstall_shared_libs=first_reinstall,
python_flag_passed=python_flag_passed,
)
except PipxError as e:
print(e, file=sys.stderr)
failed.append(venv_dir.name)
else:
first_reinstall = False
reinstalled.append(venv_dir.name)
if len(reinstalled) == 0:
print(f"No packages reinstalled after running 'pipx reinstall-all' {sleep}")
if len(failed) > 0:
raise PipxError(f"The following package(s) failed to reinstall: {', '.join(failed)}")
# Any failure to install will raise PipxError, otherwise success
return EXIT_CODE_OK
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/commands/run.py
================================================
import datetime
import hashlib
import logging
import re
import sys
import time
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
from pathlib import Path
from shutil import which
from typing import NoReturn, Optional, Union
from packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
from pipx import paths
from pipx.commands.common import package_name_from_spec
from pipx.commands.inject import inject_dep
from pipx.constants import TEMP_VENV_EXPIRATION_THRESHOLD_DAYS, WINDOWS
from pipx.emojis import hazard
from pipx.util import (
PipxError,
exec_app,
get_pypackage_bin_path,
pipx_wrap,
rmdir,
run_pypackage_bin,
)
from pipx.venv import Venv
if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
import tomli as tomllib
else:
import tomllib
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
VENV_EXPIRED_FILENAME = "pipx_expired_venv"
APP_NOT_FOUND_ERROR_MESSAGE = """\
'{app}' executable script not found in package '{package_name}'.
Available executable scripts:
{app_lines}"""
def maybe_script_content(app: str, is_path: bool) -> Optional[Union[str, Path]]:
"""If the app is a script, return its content.
Return None if it should be treated as a package name."""
# Look for a local file first.
app_path = Path(app)
if app_path.is_file():
return app_path
# In case it's a named pipe, read it out to pass to the interpreter
if app_path.is_fifo():
return app_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
if is_path:
raise PipxError(f"The specified path {app} does not exist")
# Check for a URL
if urllib.parse.urlparse(app).scheme:
if not app.endswith(".py"):
raise PipxError(
"""
pipx will only execute apps from the internet directly if they
end with '.py'. To run from an SVN, try pipx --spec URL BINARY
"""
)
logger.info("Detected url. Downloading and executing as a Python file.")
return _http_get_request(app)
# Otherwise, it's a package
return None
def run_script(
content: Union[str, Path],
app_args: list[str],
python: str,
pip_args: list[str],
venv_args: list[str],
verbose: bool,
use_cache: bool,
) -> NoReturn:
requirements = _get_requirements_from_script(content)
if not requirements:
python_path = Path(python)
else:
# Note that the environment name is based on the identified
# requirements, and *not* on the script name. This is deliberate, as
# it ensures that two scripts with the same requirements can use the
# same environment, which means fewer environments need to be
# managed. The requirements are normalised (in
# _get_requirements_from_script), so that irrelevant differences in
# whitespace, and similar, don't prevent environment sharing.
venv_dir = _get_temporary_venv_path(requirements, python, pip_args, venv_args)
venv = Venv(venv_dir)
_prepare_venv_cache(venv, None, use_cache)
if venv_dir.exists():
logger.info(f"Reusing cached venv {venv_dir}")
else:
venv = Venv(venv_dir, python=python, verbose=verbose)
venv.check_upgrade_shared_libs(pip_args=pip_args, verbose=verbose)
venv.create_venv(venv_args, pip_args)
try:
venv.install_unmanaged_packages(requirements, pip_args)
except:
# Package installation failed, so mark the cache as expired.
# This ensures an attempt is made to re-install requirements
# when `pipx run` is next executed, rather than just failing.
(venv_dir / VENV_EXPIRED_FILENAME).touch()
raise
python_path = venv.python_path
if isinstance(content, Path):
exec_app([python_path, content, *app_args])
else:
exec_app([python_path, "-c", content, *app_args])
def run_package(
app: str,
package_or_url: str,
dependencies: list[str],
app_args: list[str],
python: str,
pip_args: list[str],
venv_args: list[str],
pypackages: bool,
verbose: bool,
use_cache: bool,
) -> NoReturn:
if which(app):
logger.warning(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{hazard} {app} is already on your PATH and installed at
{which(app)}. Downloading and running anyway.
""",
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
if WINDOWS:
app_filename = f"{app}.exe"
logger.info(f"Assuming app is {app_filename!r} (Windows only)")
else:
app_filename = app
pypackage_bin_path = get_pypackage_bin_path(app)
if pypackage_bin_path.exists():
logger.info(f"Using app in local __pypackages__ directory at '{pypackage_bin_path}'")
run_pypackage_bin(pypackage_bin_path, app_args)
if pypackages:
raise PipxError(
f"""
'--pypackages' flag was passed, but '{pypackage_bin_path}' was
not found. See https://github.com/cs01/pythonloc to learn how to
install here, or omit the flag.
"""
)
venv_dir = _get_temporary_venv_path([package_or_url], python, pip_args, venv_args)
venv = Venv(venv_dir)
bin_path = venv.bin_path / app_filename
_prepare_venv_cache(venv, bin_path, use_cache)
if venv.has_app(app, app_filename):
logger.info(f"Reusing cached venv {venv_dir}")
else:
logger.info(f"venv location is {venv_dir}")
venv, app, app_filename = _prepare_venv(
Path(venv_dir),
package_or_url,
app,
app_filename,
python,
pip_args,
venv_args,
use_cache,
verbose,
)
for dep in dependencies:
inject_dep(
venv_dir=venv_dir,
package_name=None,
package_spec=dep,
pip_args=pip_args,
verbose=verbose,
include_apps=False,
include_dependencies=False,
force=False,
)
venv.run_app(app, app_filename, app_args)
def run(
app: str,
spec: str,
dependencies: list[str],
is_path: bool,
app_args: list[str],
python: str,
pip_args: list[str],
venv_args: list[str],
pypackages: bool,
verbose: bool,
use_cache: bool,
) -> NoReturn:
"""Installs venv to temporary dir (or reuses cache), then runs app from
package
"""
# For any package, we need to just use the name
try:
package_name = Requirement(app).name
except InvalidRequirement:
# Raw URLs to scripts are supported, too, so continue if
# we can't parse this as a package
package_name = app
content = None if spec is not None else maybe_script_content(app, is_path) # type: ignore[redundant-expr]
if content is not None:
run_script(content, app_args, python, pip_args, venv_args, verbose, use_cache)
else:
package_or_url = spec if spec is not None else app # type: ignore[redundant-expr]
run_package(
package_name,
package_or_url,
dependencies,
app_args,
python,
pip_args,
venv_args,
pypackages,
verbose,
use_cache,
)
def _prepare_venv(
venv_dir: Path,
package_or_url: str,
app: str,
app_filename: str,
python: str,
pip_args: list[str],
venv_args: list[str],
use_cache: bool,
verbose: bool,
) -> tuple[Venv, str, str]:
venv = Venv(venv_dir, python=python, verbose=verbose)
venv.check_upgrade_shared_libs(pip_args=pip_args, verbose=verbose)
if venv.pipx_metadata.main_package.package is not None:
package_name = venv.pipx_metadata.main_package.package
else:
package_name = package_name_from_spec(package_or_url, python, pip_args=pip_args, verbose=verbose)
override_shared = package_name == "pip"
venv.create_venv(venv_args, pip_args, override_shared)
venv.install_package(
package_name=package_name,
package_or_url=package_or_url,
pip_args=pip_args,
include_dependencies=False,
include_apps=True,
is_main_package=True,
)
if not venv.has_app(app, app_filename):
apps = venv.pipx_metadata.main_package.apps
# If there's a single app inside the package, run that by default
if app == package_name and len(apps) == 1:
app = apps[0]
print(f"NOTE: running app {app!r} from {package_name!r}")
if WINDOWS:
app_filename = f"{app}.exe"
logger.info(f"Assuming app is {app_filename!r} (Windows only)")
else:
app_filename = app
else:
all_apps = (f"{a} - usage: 'pipx run --spec {package_or_url} {a} [arguments?]'" for a in apps)
raise PipxError(
APP_NOT_FOUND_ERROR_MESSAGE.format(
app=app,
package_name=package_name,
app_lines="\n ".join(all_apps),
),
wrap_message=False,
)
if not use_cache:
# Let future _remove_all_expired_venvs know to remove this
(venv_dir / VENV_EXPIRED_FILENAME).touch()
return venv, app, app_filename
def _get_temporary_venv_path(requirements: list[str], python: str, pip_args: list[str], venv_args: list[str]) -> Path:
"""Computes deterministic path using hashing function on arguments relevant
to virtual environment's end state. Arguments used should result in idempotent
virtual environment. (i.e. args passed to app aren't relevant, but args
passed to venv creation are.)
"""
m = hashlib.sha256()
m.update("".join(requirements).encode())
m.update(python.encode())
m.update("".join(pip_args).encode())
m.update("".join(venv_args).encode())
venv_folder_name = m.hexdigest()[:15] # 15 chosen arbitrarily
return Path(paths.ctx.venv_cache) / venv_folder_name
def _is_temporary_venv_expired(venv_dir: Path) -> bool:
created_time_sec = venv_dir.stat().st_ctime
current_time_sec = time.mktime(datetime.datetime.now().timetuple())
age = current_time_sec - created_time_sec
expiration_threshold_sec = 60 * 60 * 24 * TEMP_VENV_EXPIRATION_THRESHOLD_DAYS
return age > expiration_threshold_sec or (venv_dir / VENV_EXPIRED_FILENAME).exists()
def _prepare_venv_cache(venv: Venv, bin_path: Optional[Path], use_cache: bool) -> None:
venv_dir = venv.root
if not use_cache and (bin_path is None or bin_path.exists()):
logger.info(f"Removing cached venv {venv_dir!s}")
rmdir(venv_dir)
_remove_all_expired_venvs()
def _remove_all_expired_venvs() -> None:
for venv_dir in Path(paths.ctx.venv_cache).iterdir():
if _is_temporary_venv_expired(venv_dir):
logger.info(f"Removing expired venv {venv_dir!s}")
rmdir(venv_dir)
def _http_get_request(url: str) -> str:
try:
res = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
charset = res.headers.get_content_charset() or "utf-8"
return res.read().decode(charset)
except Exception as e:
logger.debug("Uncaught Exception:", exc_info=True)
raise PipxError(str(e)) from e
# This regex comes from the inline script metadata spec
INLINE_SCRIPT_METADATA = re.compile(r"(?m)^# /// (?P[a-zA-Z0-9-]+)$\s(?P(^#(| .*)$\s)+)^# ///$")
def _get_requirements_from_script(content: Union[str, Path]) -> Optional[list[str]]:
"""
Supports inline script metadata.
"""
if isinstance(content, Path):
content = content.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
name = "script"
# Windows is currently getting un-normalized line endings, so normalize
content = content.replace("\r\n", "\n")
matches = [m for m in INLINE_SCRIPT_METADATA.finditer(content) if m.group("type") == name]
if not matches:
pyproject_matches = [m for m in INLINE_SCRIPT_METADATA.finditer(content) if m.group("type") == "pyproject"]
if pyproject_matches:
logger.error(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{hazard} Using old form of requirements table. Use updated PEP
723 syntax by replacing `# /// pyproject` with `# /// script`
and `run.dependencies` (or `run.requirements`) with
`dependencies`.
""",
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
raise ValueError("Old 'pyproject' table found")
return None
if len(matches) > 1:
raise ValueError(f"Multiple {name} blocks found")
content = "".join(
line[2:] if line.startswith("# ") else line[1:] for line in matches[0].group("content").splitlines(keepends=True)
)
pyproject = tomllib.loads(content)
requirements = []
for requirement in pyproject.get("dependencies", []):
# Validate the requirement
try:
req = Requirement(requirement)
except InvalidRequirement as e:
raise PipxError(f"Invalid requirement {requirement}: {e}") from e
# Use the normalised form of the requirement
requirements.append(str(req))
return requirements
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/commands/run_pip.py
================================================
from pathlib import Path
from pipx.constants import ExitCode
from pipx.util import PipxError
from pipx.venv import Venv
def run_pip(package: str, venv_dir: Path, pip_args: list[str], verbose: bool) -> ExitCode:
"""Returns pipx exit code."""
venv = Venv(venv_dir, verbose=verbose)
if not venv.python_path.exists():
raise PipxError(f"venv for {package!r} was not found. Was {package!r} installed with pipx?")
venv.verbose = True
return venv.run_pip_get_exit_code(pip_args)
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/commands/uninject.py
================================================
import logging
import os
from pathlib import Path
from packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
from pipx.colors import bold
from pipx.commands.uninstall import (
_get_package_bin_dir_app_paths,
_get_package_man_paths,
)
from pipx.constants import (
EXIT_CODE_OK,
EXIT_CODE_UNINJECT_ERROR,
MAN_SECTIONS,
ExitCode,
)
from pipx.emojis import stars
from pipx.util import PipxError, pipx_wrap
from pipx.venv import Venv
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def get_include_resource_paths(package_name: str, venv: Venv, local_bin_dir: Path, local_man_dir: Path) -> set[Path]:
bin_dir_app_paths = _get_package_bin_dir_app_paths(
venv, venv.package_metadata[package_name], venv.bin_path, local_bin_dir
)
man_paths = set()
for man_section in MAN_SECTIONS:
man_paths |= _get_package_man_paths(
venv,
venv.package_metadata[package_name],
venv.man_path / man_section,
local_man_dir / man_section,
)
need_to_remove = set()
for bin_dir_app_path in bin_dir_app_paths:
if bin_dir_app_path.name in venv.package_metadata[package_name].apps:
need_to_remove.add(bin_dir_app_path)
for man_path in man_paths:
path = Path(man_path.parent.name) / man_path.name
if str(path) in venv.package_metadata[package_name].man_pages:
need_to_remove.add(path)
return need_to_remove
def uninject_dep(
venv: Venv,
package_name: str,
*,
local_bin_dir: Path,
local_man_dir: Path,
leave_deps: bool = False,
) -> bool:
package_name = canonicalize_name(package_name)
if package_name == venv.pipx_metadata.main_package.package:
logger.warning(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{package_name} is the main package of {venv.root.name}
venv. Use `pipx uninstall {venv.root.name}` to uninstall instead of uninject.
""",
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
return False
if package_name not in venv.pipx_metadata.injected_packages:
logger.warning(f"{package_name} is not in the {venv.root.name} venv. Skipping.")
return False
need_app_uninstall = venv.package_metadata[package_name].include_apps
new_resource_paths = get_include_resource_paths(package_name, venv, local_bin_dir, local_man_dir)
if not leave_deps:
orig_not_required_packages = venv.list_installed_packages(not_required=True)
logger.info(f"Original not required packages: {orig_not_required_packages}")
venv.uninstall_package(package=package_name, was_injected=True)
if not leave_deps:
new_not_required_packages = venv.list_installed_packages(not_required=True)
logger.info(f"New not required packages: {new_not_required_packages}")
deps_of_uninstalled = new_not_required_packages - orig_not_required_packages
if len(deps_of_uninstalled) == 0:
pass
else:
logger.info(f"Dependencies of uninstalled package: {deps_of_uninstalled}")
for dep_package_name in deps_of_uninstalled:
venv.uninstall_package(package=dep_package_name, was_injected=False)
deps_string = " and its dependencies"
else:
deps_string = ""
if need_app_uninstall:
for path in new_resource_paths:
try:
os.unlink(path)
except FileNotFoundError:
logger.info(f"tried to remove but couldn't find {path}")
else:
logger.info(f"removed file {path}")
print(f"Uninjected package {bold(package_name)}{deps_string} from venv {bold(venv.root.name)} {stars}")
return True
def uninject(
venv_dir: Path,
dependencies: list[str],
*,
local_bin_dir: Path,
local_man_dir: Path,
leave_deps: bool,
verbose: bool,
) -> ExitCode:
"""Returns pipx exit code"""
if not venv_dir.exists() or next(venv_dir.iterdir(), None) is None:
raise PipxError(f"Virtual environment {venv_dir.name} does not exist.")
venv = Venv(venv_dir, verbose=verbose)
if not venv.package_metadata:
raise PipxError(
f"""
Can't uninject from Virtual Environment {venv_dir.name!r}.
{venv_dir.name!r} has missing internal pipx metadata.
It was likely installed using a pipx version before 0.15.0.0.
Please uninstall and install {venv_dir.name!r} manually to fix.
"""
)
all_success = True
for dep in dependencies:
all_success &= uninject_dep(
venv,
dep,
local_bin_dir=local_bin_dir,
local_man_dir=local_man_dir,
leave_deps=leave_deps,
)
if all_success:
return EXIT_CODE_OK
else:
return EXIT_CODE_UNINJECT_ERROR
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/commands/uninstall.py
================================================
import logging
from pathlib import Path
from shutil import which
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from collections.abc import Callable
from pipx.commands.common import (
add_suffix,
can_symlink,
get_exposed_man_paths_for_package,
get_exposed_paths_for_package,
)
from pipx.constants import (
EXIT_CODE_OK,
EXIT_CODE_UNINSTALL_ERROR,
EXIT_CODE_UNINSTALL_VENV_NONEXISTENT,
MAN_SECTIONS,
ExitCode,
)
from pipx.emojis import hazard, sleep, stars
from pipx.pipx_metadata_file import PackageInfo
from pipx.util import rmdir, safe_unlink
from pipx.venv import Venv, VenvContainer
from pipx.venv_inspect import VenvMetadata
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def _venv_metadata_to_package_info(
venv_metadata: VenvMetadata,
package_name: str,
package_or_url: str = "",
pip_args: Optional[list[str]] = None,
include_apps: bool = True,
include_dependencies: bool = False,
suffix: str = "",
) -> PackageInfo:
if pip_args is None:
pip_args = []
return PackageInfo(
package=package_name,
package_or_url=package_or_url,
pip_args=pip_args,
include_apps=include_apps,
include_dependencies=include_dependencies,
apps=venv_metadata.apps,
app_paths=venv_metadata.app_paths,
apps_of_dependencies=venv_metadata.apps_of_dependencies,
app_paths_of_dependencies=venv_metadata.app_paths_of_dependencies,
man_pages=venv_metadata.man_pages,
man_paths=venv_metadata.man_paths,
man_pages_of_dependencies=venv_metadata.man_pages_of_dependencies,
man_paths_of_dependencies=venv_metadata.man_paths_of_dependencies,
package_version=venv_metadata.package_version,
suffix=suffix,
)
def _get_package_bin_dir_app_paths(
venv: Venv, package_info: PackageInfo, venv_bin_path: Path, local_bin_dir: Path
) -> set[Path]:
suffix = package_info.suffix
apps = []
if package_info.include_apps:
apps += package_info.apps
if package_info.include_dependencies:
apps += package_info.apps_of_dependencies
return get_exposed_paths_for_package(venv_bin_path, local_bin_dir, [add_suffix(app, suffix) for app in apps])
def _get_package_man_paths(venv: Venv, package_info: PackageInfo, venv_man_path: Path, local_man_dir: Path) -> set[Path]:
man_pages = []
if package_info.include_apps:
man_pages += package_info.man_pages
if package_info.include_dependencies:
man_pages += package_info.man_pages_of_dependencies
return get_exposed_man_paths_for_package(venv_man_path, local_man_dir, man_pages)
def _get_venv_resource_paths(
resource_type: str, venv: Venv, venv_resource_path: Path, local_resource_dir: Path
) -> set[Path]:
resource_paths = set()
assert resource_type in ("app", "man"), "invalid resource type"
get_package_resource_paths: Callable[[Venv, PackageInfo, Path, Path], set[Path]]
get_package_resource_paths = {
"app": _get_package_bin_dir_app_paths,
"man": _get_package_man_paths,
}[resource_type]
if venv.pipx_metadata.main_package.package is not None:
# Valid metadata for venv
for package_info in venv.package_metadata.values():
resource_paths |= get_package_resource_paths(venv, package_info, venv_resource_path, local_resource_dir)
elif venv.python_path.is_file():
# No metadata from pipx_metadata.json, but valid python interpreter.
# In pre-metadata-pipx venv.root.name is name of main package
# In pre-metadata-pipx there is no suffix
# We make the conservative assumptions: no injected packages,
# not include_dependencies. Other PackageInfo fields are irrelevant
# here.
venv_metadata = venv.get_venv_metadata_for_package(venv.root.name, set())
main_package_info = _venv_metadata_to_package_info(venv_metadata, venv.root.name)
resource_paths = get_package_resource_paths(venv, main_package_info, venv_resource_path, local_resource_dir)
else:
# No metadata and no valid python interpreter.
# We'll take our best guess on what to uninstall here based on symlink
# location for symlink-capable systems.
# The heuristic here is any symlink in ~/.local/bin pointing to
# .local/share/pipx/venvs/VENV_NAME/{bin,Scripts} should be uninstalled.
# For non-symlink systems we give up and return an empty set.
if not local_resource_dir.is_dir() or not can_symlink(local_resource_dir):
return set()
resource_paths = get_exposed_paths_for_package(venv_resource_path, local_resource_dir)
return resource_paths
def uninstall(venv_dir: Path, local_bin_dir: Path, local_man_dir: Path, verbose: bool) -> ExitCode:
"""Uninstall entire venv_dir, including main package and all injected
packages.
Returns pipx exit code.
"""
if not venv_dir.exists():
print(f"Nothing to uninstall for {venv_dir.name} {sleep}")
app = which(venv_dir.name)
if app:
print(f"{hazard} Note: '{app}' still exists on your system and is on your PATH")
return EXIT_CODE_UNINSTALL_VENV_NONEXISTENT
venv = Venv(venv_dir, verbose=verbose)
bin_dir_app_paths = _get_venv_resource_paths("app", venv, venv.bin_path, local_bin_dir)
man_dir_paths = set()
for man_section in MAN_SECTIONS:
man_dir_paths |= _get_venv_resource_paths("man", venv, venv.man_path / man_section, local_man_dir / man_section)
for path in bin_dir_app_paths | man_dir_paths:
try:
safe_unlink(path)
except FileNotFoundError:
logger.info(f"tried to remove but couldn't find {path}")
else:
logger.info(f"removed file {path}")
rmdir(venv_dir)
print(f"uninstalled {venv.name}! {stars}")
return EXIT_CODE_OK
def uninstall_all(
venv_container: VenvContainer,
local_bin_dir: Path,
local_man_dir: Path,
verbose: bool,
) -> ExitCode:
"""Returns pipx exit code."""
all_success = True
for venv_dir in venv_container.iter_venv_dirs():
return_val = uninstall(venv_dir, local_bin_dir, local_man_dir, verbose)
all_success &= return_val == 0
return EXIT_CODE_OK if all_success else EXIT_CODE_UNINSTALL_ERROR
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/commands/upgrade.py
================================================
import logging
import os
import sys
from collections.abc import Sequence
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional
from pipx import commands, paths
from pipx.colors import bold, red
from pipx.commands.common import expose_resources_globally
from pipx.constants import EXIT_CODE_OK, ExitCode
from pipx.emojis import sleep
from pipx.package_specifier import parse_specifier_for_upgrade
from pipx.util import PipxError, pipx_wrap
from pipx.venv import Venv, VenvContainer
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def _upgrade_package(
venv: Venv,
package_name: str,
pip_args: list[str],
is_main_package: bool,
force: bool,
upgrading_all: bool,
) -> int:
"""Returns 1 if package version changed, 0 if same version"""
package_metadata = venv.package_metadata[package_name]
if package_metadata.package_or_url is None:
raise PipxError(f"Internal Error: package {package_name} has corrupt pipx metadata.")
elif package_metadata.pinned:
if package_metadata.package != venv.main_package_name:
logger.warning(
f"Not upgrading pinned package {package_metadata.package} in venv {venv.name}. "
f"Run `pipx unpin {venv.name}` to unpin it."
)
else:
logger.warning(f"Not upgrading pinned package {venv.name}. Run `pipx unpin {venv.name}` to unpin it.")
return 0
package_or_url = parse_specifier_for_upgrade(package_metadata.package_or_url)
old_version = package_metadata.package_version
venv.upgrade_package(
package_name,
package_or_url,
pip_args,
include_dependencies=package_metadata.include_dependencies,
include_apps=package_metadata.include_apps,
is_main_package=is_main_package,
suffix=package_metadata.suffix,
)
package_metadata = venv.package_metadata[package_name]
display_name = f"{package_metadata.package}{package_metadata.suffix}"
new_version = package_metadata.package_version
if package_metadata.include_apps:
expose_resources_globally(
"app",
paths.ctx.bin_dir,
package_metadata.app_paths,
force=force,
suffix=package_metadata.suffix,
)
expose_resources_globally("man", paths.ctx.man_dir, package_metadata.man_paths, force=force)
if package_metadata.include_dependencies:
for app_paths in package_metadata.app_paths_of_dependencies.values():
expose_resources_globally(
"app",
paths.ctx.bin_dir,
app_paths,
force=force,
suffix=package_metadata.suffix,
)
for man_paths in package_metadata.man_paths_of_dependencies.values():
expose_resources_globally("man", paths.ctx.man_dir, man_paths, force=force)
if old_version == new_version:
if upgrading_all:
pass
else:
print(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{display_name} is already at latest version {old_version}
(location: {venv.root!s})
"""
)
)
return 0
else:
print(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
upgraded package {display_name} from {old_version} to
{new_version} (location: {venv.root!s})
"""
)
)
return 1
def _upgrade_venv(
venv_dir: Path,
pip_args: list[str],
verbose: bool,
*,
include_injected: bool,
upgrading_all: bool,
force: bool,
install: bool = False,
venv_args: Optional[list[str]] = None,
python: Optional[str] = None,
python_flag_passed: bool = False,
) -> int:
"""Return number of packages with changed versions."""
if not venv_dir.is_dir():
if install:
if venv_args is None:
venv_args = []
commands.install(
venv_dir=None,
venv_args=venv_args,
package_names=None,
package_specs=[str(venv_dir).split(os.path.sep)[-1]],
local_bin_dir=paths.ctx.bin_dir,
local_man_dir=paths.ctx.man_dir,
python=python,
pip_args=pip_args,
verbose=verbose,
force=force,
reinstall=False,
include_dependencies=False,
preinstall_packages=None,
python_flag_passed=python_flag_passed,
)
return 0
else:
raise PipxError(
f"""
Package is not installed. Expected to find {venv_dir!s}, but it
does not exist.
"""
)
if venv_args and not install:
logger.info("Ignoring " + ", ".join(venv_args) + " as not combined with --install")
if python and not install:
logger.info("Ignoring --python as not combined with --install")
venv = Venv(venv_dir, verbose=verbose)
venv.check_upgrade_shared_libs(pip_args=pip_args, verbose=verbose)
if not venv.python_path.is_file():
raise PipxError(
f"Not upgrading {red(bold(venv_dir.name))}. It has an invalid python interpreter {venv.python_path}.\n"
f"This usually happens after a system Python upgrade.\n"
f"To fix, execute: pipx reinstall-all",
wrap_message=False,
)
if not venv.package_metadata:
raise PipxError(
f"Not upgrading {red(bold(venv_dir.name))}. It has missing internal pipx metadata.\n"
f"It was likely installed using a pipx version before 0.15.0.0.\n"
f"Please uninstall and install this package to fix.",
wrap_message=False,
)
# Upgrade shared libraries (pip, setuptools and wheel)
venv.upgrade_packaging_libraries(pip_args)
versions_updated = 0
package_name = venv.main_package_name
versions_updated += _upgrade_package(
venv,
package_name,
pip_args,
is_main_package=True,
force=force,
upgrading_all=upgrading_all,
)
if include_injected:
for package_name in venv.package_metadata:
if package_name == venv.main_package_name:
continue
versions_updated += _upgrade_package(
venv,
package_name,
pip_args,
is_main_package=False,
force=force,
upgrading_all=upgrading_all,
)
return versions_updated
def upgrade(
venv_dirs: dict[str, Path],
python: Optional[str],
pip_args: list[str],
venv_args: list[str],
verbose: bool,
*,
include_injected: bool,
force: bool,
install: bool,
python_flag_passed: bool = False,
) -> ExitCode:
"""Return pipx exit code."""
for venv_dir in venv_dirs.values():
_ = _upgrade_venv(
venv_dir,
pip_args,
verbose,
include_injected=include_injected,
upgrading_all=False,
force=force,
install=install,
venv_args=venv_args,
python=python,
python_flag_passed=python_flag_passed,
)
# Any error in upgrade will raise PipxError (e.g. from venv.upgrade_package())
return EXIT_CODE_OK
def upgrade_all(
venv_container: VenvContainer,
verbose: bool,
*,
pip_args: list[str],
include_injected: bool,
skip: Sequence[str],
force: bool,
python_flag_passed: bool = False,
) -> ExitCode:
"""Return pipx exit code."""
failed: list[str] = []
upgraded: list[str] = []
for venv_dir in venv_container.iter_venv_dirs():
venv = Venv(venv_dir, verbose=verbose)
venv.check_upgrade_shared_libs(pip_args=pip_args, verbose=verbose)
if venv_dir.name in skip or "--editable" in venv.pipx_metadata.main_package.pip_args:
continue
try:
versions_updated = _upgrade_venv(
venv_dir,
venv.pipx_metadata.main_package.pip_args,
verbose=verbose,
include_injected=include_injected,
upgrading_all=True,
force=force,
python_flag_passed=python_flag_passed,
)
if versions_updated > 0:
upgraded.append(venv_dir.name)
except PipxError as e:
print(e, file=sys.stderr)
failed.append(venv_dir.name)
if len(upgraded) == 0:
print(f"No packages upgraded after running 'pipx upgrade-all' {sleep}")
if len(failed) > 0:
raise PipxError(f"The following package(s) failed to upgrade: {','.join(failed)}")
# Any failure to install will raise PipxError, otherwise success
return EXIT_CODE_OK
def upgrade_shared(
verbose: bool,
pip_args: list[str],
) -> ExitCode:
"""Return pipx exit code."""
from pipx.shared_libs import shared_libs # noqa: PLC0415
shared_libs.upgrade(verbose=verbose, pip_args=pip_args, raises=True)
return EXIT_CODE_OK
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/constants.py
================================================
import os
import platform
import sysconfig
from textwrap import dedent
from typing import NewType
PIPX_SHARED_PTH = "pipx_shared.pth"
TEMP_VENV_EXPIRATION_THRESHOLD_DAYS = 14
MINIMUM_PYTHON_VERSION = "3.9"
MAN_SECTIONS = [f"man{i}" for i in range(1, 10)]
FETCH_MISSING_PYTHON = os.environ.get("PIPX_FETCH_MISSING_PYTHON", False)
ExitCode = NewType("ExitCode", int)
# pipx shell exit codes
EXIT_CODE_OK = ExitCode(0)
EXIT_CODE_INJECT_ERROR = ExitCode(1)
EXIT_CODE_UNINJECT_ERROR = ExitCode(1)
EXIT_CODE_INSTALL_VENV_EXISTS = ExitCode(0)
EXIT_CODE_LIST_PROBLEM = ExitCode(1)
EXIT_CODE_UNINSTALL_VENV_NONEXISTENT = ExitCode(1)
EXIT_CODE_UNINSTALL_ERROR = ExitCode(1)
EXIT_CODE_REINSTALL_VENV_NONEXISTENT = ExitCode(1)
EXIT_CODE_REINSTALL_INVALID_PYTHON = ExitCode(1)
EXIT_CODE_SPECIFIED_PYTHON_EXECUTABLE_NOT_FOUND = ExitCode(1)
def is_windows() -> bool:
return platform.system() == "Windows"
def is_macos() -> bool:
return platform.system() == "Darwin"
def is_linux() -> bool:
return platform.system() == "Linux"
def is_mingw() -> bool:
return sysconfig.get_platform().startswith("mingw")
WINDOWS: bool = is_windows()
MACOS: bool = is_macos()
LINUX: bool = is_linux()
MINGW: bool = is_mingw()
completion_instructions = dedent(
"""
If you encountered register-python-argcomplete command not found error,
or if you are using zipapp, run
pipx install argcomplete
before running any of the following commands.
Add the appropriate command to your shell's config file
so that it is run on startup. You will likely have to restart
or re-login for the autocompletion to start working.
bash:
eval "$(register-python-argcomplete pipx)"
zsh:
To activate completions in zsh, first make sure compinit is marked for
autoload and run autoload:
autoload -U compinit && compinit
Afterwards you can enable completions for pipx:
eval "$(register-python-argcomplete pipx)"
NOTE: If your version of argcomplete is earlier than v3, you may need to
have bashcompinit enabled in zsh by running:
autoload -U bashcompinit
bashcompinit
tcsh:
eval `register-python-argcomplete --shell tcsh pipx`
fish:
# Not required to be in the config file, only run once
register-python-argcomplete --shell fish pipx >~/.config/fish/completions/pipx.fish
"""
)
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/emojis.py
================================================
import os
import sys
def strtobool(val: str) -> bool:
val = val.lower()
if val in ("y", "yes", "t", "true", "on", "1"):
return True
elif val in ("n", "no", "f", "false", "off", "0"):
return False
else:
return False
def use_emojis() -> bool:
# All emojis that pipx might possibly use
emoji_test_str = "✨🌟⚠️😴⣷⣯⣟⡿⢿⣻⣽⣾"
try:
emoji_test_str.encode(sys.stderr.encoding)
platform_emoji_support = True
except UnicodeEncodeError:
platform_emoji_support = False
use_emoji = os.getenv("PIPX_USE_EMOJI")
if use_emoji is None:
use_emoji = str(os.getenv("USE_EMOJI", platform_emoji_support))
return strtobool(use_emoji)
EMOJI_SUPPORT = use_emojis()
if EMOJI_SUPPORT:
stars = "✨ 🌟 ✨"
hazard = "⚠️"
error = "⛔"
sleep = "😴"
else:
stars = ""
hazard = ""
error = ""
sleep = ""
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/interpreter.py
================================================
import logging
import os
import shutil
import subprocess
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional
from packaging import version
from pipx.constants import FETCH_MISSING_PYTHON, WINDOWS
from pipx.standalone_python import download_python_build_standalone
from pipx.util import PipxError
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def has_venv() -> bool:
try:
import venv # noqa: F401, PLC0415
except ImportError:
return False
return True
class InterpreterResolutionError(PipxError):
def __init__(self, source: str, version: str, wrap_message: bool = True):
self.source = source
self.version = version
potentially_path = "/" in version
potentially_pylauncher = "python" not in version and not potentially_path
message = (
f"No executable for the provided Python version '{version}' found in {source}."
" Please make sure the provided version is "
)
if source == "py launcher":
message += "listed when running `py --list`."
if source == "PATH":
message += "on your PATH or the file path is valid. "
if potentially_path:
message += "The provided version looks like a path, but no executable was found there."
if potentially_pylauncher:
message += (
"The provided version looks like a version, "
"but both the python command and the Python Launcher were not found on PATH."
)
if source == "the python-build-standalone project":
message += "listed in https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/latest."
super().__init__(message, wrap_message)
def find_unix_command_python(python_version: str) -> Optional[str]:
try:
parsed_python_version = version.parse(python_version)
except version.InvalidVersion:
logger.info(f"Invalid Python version: {python_version}")
return None
if (
parsed_python_version.epoch != 0
or parsed_python_version.is_devrelease
or parsed_python_version.is_postrelease
or parsed_python_version.is_prerelease
):
logger.info(f"Unsupported Python version: {python_version}")
return None
# Python command could be `python3` or `python3.x` without micro version component
python_command = f"python{'.'.join(python_version.split('.')[:2])}"
python_path = shutil.which(python_command)
if not python_path:
logger.info(f"Command `{python_command}` was not found on the system")
return None
if parsed_python_version.micro != 0:
logger.warning(
f"The command '{python_command}' located at '{python_path}' will be used. "
f"It may not match the specified version {python_version} at the micro/patch level."
)
return python_path
def find_python_interpreter(python_version: str, fetch_missing_python: bool = False) -> str:
if Path(python_version).is_file() or shutil.which(python_version):
return python_version
if not WINDOWS:
python_unix_command = find_unix_command_python(python_version)
if python_unix_command:
return python_unix_command
try:
py_executable = find_py_launcher_python(python_version)
if py_executable:
return py_executable
except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, FileNotFoundError) as e:
if not fetch_missing_python and not FETCH_MISSING_PYTHON:
raise InterpreterResolutionError(source="py launcher", version=python_version) from e
if fetch_missing_python or FETCH_MISSING_PYTHON:
try:
return download_python_build_standalone(python_version)
except PipxError as e:
raise InterpreterResolutionError(source="the python-build-standalone project", version=python_version) from e
raise InterpreterResolutionError(source="PATH", version=python_version)
# The following code was copied from https://github.com/uranusjr/pipx-standalone
# which uses the same technique to build a completely standalone pipx
# distribution.
#
# If we are running under the Windows embeddable distribution,
# venv isn't available (and we probably don't want to use the
# embeddable distribution as our applications' base Python anyway)
# so we try to locate the system Python and use that instead.
def find_py_launcher_python(python_version: Optional[str] = None) -> Optional[str]:
py = shutil.which("py")
if py and python_version:
python_semver = python_version
if python_version.startswith("python"):
logger.warning(
"Removing `python` from the start of the version, as pylauncher just expects the semantic version"
)
python_semver = python_semver.lstrip("python")
py = subprocess.run(
[py, f"-{python_semver}", "-c", "import sys; print(sys.executable)"],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
check=True,
).stdout.strip()
return py
def _find_default_windows_python() -> str:
if has_venv():
return sys.executable
python = find_py_launcher_python() or shutil.which("python")
if python is None:
raise PipxError("No suitable Python found")
# If the path contains "WindowsApps", it's the store python
if "WindowsApps" not in python:
return python
# Special treatment to detect Windows Store stub.
# https://twitter.com/zooba/status/1212454929379581952
proc = subprocess.run([python, "-V"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, check=False)
if proc.returncode != 0:
# Cover the 9009 return code preemptively.
raise PipxError("No suitable Python found")
if not proc.stdout.strip():
# A real Python should print version, Windows Store stub won't.
raise PipxError("No suitable Python found")
return python # This executable seems to work.
def _get_sys_executable() -> str:
if WINDOWS:
return _find_default_windows_python()
else:
return str(Path(sys.executable).resolve())
def _get_absolute_python_interpreter(env_python: str) -> str:
which_python = shutil.which(env_python)
if not which_python:
raise PipxError(f"Default python interpreter '{env_python}' is invalid.")
return which_python
env_default_python = os.environ.get("PIPX_DEFAULT_PYTHON")
if not env_default_python:
DEFAULT_PYTHON = _get_sys_executable()
else:
DEFAULT_PYTHON = _get_absolute_python_interpreter(env_default_python)
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/main.py
================================================
# PYTHON_ARGCOMPLETE_OK
"""The command line interface to pipx"""
import argparse
import logging
import logging.config
import os
import re
import shlex
import sys
import textwrap
import time
import urllib.parse
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Callable, Optional
import argcomplete
import platformdirs
from packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
from pipx import commands, constants, paths
from pipx.animate import hide_cursor, show_cursor
from pipx.colors import bold, green
from pipx.commands.environment import ENVIRONMENT_VALUE_CHOICES, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES
from pipx.constants import (
EXIT_CODE_OK,
EXIT_CODE_SPECIFIED_PYTHON_EXECUTABLE_NOT_FOUND,
MINIMUM_PYTHON_VERSION,
WINDOWS,
ExitCode,
)
from pipx.emojis import hazard
from pipx.interpreter import (
DEFAULT_PYTHON,
InterpreterResolutionError,
find_python_interpreter,
)
from pipx.package_specifier import valid_pypi_name
from pipx.util import PipxError, mkdir, pipx_wrap, rmdir
from pipx.venv import VenvContainer
from pipx.version import version as __version__
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
VenvCompleter = Callable[[str], list[str]]
def print_version() -> None:
print(__version__)
def prog_name() -> str:
try:
prog = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
if prog == "__main__.py":
return f"{sys.executable} -m pipx"
else:
return prog
except Exception:
pass
return "pipx"
SPEC_HELP = textwrap.dedent(
"""\
The package name or specific installation source passed to pip.
Runs `pip install -U SPEC`.
For example `--spec mypackage==2.0.0` or `--spec git+https://github.com/user/repo.git@branch`
"""
)
PIPX_DESCRIPTION = textwrap.dedent(
f"""
Install and execute apps from Python packages.
Binaries can either be installed globally into isolated Virtual Environments
or run directly in a temporary Virtual Environment.
Virtual Environment location is {paths.ctx.venvs!s}.
Symlinks to apps are placed in {paths.ctx.bin_dir!s}.
Symlinks to manual pages are placed in {paths.ctx.man_dir!s}.
"""
)
PIPX_DESCRIPTION += pipx_wrap(
"""
optional environment variables:
PIPX_HOME Overrides default pipx location. Virtual Environments will be installed to $PIPX_HOME/venvs.
PIPX_GLOBAL_HOME Used instead of PIPX_HOME when the `--global` option is given.
PIPX_BIN_DIR Overrides location of app installations. Apps are symlinked or copied here.
PIPX_GLOBAL_BIN_DIR Used instead of PIPX_BIN_DIR when the `--global` option is given.
PIPX_MAN_DIR Overrides location of manual pages installations. Manual pages are symlinked or copied here.
PIPX_GLOBAL_MAN_DIR Used instead of PIPX_MAN_DIR when the `--global` option is given.
PIPX_DEFAULT_PYTHON Overrides default python used for commands.
PIPX_USE_EMOJI Overrides emoji behavior. Default value varies based on platform.
PIPX_HOME_ALLOW_SPACE Overrides default warning on spaces in the home path
""",
subsequent_indent=" " * 24, # match the indent of argparse options
keep_newlines=True,
)
DOC_DEFAULT_PYTHON = os.getenv("PIPX__DOC_DEFAULT_PYTHON", DEFAULT_PYTHON)
INSTALL_DESCRIPTION = textwrap.dedent(
f"""
The install command is the preferred way to globally install apps
from python packages on your system. It creates an isolated virtual
environment for the package, then ensures the package's apps are
accessible on your $PATH. The package's manual pages installed in
share/man/man[1-9] can be viewed with man on an operating system where
it is available and the path in the environment variable `PIPX_MAN_DIR`
(default: {paths.DEFAULT_PIPX_MAN_DIR}) is in the man search path
($MANPATH).
The result: apps you can run from anywhere, located in packages
you can cleanly upgrade or uninstall. Guaranteed to not have
dependency version conflicts or interfere with your OS's python
packages. 'sudo' is not required to do this.
pipx install PACKAGE_SPEC ...
pipx install --python PYTHON PACKAGE_SPEC
pipx install VCS_URL
pipx install ./LOCAL_PATH
pipx install ZIP_FILE
pipx install TAR_GZ_FILE
The PACKAGE_SPEC argument is passed directly to `pip install`.
Virtual Environments will be installed to `$PIPX_HOME/venvs`.
The default pipx home location is {paths.DEFAULT_PIPX_HOME} and can
be overridden by setting the environment variable `PIPX_HOME`.
If the `--global` option is used, the default pipx home location
instead is {paths.DEFAULT_PIPX_GLOBAL_HOME} and can be overridden
by setting the environment variable `PIPX_GLOBAL_HOME`.
The default app location is {paths.DEFAULT_PIPX_BIN_DIR} and can be
overridden by setting the environment variable `PIPX_BIN_DIR`.
If the `--global` option is used, the default app location instead
is {paths.DEFAULT_PIPX_GLOBAL_BIN_DIR} and can be overridden by
setting the environment variable `PIPX_GLOBAL_BIN_DIR`.
The default manual pages location is {paths.DEFAULT_PIPX_MAN_DIR} and
can be overridden by setting the environment variable `PIPX_MAN_DIR`.
If the `--global` option is used, the default manual pages location
instead is {paths.DEFAULT_PIPX_GLOBAL_MAN_DIR} and can be overridden
by setting the environment variable `PIPX_GLOBAL_MAN_DIR`.
The default python executable used to install a package is
{DOC_DEFAULT_PYTHON} and can be overridden
by setting the environment variable `PIPX_DEFAULT_PYTHON`.
"""
)
class LineWrapRawTextHelpFormatter(argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter):
def _split_lines(self, text: str, width: int) -> list[str]:
text = self._whitespace_matcher.sub(" ", text).strip()
return textwrap.wrap(text, width)
class InstalledVenvsCompleter:
def __init__(self, venv_container: VenvContainer) -> None:
self.packages = [str(p.name) for p in sorted(venv_container.iter_venv_dirs())]
def use(self, prefix: str, **kwargs: Any) -> list[str]:
return [f"{prefix}{x[len(prefix) :]}" for x in self.packages if x.startswith(canonicalize_name(prefix))]
def get_pip_args(parsed_args: dict[str, str]) -> list[str]:
pip_args: list[str] = []
if parsed_args.get("index_url"):
pip_args += ["--index-url", parsed_args["index_url"]]
if parsed_args.get("pip_args"):
# Stripping the single quote that can be parsed from several shells
pip_args_striped = parsed_args["pip_args"].strip("'")
pip_args += shlex.split(pip_args_striped, posix=not WINDOWS)
# make sure --editable is last because it needs to be right before
# package specification
if parsed_args.get("editable"):
pip_args += ["--editable"]
return pip_args
def get_runpip_args(pip_args: list[str]) -> list[str]:
if len(pip_args) != 1:
return pip_args
candidate = pip_args[0]
# Allow a single quoted string like "install black".
if not any(char.isspace() for char in candidate):
return pip_args
split_args = shlex.split(candidate, posix=not WINDOWS)
return split_args or pip_args
def get_venv_args(parsed_args: dict[str, str]) -> list[str]:
venv_args: list[str] = []
if parsed_args.get("system_site_packages"):
venv_args += ["--system-site-packages"]
return venv_args
def package_is_url(package: str, raise_error: bool = True) -> bool:
url_parse_package = urllib.parse.urlparse(package)
if url_parse_package.scheme and url_parse_package.netloc:
if not raise_error:
return True
raise PipxError("Package cannot be a URL. A valid package name should be passed instead.")
return False
def package_is_path(package: str):
if os.path.sep in package or Path(package).exists():
raise PipxError(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
Error: '{package}' looks like a path.
Expected the name of an installed package.
"""
)
)
def run_pipx_command(args: argparse.Namespace, subparsers: dict[str, argparse.ArgumentParser]) -> ExitCode: # noqa: C901
verbose = args.verbose if "verbose" in args else False
pip_args = get_pip_args(vars(args))
venv_args = get_venv_args(vars(args))
venv_container = VenvContainer(paths.ctx.venvs)
if "package" in args:
package = args.package
package_is_url(package)
package_is_path(package)
if "spec" in args and args.spec is not None:
if package_is_url(args.spec, raise_error=False):
if "#egg=" not in args.spec:
args.spec = args.spec + f"#egg={package}"
venv_dir = venv_container.get_venv_dir(valid_pypi_name(package) or package)
logger.info(f"Virtual Environment location is {venv_dir}")
if "packages" in args:
for package in args.packages:
package_is_url(package)
package_is_path(package)
venv_dirs = {
package: venv_container.get_venv_dir(valid_pypi_name(package) or package) for package in args.packages
}
venv_dirs_msg = "\n".join(f"- {key} : {value}" for key, value in venv_dirs.items())
logger.info(f"Virtual Environment locations are:\n{venv_dirs_msg}")
if "skip" in args:
skip_list = [canonicalize_name(x) for x in args.skip]
python_flag_passed = False
if "python" in args:
python_flag_passed = bool(args.python)
fetch_missing_python = args.fetch_missing_python
try:
interpreter = find_python_interpreter(
args.python or DEFAULT_PYTHON, fetch_missing_python=fetch_missing_python
)
args.python = interpreter
except InterpreterResolutionError as e:
logger.debug("Failed to resolve interpreter:", exc_info=True)
print(
pipx_wrap(
f"{hazard} {e}",
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
return EXIT_CODE_SPECIFIED_PYTHON_EXECUTABLE_NOT_FOUND
if args.command == "run":
commands.run(
args.app_with_args[0],
args.spec,
args.with_,
args.path,
args.app_with_args[1:],
args.python,
pip_args,
venv_args,
args.pypackages,
verbose,
not args.no_cache,
)
# We should never reach here because run() is NoReturn.
return ExitCode(1) # type: ignore[unreachable]
elif args.command == "install":
return commands.install(
None,
None,
args.package_spec,
paths.ctx.bin_dir,
paths.ctx.man_dir,
args.python,
pip_args,
venv_args,
verbose,
force=args.force,
reinstall=False,
include_dependencies=args.include_deps,
preinstall_packages=args.preinstall,
suffix=args.suffix,
python_flag_passed=python_flag_passed,
)
elif args.command == "install-all":
return commands.install_all(
args.spec_metadata_file,
paths.ctx.bin_dir,
paths.ctx.man_dir,
args.python,
pip_args,
venv_args,
verbose,
force=args.force,
)
elif args.command == "inject":
return commands.inject(
venv_dir,
args.dependencies,
args.requirements,
pip_args,
verbose=verbose,
include_apps=args.include_apps,
include_dependencies=args.include_deps,
force=args.force,
suffix=args.with_suffix,
)
elif args.command == "uninject":
return commands.uninject(
venv_dir,
args.dependencies,
local_bin_dir=paths.ctx.bin_dir,
local_man_dir=paths.ctx.man_dir,
leave_deps=args.leave_deps,
verbose=verbose,
)
elif args.command == "upgrade":
return commands.upgrade(
venv_dirs,
args.python,
pip_args,
venv_args,
verbose,
include_injected=args.include_injected,
force=args.force,
install=args.install,
python_flag_passed=python_flag_passed,
)
elif args.command == "upgrade-all":
return commands.upgrade_all(
venv_container,
verbose,
include_injected=args.include_injected,
skip=skip_list,
force=args.force,
pip_args=pip_args,
python_flag_passed=python_flag_passed,
)
elif args.command == "upgrade-shared":
return commands.upgrade_shared(
verbose,
pip_args,
)
elif args.command == "list":
return commands.list_packages(
venv_container,
args.include_injected,
args.json,
args.short,
args.pinned,
)
elif args.command == "interpreter":
if args.interpreter_command == "list":
return commands.list_interpreters(venv_container)
elif args.interpreter_command == "prune":
return commands.prune_interpreters(venv_container)
elif args.interpreter_command == "upgrade":
return commands.upgrade_interpreters(venv_container, verbose)
elif args.interpreter_command is None:
subparsers["interpreter"].print_help()
return EXIT_CODE_OK
else:
raise PipxError(f"Unknown interpreter command {args.interpreter_command}")
elif args.command == "pin":
return commands.pin(venv_dir, verbose, skip_list, args.injected_only)
elif args.command == "unpin":
return commands.unpin(venv_dir, verbose)
elif args.command == "uninstall":
return commands.uninstall(venv_dir, paths.ctx.bin_dir, paths.ctx.man_dir, verbose)
elif args.command == "uninstall-all":
return commands.uninstall_all(
venv_container,
paths.ctx.bin_dir,
paths.ctx.man_dir,
verbose,
)
elif args.command == "reinstall":
return commands.reinstall(
venv_dir=venv_dir,
local_bin_dir=paths.ctx.bin_dir,
local_man_dir=paths.ctx.man_dir,
python=args.python,
verbose=verbose,
python_flag_passed=python_flag_passed,
)
elif args.command == "reinstall-all":
return commands.reinstall_all(
venv_container,
paths.ctx.bin_dir,
paths.ctx.man_dir,
args.python,
verbose,
skip=skip_list,
python_flag_passed=python_flag_passed,
)
elif args.command == "runpip":
if not venv_dir: # type: ignore[truthy-bool]
raise PipxError("Developer error: venv_dir is not defined.")
runpip_args = get_runpip_args(args.pipargs)
return commands.run_pip(package, venv_dir, runpip_args, args.verbose)
elif args.command == "ensurepath":
try:
return commands.ensure_pipx_paths(prepend=args.prepend, force=args.force, all_shells=args.all_shells)
except Exception as e:
logger.debug("Uncaught Exception:", exc_info=True)
raise PipxError(str(e), wrap_message=False) from None
elif args.command == "completions":
print(constants.completion_instructions)
return ExitCode(0)
elif args.command == "environment":
return commands.environment(value=args.value)
else:
raise PipxError(f"Unknown command {args.command}")
def add_pip_venv_args(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
parser.add_argument(
"--system-site-packages",
action="store_true",
help="Give the virtual environment access to the system site-packages dir.",
)
parser.add_argument("--index-url", "-i", help="Base URL of Python Package Index")
parser.add_argument(
"--editable",
"-e",
help="Install a project in editable mode",
action="store_true",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--pip-args",
help="Arbitrary pip arguments to pass directly to pip install/upgrade commands",
)
def add_include_dependencies(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
parser.add_argument("--include-deps", help="Include apps of dependent packages", action="store_true")
def add_python_options(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
parser.add_argument(
"--python",
help=(
"Python to install with. Possible values can be the executable name (python3.11), "
"the version of an available system Python or to pass to py launcher (3.11), "
f"or the full path to the executable. Requires Python {MINIMUM_PYTHON_VERSION} or above."
),
)
parser.add_argument(
"--fetch-missing-python",
action="store_true",
help=(
"Whether to fetch a standalone python build from GitHub if the specified python version is not found locally on the system."
),
)
def _add_install(subparsers: argparse._SubParsersAction, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
p = subparsers.add_parser(
"install",
help="Install a package",
formatter_class=LineWrapRawTextHelpFormatter,
description=INSTALL_DESCRIPTION,
parents=[shared_parser],
)
p.add_argument("package_spec", help="package name(s) or pip installation spec(s)", nargs="+")
add_include_dependencies(p)
p.add_argument(
"--force",
"-f",
action="store_true",
help="Modify existing virtual environment and files in PIPX_BIN_DIR and PIPX_MAN_DIR",
)
p.add_argument(
"--suffix",
default="",
help=(
"Optional suffix for virtual environment and executable names. "
"NOTE: The suffix feature is experimental and subject to change."
),
)
add_python_options(p)
p.add_argument(
"--preinstall",
action="append",
help=(
"Optional package to be installed into the Virtual Environment before "
"installing the main package. Use this flag multiple times if you want to preinstall multiple packages."
),
)
add_pip_venv_args(p)
def _add_install_all(subparsers: argparse._SubParsersAction, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
p = subparsers.add_parser(
"install-all",
help="Install all packages",
formatter_class=LineWrapRawTextHelpFormatter,
description="Installs all the packages according to spec metadata file.",
parents=[shared_parser],
)
p.add_argument("spec_metadata_file", help="Spec metadata file generated from pipx list --json")
p.add_argument(
"--force",
"-f",
action="store_true",
help="Modify existing virtual environment and files in PIPX_BIN_DIR and PIPX_MAN_DIR",
)
add_python_options(p)
add_pip_venv_args(p)
def _add_inject(subparsers, venv_completer: VenvCompleter, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
p = subparsers.add_parser(
"inject",
help="Install packages into an existing Virtual Environment",
description="Installs packages to an existing pipx-managed virtual environment.",
parents=[shared_parser],
)
p.add_argument(
"package",
help="Name of the existing pipx-managed Virtual Environment to inject into",
).completer = venv_completer
p.add_argument(
"dependencies",
nargs="*",
help="the packages to inject into the Virtual Environment--either package name or pip package spec",
)
p.add_argument(
"-r",
"--requirement",
dest="requirements",
action="append",
default=[],
metavar="file",
help=(
"file containing the packages to inject into the Virtual Environment--"
"one package name or pip package spec per line. "
"May be specified multiple times."
),
)
p.add_argument(
"--include-apps",
action="store_true",
help="Add apps from the injected packages onto your PATH and expose their manual pages",
)
p.add_argument(
"--include-deps",
help="Include apps of dependent packages. Implies --include-apps",
action="store_true",
)
add_pip_venv_args(p)
p.add_argument(
"--force",
"-f",
action="store_true",
help="Modify existing virtual environment and files in PIPX_BIN_DIR and PIPX_MAN_DIR",
)
p.add_argument(
"--with-suffix",
action="store_true",
help="Add the suffix (if given) of the Virtual Environment to the packages to inject",
)
def _add_uninject(subparsers, venv_completer: VenvCompleter, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser):
p = subparsers.add_parser(
"uninject",
help="Uninstall injected packages from an existing Virtual Environment",
description="Uninstalls injected packages from an existing pipx-managed virtual environment.",
parents=[shared_parser],
)
p.add_argument(
"package",
help="Name of the existing pipx-managed Virtual Environment to inject into",
).completer = venv_completer
p.add_argument(
"dependencies",
nargs="+",
help="the package names to uninject from the Virtual Environment",
)
p.add_argument(
"--leave-deps",
action="store_true",
help="Only uninstall the main injected package but leave its dependencies installed.",
)
def _add_pin(subparsers, venv_completer: VenvCompleter, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
p = subparsers.add_parser(
"pin",
help="Pin the specified package to prevent it from being upgraded",
description="Pin the specified package to prevent it from being upgraded",
parents=[shared_parser],
)
p.add_argument("package", help="Installed package to pin")
p.add_argument(
"--injected-only",
action="store_true",
help=(
"Pin injected packages in venv only, so that they will not be upgraded during upgrade operations. "
"Note that this should not be passed if you wish to pin both main package and injected packages."
),
)
p.add_argument(
"--skip",
nargs="+",
default=[],
help="Skip these packages. Implies `--injected-only`.",
)
def _add_unpin(subparsers, venv_completer: VenvCompleter, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
p = subparsers.add_parser(
"unpin",
help="Unpin the specified package",
description="Unpin the specified package and all injected packages in its venv to allow them to be upgraded",
parents=[shared_parser],
)
p.add_argument("package", help="Installed package to unpin")
def _add_upgrade(subparsers, venv_completer: VenvCompleter, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
p = subparsers.add_parser(
"upgrade",
help="Upgrade a package",
description="Upgrade package(s) in pipx-managed Virtual Environment(s) by running 'pip install --upgrade PACKAGE'",
parents=[shared_parser],
)
p.add_argument("packages", help="package names(s) to upgrade", nargs="+").completer = venv_completer
p.add_argument(
"--include-injected",
action="store_true",
help="Also upgrade packages injected into the main app's environment",
)
p.add_argument(
"--force",
"-f",
action="store_true",
help="Modify existing virtual environment and files in PIPX_BIN_DIR and PIPX_MAN_DIR",
)
add_pip_venv_args(p)
p.add_argument(
"--install",
action="store_true",
help="Install package spec if missing",
)
add_python_options(p)
def _add_upgrade_all(subparsers: argparse._SubParsersAction, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
p = subparsers.add_parser(
"upgrade-all",
help="Upgrade all packages. Runs `pip install -U ` for each package.",
description="Upgrades all packages within their virtual environments by running 'pip install --upgrade PACKAGE'",
parents=[shared_parser],
)
p.add_argument(
"--include-injected",
action="store_true",
help="Also upgrade packages injected into the main app's environment",
)
p.add_argument("--skip", nargs="+", default=[], help="skip these packages")
p.add_argument(
"--force",
"-f",
action="store_true",
help="Modify existing virtual environment and files in PIPX_BIN_DIR and PIPX_MAN_DIR",
)
def _add_upgrade_shared(subparsers: argparse._SubParsersAction, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
p = subparsers.add_parser(
"upgrade-shared",
help="Upgrade shared libraries.",
description="Upgrade shared libraries.",
parents=[shared_parser],
)
p.add_argument(
"--pip-args",
help="Arbitrary pip arguments to pass directly to pip install/upgrade commands",
)
def _add_uninstall(subparsers, venv_completer: VenvCompleter, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
p = subparsers.add_parser(
"uninstall",
help="Uninstall a package",
description="Uninstalls a pipx-managed Virtual Environment by deleting it and any files that point to its apps.",
parents=[shared_parser],
)
p.add_argument("package").completer = venv_completer
def _add_uninstall_all(subparsers: argparse._SubParsersAction, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
subparsers.add_parser(
"uninstall-all",
help="Uninstall all packages",
description="Uninstall all pipx-managed packages",
parents=[shared_parser],
)
def _add_reinstall(subparsers, venv_completer: VenvCompleter, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
p = subparsers.add_parser(
"reinstall",
formatter_class=LineWrapRawTextHelpFormatter,
help="Reinstall a package",
description=textwrap.dedent(
"""
Reinstalls a package.
Package is uninstalled, then installed with pipx install PACKAGE
with the same options used in the original install of PACKAGE.
"""
),
parents=[shared_parser],
)
p.add_argument("package").completer = venv_completer
add_python_options(p)
def _add_reinstall_all(subparsers: argparse._SubParsersAction, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
p = subparsers.add_parser(
"reinstall-all",
formatter_class=LineWrapRawTextHelpFormatter,
help="Reinstall all packages",
description=textwrap.dedent(
"""
Reinstalls all packages.
Packages are uninstalled, then installed with pipx install PACKAGE
with the same options used in the original install of PACKAGE.
This is useful if you upgraded to a new version of Python and want
all your packages to use the latest as well.
"""
),
parents=[shared_parser],
)
add_python_options(p)
p.add_argument("--skip", nargs="+", default=[], help="skip these packages")
def _add_list(subparsers: argparse._SubParsersAction, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
p = subparsers.add_parser(
"list",
help="List installed packages",
description="List packages and apps installed with pipx",
parents=[shared_parser],
)
p.add_argument(
"--include-injected",
action="store_true",
help="Show packages injected into the main app's environment",
)
g = p.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
g.add_argument("--json", action="store_true", help="Output rich data in json format.")
g.add_argument("--short", action="store_true", help="List packages only.")
g.add_argument(
"--pinned",
action="store_true",
help="List pinned packages only. Pass --include-injected at the same time to list injected packages that were pinned.",
)
g.add_argument("--skip-maintenance", action="store_true", help="(deprecated) No-op")
def _add_interpreter(
subparsers: argparse._SubParsersAction, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser
) -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
p: argparse.ArgumentParser = subparsers.add_parser(
"interpreter",
help="Interact with interpreters managed by pipx",
description="Interact with interpreters managed by pipx",
parents=[shared_parser],
)
s = p.add_subparsers(
title="subcommands",
description="Get help for commands with pipx interpreter COMMAND --help",
dest="interpreter_command",
)
s.add_parser("list", help="List available interpreters", description="List available interpreters")
s.add_parser("prune", help="Prune unused interpreters", description="Prune unused interpreters")
s.add_parser(
"upgrade",
help="Upgrade installed interpreters to the latest available micro/patch version",
description="Upgrade installed interpreters to the latest available micro/patch version",
)
return p
def _add_run(subparsers: argparse._SubParsersAction, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
p = subparsers.add_parser(
"run",
formatter_class=LineWrapRawTextHelpFormatter,
help=(
"Download the latest version of a package to a temporary virtual environment, "
"then run an app from it. Also compatible with local `__pypackages__` "
"directory (experimental)."
),
description=textwrap.dedent(
f"""
Download the latest version of a package to a temporary virtual environment,
then run an app from it. The environment will be cached
and reused for up to {constants.TEMP_VENV_EXPIRATION_THRESHOLD_DAYS} days. This
means subsequent calls to 'run' for the same package will be faster
since they can reuse the cached Virtual Environment.
In support of PEP 582 'run' will use apps found in a local __pypackages__
directory, if present. Please note that this behavior is experimental,
and acts as a companion tool to pythonloc. It may be modified or
removed in the future. See https://github.com/cs01/pythonloc.
"""
),
parents=[shared_parser],
)
p.add_argument(
"--no-cache",
action="store_true",
help="Do not reuse cached virtual environment if it exists",
)
p.add_argument(
"app_with_args",
metavar="app ...",
nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
help="app/package name and any arguments to be passed to it",
default=[],
)
p.add_argument("--path", action="store_true", help="Interpret app name as a local path")
p.add_argument(
"--pypackages",
action="store_true",
help="Require app to be run from local __pypackages__ directory",
)
p.add_argument(
"--with",
dest="with_",
action="append",
default=[],
help="Extra dependencies to add to the temporary environment",
)
p.add_argument("--spec", help=SPEC_HELP)
add_python_options(p)
add_pip_venv_args(p)
p.set_defaults(subparser=p)
# modify usage text to show required app argument
p.usage = re.sub(r"^usage: ", "", p.format_usage())
# add a double-dash to usage text to show requirement before app
p.usage = re.sub(r"\.\.\.", "app ...", p.usage)
def _add_runpip(subparsers, venv_completer: VenvCompleter, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
p = subparsers.add_parser(
"runpip",
help="Run pip in an existing pipx-managed Virtual Environment",
description="Run pip in an existing pipx-managed Virtual Environment",
parents=[shared_parser],
)
p.add_argument(
"package",
help="Name of the existing pipx-managed Virtual Environment to run pip in",
).completer = venv_completer
p.add_argument(
"pipargs",
nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
default=[],
help="Arguments to forward to pip command",
)
def _add_ensurepath(subparsers: argparse._SubParsersAction, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
p = subparsers.add_parser(
"ensurepath",
help=("Ensure directories necessary for pipx operation are in your PATH environment variable."),
description=(
"Ensure directory where pipx stores apps is in your "
"PATH environment variable. Also if pipx was installed via "
"`pip install --user`, ensure pipx itself is in your PATH. "
"Note that running this may modify "
"your shell's configuration file(s) such as '~/.bashrc'."
),
parents=[shared_parser],
)
p.add_argument(
"--prepend",
action="store_true",
help=(
"Prepend directories to your PATH instead of appending. "
"This is useful if you want to prioritize pipx apps over system apps."
),
)
p.add_argument(
"--force",
"-f",
action="store_true",
help=(
"Add text to your shell's config file even if it looks like your "
"PATH already contains paths to pipx and pipx-install apps."
),
)
p.add_argument(
"--all-shells",
action="store_true",
help=("Add directories to PATH in all shells instead of just the current one."),
)
def _add_environment(subparsers: argparse._SubParsersAction, shared_parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
p = subparsers.add_parser(
"environment",
formatter_class=LineWrapRawTextHelpFormatter,
help="Print a list of environment variables and paths used by pipx.",
description=textwrap.dedent(
"""
Prints the names and current values of environment variables used by pipx,
followed by internal pipx variables which are derived from the environment
variables and platform specific default values.
Available variables:
"""
)
+ textwrap.fill(", ".join(ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES), break_long_words=False),
parents=[shared_parser],
)
p.add_argument(
"--value",
"-V",
choices=ENVIRONMENT_VALUE_CHOICES,
metavar="VARIABLE",
help="Print the value of the variable.",
)
def get_command_parser() -> tuple[argparse.ArgumentParser, dict[str, argparse.ArgumentParser]]:
venv_container = VenvContainer(paths.ctx.venvs)
completer_venvs = InstalledVenvsCompleter(venv_container)
shared_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
shared_parser.add_argument(
"--quiet",
"-q",
action="count",
default=0,
help=(
"Give less output. May be used multiple times corresponding to the"
" ERROR and CRITICAL logging levels. The count maxes out at 2."
),
)
shared_parser.add_argument(
"--verbose",
"-v",
action="count",
default=0,
help=(
"Give more output. May be used multiple times corresponding to the"
" INFO, DEBUG and NOTSET logging levels. The count maxes out at 3."
),
)
if not constants.WINDOWS:
shared_parser.add_argument(
"--global",
action="store_true",
dest="is_global",
help="Perform action globally for all users.",
)
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
prog=prog_name(),
formatter_class=LineWrapRawTextHelpFormatter,
description=PIPX_DESCRIPTION,
)
parser.man_short_description = PIPX_DESCRIPTION.splitlines()[1] # type: ignore[attr-defined]
parser.add_argument(
"--quiet",
"-q",
action="count",
default=0,
help=(
"Give less output. May be used multiple times corresponding to the"
" ERROR and CRITICAL logging levels. The count maxes out at 2."
),
)
parser.add_argument(
"--verbose",
"-v",
action="count",
default=0,
help=(
"Give more output. May be used multiple times corresponding to the"
" INFO, DEBUG and NOTSET logging levels. The count maxes out at 3."
),
)
subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command", description="Get help for commands with pipx COMMAND --help")
subparsers_with_subcommands = {}
_add_install(subparsers, shared_parser)
_add_install_all(subparsers, shared_parser)
_add_uninject(subparsers, completer_venvs.use, shared_parser)
_add_inject(subparsers, completer_venvs.use, shared_parser)
_add_pin(subparsers, completer_venvs.use, shared_parser)
_add_unpin(subparsers, completer_venvs.use, shared_parser)
_add_upgrade(subparsers, completer_venvs.use, shared_parser)
_add_upgrade_all(subparsers, shared_parser)
_add_upgrade_shared(subparsers, shared_parser)
_add_uninstall(subparsers, completer_venvs.use, shared_parser)
_add_uninstall_all(subparsers, shared_parser)
_add_reinstall(subparsers, completer_venvs.use, shared_parser)
_add_reinstall_all(subparsers, shared_parser)
_add_list(subparsers, shared_parser)
subparsers_with_subcommands["interpreter"] = _add_interpreter(subparsers, shared_parser)
_add_run(subparsers, shared_parser)
_add_runpip(subparsers, completer_venvs.use, shared_parser)
_add_ensurepath(subparsers, shared_parser)
_add_environment(subparsers, shared_parser)
parser.add_argument("--version", action="store_true", help="Print version and exit")
subparsers.add_parser(
"completions",
help="Print instructions on enabling shell completions for pipx",
description="Print instructions on enabling shell completions for pipx",
parents=[shared_parser],
)
return parser, subparsers_with_subcommands
def delete_oldest_logs(file_list: list[Path], keep_number: int) -> None:
file_list = sorted(file_list)
if len(file_list) > keep_number:
for existing_file in file_list[:-keep_number]:
try:
existing_file.unlink()
except FileNotFoundError:
pass
def _setup_log_file(pipx_log_dir: Optional[Path] = None) -> Path:
max_logs = 10
pipx_log_dir = pipx_log_dir or paths.ctx.logs
# don't use utils.mkdir, to prevent emission of log message
pipx_log_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
delete_oldest_logs(list(pipx_log_dir.glob("cmd_*[0-9].log")), max_logs)
delete_oldest_logs(list(pipx_log_dir.glob("cmd_*_pip_errors.log")), max_logs)
datetime_str = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H.%M.%S")
log_file = pipx_log_dir / f"cmd_{datetime_str}.log"
counter = 1
while log_file.exists() and counter < 10:
log_file = pipx_log_dir / f"cmd_{datetime_str}_{counter}.log"
counter += 1
log_file.touch()
return log_file
def setup_log_file() -> Path:
try:
return _setup_log_file()
except PermissionError:
return _setup_log_file(platformdirs.user_log_path("pipx"))
def setup_logging(verbose: int) -> None:
pipx_str = (sys.stdout and sys.stdout.isatty() and bold(green("pipx >"))) or "pipx >"
paths.ctx.log_file = setup_log_file()
# Determine logging level, a value between 0 and 50
level_number = min(max(0, logging.WARNING - 10 * verbose), 50)
level = logging.getLevelName(level_number)
# "incremental" is False so previous pytest tests don't accumulate handlers
logging_config = {
"version": 1,
"formatters": {
"stream_nonverbose": {
"class": "logging.Formatter",
"format": "{message}",
"style": "{",
},
"stream_verbose": {
"class": "logging.Formatter",
"format": pipx_str + "({funcName}:{lineno}): {message}",
"style": "{",
},
"file": {
"class": "logging.Formatter",
"format": "{relativeCreated: >8.1f}ms ({funcName}:{lineno}): {message}",
"style": "{",
},
},
"handlers": {
"stream": {
"class": "logging.StreamHandler",
"formatter": "stream_verbose" if verbose else "stream_nonverbose",
"level": level,
},
"file": {
"class": "logging.FileHandler",
"formatter": "file",
"filename": str(paths.ctx.log_file),
"encoding": "utf-8",
"level": "DEBUG",
},
},
"loggers": {"pipx": {"handlers": ["stream", "file"], "level": "DEBUG"}},
"incremental": False,
}
logging.config.dictConfig(logging_config)
def setup(args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
if "version" in args and args.version:
print_version()
sys.exit(0)
if not constants.WINDOWS and args.is_global:
paths.ctx.make_global()
verbose = args.verbose - args.quiet
setup_logging(verbose)
logger.debug(f"{time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}")
logger.debug(f"{' '.join(sys.argv)}")
logger.info(f"pipx version is {__version__}")
logger.info(f"Default python interpreter is '{DEFAULT_PYTHON}'")
mkdir(paths.ctx.venvs)
mkdir(paths.ctx.bin_dir)
mkdir(paths.ctx.man_dir)
mkdir(paths.ctx.venv_cache)
mkdir(paths.ctx.standalone_python_cachedir)
for cachedir in [
paths.ctx.venv_cache,
paths.ctx.standalone_python_cachedir,
]:
cachedir_tag = cachedir / "CACHEDIR.TAG"
if not cachedir_tag.exists():
logger.debug("Adding CACHEDIR.TAG to cache directory")
signature = (
"Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55\n"
"# This file is a cache directory tag created by pipx.\n"
"# For information about cache directory tags, see:\n"
"# https://bford.info/cachedir/\n"
)
with open(cachedir_tag, "w") as file:
file.write(signature)
rmdir(paths.ctx.trash, False)
old_pipx_venv_location = paths.ctx.venvs / "pipx-app"
if old_pipx_venv_location.exists():
logger.warning(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{hazard} A virtual environment for pipx was detected at
{old_pipx_venv_location!s}. The 'pipx-app' package has been
renamed back to 'pipx'
(https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/82).
""",
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
def check_args(parsed_pipx_args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
if parsed_pipx_args.command == "run":
# we manually discard a first -- because using nargs=argparse.REMAINDER
# will not do it automatically
if parsed_pipx_args.app_with_args and parsed_pipx_args.app_with_args[0] == "--":
parsed_pipx_args.app_with_args.pop(0)
# since we would like app to be required but not in a separate argparse
# add_argument, we implement our own missing required arg error
if not parsed_pipx_args.app_with_args:
parsed_pipx_args.subparser.error("the following arguments are required: app")
def cli() -> ExitCode:
"""Entry point from command line"""
try:
hide_cursor()
parser, subparsers = get_command_parser()
argcomplete.autocomplete(parser, always_complete_options=False)
parsed_pipx_args = parser.parse_args()
setup(parsed_pipx_args)
check_args(parsed_pipx_args)
if not parsed_pipx_args.command:
parser.print_help()
return ExitCode(1)
return run_pipx_command(parsed_pipx_args, subparsers)
except PipxError as e:
print(str(e), file=sys.stderr)
logger.debug(f"PipxError: {e}", exc_info=True)
return ExitCode(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
return ExitCode(1)
except Exception:
logger.debug("Uncaught Exception:", exc_info=True)
raise
finally:
logger.debug("pipx finished.")
show_cursor()
if __name__ == "__main__":
sys.exit(cli())
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/package_specifier.py
================================================
# Valid package specifiers for pipx:
# PEP508-compliant
# git+
#
#
#
#
import logging
import re
import urllib.parse
from dataclasses import dataclass
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional
from packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
from packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
from pipx.emojis import hazard
from pipx.util import PipxError, pipx_wrap
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS = (".whl", ".tar.gz", ".zip")
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class ParsedPackage:
valid_pep508: Optional[Requirement]
valid_url: Optional[str]
valid_local_path: Optional[str]
def _split_path_extras(package_spec: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
"""Returns (path, extras_string)"""
package_spec_extras_re = re.search(r"(.+)(\[.+\])", package_spec)
if package_spec_extras_re:
return (package_spec_extras_re.group(1), package_spec_extras_re.group(2))
else:
return (package_spec, "")
def _check_package_path(package_path: str) -> tuple[Path, bool]:
pkg_path = Path(package_path)
pkg_path_exists = pkg_path.exists()
return (pkg_path, pkg_path_exists)
def _parse_specifier(package_spec: str) -> ParsedPackage:
"""Parse package_spec as would be given to pipx"""
# If package_spec is valid pypi name, pip will always treat it as a
# pypi package, not checking for local path.
# We replicate pypi precedence here (only non-valid-pypi names
# initiate check for local path, e.g. './package-name')
valid_pep508 = None
valid_url = None
valid_local_path = None
try:
package_req = Requirement(package_spec)
except InvalidRequirement:
# not a valid PEP508 package specification
pass
else:
# valid PEP508 package specification
valid_pep508 = package_req
if valid_pep508 and package_req.name.endswith(ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS):
# It might be a local archive
(package_path, package_path_exists) = _check_package_path(package_req.name)
if package_path_exists:
valid_local_path = str(package_path.resolve())
else:
raise PipxError(f"{package_path} does not exist")
# If this looks like a URL, treat it as such.
if not valid_pep508:
parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlsplit(package_spec)
if parsed_url.scheme and parsed_url.netloc:
valid_url = package_spec
# Treat the input as a local path if it does not look like a PEP 508
# specifier nor a URL. In this case we want to split out the extra part.
if not valid_pep508 and not valid_url:
(package_path_str, package_extras_str) = _split_path_extras(package_spec)
(package_path, package_path_exists) = _check_package_path(package_path_str)
if package_path_exists:
valid_local_path = str(package_path.resolve()) + package_extras_str
if not valid_pep508 and not valid_url and not valid_local_path:
raise PipxError(f"Unable to parse package spec: {package_spec}")
if valid_pep508 and valid_local_path:
# It is a valid local path without "./"
# Use valid_local_path
valid_pep508 = None
return ParsedPackage(
valid_pep508=valid_pep508,
valid_url=valid_url,
valid_local_path=valid_local_path,
)
def package_or_url_from_pep508(requirement: Requirement, remove_version_specifiers: bool = False) -> str:
requirement.marker = None
requirement.name = canonicalize_name(requirement.name)
if remove_version_specifiers:
requirement.specifier = SpecifierSet("")
return str(requirement)
def _parsed_package_to_package_or_url(parsed_package: ParsedPackage, remove_version_specifiers: bool) -> str:
if parsed_package.valid_pep508 is not None:
if parsed_package.valid_pep508.marker is not None:
logger.warning(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{hazard} Ignoring environment markers
({parsed_package.valid_pep508.marker}) in package
specification. Use pipx options to specify this type of
information.
""",
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
package_or_url = package_or_url_from_pep508(
parsed_package.valid_pep508,
remove_version_specifiers=remove_version_specifiers,
)
elif parsed_package.valid_url is not None:
package_or_url = parsed_package.valid_url
elif parsed_package.valid_local_path is not None:
package_or_url = parsed_package.valid_local_path
logger.info(f"cleaned package spec: {package_or_url}")
return package_or_url
def parse_specifier_for_install(package_spec: str, pip_args: list[str]) -> tuple[str, list[str]]:
"""Return package_or_url and pip_args suitable for pip install
Specifically:
* Strip any markers (e.g. python_version > "3.4")
* Ensure --editable is removed for any package_spec not a local path
* Convert local paths to absolute paths
"""
parsed_package = _parse_specifier(package_spec)
package_or_url = _parsed_package_to_package_or_url(parsed_package, remove_version_specifiers=False)
if "--editable" in pip_args and not parsed_package.valid_local_path:
logger.warning(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{hazard} Ignoring --editable install option. pipx disallows it
for anything but a local path, to avoid having to create a new
src/ directory.
""",
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
pip_args.remove("--editable")
for index, option in enumerate(pip_args):
if not option.startswith(("-c", "--constraint")):
continue
if option in ("-c", "--constraint"):
argument_index = index + 1
if argument_index < len(pip_args):
constraints_file = pip_args[argument_index]
pip_args[argument_index] = str(Path(constraints_file).expanduser().resolve())
else: # option == "--constraint=some_path"
option_list = option.split("=")
if len(option_list) == 2:
key, value = option_list
value_path = Path(value).expanduser().resolve()
pip_args[index] = f"{key}={value_path}"
break
return package_or_url, pip_args
def parse_specifier_for_metadata(package_spec: str) -> str:
"""Return package_or_url suitable for pipx metadata
Specifically:
* Strip any markers (e.g. python_version > 3.4)
* Convert local paths to absolute paths
"""
parsed_package = _parse_specifier(package_spec)
return _parsed_package_to_package_or_url(parsed_package, remove_version_specifiers=False)
def parse_specifier_for_upgrade(package_spec: str) -> str:
"""Return package_or_url suitable for pip upgrade
Specifically:
* Strip any version specifiers (e.g. package == 1.5.4)
* Strip any markers (e.g. python_version > 3.4)
* Convert local paths to absolute paths
"""
parsed_package = _parse_specifier(package_spec)
return _parsed_package_to_package_or_url(parsed_package, remove_version_specifiers=True)
def get_extras(package_spec: str) -> set[str]:
parsed_package = _parse_specifier(package_spec)
if parsed_package.valid_pep508 and parsed_package.valid_pep508.extras is not None:
return parsed_package.valid_pep508.extras
elif parsed_package.valid_local_path:
(_, package_extras_str) = _split_path_extras(parsed_package.valid_local_path)
return Requirement("notapackage" + package_extras_str).extras
return set()
def valid_pypi_name(package_spec: str) -> Optional[str]:
try:
package_req = Requirement(package_spec)
except InvalidRequirement:
# not a valid PEP508 package specification
return None
if package_req.url or package_req.name.endswith(ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS):
# package name supplied by user might not match package found in URL,
# also if package name ends with archive extension, it might be a local archive file,
# so force package name determination the long way
return None
return canonicalize_name(package_req.name)
def fix_package_name(package_or_url: str, package_name: str) -> str:
try:
package_req = Requirement(package_or_url)
except InvalidRequirement:
# not a valid PEP508 package specification
return package_or_url
if package_req.name.endswith(ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS):
return str(package_req)
if canonicalize_name(package_req.name) != canonicalize_name(package_name):
logger.warning(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{hazard} Name supplied in package specifier was
{package_req.name!r} but package found has name {package_name!r}.
Using {package_name!r}.
""",
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
package_req.name = package_name
return str(package_req)
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/paths.py
================================================
import logging
import os
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional
from platformdirs import user_cache_path, user_data_path, user_log_path
from pipx.constants import LINUX, WINDOWS
from pipx.emojis import hazard, strtobool
from pipx.util import pipx_wrap
if LINUX:
DEFAULT_PIPX_HOME = Path(user_data_path("pipx"))
FALLBACK_PIPX_HOMES = [Path.home() / ".local/pipx"]
elif WINDOWS:
DEFAULT_PIPX_HOME = Path.home() / "pipx"
FALLBACK_PIPX_HOMES = [Path.home() / ".local/pipx", Path(user_data_path("pipx"))]
else:
DEFAULT_PIPX_HOME = Path.home() / ".local/pipx"
FALLBACK_PIPX_HOMES = [Path(user_data_path("pipx"))]
DEFAULT_PIPX_BIN_DIR = Path.home() / ".local/bin"
DEFAULT_PIPX_MAN_DIR = Path.home() / ".local/share/man"
DEFAULT_PIPX_GLOBAL_HOME = Path("/opt/pipx")
DEFAULT_PIPX_GLOBAL_BIN_DIR = Path("/usr/local/bin")
DEFAULT_PIPX_GLOBAL_MAN_DIR = Path("/usr/local/share/man")
# Overrides for testing
OVERRIDE_PIPX_HOME = None
OVERRIDE_PIPX_BIN_DIR = None
OVERRIDE_PIPX_MAN_DIR = None
OVERRIDE_PIPX_SHARED_LIBS = None
OVERRIDE_PIPX_GLOBAL_HOME = None
OVERRIDE_PIPX_GLOBAL_BIN_DIR = None
OVERRIDE_PIPX_GLOBAL_MAN_DIR = None
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def get_expanded_environ(env_name: str) -> Optional[Path]:
val = os.environ.get(env_name)
if val is not None:
return Path(val).expanduser().resolve()
return val
class _PathContext:
_base_home: Optional[Path]
_default_home: Path
_base_bin: Optional[Path]
_default_bin: Path
_base_man: Optional[Path]
_default_man: Path
_default_log: Path
_default_cache: Path
_default_trash: Path
_base_shared_libs: Optional[Path]
_fallback_home: Optional[Path]
_home_exists: bool
log_file: Optional[Path] = None
def __init__(self):
self.make_local()
@property
def venvs(self) -> Path:
return self.home / "venvs"
@property
def logs(self) -> Path:
if self._home_exists or not LINUX:
return self.home / "logs"
return self._default_log
@property
def trash(self) -> Path:
if self._home_exists:
return self.home / ".trash"
return self._default_trash
@property
def venv_cache(self) -> Path:
if self._home_exists or not LINUX:
return self.home / ".cache"
return self._default_cache
@property
def bin_dir(self) -> Path:
return (self._base_bin or self._default_bin).resolve()
@property
def man_dir(self) -> Path:
return (self._base_man or self._default_man).resolve()
@property
def home(self) -> Path:
if self._base_home:
home = Path(self._base_home)
elif self._fallback_home:
home = self._fallback_home
else:
home = self._default_home
return home.resolve()
@property
def shared_libs(self) -> Path:
return (self._base_shared_libs or self.home / "shared").resolve()
def make_local(self) -> None:
self._base_home = OVERRIDE_PIPX_HOME or get_expanded_environ("PIPX_HOME") # type: ignore[redundant-expr]
self._default_home = DEFAULT_PIPX_HOME
self._base_bin = OVERRIDE_PIPX_BIN_DIR or get_expanded_environ("PIPX_BIN_DIR") # type: ignore[redundant-expr]
self._default_bin = DEFAULT_PIPX_BIN_DIR
self._base_man = OVERRIDE_PIPX_MAN_DIR or get_expanded_environ("PIPX_MAN_DIR") # type: ignore[redundant-expr]
self._default_man = DEFAULT_PIPX_MAN_DIR
self._base_shared_libs = OVERRIDE_PIPX_SHARED_LIBS or get_expanded_environ("PIPX_SHARED_LIBS") # type: ignore[redundant-expr]
self._default_log = Path(user_log_path("pipx"))
self._default_cache = Path(user_cache_path("pipx"))
self._default_trash = self._default_home / "trash"
self._fallback_home = next(iter([fallback for fallback in FALLBACK_PIPX_HOMES if fallback.exists()]), None)
self._home_exists = self._base_home is not None or any(fallback.exists() for fallback in FALLBACK_PIPX_HOMES)
def make_global(self) -> None:
self._base_home = OVERRIDE_PIPX_GLOBAL_HOME or get_expanded_environ("PIPX_GLOBAL_HOME") # type: ignore[redundant-expr]
self._default_home = DEFAULT_PIPX_GLOBAL_HOME
self._base_bin = OVERRIDE_PIPX_GLOBAL_BIN_DIR or get_expanded_environ("PIPX_GLOBAL_BIN_DIR") # type: ignore[redundant-expr]
self._default_bin = DEFAULT_PIPX_GLOBAL_BIN_DIR
self._base_man = OVERRIDE_PIPX_GLOBAL_MAN_DIR or get_expanded_environ("PIPX_GLOBAL_MAN_DIR") # type: ignore[redundant-expr]
self._default_man = DEFAULT_PIPX_GLOBAL_MAN_DIR
self._default_log = self._default_home / "logs"
self._default_cache = self._default_home / ".cache"
self._default_trash = self._default_home / "trash"
self._base_shared_libs = None
self._fallback_home = None
self._home_exists = self._base_home is not None
@property
def standalone_python_cachedir(self) -> Path:
return self.home / "py"
@property
def allow_spaces_in_home_path(self) -> bool:
return strtobool(os.getenv("PIPX_HOME_ALLOW_SPACE", "0"))
def log_warnings(self):
if " " in str(self.home) and not self.allow_spaces_in_home_path:
logger.warning(
pipx_wrap(
(
f"{hazard} Found a space in the pipx home path. We heavily discourage this, due to "
"multiple incompatibilities. Please check our docs for more information on this, "
"as well as some pointers on how to migrate to a different home path."
),
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
logger.warning(
pipx_wrap(
(f"{hazard} To see your PIPX_HOME dir: pipx environment --value PIPX_HOME"),
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
logger.warning(
pipx_wrap(
(f"{hazard} Most likely fix on macOS: mv ~/Library/Application\\ Support/pipx ~/.local/"),
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
fallback_home_exists = self._fallback_home is not None and self._fallback_home.exists()
specific_home_exists = self.home != self._fallback_home
if fallback_home_exists and specific_home_exists:
logger.info(
pipx_wrap(
(
f"Both a specific pipx home folder ({self.home}) and the fallback "
f"pipx home folder ({self._fallback_home}) exist. If you are done migrating from the"
"fallback to the new location, it is safe to delete the fallback location."
),
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
ctx = _PathContext()
ctx.log_warnings()
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/pipx_metadata_file.py
================================================
import json
import logging
from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass, field
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Optional, Union
from pipx.emojis import hazard
from pipx.util import PipxError, pipx_wrap
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
PIPX_INFO_FILENAME = "pipx_metadata.json"
class JsonEncoderHandlesPath(json.JSONEncoder):
def default(self, obj: Any) -> Any:
# only handles what json.JSONEncoder doesn't understand by default
if isinstance(obj, Path):
return {"__type__": "Path", "__Path__": str(obj)}
return super().default(obj)
def _json_decoder_object_hook(json_dict: dict[str, Any]) -> Union[dict[str, Any], Path]:
if json_dict.get("__type__") == "Path" and "__Path__" in json_dict:
return Path(json_dict["__Path__"])
return json_dict
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class PackageInfo:
package: Optional[str]
package_or_url: Optional[str]
pip_args: list[str]
include_dependencies: bool
include_apps: bool
apps: list[str]
app_paths: list[Path]
apps_of_dependencies: list[str]
app_paths_of_dependencies: dict[str, list[Path]]
package_version: str
man_pages: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
man_paths: list[Path] = field(default_factory=list)
man_pages_of_dependencies: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
man_paths_of_dependencies: dict[str, list[Path]] = field(default_factory=dict)
suffix: str = ""
pinned: bool = False
class PipxMetadata:
# Only change this if file format changes
# V0.1 -> original version
# V0.2 -> Improve handling of suffixes
# V0.3 -> Add man pages fields
# V0.4 -> Add source interpreter
# V0.5 -> Add pinned
__METADATA_VERSION__: str = "0.5"
def __init__(self, venv_dir: Path, read: bool = True):
self.venv_dir = venv_dir
# We init this instance with reasonable fallback defaults for all
# members, EXCEPT for those we cannot know:
# self.main_package.package=None
# self.main_package.package_or_url=None
# self.python_version=None
self.main_package = PackageInfo(
package=None,
package_or_url=None,
pip_args=[],
include_dependencies=False,
include_apps=True, # always True for main_package
apps=[],
app_paths=[],
apps_of_dependencies=[],
app_paths_of_dependencies={},
man_pages=[],
man_paths=[],
man_pages_of_dependencies=[],
man_paths_of_dependencies={},
package_version="",
)
self.python_version: Optional[str] = None
self.source_interpreter: Optional[Path] = None
self.venv_args: list[str] = []
self.injected_packages: dict[str, PackageInfo] = {}
if read:
self.read()
def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
return {
"main_package": asdict(self.main_package),
"python_version": self.python_version,
"source_interpreter": self.source_interpreter,
"venv_args": self.venv_args,
"injected_packages": {name: asdict(data) for (name, data) in self.injected_packages.items()},
"pipx_metadata_version": self.__METADATA_VERSION__,
}
def _convert_legacy_metadata(self, metadata_dict: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
if metadata_dict["pipx_metadata_version"] in (self.__METADATA_VERSION__):
pass
elif metadata_dict["pipx_metadata_version"] == "0.4":
metadata_dict["pinned"] = False
elif metadata_dict["pipx_metadata_version"] in ("0.2", "0.3"):
metadata_dict["source_interpreter"] = None
elif metadata_dict["pipx_metadata_version"] == "0.1":
main_package_data = metadata_dict["main_package"]
if main_package_data["package"] != self.venv_dir.name:
# handle older suffixed packages gracefully
main_package_data["suffix"] = self.venv_dir.name.replace(main_package_data["package"], "")
metadata_dict["source_interpreter"] = None
else:
raise PipxError(
f"""
{self.venv_dir.name}: Unknown metadata version
{metadata_dict["pipx_metadata_version"]}. Perhaps it was
installed with a later version of pipx.
"""
)
return metadata_dict
def from_dict(self, input_dict: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
input_dict = self._convert_legacy_metadata(input_dict)
self.main_package = PackageInfo(**input_dict["main_package"])
self.python_version = input_dict["python_version"]
self.source_interpreter = (
Path(input_dict["source_interpreter"]) if input_dict.get("source_interpreter") else None
)
self.venv_args = input_dict["venv_args"]
self.injected_packages = {
f"{name}{data.get('suffix', '')}": PackageInfo(**data)
for (name, data) in input_dict["injected_packages"].items()
}
def _validate_before_write(self) -> None:
if (
self.main_package.package is None
or self.main_package.package_or_url is None
or not self.main_package.include_apps
):
logger.debug(f"PipxMetadata corrupt:\n{self.to_dict()}")
raise PipxError("Internal Error: PipxMetadata is corrupt, cannot write.")
def write(self) -> None:
self._validate_before_write()
try:
with open(self.venv_dir / PIPX_INFO_FILENAME, "w", encoding="utf-8") as pipx_metadata_fh:
json.dump(
self.to_dict(),
pipx_metadata_fh,
indent=4,
sort_keys=True,
cls=JsonEncoderHandlesPath,
)
except OSError:
logger.warning(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{hazard} Unable to write {PIPX_INFO_FILENAME} to
{self.venv_dir}. This may cause future pipx operations
involving {self.venv_dir.name} to fail or behave
incorrectly.
""",
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
def read(self, verbose: bool = False) -> None:
try:
with open(self.venv_dir / PIPX_INFO_FILENAME, "rb") as pipx_metadata_fh:
self.from_dict(json.load(pipx_metadata_fh, object_hook=_json_decoder_object_hook))
except OSError: # Reset self if problem reading
if verbose:
logger.warning(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{hazard} Unable to read {PIPX_INFO_FILENAME} in
{self.venv_dir}. This may cause this or future pipx
operations involving {self.venv_dir.name} to fail or
behave incorrectly.
""",
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
return
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/shared_libs.py
================================================
import datetime
import logging
import time
from configparser import ConfigParser
from contextlib import suppress
from pathlib import Path
from packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
from pipx import paths
from pipx.animate import animate
from pipx.constants import WINDOWS
from pipx.interpreter import DEFAULT_PYTHON
from pipx.util import (
get_site_packages,
get_venv_paths,
run_subprocess,
subprocess_post_check,
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
SHARED_LIBS_MAX_AGE_SEC = datetime.timedelta(days=30).total_seconds()
def _venv_python_is_valid(python_path: Path) -> bool:
"""Check if a venv's Python is valid and its underlying interpreter exists.
On Windows, a venv's python.exe is a wrapper that uses pyvenv.cfg to find
the actual Python installation. If the original Python is uninstalled,
the wrapper exists but cannot execute. This function checks that the
underlying interpreter referenced in pyvenv.cfg still exists.
"""
if not WINDOWS:
return True
pyvenv_cfg = python_path.parent.parent / "pyvenv.cfg"
if not pyvenv_cfg.is_file():
return True
try:
config = ConfigParser()
with open(pyvenv_cfg, encoding="utf-8") as f:
# ConfigParser needs a section header, pyvenv.cfg doesn't have one
config.read_string("[DEFAULT]\n" + f.read())
home = config.get("DEFAULT", "home", fallback=None)
if home:
# The home path points to the directory containing the original python.exe
original_python = Path(home) / "python.exe"
if not original_python.is_file():
logger.info(f"Shared libs venv references a missing Python interpreter: {original_python}")
return False
except Exception:
# If we can't read pyvenv.cfg, assume the venv is valid
pass
return True
class _SharedLibs:
def __init__(self) -> None:
self._site_packages: dict[Path, Path] = {}
self.has_been_updated_this_run = False
self.has_been_logged_this_run = False
@property
def root(self) -> Path:
return paths.ctx.shared_libs
@property
def bin_path(self) -> Path:
bin_path, _, _ = get_venv_paths(self.root)
return bin_path
@property
def python_path(self) -> Path:
_, python_path, _ = get_venv_paths(self.root)
return python_path
@property
def man_path(self) -> Path:
_, _, man_path = get_venv_paths(self.root)
return man_path
@property
def pip_path(self) -> Path:
return self.bin_path / ("pip" if not WINDOWS else "pip.exe")
@property
def site_packages(self) -> Path:
if self.python_path not in self._site_packages:
self._site_packages[self.python_path] = get_site_packages(self.python_path)
return self._site_packages[self.python_path]
def create(self, pip_args: list[str], verbose: bool = False) -> None:
if not self.is_valid:
with animate("creating shared libraries", not verbose):
create_process = run_subprocess(
[DEFAULT_PYTHON, "-m", "venv", "--clear", self.root], run_dir=str(self.root)
)
subprocess_post_check(create_process)
# ignore installed packages to ensure no unexpected patches from the OS vendor
# are used
pip_args = pip_args or []
pip_args.append("--force-reinstall")
self.upgrade(pip_args=pip_args, verbose=verbose, raises=True)
@property
def is_valid(self) -> bool:
if self.python_path.is_file():
# On Windows, check that the venv's underlying Python still exists
if not _venv_python_is_valid(self.python_path):
return False
check_pip = "import importlib.util; print(importlib.util.find_spec('pip'))"
out = run_subprocess(
[self.python_path, "-c", check_pip],
capture_stderr=False,
log_cmd_str="",
).stdout.strip()
return self.pip_path.is_file() and out != "None"
else:
return False
@property
def needs_upgrade(self) -> bool:
if self.has_been_updated_this_run:
return False
if not self.pip_path.is_file():
return True
now = time.time()
time_since_last_update_sec = now - self.pip_path.stat().st_mtime
if not self.has_been_logged_this_run:
logger.info(
f"Time since last upgrade of shared libs, in seconds: {time_since_last_update_sec:.0f}. "
f"Upgrade will be run by pipx if greater than {SHARED_LIBS_MAX_AGE_SEC:.0f}."
)
self.has_been_logged_this_run = True
return time_since_last_update_sec > SHARED_LIBS_MAX_AGE_SEC
def upgrade(self, *, pip_args: list[str], verbose: bool = False, raises: bool = False) -> None:
if not self.is_valid:
self.create(verbose=verbose, pip_args=pip_args)
return
# Don't try to upgrade multiple times per run
if self.has_been_updated_this_run:
logger.info(f"Already upgraded libraries in {self.root}")
return
if pip_args is None:
pip_args = [] # type: ignore[unreachable]
logger.info(f"Upgrading shared libraries in {self.root}")
ignored_args = ["--editable"]
_pip_args = [arg for arg in pip_args if arg not in ignored_args]
if not verbose:
_pip_args.append("-q")
user_pip_req = None
for arg in _pip_args:
with suppress(InvalidRequirement):
if (req := Requirement(arg)).name == "pip":
user_pip_req = req
break
add_default = not user_pip_req or not (user_pip_req.specifier & SpecifierSet(">=23.1"))
install_args = [*_pip_args, "pip >= 23.1"] if add_default else _pip_args
try:
with animate("upgrading shared libraries", not verbose):
upgrade_process = run_subprocess(
[
self.python_path,
"-m",
"pip",
"--no-input",
"--disable-pip-version-check",
"install",
"--upgrade",
*install_args,
]
)
subprocess_post_check(upgrade_process)
self.has_been_updated_this_run = True
self.pip_path.touch()
except Exception:
logger.error("Failed to upgrade shared libraries", exc_info=not raises)
if raises:
raise
shared_libs = _SharedLibs()
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/standalone_python.py
================================================
import datetime
import hashlib
import json
import logging
import platform
import re
import shutil
import tarfile
import tempfile
import urllib.error
from functools import partial
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
from urllib.request import urlopen
from pipx import constants, paths
from pipx.animate import animate
from pipx.util import PipxError
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# Much of the code in this module is adapted with extreme gratitude from
# https://github.com/tusharsadhwani/yen/blob/main/src/yen/github.py
MACHINE_SUFFIX: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {
"Darwin": {
"arm64": ["aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"],
"x86_64": ["x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"],
},
"Linux": {
"aarch64": {
"glibc": ["aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"],
# musl doesn't exist
},
"x86_64": {
"glibc": [
"x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
"x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
],
"musl": ["x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"],
},
},
"Windows": {"AMD64": ["x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"]},
}
GITHUB_API_URL = "https://api.github.com/repos/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/latest"
PYTHON_VERSION_REGEX = re.compile(r"cpython-(\d+\.\d+\.\d+)")
def download_python_build_standalone(python_version: str, override: bool = False):
"""When all other python executable resolutions have failed,
attempt to download and use an appropriate python build
from https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone
and unpack it into the pipx shared directory."""
# python_version can be a bare version number like "3.9" or a "binary name" like python3.10
# we'll convert it to a bare version number
python_version = re.sub(r"[c]?python", "", python_version)
install_dir = paths.ctx.standalone_python_cachedir / python_version
installed_python = install_dir / "python.exe" if constants.WINDOWS else install_dir / "bin" / "python3"
if override:
if install_dir.exists():
shutil.rmtree(install_dir)
else:
if installed_python.exists():
return str(installed_python)
if install_dir.exists():
logger.warning(f"A previous attempt to install python {python_version} failed. Retrying.")
shutil.rmtree(install_dir)
full_version, (download_link, digest) = resolve_python_version(python_version)
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tempdir:
archive = Path(tempdir) / f"python-{full_version}.tar.gz"
download_dir = Path(tempdir) / "download"
# download the python build gz
_download(full_version, download_link, archive)
# unpack the python build
_unpack(full_version, download_link, archive, download_dir, digest)
# the python installation we want is nested in the tarball
# under a directory named 'python'. We move it to the install
# directory
extracted_dir = download_dir / "python"
shutil.move(extracted_dir, install_dir)
return str(installed_python)
def _download(full_version: str, download_link: str, archive: Path):
with animate(f"Downloading python {full_version} build", True):
try:
# python standalone builds are typically ~32MB in size. to avoid
# ballooning memory usage, we read the file in chunks
with urlopen(download_link) as response, open(archive, "wb") as file_handle:
for data in iter(partial(response.read, 32768), b""):
file_handle.write(data)
except urllib.error.URLError as e:
raise PipxError(f"Unable to download python {full_version} build.") from e
def _unpack(full_version, download_link, archive: Path, download_dir: Path, expected_checksum: str):
with animate(f"Unpacking python {full_version} build", True):
# Calculate checksum efficiently
sha256_hash = hashlib.sha256()
with open(archive, "rb") as python_zip:
# Read in chunks to avoid loading the whole file into memory
for chunk in iter(lambda: python_zip.read(32768), b""):
sha256_hash.update(chunk)
checksum = "sha256:" + sha256_hash.hexdigest()
# Validate checksum
if checksum != expected_checksum:
raise PipxError(
f"Checksum mismatch for python {full_version} build. Expected {expected_checksum}, got {checksum}."
)
with tarfile.open(archive, mode="r:gz") as tar:
tar.extractall(download_dir)
def get_or_update_index(use_cache: bool = True):
"""Get or update the index of available python builds from
the python-build-standalone repository."""
index_file = paths.ctx.standalone_python_cachedir / "index.json"
if use_cache and index_file.exists():
index = json.loads(index_file.read_text())
# update index after 30 days
fetched = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(index["fetched"])
if datetime.datetime.now() - fetched > datetime.timedelta(days=30):
index = {}
else:
index = {}
if not index:
releases = get_latest_python_releases()
index = {"fetched": datetime.datetime.now().timestamp(), "releases": releases}
# update index
index_file.write_text(json.dumps(index))
return index
def get_latest_python_releases() -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
"""Returns the list of python download links from the latest github release."""
try:
with urlopen(GITHUB_API_URL) as response:
release_data = json.load(response)
except urllib.error.URLError as e:
# raise
raise PipxError(f"Unable to fetch python-build-standalone release data (from {GITHUB_API_URL}).") from e
return [(asset["browser_download_url"], asset["digest"]) for asset in release_data["assets"]]
def list_pythons(use_cache: bool = True) -> dict[str, tuple[str, str]]:
"""Returns available python versions for your machine and their download links."""
system, machine = platform.system(), platform.machine()
download_link_suffixes = MACHINE_SUFFIX[system][machine]
# linux suffixes are nested under glibc or musl builds
if system == "Linux":
# fallback to musl if libc version is not found
libc_version = platform.libc_ver()[0] or "musl"
download_link_suffixes = download_link_suffixes[libc_version]
python_releases = get_or_update_index(use_cache)["releases"]
available_python_links = [
(link, digest)
# Suffixes are in order of preference.
for download_link_suffix in download_link_suffixes
for link, digest in python_releases
if link.endswith(download_link_suffix)
]
python_versions: dict[str, tuple[str, str]] = {}
for link, digest in available_python_links:
match = PYTHON_VERSION_REGEX.search(link)
assert match is not None
python_version = match[1]
# Don't override already found versions, they are in order of preference
if python_version in python_versions:
continue
python_versions[python_version] = link, digest
return {
version: python_versions[version]
for version in sorted(
python_versions,
# sort by semver
key=lambda version: [int(k) for k in version.split(".")],
reverse=True,
)
}
def resolve_python_version(requested_version: str):
pythons = list_pythons()
requested_release = requested_version.split(".")
for full_version, download_link in pythons.items():
standalone_release = full_version.split(".")
if requested_release == standalone_release[: len(requested_release)]:
return full_version, download_link
raise PipxError(f"Unable to acquire a standalone python build matching {requested_version}.")
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/util.py
================================================
import logging
import os
import random
import re
import shutil
import string
import subprocess
import sys
import textwrap
from collections.abc import Sequence
from dataclasses import dataclass
from pathlib import Path
from re import Pattern
from typing import (
Any,
NoReturn,
Optional,
Union,
)
from pipx import paths
from pipx.animate import show_cursor
from pipx.constants import MINGW, WINDOWS
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class PipxError(Exception):
def __init__(self, message: str, wrap_message: bool = True):
if wrap_message:
super().__init__(pipx_wrap(message))
else:
super().__init__(message)
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class RelevantSearch:
pattern: Pattern[str]
category: str
def _get_trash_file(path: Path) -> Path:
if not paths.ctx.trash.is_dir():
paths.ctx.trash.mkdir()
prefix = "".join(random.choices(string.ascii_lowercase, k=8))
return paths.ctx.trash / f"{prefix}.{path.name}"
def rmdir(path: Path, safe_rm: bool = True) -> None:
if not path.is_dir():
return
logger.info(f"removing directory {path}")
# Windows doesn't let us delete or overwrite files that are being run
# But it does let us rename/move it. To get around this issue, we can move
# the file to a temporary folder (to be deleted at a later time)
# So, if safe_rm is True, we ignore any errors and move the file to the trash with below code
shutil.rmtree(path, ignore_errors=safe_rm)
# move it to be deleted later if it still exists
if path.is_dir():
if safe_rm:
logger.warning(f"Failed to delete {path}. Will move it to a temp folder to delete later.")
path.rename(_get_trash_file(path))
else:
logger.warning(f"Failed to delete {path}. You may need to delete it manually.")
def mkdir(path: Path) -> None:
if path.is_dir():
return
logger.info(f"creating directory {path}")
path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
def safe_unlink(file: Path) -> None:
# Windows doesn't let us delete or overwrite files that are being run
# But it does let us rename/move it. To get around this issue, we can move
# the file to a temporary folder (to be deleted at a later time)
if not file.is_file():
return
try:
file.unlink()
except PermissionError:
file.rename(_get_trash_file(file))
def get_pypackage_bin_path(binary_name: str) -> Path:
return (
Path("__pypackages__")
/ (str(sys.version_info.major) + "." + str(sys.version_info.minor))
/ "lib"
/ "bin"
/ binary_name
)
def run_pypackage_bin(bin_path: Path, args: list[str]) -> NoReturn:
exec_app(
[str(bin_path.resolve())] + args,
extra_python_paths=[".", str(bin_path.parent.parent)],
)
if WINDOWS:
def get_venv_paths(root: Path) -> tuple[Path, Path, Path]:
# Make sure to use the real root path. This matters especially on Windows when using the packaged app
# (Microsoft Store) version of Python, which uses path redirection for sandboxing.
# See https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/1164
root = root.resolve()
bin_path = root / "Scripts" if not MINGW else root / "bin"
python_path = bin_path / "python.exe"
man_path = root / "share" / "man"
return bin_path, python_path, man_path
else:
def get_venv_paths(root: Path) -> tuple[Path, Path, Path]:
bin_path = root / "bin"
python_path = bin_path / "python"
man_path = root / "share" / "man"
return bin_path, python_path, man_path
def get_site_packages(python: Path) -> Path:
output = run_subprocess(
[python, "-c", "import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_path('purelib'))"],
capture_stderr=False,
).stdout
path = Path(output.strip())
path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
return path
def _fix_subprocess_env(env: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str]:
# Remove PYTHONPATH because some platforms (macOS with Homebrew) add pipx
# directories to it, and can make it appear to venvs as though pipx
# dependencies are in the venv path (#233)
# Remove __PYVENV_LAUNCHER__ because it can cause the wrong python binary
# to be used (#334)
env_blocklist = ["PYTHONPATH", "__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__"]
for env_to_remove in env_blocklist:
env.pop(env_to_remove, None)
env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
# Make sure that Python writes output in UTF-8
env["PYTHONIOENCODING"] = "utf-8"
env["PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO"] = "utf-8"
# Make sure we install package to venv, not userbase dir
env["PIP_USER"] = "0"
return env
def run_subprocess(
cmd: Sequence[Union[str, Path]],
capture_stdout: bool = True,
capture_stderr: bool = True,
log_cmd_str: Optional[str] = None,
log_stdout: bool = True,
log_stderr: bool = True,
run_dir: Optional[str] = None,
) -> "subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]":
"""Run arbitrary command as subprocess, capturing stderr and stout"""
env = dict(os.environ)
env = _fix_subprocess_env(env)
if log_cmd_str is None:
log_cmd_str = " ".join(str(c) for c in cmd)
logger.info(f"running {log_cmd_str}")
if run_dir:
os.makedirs(run_dir, exist_ok=True)
# windows cannot take Path objects, only strings
cmd_str_list = [str(c) for c in cmd]
# TODO: Switch to using `-P` / PYTHONSAFEPATH instead of running in
# separate directory in Python 3.11
completed_process = subprocess.run(
cmd_str_list,
env=env,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE if capture_stdout else None,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE if capture_stderr else None,
encoding="utf-8",
text=True,
check=False,
cwd=run_dir,
)
if capture_stdout and log_stdout:
logger.debug(f"stdout: {completed_process.stdout}".rstrip())
if capture_stderr and log_stderr:
logger.debug(f"stderr: {completed_process.stderr}".rstrip())
logger.debug(f"returncode: {completed_process.returncode}")
return completed_process
def subprocess_post_check(completed_process: "subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]", raise_error: bool = True) -> None:
if completed_process.returncode:
if completed_process.stdout is not None:
print(completed_process.stdout, file=sys.stdout, end="")
if completed_process.stderr is not None:
print(completed_process.stderr, file=sys.stderr, end="")
if raise_error:
raise PipxError(f"{' '.join([str(x) for x in completed_process.args])!r} failed")
else:
logger.info(f"{' '.join(completed_process.args)!r} failed")
def dedup_ordered(input_list: list[tuple[str, Any]]) -> list[tuple[str, Any]]:
output_list = []
seen = set()
for x in input_list:
if x[0] not in seen:
output_list.append(x)
seen.add(x[0])
return output_list
def analyze_pip_output(pip_stdout: str, pip_stderr: str) -> None:
r"""Extract useful errors from pip output of failed install
Print the module that failed to build
Print some of the most relevant errors from the pip output
Example pip stderr line for each "relevant" type:
not_found
Package cairo was not found in the pkg-config search path.
src/common.h:34:10: fatal error: 'stdio.h' file not found
The headers or library files could not be found for zlib,
no_such
unable to execute 'gcc': No such file or directory
build\test1.c(2): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'cpuid.h': No such file ...
exception_error
Exception: Unable to find OpenSSL >= 1.0 headers. (Looked here: ...
fatal_error
LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'kernel32.lib'
conflict_
ERROR: ResolutionImpossible: for help visit https://pip.pypa.io/en/...
error_
error: can't copy 'lib\ansible\module_utils\ansible_release.py': doesn't exist ...
build\test1.c(4): error C2146: syntax error: missing ';' before identifier 'x'
"""
max_relevant_errors = 10
failed_build_stdout: list[str] = []
last_collecting_dep: Optional[str] = None
# for any useful information in stdout, `pip install` must be run without
# the -q option
for line in pip_stdout.split("\n"):
failed_match = re.search(r"Failed to build\s+(\S.+)$", line)
collecting_match = re.search(r"^\s*Collecting\s+(\S+)", line)
if failed_match:
failed_build_stdout = failed_match.group(1).strip().split()
if collecting_match:
last_collecting_dep = collecting_match.group(1)
# In order of most useful to least useful
relevant_searches = [
RelevantSearch(re.compile(r"not (?:be )?found", re.I), "not_found"),
RelevantSearch(re.compile(r"no such", re.I), "no_such"),
RelevantSearch(re.compile(r"(Exception|Error):\s*\S+"), "exception_error"),
RelevantSearch(re.compile(r"fatal error", re.I), "fatal_error"),
RelevantSearch(re.compile(r"conflict", re.I), "conflict_"),
RelevantSearch(
re.compile(
r"error:"
r"(?!.+Command errored out)"
r"(?!.+failed building wheel for)"
r"(?!.+could not build wheels? for)"
r"(?!.+failed to build one or more wheels)"
r".+[^:]$",
re.I,
),
"error_",
),
]
failed_stderr_patt = re.compile(r"Failed to build\s+(?!one or more packages)(\S+)")
relevants_saved = []
failed_build_stderr = set()
for line in pip_stderr.split("\n"):
failed_build_match = failed_stderr_patt.search(line)
if failed_build_match:
failed_build_stderr.add(failed_build_match.group(1))
for relevant_search in relevant_searches:
if relevant_search.pattern.search(line):
relevants_saved.append((line.strip(), relevant_search.category))
break
if failed_build_stdout:
failed_to_build_str = "\n ".join(failed_build_stdout)
plural_str = "s" if len(failed_build_stdout) > 1 else ""
print("", file=sys.stderr)
logger.error(f"pip failed to build package{plural_str}:\n {failed_to_build_str}")
elif failed_build_stderr:
failed_to_build_str = "\n ".join(failed_build_stderr)
plural_str = "s" if len(failed_build_stderr) > 1 else ""
print("", file=sys.stderr)
logger.error(f"pip seemed to fail to build package{plural_str}:\n {failed_to_build_str}")
elif last_collecting_dep is not None:
print("", file=sys.stderr)
logger.error(f"pip seemed to fail to build package:\n {last_collecting_dep}")
relevants_saved = dedup_ordered(relevants_saved)
if relevants_saved:
print("\nSome possibly relevant errors from pip install:", file=sys.stderr)
print_categories = [x.category for x in relevant_searches]
relevants_saved_filtered = relevants_saved.copy()
while (len(print_categories) > 1) and (len(relevants_saved_filtered) > max_relevant_errors):
print_categories.pop(-1)
relevants_saved_filtered = [x for x in relevants_saved if x[1] in print_categories]
for relevant_saved in relevants_saved_filtered:
print(f" {relevant_saved[0]}", file=sys.stderr)
def subprocess_post_check_handle_pip_error(
completed_process: "subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]",
) -> None:
if completed_process.returncode:
logger.info(f"{' '.join(completed_process.args)!r} failed")
# Save STDOUT and STDERR to file in pipx/logs/
if paths.ctx.log_file is None:
raise PipxError("Pipx internal error: No log_file present.")
pip_error_file = paths.ctx.log_file.parent / (paths.ctx.log_file.stem + "_pip_errors.log")
with pip_error_file.open("a", encoding="utf-8") as pip_error_fh:
print("PIP STDOUT", file=pip_error_fh)
print("----------", file=pip_error_fh)
if completed_process.stdout is not None:
print(completed_process.stdout, file=pip_error_fh, end="")
print("\nPIP STDERR", file=pip_error_fh)
print("----------", file=pip_error_fh)
if completed_process.stderr is not None:
print(completed_process.stderr, file=pip_error_fh, end="")
logger.error(f"Fatal error from pip prevented installation. Full pip output in file:\n {pip_error_file}")
analyze_pip_output(completed_process.stdout, completed_process.stderr)
def exec_app(
cmd: Sequence[Union[str, Path]],
env: Optional[dict[str, str]] = None,
extra_python_paths: Optional[list[str]] = None,
) -> NoReturn:
"""Run command, do not return
POSIX: replace current process with command using os.exec*()
Windows: Use subprocess and sys.exit() to run command
"""
if env is None:
env = dict(os.environ)
env = _fix_subprocess_env(env)
if extra_python_paths is not None:
env["PYTHONPATH"] = os.path.pathsep.join(
extra_python_paths + (os.getenv("PYTHONPATH", "").split(os.path.pathsep) if os.getenv("PYTHONPATH") else [])
)
# make sure we show cursor again before handing over control
show_cursor()
logger.info("exec_app: " + " ".join([str(c) for c in cmd]))
if WINDOWS:
sys.exit(
subprocess.run(
cmd,
env=env,
stdout=None,
stderr=None,
encoding="utf-8",
text=True,
check=False,
).returncode
)
else:
os.execvpe(str(cmd[0]), [str(x) for x in cmd], env)
def full_package_description(package_name: str, package_spec: str) -> str:
if package_name == package_spec:
return package_name
else:
return f"{package_name} from spec {package_spec!r}"
def pipx_wrap(text: str, subsequent_indent: str = "", keep_newlines: bool = False) -> str:
"""Dedent, strip, wrap to shell width. Don't break on hyphens, only spaces"""
minimum_width = 40
width = max(shutil.get_terminal_size((80, 40)).columns, minimum_width) - 2
text = textwrap.dedent(text).strip()
if keep_newlines:
return "\n".join(
[
textwrap.fill(
line,
width=width,
subsequent_indent=subsequent_indent,
break_on_hyphens=False,
)
for line in text.splitlines()
]
)
else:
return textwrap.fill(
text,
width=width,
subsequent_indent=subsequent_indent,
break_on_hyphens=False,
)
def is_paths_relative(path: Path, parent: Path):
return path.is_relative_to(parent)
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/venv.py
================================================
import json
import logging
import re
import shutil
import time
from collections.abc import Generator
from pathlib import Path
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, NoReturn, Optional
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from subprocess import CompletedProcess
try:
from importlib.metadata import Distribution, EntryPoint
except ImportError:
from importlib_metadata import Distribution, EntryPoint # type: ignore[import-not-found,no-redef]
from packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
from pipx.animate import animate
from pipx.constants import PIPX_SHARED_PTH, ExitCode
from pipx.emojis import hazard
from pipx.interpreter import DEFAULT_PYTHON
from pipx.package_specifier import (
fix_package_name,
get_extras,
parse_specifier_for_install,
parse_specifier_for_metadata,
)
from pipx.pipx_metadata_file import PackageInfo, PipxMetadata
from pipx.shared_libs import shared_libs
from pipx.util import (
PipxError,
exec_app,
full_package_description,
get_site_packages,
get_venv_paths,
pipx_wrap,
rmdir,
run_subprocess,
subprocess_post_check,
subprocess_post_check_handle_pip_error,
)
from pipx.venv_inspect import VenvMetadata, inspect_venv
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
_entry_point_value_pattern = re.compile(
r"""
^(?P[\w.]+)\s*
(:\s*(?P[\w.]+))?\s*
(?P\[.*\])?\s*$
""",
re.VERBOSE,
)
class VenvContainer:
"""A collection of venvs managed by pipx."""
def __init__(self, root: Path):
self._root = root
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return f"VenvContainer({str(self._root)!r})"
def __str__(self) -> str:
return str(self._root)
def iter_venv_dirs(self) -> Generator[Path, None, None]:
"""Iterate venv directories in this container."""
if not self._root.is_dir():
return
for entry in self._root.iterdir():
if not entry.is_dir():
continue
yield entry
def get_venv_dir(self, package_name: str) -> Path:
"""Return the expected venv path for given `package_name`."""
return self._root.joinpath(canonicalize_name(package_name))
class Venv:
"""Abstraction for a virtual environment with various useful methods for pipx"""
def __init__(self, path: Path, *, verbose: bool = False, python: str = DEFAULT_PYTHON) -> None:
self.root = path
self.python = python
self.bin_path, self.python_path, self.man_path = get_venv_paths(self.root)
self.pipx_metadata = PipxMetadata(venv_dir=path)
self.verbose = verbose
self.do_animation = not verbose
try:
self._existing = self.root.exists() and bool(next(self.root.iterdir()))
except StopIteration:
self._existing = False
def check_upgrade_shared_libs(self, verbose: bool, pip_args: list[str], force_upgrade: bool = False):
"""
If necessary, run maintenance tasks to keep the shared libs up-to-date.
This can trigger `pip install`/`pip install --upgrade` operations,
so we expect the caller to provide sensible `pip_args`
( provided by the user in the current CLI call
or retrieved from the metadata of a previous installation)
"""
if self._existing and self.uses_shared_libs:
if shared_libs.is_valid:
if force_upgrade or shared_libs.needs_upgrade:
shared_libs.upgrade(verbose=verbose, pip_args=pip_args)
else:
shared_libs.create(verbose=verbose, pip_args=pip_args)
if not shared_libs.is_valid:
raise PipxError(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
Error: pipx's shared venv {shared_libs.root} is invalid
and needs re-installation. To fix this, install or
reinstall a package. For example:
"""
)
+ f"\n pipx install {self.root.name} --force",
wrap_message=False,
)
@property
def name(self) -> str:
if self.pipx_metadata.main_package.package is not None:
venv_name = f"{self.pipx_metadata.main_package.package}{self.pipx_metadata.main_package.suffix}"
else:
venv_name = self.root.name
return venv_name
@property
def uses_shared_libs(self) -> bool:
if self._existing:
pth_files = self.root.glob("**/" + PIPX_SHARED_PTH)
return next(pth_files, None) is not None
else:
# always use shared libs when creating a new venv
return True
@property
def package_metadata(self) -> dict[str, PackageInfo]:
return_dict = self.pipx_metadata.injected_packages.copy()
if self.pipx_metadata.main_package.package is not None:
return_dict[self.pipx_metadata.main_package.package] = self.pipx_metadata.main_package
return return_dict
@property
def main_package_name(self) -> str:
if self.pipx_metadata.main_package.package is None:
# This is OK, because if no metadata, we are pipx < v0.15.0.0 and
# venv_name==main_package_name
return self.root.name
else:
return self.pipx_metadata.main_package.package
def create_venv(self, venv_args: list[str], pip_args: list[str], override_shared: bool = False) -> None:
"""
override_shared -- Override installing shared libraries to the pipx shared directory (default False)
"""
logger.info("Creating virtual environment")
with animate("creating virtual environment", self.do_animation):
cmd = [self.python, "-m", "venv"]
if not override_shared:
cmd.append("--without-pip")
venv_process = run_subprocess(cmd + venv_args + [str(self.root)], run_dir=str(self.root))
subprocess_post_check(venv_process)
shared_libs.create(verbose=self.verbose, pip_args=pip_args)
if not override_shared:
pipx_pth = get_site_packages(self.python_path) / PIPX_SHARED_PTH
# write path pointing to the shared libs site-packages directory
# example pipx_pth location:
# ~/.local/share/pipx/venvs/black/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pipx_shared.pth
# example shared_libs.site_packages location:
# ~/.local/share/pipx/shared/lib/python3.6/site-packages
#
# https://docs.python.org/3/library/site.html
# A path configuration file is a file whose name has the form 'name.pth'.
# its contents are additional items (one per line) to be added to sys.path
pipx_pth.write_text(f"{shared_libs.site_packages}\n", encoding="utf-8")
self.pipx_metadata.venv_args = venv_args
self.pipx_metadata.python_version = self.get_python_version()
source_interpreter = shutil.which(self.python)
if source_interpreter:
self.pipx_metadata.source_interpreter = Path(source_interpreter)
def safe_to_remove(self) -> bool:
return not self._existing
def remove_venv(self) -> None:
if self.safe_to_remove():
rmdir(self.root)
else:
logger.warning(
pipx_wrap(
f"""
{hazard} Not removing existing venv {self.root} because it
was not created in this session
""",
subsequent_indent=" " * 4,
)
)
def upgrade_packaging_libraries(self, pip_args: list[str]) -> None:
if self.uses_shared_libs:
shared_libs.upgrade(pip_args=pip_args, verbose=self.verbose)
else:
# TODO: setuptools and wheel? Original code didn't bother
# but shared libs code does.
self.upgrade_package_no_metadata("pip", pip_args)
def uninstall_package(self, package: str, was_injected: bool = False):
try:
logger.info("Uninstalling %s", package)
with animate(f"uninstalling {package}", self.do_animation):
cmd = ["uninstall", "-y"] + [package]
self._run_pip(cmd)
except PipxError as e:
logger.info(e)
raise PipxError(f"Error uninstalling {package}.") from None
if was_injected:
self.pipx_metadata.injected_packages.pop(package)
self.pipx_metadata.write()
def install_package(
self,
package_name: str,
package_or_url: str,
pip_args: list[str],
include_dependencies: bool,
include_apps: bool,
is_main_package: bool,
suffix: str = "",
) -> None:
# package_name in package specifier can mismatch URL due to user error
package_or_url = fix_package_name(package_or_url, package_name)
# check syntax and clean up spec and pip_args
(package_or_url, pip_args) = parse_specifier_for_install(package_or_url, pip_args)
logger.info("Installing %s", package_descr := full_package_description(package_name, package_or_url))
with animate(f"installing {package_descr}", self.do_animation):
# do not use -q with `pip install` so subprocess_post_check_pip_errors
# has more information to analyze in case of failure.
cmd = [
str(self.python_path),
"-m",
"pip",
"--no-input",
"install",
*pip_args,
package_or_url,
]
# no logging because any errors will be specially logged by
# subprocess_post_check_handle_pip_error()
pip_process = run_subprocess(cmd, log_stdout=False, log_stderr=False, run_dir=str(self.root))
subprocess_post_check_handle_pip_error(pip_process)
if pip_process.returncode:
raise PipxError(f"Error installing {full_package_description(package_name, package_or_url)}.")
self.update_package_metadata(
package_name=package_name,
package_or_url=package_or_url,
pip_args=pip_args,
include_dependencies=include_dependencies,
include_apps=include_apps,
is_main_package=is_main_package,
suffix=suffix,
)
# Verify package installed ok
if self.package_metadata[package_name].package_version is None:
raise PipxError(
f"Unable to install "
f"{full_package_description(package_name, package_or_url)}.\n"
f"Check the name or spec for errors, and verify that it can "
f"be installed with pip.",
wrap_message=False,
)
def install_unmanaged_packages(self, requirements: list[str], pip_args: list[str]) -> None:
"""Install packages in the venv, but do not record them in the metadata."""
# Note: We want to install everything at once, as that lets
# pip resolve conflicts correctly.
logger.info("Installing %s", package_descr := ", ".join(requirements))
with animate(f"installing {package_descr}", self.do_animation):
# do not use -q with `pip install` so subprocess_post_check_pip_errors
# has more information to analyze in case of failure.
cmd = [
str(self.python_path),
"-m",
"pip",
"--no-input",
"install",
*pip_args,
*requirements,
]
# no logging because any errors will be specially logged by
# subprocess_post_check_handle_pip_error()
pip_process = run_subprocess(cmd, log_stdout=False, log_stderr=False, run_dir=str(self.root))
subprocess_post_check_handle_pip_error(pip_process)
if pip_process.returncode:
raise PipxError(f"Error installing {', '.join(requirements)}.")
def install_package_no_deps(self, package_or_url: str, pip_args: list[str]) -> str:
with animate(f"determining package name from {package_or_url!r}", self.do_animation):
old_package_set = self.list_installed_packages()
cmd = [
"--no-input",
"install",
"--no-dependencies",
*pip_args,
package_or_url,
]
pip_process = self._run_pip(cmd)
subprocess_post_check(pip_process, raise_error=False)
if pip_process.returncode:
raise PipxError(
f"""
Cannot determine package name from spec {package_or_url!r}.
Check package spec for errors.
"""
)
installed_packages = self.list_installed_packages() - old_package_set
if len(installed_packages) == 1:
package_name = installed_packages.pop()
logger.info(f"Determined package name: {package_name}")
else:
logger.info(f"old_package_set = {old_package_set}")
logger.info(f"install_packages = {installed_packages}")
raise PipxError(
f"""
Cannot determine package name from spec {package_or_url!r}.
Check package spec for errors.
"""
)
return package_name
def get_venv_metadata_for_package(self, package_name: str, package_extras: set[str]) -> VenvMetadata:
data_start = time.time()
venv_metadata = inspect_venv(package_name, package_extras, self.bin_path, self.python_path, self.man_path)
logger.info(f"get_venv_metadata_for_package: {1e3 * (time.time() - data_start):.0f}ms")
return venv_metadata
def update_package_metadata(
self,
package_name: str,
package_or_url: str,
pip_args: list[str],
include_dependencies: bool,
include_apps: bool,
is_main_package: bool,
suffix: str = "",
pinned: bool = False,
) -> None:
venv_package_metadata = self.get_venv_metadata_for_package(package_name, get_extras(package_or_url))
package_info = PackageInfo(
package=package_name,
package_or_url=parse_specifier_for_metadata(package_or_url),
pip_args=pip_args,
include_apps=include_apps,
include_dependencies=include_dependencies,
apps=venv_package_metadata.apps,
app_paths=venv_package_metadata.app_paths,
apps_of_dependencies=venv_package_metadata.apps_of_dependencies,
app_paths_of_dependencies=venv_package_metadata.app_paths_of_dependencies,
man_pages=venv_package_metadata.man_pages,
man_paths=venv_package_metadata.man_paths,
man_pages_of_dependencies=venv_package_metadata.man_pages_of_dependencies,
man_paths_of_dependencies=venv_package_metadata.man_paths_of_dependencies,
package_version=venv_package_metadata.package_version,
suffix=suffix,
pinned=pinned,
)
if is_main_package:
self.pipx_metadata.main_package = package_info
else:
self.pipx_metadata.injected_packages[package_name] = package_info
self.pipx_metadata.write()
def get_python_version(self) -> str:
return run_subprocess([str(self.python_path), "--version"]).stdout.strip()
def list_installed_packages(self, not_required=False) -> set[str]:
cmd_run = run_subprocess(
[str(self.python_path), "-m", "pip", "list", "--format=json"] + (["--not-required"] if not_required else [])
)
pip_list = json.loads(cmd_run.stdout.strip())
return {x["name"] for x in pip_list}
def _find_entry_point(self, app: str) -> Optional[EntryPoint]:
if not self.python_path.exists():
return None
dists = Distribution.discover(name=self.main_package_name, path=[str(get_site_packages(self.python_path))])
for dist in dists:
for ep in dist.entry_points:
if ep.group == "pipx.run":
if ep.name == app:
return ep
# Try to infer app name from dist's metadata if given
# local path
if Path(app).exists() and dist.metadata["Name"] == ep.name:
return ep
return None
def run_app(self, app: str, filename: str, app_args: list[str]) -> NoReturn:
entry_point = self._find_entry_point(app)
# No [pipx.run] entry point; default to run console script.
if entry_point is None:
exec_app([str(self.bin_path / filename)] + app_args)
# Evaluate and execute the entry point.
# TODO: After dropping support for Python < 3.9, use
# "entry_point.module" and "entry_point.attr" instead.
match = _entry_point_value_pattern.match(entry_point.value)
assert match is not None, "invalid entry point"
logger.info("Using discovered entry point for 'pipx run'")
module, attr = match.group("module", "attr")
code = f"import sys, {module}\nsys.argv[0] = {entry_point.name!r}\nsys.exit({module}.{attr}())\n"
exec_app([str(self.python_path), "-c", code] + app_args)
def has_app(self, app: str, filename: str) -> bool:
if self._find_entry_point(app) is not None:
return True
return (self.bin_path / filename).is_file()
def has_package(self, package_name: str) -> bool:
return bool(list(Distribution.discover(name=package_name, path=[str(get_site_packages(self.python_path))])))
def upgrade_package_no_metadata(self, package_name: str, pip_args: list[str]) -> None:
logger.info("Upgrading %s", package_descr := full_package_description(package_name, package_name))
with animate(f"upgrading {package_descr}", self.do_animation):
pip_process = self._run_pip(["--no-input", "install", "--upgrade"] + pip_args + [package_name])
subprocess_post_check(pip_process)
def upgrade_package(
self,
package_name: str,
package_or_url: str,
pip_args: list[str],
include_dependencies: bool,
include_apps: bool,
is_main_package: bool,
suffix: str = "",
) -> None:
logger.info("Upgrading %s", package_descr := full_package_description(package_name, package_or_url))
with animate(f"upgrading {package_descr}", self.do_animation):
pip_process = self._run_pip(["--no-input", "install", "--upgrade"] + pip_args + [package_or_url])
subprocess_post_check(pip_process)
self.update_package_metadata(
package_name=package_name,
package_or_url=package_or_url,
pip_args=pip_args,
include_dependencies=include_dependencies,
include_apps=include_apps,
is_main_package=is_main_package,
suffix=suffix,
)
def _run_pip(self, cmd: list[str]) -> "CompletedProcess[str]":
cmd = [str(self.python_path), "-m", "pip"] + cmd
if not self.verbose:
cmd.append("-q")
return run_subprocess(cmd, run_dir=str(self.root))
def run_pip_get_exit_code(self, cmd: list[str]) -> ExitCode:
cmd = [str(self.python_path), "-m", "pip"] + cmd
if not self.verbose:
cmd.append("-q")
returncode = run_subprocess(cmd, capture_stdout=False, capture_stderr=False).returncode
if returncode:
cmd_str = " ".join(str(c) for c in cmd)
logger.error(f"{cmd_str!r} failed")
return ExitCode(returncode)
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/venv_inspect.py
================================================
import json
import logging
import textwrap
from collections.abc import Collection
from pathlib import Path
from typing import NamedTuple, Optional
from packaging.requirements import Requirement
from packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
try:
from importlib import metadata
except ImportError:
import importlib_metadata as metadata # type: ignore[import-not-found,no-redef]
from pipx.constants import MAN_SECTIONS, WINDOWS
from pipx.util import PipxError, run_subprocess
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class VenvInspectInformation(NamedTuple):
distributions: Collection[metadata.Distribution]
env: dict[str, str]
bin_path: Path
man_path: Path
class VenvMetadata(NamedTuple):
apps: list[str]
app_paths: list[Path]
apps_of_dependencies: list[str]
app_paths_of_dependencies: dict[str, list[Path]]
man_pages: list[str]
man_paths: list[Path]
man_pages_of_dependencies: list[str]
man_paths_of_dependencies: dict[str, list[Path]]
package_version: str
python_version: str
def get_dist(package: str, distributions: Collection[metadata.Distribution]) -> Optional[metadata.Distribution]:
"""Find matching distribution in the canonicalized sense."""
for dist in distributions:
if canonicalize_name(dist.metadata["name"]) == canonicalize_name(package):
return dist
return None
def get_package_dependencies(dist: metadata.Distribution, extras: set[str], env: dict[str, str]) -> list[Requirement]:
eval_env = env.copy()
# Add an empty extra to enable evaluation of non-extra markers
if not extras:
extras.add("")
dependencies = []
for req in map(Requirement, dist.requires or []):
if not req.marker:
dependencies.append(req)
else:
for extra in extras:
eval_env["extra"] = extra
if req.marker.evaluate(eval_env):
dependencies.append(req)
break
return dependencies
def get_apps_from_entry_points(dist: metadata.Distribution, bin_path: Path):
app_names = set()
sections = {"console_scripts", "gui_scripts"}
# "entry_points" entry in setup.py are found here
for ep in dist.entry_points:
if ep.group not in sections:
continue
if (bin_path / ep.name).exists():
app_names.add(ep.name)
if WINDOWS and (bin_path / (ep.name + ".exe")).exists():
# WINDOWS adds .exe to entry_point name
app_names.add(ep.name + ".exe")
return app_names
def get_resources_from_dist_files(dist: metadata.Distribution, bin_path: Path, man_path: Path):
app_names = set()
man_names = set()
# search installed files
# "scripts" entry in setup.py is found here (test w/ awscli)
for path in dist.files or []:
# vast speedup by ignoring all paths not above distribution root dir
# (venv/bin or venv/Scripts is above distribution root)
if Path(path).parts[0] != "..":
continue
dist_file_path = Path(str(dist.locate_file(path)))
try:
if dist_file_path.parent.samefile(bin_path):
app_names.add(path.name)
if dist_file_path.parent.name in MAN_SECTIONS and dist_file_path.parent.parent.samefile(man_path):
man_names.add(str(Path(dist_file_path.parent.name) / path.name))
except FileNotFoundError:
pass
return app_names, man_names
def get_resources_from_inst_files(dist: metadata.Distribution, bin_path: Path, man_path: Path):
app_names = set()
man_names = set()
# not sure what is found here
inst_files = dist.read_text("installed-files.txt") or ""
for line in inst_files.splitlines():
entry = line.split(",")[0]
inst_file_path = Path(str(dist.locate_file(entry))).resolve()
try:
if inst_file_path.parent.samefile(bin_path):
app_names.add(inst_file_path.name)
if inst_file_path.parent.name in MAN_SECTIONS and inst_file_path.parent.parent.samefile(man_path):
man_names.add(str(Path(inst_file_path.parent.name) / inst_file_path.name))
except FileNotFoundError:
pass
return app_names, man_names
def get_resources(dist: metadata.Distribution, bin_path: Path, man_path: Path) -> tuple[list[str], list[str]]:
app_names = set()
man_names = set()
app_names_ep = get_apps_from_entry_points(dist, bin_path)
app_names_df, man_names_df = get_resources_from_dist_files(dist, bin_path, man_path)
app_names_if, man_names_if = get_resources_from_inst_files(dist, bin_path, man_path)
app_names = app_names_ep | app_names_df | app_names_if
man_names = man_names_df | man_names_if
return sorted(app_names), sorted(man_names)
def _dfs_package_resources(
dist: metadata.Distribution,
package_req: Requirement,
venv_inspect_info: VenvInspectInformation,
app_paths_of_dependencies: dict[str, list[Path]],
man_paths_of_dependencies: dict[str, list[Path]],
dep_visited: Optional[dict[str, bool]] = None,
) -> tuple[dict[str, list[Path]], dict[str, list[Path]]]:
if dep_visited is None:
# Initialize: we have already visited root
dep_visited = {canonicalize_name(package_req.name): True}
dependencies = get_package_dependencies(dist, package_req.extras, venv_inspect_info.env)
for dep_req in dependencies:
dep_name = canonicalize_name(dep_req.name)
if dep_name in dep_visited:
# avoid infinite recursion, avoid duplicates in info
continue
dep_dist = get_dist(dep_req.name, venv_inspect_info.distributions)
if dep_dist is None:
raise PipxError(f"Pipx Internal Error: cannot find package {dep_req.name!r} metadata.")
app_names, man_names = get_resources(dep_dist, venv_inspect_info.bin_path, venv_inspect_info.man_path)
if app_names:
app_paths_of_dependencies[dep_name] = [venv_inspect_info.bin_path / name for name in app_names]
if man_names:
man_paths_of_dependencies[dep_name] = [venv_inspect_info.man_path / name for name in man_names]
# recursively search for more
dep_visited[dep_name] = True
app_paths_of_dependencies, man_paths_of_dependencies = _dfs_package_resources(
dep_dist,
dep_req,
venv_inspect_info,
app_paths_of_dependencies,
man_paths_of_dependencies,
dep_visited,
)
return app_paths_of_dependencies, man_paths_of_dependencies
def _windows_extra_app_paths(app_paths: list[Path]) -> list[Path]:
# In Windows, editable package have additional files starting with the
# same name that are required to be in the same dir to run the app
# Add "*-script.py", "*.exe.manifest" only to app_paths to make
# execution work; do not add them to apps to ensure they are not listed
app_paths_output = app_paths.copy()
for app_path in app_paths:
win_app_path = app_path.parent / (app_path.stem + "-script.py")
if win_app_path.exists():
app_paths_output.append(win_app_path)
win_app_path = app_path.parent / (app_path.stem + ".exe.manifest")
if win_app_path.exists():
app_paths_output.append(win_app_path)
return app_paths_output
def fetch_info_in_venv(venv_python_path: Path) -> tuple[list[str], dict[str, str], str]:
command_str = textwrap.dedent(
"""
import json
import os
import platform
import sys
impl_ver = sys.implementation.version
implementation_version = "{0.major}.{0.minor}.{0.micro}".format(impl_ver)
if impl_ver.releaselevel != "final":
implementation_version = "{}{}{}".format(
implementation_version,
impl_ver.releaselevel[0],
impl_ver.serial,
)
sys_path = sys.path
try:
sys_path.remove("")
except ValueError:
pass
print(
json.dumps(
{
"sys_path": sys_path,
"python_version": "{0.major}.{0.minor}.{0.micro}".format(sys.version_info),
"environment": {
"implementation_name": sys.implementation.name,
"implementation_version": implementation_version,
"os_name": os.name,
"platform_machine": platform.machine(),
"platform_release": platform.release(),
"platform_system": platform.system(),
"platform_version": platform.version(),
"python_full_version": platform.python_version(),
"platform_python_implementation": platform.python_implementation(),
"python_version": ".".join(platform.python_version_tuple()[:2]),
"sys_platform": sys.platform,
},
}
)
)
"""
)
venv_info = json.loads(
run_subprocess(
[venv_python_path, "-c", command_str],
capture_stderr=False,
log_cmd_str="",
).stdout
)
return (
venv_info["sys_path"],
venv_info["environment"],
f"Python {venv_info['python_version']}",
)
def inspect_venv(
root_package_name: str,
root_package_extras: set[str],
venv_bin_path: Path,
venv_python_path: Path,
venv_man_path: Path,
) -> VenvMetadata:
app_paths_of_dependencies: dict[str, list[Path]] = {}
apps_of_dependencies: list[str] = []
man_paths_of_dependencies: dict[str, list[Path]] = {}
man_pages_of_dependencies: list[str] = []
root_req = Requirement(root_package_name)
root_req.extras = root_package_extras
(venv_sys_path, venv_env, venv_python_version) = fetch_info_in_venv(venv_python_path)
# Collect the generator created from metadata.distributions()
# (see `itertools.chain.from_iterable`) into a tuple because we
# need to iterate over it multiple times in `_dfs_package_apps`.
# Tuple is chosen over a list because the program only iterate over
# the distributions and never modify it.
distributions = tuple(metadata.distributions(path=venv_sys_path))
venv_inspect_info = VenvInspectInformation(
bin_path=venv_bin_path,
man_path=venv_man_path,
env=venv_env,
distributions=distributions,
)
root_dist = get_dist(root_req.name, venv_inspect_info.distributions)
if root_dist is None:
raise PipxError(f"Pipx Internal Error: cannot find package {root_req.name!r} metadata.")
app_paths_of_dependencies, man_paths_of_dependencies = _dfs_package_resources(
root_dist,
root_req,
venv_inspect_info,
app_paths_of_dependencies,
man_paths_of_dependencies,
)
apps, man_pages = get_resources(root_dist, venv_bin_path, venv_man_path)
app_paths = [venv_bin_path / app for app in apps]
man_paths = [venv_man_path / man_page for man_page in man_pages]
if WINDOWS:
app_paths = _windows_extra_app_paths(app_paths)
for dep in app_paths_of_dependencies:
apps_of_dependencies += [dep_path.name for dep_path in app_paths_of_dependencies[dep]]
if WINDOWS:
app_paths_of_dependencies[dep] = _windows_extra_app_paths(app_paths_of_dependencies[dep])
for dep in man_paths_of_dependencies:
man_pages_of_dependencies += [
str(Path(dep_path.parent.name) / dep_path.name) for dep_path in man_paths_of_dependencies[dep]
]
return VenvMetadata(
apps=apps,
app_paths=app_paths,
apps_of_dependencies=apps_of_dependencies,
app_paths_of_dependencies=app_paths_of_dependencies,
man_pages=man_pages,
man_paths=man_paths,
man_pages_of_dependencies=man_pages_of_dependencies,
man_paths_of_dependencies=man_paths_of_dependencies,
package_version=root_dist.version,
python_version=venv_python_version,
)
================================================
FILE: src/pipx/version.pyi
================================================
version: str
version_tuple: tuple[int, int, int, str, str] | tuple[int, int, int]
# Note that newer versions of setuptools_scm also add __version__, but we are
# not forcing new versions of setuptools_scm, so only these imports are allowed.
================================================
FILE: testdata/empty_project/README.md
================================================
Empty project used for testing only
================================================
FILE: testdata/empty_project/empty_project/__init__.py
================================================
================================================
FILE: testdata/empty_project/empty_project/main.py
================================================
def main():
pass
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
================================================
FILE: testdata/empty_project/pyproject.toml
================================================
[build-system]
build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
requires = [
"setuptools",
]
[project]
name = "empty-project"
version = "0.1.0"
description = "Empty Python Project"
authors = [
{ name = "My Name", email = "me@example.com" },
]
requires-python = ">=3.9"
classifiers = [
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
]
scripts.empty-project = "empty_project.main:cli"
entry-points."pipx.run".empty-project = "empty_project.main:cli"
================================================
FILE: testdata/pipx_metadata_multiple_errors.json
================================================
{
"pipx_spec_version": "0.1",
"venvs": {
"dotenv": {
"metadata": {
"injected_packages": {},
"main_package": {
"app_paths": [
],
"app_paths_of_dependencies": {},
"apps": [
],
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
"include_apps": true,
"include_dependencies": false,
"man_pages": [],
"man_pages_of_dependencies": [],
"man_paths": [],
"man_paths_of_dependencies": {},
"package": "dotenv",
"package_or_url": "dotenv",
"package_version": "0.0.5",
"pip_args": [],
"suffix": ""
},
"pipx_metadata_version": "0.4",
"python_version": "Python 3.10.12",
"source_interpreter": {
},
"venv_args": []
}
},
"weblate": {
"metadata": {
"injected_packages": {},
"main_package": {
"app_paths": [
],
"app_paths_of_dependencies": {},
"apps": [
],
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
"include_apps": true,
"include_dependencies": false,
"man_pages": [
],
"man_pages_of_dependencies": [],
"man_paths": [
],
"man_paths_of_dependencies": {},
"package": "weblate",
"package_or_url": "weblate",
"package_version": "4.3.1",
"pip_args": [],
"suffix": ""
},
"pipx_metadata_version": "0.4",
"python_version": "Python 3.10.12",
"source_interpreter": {
},
"venv_args": []
}
}
}
}
================================================
FILE: testdata/standalone_python_index_20250818.json
================================================
{"fetched": 1756161930.970887, "releases": [["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250818-aarch64-apple-darwin-debug-full.tar.zst", "sha256:6b5e7c29d4e5a699462fa84c838d8bb3eaf03789025091213abab7983c5907e5"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250818-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz", "sha256:e15d48951b0f21f92d99e84c2d3d0ab4b3db69d7d4c8cb52eb16a85f17cf8d61"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250818-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only_stripped.tar.gz", "sha256:f38f5fcbe39e657742e21a12c890f9f12d20d2c0eefaa2e6cd4a975f3f7f9dcd"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250818-aarch64-apple-darwin-pgo%2Blto-full.tar.zst", "sha256:118b40f74789c322dd05eda06cae84a7fe28bf27fd70b722b63500781d1952f3"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250818-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-debug-full.tar.zst", "sha256:77897dd2bef7ab973a25f4bfb5b28b2a21c1dd8de995f24d40e27d37f3a74d5c"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250818-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz", "sha256:fc6af1f9fa05e5cd48741c703f53656b1f0e6320fd498fbb95856719ef2949f4"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250818-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz", "sha256:76308719c53363488950927c1d7311ad09d15a495bc3ea0738f32fb0630c4729"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250818-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-pgo%2Blto-full.tar.zst", "sha256:d3af6d835d9c056c211653b422eb9df613fb90a6e13c335aa714d503709b3228"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250818-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-debug-full.tar.zst", "sha256:44876914d4c8474c0693f2b198dda6e6deb0af4364be00935c26e878922654d9"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250818-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz", "sha256:954543fb308006f04bff4974af20f56753b7fe1abe601269ed10843309f1108a"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250818-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only_stripped.tar.gz", "sha256:e696aa719c8c0631ddb942502894529f530e7bbaaf94fa9ff8152b593779f972"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250818-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-lto-full.tar.zst", "sha256:070b336a88221dec9752e63114b6be432bdabd0cf8a612c6e432c8d881f613da"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250818-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-noopt-full.tar.zst", "sha256:4d6cf8fad5b259f04d4c6eb98b904270210ce0bd7681a97863cf707be95e0633"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250818-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-debug-full.tar.zst", "sha256:749f9c3b3ade288b92a4050e25563e30bc22793327acf8969819f5c221b87992"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250818-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz", "sha256:66a147b8c51a8ec5ff26b3f64779a7c8a28358f64a1ef81cf274bed863771a9c"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250818-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only_stripped.tar.gz", "sha256:d73cb27efeda5878660b5fbdc999dab6d175c0e7c8719f6407c9f898084e93e9"], 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["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250818-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz", "sha256:4b2a44200561f7df7956ec2752bd6f8192b30051585572f46a33d0008862cae3"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250818-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only_stripped.tar.gz", "sha256:af555665085721b76be7b8d61e4468d163a4792140e1e8602777bebdc2ad8af5"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250818-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-lto%2Bstatic-full.tar.zst", "sha256:11bd11a047e9f093e84354f7e57f05f5db967bb19f3eedd40c7c51c8d3195c44"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250818-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-lto-full.tar.zst", "sha256:412d77e44b8b2b3ab5e8ddeeb846abab04c3be4ccb99007ba9926757c3e9da5a"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250818-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-noopt%2Bstatic-full.tar.zst", "sha256:91efe33ab8c7a70c681f999428f15d5a4ad42e3288f0ae104c6c0bd237e3bd6e"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250818-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-noopt-full.tar.zst", "sha256:44b41e3e98f1fe408cca1dbb5463cebc3ab4a21a80660c7edaff2f15fe20eb0d"], ["https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250818/SHA256SUMS", "sha256:87482f19522742956f41753960813b664ec5d2ed5deadf9ac9df52e35cdde105"]]}
================================================
FILE: testdata/test_package_specifier/local_extras/repeatme/__init__.py
================================================
================================================
FILE: testdata/test_package_specifier/local_extras/repeatme/main.py
================================================
import sys
try:
import pycowsay.main
has_pycowsay = True
except ImportError:
has_pycowsay = False
def main():
print(f"You said:\n {' '.join(sys.argv[1:])}")
if has_pycowsay:
print()
print("In cow, you said:")
pycowsay.main.main()
================================================
FILE: testdata/test_package_specifier/local_extras/setup.py
================================================
from setuptools import setup
setup(
name="repeatme",
version=0.1,
description="Repeat arguments.",
packages=["repeatme"],
extras_require={"cow": ["pycowsay==0.0.0.2"]},
entry_points={"console_scripts": ["repeatme=repeatme.main:main"]},
)
================================================
FILE: testdata/tests_packages/README.md
================================================
# Introduction
`primary_packages.txt` is the master list, containing all packages
installed or injected in the pipx tests `tests`. Platform-specific list files
listing both these primary packages and their dependencies are generated from
it. These platform-specific list files are used to populate the directory
`.pipx_tests/package_cache`.
# Generating the platform-specific lists from the master list
Using the Github Workflow
* Make sure that the file in this directory `primary_packages.txt` is up to date for every package & version that is installed or injected in the tests.
* Manually activate the Github workflow: Create tests package lists for offline tests
* Download the artifact `lists` and put the files from it into this directory.
Or to locally generate these lists, on the target platform execute:
* `nox -s create_test_package_list`
# Updating / Populating the directory `.pipx_tests/package_cache` before running the tests
Pre-populating this directory allows the pipx `tests` to run completely offline.
Nox instructions
* execute `nox -s refresh_packages_cache`
Or manually execute from the top-level pipx repo directory:
* `mkdir -p .pipx_tests/package_cache`
* `python3 scripts/update_package_cache.py testdata/tests_packages .pipx_tests/package_cache`
================================================
FILE: tests/conftest.py
================================================
import json
import os
import shutil
import socket
import subprocess
import sys
from collections.abc import Iterator
from contextlib import closing
from http import HTTPStatus
from pathlib import Path
from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError
from urllib.request import urlopen
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from helpers import WIN
from pipx import commands, interpreter, paths, shared_libs, standalone_python, venv
PIPX_TESTS_DIR = Path(".pipx_tests")
PIPX_TESTS_PACKAGE_LIST_DIR = Path("testdata/tests_packages")
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def root() -> Path:
return Path(__file__).parents[1]
@pytest.fixture()
def mocked_github_api(monkeypatch, root):
"""
Fixture to replace the github index with a local copy,
to prevent unit tests from exceeding github's API request limit.
"""
with open(root / "testdata" / "standalone_python_index_20250818.json") as f:
index = json.load(f)
monkeypatch.setattr(standalone_python, "get_or_update_index", lambda _: index)
def pytest_addoption(parser):
parser.addoption(
"--all-packages",
action="store_true",
dest="all_packages",
default=False,
help="Run only the long, slow tests installing the maximum list of packages.",
)
parser.addoption(
"--net-pypiserver",
action="store_true",
dest="net_pypiserver",
default=False,
help="Start local pypi server and use in tests.",
)
def pytest_configure(config):
markexpr = getattr(config.option, "markexpr", "")
if config.option.all_packages:
new_markexpr = (f"{markexpr} or " if markexpr else "") + "all_packages"
else:
new_markexpr = (f"{markexpr} and " if markexpr else "") + "not all_packages"
config.option.markexpr = new_markexpr
def pipx_temp_env_helper(pipx_shared_dir, tmp_path, monkeypatch, request, utils_temp_dir, pypi):
home_dir = Path(tmp_path) / "subdir" / "pipxhome"
bin_dir = Path(tmp_path) / "otherdir" / "pipxbindir"
man_dir = Path(tmp_path) / "otherdir" / "pipxmandir"
global_home_dir = Path(tmp_path) / "global" / "pipxhome"
global_bin_dir = Path(tmp_path) / "global_otherdir" / "pipxbindir"
global_man_dir = Path(tmp_path) / "global_otherdir" / "pipxmandir"
# Patch in test specific paths
monkeypatch.setattr(paths, "OVERRIDE_PIPX_HOME", home_dir)
monkeypatch.setattr(paths, "OVERRIDE_PIPX_BIN_DIR", bin_dir)
monkeypatch.setattr(paths, "OVERRIDE_PIPX_MAN_DIR", man_dir)
monkeypatch.setattr(paths, "OVERRIDE_PIPX_SHARED_LIBS", pipx_shared_dir)
monkeypatch.setattr(paths, "OVERRIDE_PIPX_GLOBAL_HOME", global_home_dir)
monkeypatch.setattr(paths, "OVERRIDE_PIPX_GLOBAL_BIN_DIR", global_bin_dir)
monkeypatch.setattr(paths, "OVERRIDE_PIPX_GLOBAL_MAN_DIR", global_man_dir)
# Refresh paths.ctx to commit the overrides
paths.ctx.make_local()
# Reset internal state of shared_libs
monkeypatch.setattr(shared_libs, "shared_libs", shared_libs._SharedLibs())
monkeypatch.setattr(venv, "shared_libs", shared_libs.shared_libs)
monkeypatch.setattr(interpreter, "DEFAULT_PYTHON", sys.executable)
if "PIPX_DEFAULT_PYTHON" in os.environ:
monkeypatch.delenv("PIPX_DEFAULT_PYTHON")
# macOS needs /usr/bin in PATH to compile certain packages, but
# applications in /usr/bin cause test_install.py tests to raise warnings
# which make tests fail (e.g. on Github ansible apps exist in /usr/bin)
monkeypatch.setenv("PATH_ORIG", str(paths.ctx.bin_dir) + os.pathsep + os.environ["PATH"])
monkeypatch.setenv("PATH_TEST", str(paths.ctx.bin_dir))
monkeypatch.setenv("PATH", str(paths.ctx.bin_dir) + os.pathsep + str(utils_temp_dir))
# On Windows, monkeypatch pipx.commands.common._can_symlink_cache to
# indicate that paths.ctx.bin_dir and paths.ctx.man_dir
# cannot use symlinks, even if we're running as administrator and
# symlinks are actually possible.
if WIN:
monkeypatch.setitem(commands.common._can_symlink_cache, paths.ctx.bin_dir, False)
monkeypatch.setitem(commands.common._can_symlink_cache, paths.ctx.man_dir, False)
if not request.config.option.net_pypiserver:
# IMPORTANT: use 127.0.0.1 not localhost
# Using localhost on Windows creates enormous slowdowns
# (for some reason--perhaps IPV6/IPV4 tries, timeouts?)
monkeypatch.setenv("PIP_INDEX_URL", pypi)
@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
def pipx_local_pypiserver(request, root: Path, tmp_path_factory) -> Iterator[str]:
"""Starts local pypiserver once per session unless --net-pypiserver was
passed to pytest"""
if request.config.option.net_pypiserver:
# need both yield and return because other codepath has both
yield ""
return
pipx_cache_dir = root / PIPX_TESTS_DIR / "package_cache"
check_test_packages_cmd = [
sys.executable,
"scripts/update_package_cache.py",
"--check-only",
str(PIPX_TESTS_PACKAGE_LIST_DIR),
str(pipx_cache_dir),
]
update_test_packages_cmd = [
sys.executable,
"scripts/update_package_cache.py",
str(PIPX_TESTS_PACKAGE_LIST_DIR),
str(pipx_cache_dir),
]
check_test_packages_process = subprocess.run(check_test_packages_cmd, check=False, cwd=root)
if check_test_packages_process.returncode != 0:
subprocess.run(update_test_packages_cmd, check=True, cwd=root)
def find_free_port():
with closing(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)) as s:
s.bind(("", 0))
return s.getsockname()[1]
server_log = tmp_path_factory.mktemp("log") / "pypiserver.log"
if server_log.exists():
server_log.unlink()
port = find_free_port()
os.environ["NO_PROXY"] = "127.0.0.1"
cache = str(pipx_cache_dir / f"{sys.version_info[0]}.{sys.version_info[1]}")
server = str(Path(sys.executable).parent / "pypi-server")
cmd = [
server,
"run",
"--verbose",
"--disable-fallback",
"--backend",
"cached-dir",
"--cache-control=3600",
"--host",
"127.0.0.1",
"--port",
str(port),
cache,
]
cmd += ["--log-file", str(server_log)]
pypiserver_process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, cwd=root)
url = f"http://127.0.0.1:{port}/simple/"
while True:
try:
with urlopen(url) as response:
if response.code == HTTPStatus.OK:
break
except (URLError, HTTPError):
continue
yield url
pypiserver_process.terminate()
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def pipx_session_shared_dir(tmp_path_factory):
"""Makes a temporary pipx shared libs directory only once per session"""
return tmp_path_factory.mktemp("session_shareddir")
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def utils_temp_dir(tmp_path_factory):
tmp_path = tmp_path_factory.mktemp("session_utilstempdir")
utils = ["git"]
for util in utils:
at_path = shutil.which(util)
assert at_path is not None
util_path = Path(at_path)
try:
(tmp_path / util_path.name).symlink_to(util_path)
except FileExistsError:
pass
return tmp_path
@pytest.fixture
def pipx_temp_env(tmp_path, monkeypatch, pipx_session_shared_dir, request, utils_temp_dir, pipx_local_pypiserver):
"""Sets up temporary paths for pipx to install into.
Shared libs are setup once per session, all other pipx dirs, constants are
recreated for every test function.
Also adds environment variables as necessary to make pip installations
seamless.
"""
pipx_temp_env_helper(pipx_session_shared_dir, tmp_path, monkeypatch, request, utils_temp_dir, pipx_local_pypiserver)
yield
paths.ctx.make_local()
@pytest.fixture
def pipx_ultra_temp_env(tmp_path, monkeypatch, request, utils_temp_dir, pipx_local_pypiserver):
"""Sets up temporary paths for pipx to install into.
Fully temporary environment, every test function starts as if pipx has
never been run before, including empty shared libs directory.
Also adds environment variables as necessary to make pip installations
seamless.
"""
shared_dir = Path(tmp_path) / "shareddir"
pipx_temp_env_helper(shared_dir, tmp_path, monkeypatch, request, utils_temp_dir, pipx_local_pypiserver)
yield
paths.ctx.make_local()
================================================
FILE: tests/helpers.py
================================================
import json
import os
import re
import sys
from dataclasses import replace
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Optional
from unittest import mock
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
from package_info import PKG
from pipx import constants, main, paths, pipx_metadata_file, util
WIN = sys.platform.startswith("win")
PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS = [None, "0.1", "0.2", "0.3"]
MOCK_PIPXMETADATA_0_1: dict[str, Any] = {
"main_package": None,
"python_version": None,
"venv_args": [],
"injected_packages": {},
"pipx_metadata_version": "0.1",
}
MOCK_PIPXMETADATA_0_2: dict[str, Any] = {
"main_package": None,
"python_version": None,
"venv_args": [],
"injected_packages": {},
"pipx_metadata_version": "0.2",
}
MOCK_PIPXMETADATA_0_3: dict[str, Any] = {
"main_package": None,
"python_version": None,
"venv_args": [],
"injected_packages": {},
"pipx_metadata_version": "0.3",
"man_pages": [],
"man_paths": [],
"man_pages_of_dependencies": [],
"man_paths_of_dependencies": {},
}
MOCK_PACKAGE_INFO_0_1: dict[str, Any] = {
"package": None,
"package_or_url": None,
"pip_args": [],
"include_dependencies": False,
"include_apps": True,
"apps": [],
"app_paths": [],
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
"app_paths_of_dependencies": {},
"package_version": "",
}
MOCK_PACKAGE_INFO_0_2: dict[str, Any] = {
"package": None,
"package_or_url": None,
"pip_args": [],
"include_dependencies": False,
"include_apps": True,
"apps": [],
"app_paths": [],
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
"app_paths_of_dependencies": {},
"package_version": "",
"suffix": "",
}
def app_name(app: str) -> str:
return f"{app}.exe" if WIN else app
def run_pipx_cli(pipx_args: list[str]) -> int:
with mock.patch.object(sys, "argv", ["pipx"] + pipx_args):
return main.cli()
def unwrap_log_text(log_text: str):
"""Remove line-break + indent space from log messages
Captured log lines always start with the 'severity' so if a line starts
with any spaces assume it is due to an indented pipx wrapped message.
"""
return re.sub(r"\n\s+", " ", log_text)
def _mock_legacy_package_info(modern_package_info: dict[str, Any], metadata_version: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
if metadata_version in ["0.2", "0.3"]:
mock_package_info_template = MOCK_PACKAGE_INFO_0_2
elif metadata_version == "0.1":
mock_package_info_template = MOCK_PACKAGE_INFO_0_1
else:
raise Exception(f"Internal Test Error: Unknown metadata_version={metadata_version}")
mock_package_info = {}
for key in mock_package_info_template:
mock_package_info[key] = modern_package_info[key]
return mock_package_info
def mock_legacy_venv(venv_name: str, metadata_version: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
"""Convert a venv installed with the most recent pipx to look like
one with a previous metadata version.
metadata_version=None refers to no metadata file (pipx pre-0.15.0.0)
"""
venv_dir = Path(paths.ctx.venvs) / canonicalize_name(venv_name)
if metadata_version == "0.4":
# Current metadata version, do nothing
return
elif metadata_version == "0.3":
mock_pipx_metadata_template = MOCK_PIPXMETADATA_0_3
elif metadata_version == "0.2":
mock_pipx_metadata_template = MOCK_PIPXMETADATA_0_2
elif metadata_version == "0.1":
mock_pipx_metadata_template = MOCK_PIPXMETADATA_0_1
elif metadata_version is None:
# No metadata
os.remove(venv_dir / "pipx_metadata.json")
return
else:
raise Exception(f"Internal Test Error: Unknown metadata_version={metadata_version}")
modern_metadata = pipx_metadata_file.PipxMetadata(venv_dir).to_dict()
# Convert to mock old metadata
mock_pipx_metadata: dict[str, Any] = {}
for key in mock_pipx_metadata_template:
if key == "main_package":
mock_pipx_metadata[key] = _mock_legacy_package_info(modern_metadata[key], metadata_version=metadata_version)
if key == "injected_packages":
mock_pipx_metadata[key] = {}
for injected in modern_metadata[key]:
mock_pipx_metadata[key][injected] = _mock_legacy_package_info(
modern_metadata[key][injected], metadata_version=metadata_version
)
else:
mock_pipx_metadata[key] = modern_metadata.get(key)
mock_pipx_metadata["pipx_metadata_version"] = mock_pipx_metadata_template["pipx_metadata_version"]
# replicate pipx_metadata_file.PipxMetadata.write()
with open(venv_dir / "pipx_metadata.json", "w") as pipx_metadata_fh:
json.dump(
mock_pipx_metadata,
pipx_metadata_fh,
indent=4,
sort_keys=True,
cls=pipx_metadata_file.JsonEncoderHandlesPath,
)
def create_package_info_ref(venv_name, package_name, pipx_venvs_dir, **field_overrides):
"""Create reference PackageInfo to check against
Overridable fields to be used in field_overrides:
pip_args (default: [])
include_apps (default: True)
include_dependencies (default: False)
app_paths_of_dependencies (default: {})
"""
venv_bin_dir = "Scripts" if constants.WINDOWS else "bin"
return pipx_metadata_file.PackageInfo(
package=package_name,
package_or_url=PKG[package_name]["spec"],
pip_args=field_overrides.get("pip_args", []),
include_apps=field_overrides.get("include_apps", True),
include_dependencies=field_overrides.get("include_dependencies", False),
apps=PKG[package_name]["apps"],
app_paths=[pipx_venvs_dir / venv_name / venv_bin_dir / app for app in PKG[package_name]["apps"]],
apps_of_dependencies=PKG[package_name]["apps_of_dependencies"],
app_paths_of_dependencies=field_overrides.get("app_paths_of_dependencies", {}),
man_pages=PKG[package_name].get("man_pages", []),
man_paths=[
pipx_venvs_dir / venv_name / "share" / "man" / man_page
for man_page in PKG[package_name].get("man_pages", [])
],
man_pages_of_dependencies=PKG[package_name].get("man_pages_of_dependencies", []),
man_paths_of_dependencies=field_overrides.get("man_paths_of_dependencies", {}),
package_version=PKG[package_name]["spec"].split("==")[-1],
)
def assert_package_metadata(test_metadata, ref_metadata):
# only compare sorted versions of apps, app_paths so order is not important
assert test_metadata.package_version != ""
assert isinstance(test_metadata.apps, list)
assert isinstance(test_metadata.app_paths, list)
test_metadata_replaced = replace(
test_metadata,
apps=sorted(test_metadata.apps),
app_paths=sorted(test_metadata.app_paths),
apps_of_dependencies=sorted(test_metadata.apps_of_dependencies),
app_paths_of_dependencies={key: sorted(value) for key, value in test_metadata.app_paths_of_dependencies.items()},
)
ref_metadata_replaced = replace(
ref_metadata,
apps=sorted(ref_metadata.apps),
app_paths=sorted(ref_metadata.app_paths),
apps_of_dependencies=sorted(ref_metadata.apps_of_dependencies),
app_paths_of_dependencies={key: sorted(value) for key, value in ref_metadata.app_paths_of_dependencies.items()},
)
assert test_metadata_replaced == ref_metadata_replaced
def remove_venv_interpreter(venv_name):
_, venv_python_path, _ = util.get_venv_paths(paths.ctx.venvs / venv_name)
assert venv_python_path.is_file()
venv_python_path.unlink()
assert not venv_python_path.is_file()
skip_if_windows = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform.startswith("win"), reason="This behavior is undefined on Windows")
================================================
FILE: tests/package_info.py
================================================
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
WIN = sys.platform.startswith("win")
def _exe_if_win(apps):
return [f"{app}.exe" if WIN else app for app in apps]
# Versions of all packages possibly used in our tests
# Only apply _exe_if_win to entry_points, NOT scripts
PKG: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {
"ansible": {
"spec": "ansible==6.7.0",
"apps": [
"ansible",
"ansible-config",
"ansible-connection",
"ansible-console",
"ansible-doc",
"ansible-galaxy",
"ansible-inventory",
"ansible-playbook",
"ansible-pull",
"ansible-test",
"ansible-vault",
],
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
},
"awscli": {
"spec": "awscli==1.18.168",
"apps": [
"aws",
"aws.cmd",
"aws_bash_completer",
"aws_completer",
"aws_zsh_completer.sh",
],
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(
[
"pyrsa-decrypt", # rsa EXE
"pyrsa-encrypt", # rsa EXE
"pyrsa-keygen", # rsa EXE
"pyrsa-priv2pub", # rsa EXE
"pyrsa-sign", # rsa EXE
"pyrsa-verify", # rsa EXE
]
)
+ [
"jp.py", # jmespath.py NO_EXE
"rst2html.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2html4.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2html5.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2latex.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2man.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2odt.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2odt_prepstyles.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2pseudoxml.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2s5.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2xetex.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2xml.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rstpep2html.py", # docutils NO_EXE
],
},
"b2": {
"spec": "b2==3.12.0",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["b2"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["docutils", "rst2ansi", "tabulate", "tqdm", "normalizer"])
+ [
"activate-global-python-argcomplete",
"python-argcomplete-check-easy-install-script",
"register-python-argcomplete",
"rst2html4.py",
"rst2html5.py",
"rst2html.py",
"rst2latex.py",
"rst2man.py",
"rst2odt_prepstyles.py",
"rst2odt.py",
"rst2pseudoxml.py",
"rst2s5.py",
"rst2xetex.py",
"rst2xml.py",
"rstpep2html.py",
],
},
"beancount": {
"spec": "beancount==2.3.6",
"apps": _exe_if_win(
[
"bean-bake",
"bean-check",
"bean-doctor",
"bean-example",
"bean-extract",
"bean-file",
"bean-format",
"bean-identify",
"bean-price",
"bean-query",
"bean-report",
"bean-sql",
"bean-web",
"treeify",
"upload-to-sheets",
]
),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(
[
"chardetect", # chardet EXE
"py.test", # pytest EXE
"pyrsa-decrypt", # rsa EXE
"pyrsa-encrypt", # rsa EXE
"pyrsa-keygen", # rsa EXE
"pyrsa-priv2pub", # rsa EXE
"pyrsa-sign", # rsa EXE
"pyrsa-verify", # rsa EXE
"pytest", # pytest EXE
"normalizer",
"py.test",
]
)
+ ["bottle.py", "dumppdf.py", "latin2ascii.py", "pdf2txt.py"], # bottle NO_EXE
},
"beets": {
"spec": "beets==1.4.9",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["beet"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(
[
"mid3cp",
"mid3iconv",
"mid3v2",
"moggsplit",
"mutagen-inspect",
"mutagen-pony",
"unidecode", # unidecode EXE
]
),
"man_pages": [],
"man_pages_of_dependencies": [
str(Path("man1") / "mutagen-pony.1"),
str(Path("man1") / "mutagen-inspect.1"),
str(Path("man1") / "moggsplit.1"),
str(Path("man1") / "mid3v2.1"),
str(Path("man1") / "mid3iconv.1"),
str(Path("man1") / "mid3cp.1"),
],
},
"black": {
"spec": "black==22.8.0",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["black", "blackd"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
},
"cactus": {
"spec": "cactus==3.3.3",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["cactus"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["keyring", "markdown2"])
+ [
"asadmin",
"bundle_image",
"cfadmin",
"cq",
"cwutil",
"django-admin.py",
"dynamodb_dump",
"dynamodb_load",
"elbadmin",
"fetch_file",
"glacier",
"instance_events",
"keyring",
"kill_instance",
"launch_instance",
"list_instances",
"lss3",
"mturk",
"pyami_sendmail",
"route53",
"s3put",
"sdbadmin",
"taskadmin",
],
},
"chert": {
"spec": "chert==19.1.0",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["chert"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["ashes", "markdown_py"]) + ["ashes.py"],
},
# "cloudtoken": {
# "spec": "cloudtoken==2.1.0",
# "apps": ["awstoken", "cloudtoken", "cloudtoken.app", "cloudtoken_proxy.sh"],
# "apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["flask", "keyring", "normalizer"]) + ["jp.py"],
# },
"coala": {
"spec": "coala==0.11.0",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["coala", "coala-ci", "coala-delete-orig", "coala-format", "coala-json"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["normalizer", "pygmentize"]) + ["unidiff"],
},
"cookiecutter": {
"spec": "cookiecutter==2.4.0",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["cookiecutter"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["chardetect", "normalizer", "markdown-it", "pygmentize", "slugify"]),
},
"cython": {
"spec": "cython==0.29.21",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["cygdb", "cython", "cythonize"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
},
"datasette": {
"spec": "datasette==0.50.2",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["datasette"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["httpx", "hupper", "uvicorn"]) + ["pint-convert"],
},
"diffoscope": {
"spec": "diffoscope==154",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["diffoscope"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
},
"doc2dash": {
"spec": "doc2dash==3.0.0",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["doc2dash"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(
["markdown-it", "pygmentize"] # pygments EXE
),
},
"doitlive": {
"spec": "doitlive==4.3.0",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["doitlive"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
},
"gdbgui": {
"spec": "gdbgui==0.14.0.1",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["gdbgui"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["flask", "pygmentize"]),
},
"gns3-gui": {
"spec": "gns3-gui==2.2.15",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["gns3"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["distro", "jsonschema"]),
},
"grow": {
"spec": "grow==1.0.0a10",
"apps": ["grow"],
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(
[
"chardetect", # chardet EXE
"gen_protorpc", # EXE
"html2text", # html2text EXE
"markdown_py", # Markdown EXE
"pybabel", # babel EXE
"pygmentize", # pygments EXE
"pyrsa-decrypt", # rsa EXE
"pyrsa-encrypt", # rsa EXE
"pyrsa-keygen", # rsa EXE
"pyrsa-priv2pub", # rsa EXE
"pyrsa-sign", # rsa EXE
"pyrsa-verify", # rsa EXE
"slugify", # python_slugify EXE
"watchmedo", # watchdog EXE
]
),
},
"guake": {
"spec": "guake==3.7.0",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["guake", "guake-toggle"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["pbr"]),
},
"gunicorn": {
"spec": "gunicorn==20.0.4",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["gunicorn"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
},
"howdoi": {
"spec": "howdoi==2.0.20",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["howdoi"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["markdown-it", "keep", "normalizer", "pygmentize"]),
},
"httpie": {
"spec": "httpie==3.2.2",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["http", "httpie", "https"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["markdown-it", "normalizer", "pygmentize"]),
"man_pages": [
str(Path("man1") / "http.1"),
str(Path("man1") / "httpie.1"),
str(Path("man1") / "https.1"),
],
"man_pages_of_dependencies": [],
},
"hyde": {
"spec": "hyde==0.8.9",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["hyde"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["markdown_py", "pygmentize"]) + ["smartypants"],
},
"ipython": {
"spec": "ipython==7.16.1",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["iptest", "iptest3", "ipython", "ipython3"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["pygmentize"]), # pygments EXE
"man_pages": [str(Path("man1") / "ipython.1.gz")],
"man_pages_of_dependencies": [],
},
"isort": {
"spec": "isort==5.6.4",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["isort"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
},
"zest-releaser": {
"spec": "zest.releaser==9.1.2",
"apps": _exe_if_win(
[
"addchangelogentry",
"bumpversion",
"fullrelease",
"lasttagdiff",
"lasttaglog",
"longtest",
"postrelease",
"prerelease",
"release",
]
),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(
[
"markdown-it",
"normalizer",
"twine",
"pkginfo",
"pyproject-build",
"docutils",
"pygmentize",
"keyring",
]
)
+ [
"rst2html.py",
"rst2html4.py",
"rst2html5.py",
"rst2latex.py",
"rst2man.py",
"rst2odt.py",
"rst2odt_prepstyles.py",
"rst2pseudoxml.py",
"rst2s5.py",
"rst2xetex.py",
"rst2xml.py",
"rstpep2html.py",
],
},
"jupyter": {
"spec": "jupyter==1.0.0",
"apps": [],
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(
[
"iptest", # EXE
"iptest3", # EXE
"ipython", # EXE
"ipython3", # EXE
"jsonschema", # jsonschema EXE
"jupyter", # EXE
"jupyter-bundlerextension", # EXE
"jupyter-console", # EXE
"jupyter-kernel", # EXE
"jupyter-kernelspec", # EXE
"jupyter-migrate", # EXE
"jupyter-nbconvert", # EXE
"jupyter-nbextension", # EXE
"jupyter-notebook", # EXE
"jupyter-qtconsole", # EXE
"jupyter-run", # EXE
"jupyter-serverextension", # EXE
"jupyter-troubleshoot", # EXE
"jupyter-trust", # EXE
"pygmentize", # pygments EXE
]
),
},
"kaggle": {
"spec": "kaggle==1.6.11",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["kaggle"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": list(set(_exe_if_win(["slugify", "normalizer", "tqdm"]))),
},
"kibitzr": {
"spec": "kibitzr==7.0.5",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["kibitzr"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["doesitcache", "httpx", "normalizer"]),
},
"klaus": {
"spec": "klaus==1.5.2",
"apps": ["klaus"],
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["dulwich", "flask", "pygmentize"])
+ ["dul-receive-pack", "dul-upload-pack"],
},
"kolibri": {
"spec": "kolibri==0.14.3",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["kolibri"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
},
"lektor": {
"spec": "Lektor==3.3.10",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["lektor"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["filetype", "flask", "pybabel", "normalizer", "slugify", "watchmedo"])
+ ["EXIF.py"],
},
"localstack": {
"spec": "localstack==0.12.1",
"apps": ["localstack", "localstack.bat"],
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(
[
"dotenv",
"markdown-it",
"pbr",
"pygmentize",
"pyrsa-decrypt",
"pyrsa-encrypt",
"pyrsa-keygen",
"pyrsa-priv2pub",
"pyrsa-sign",
"pyrsa-verify",
"pysemver",
"pytail",
"tabulate",
"normalizer",
]
)
+ ["get_objgraph", "jp.py", "localstack-supervisor", "undill"],
},
"mackup": {
"spec": "mackup==0.8.29",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["mackup"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
}, # ONLY FOR mac, linux
"magic-wormhole": {
"spec": "magic-wormhole==0.13.0",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["wormhole"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(
[
"automat-visualize", # EXE
"cftp", # EXE
"ckeygen", # EXE
"conch", # EXE
"mailmail", # EXE
"pyhtmlizer", # EXE
"tkconch", # EXE
"tqdm", # tqdm EXE
"trial", # EXE
"twist", # EXE
"twistd", # EXE
"wamp", # EXE
"xbrnetwork", # EXE
"xbrnetwork-ui", # EXE
]
)
+ (["pywin32_postinstall.py", "pywin32_testall.py"] if WIN else []),
},
"mayan-edms": {
"spec": "mayan-edms==3.5.2",
"apps": ["mayan-edms.py"],
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(
[
"celery", # EXE
"chardetect", # chardet EXE
"django-admin", # EXE
"gunicorn", # EXE
"jsonschema", # jsonschema EXE
"sqlformat", # sqlparse EXE
"swagger-flex", # EXE
"update-tld-names", # # EXE
]
)
+ ["django-admin.py", "jsonpointer"],
},
"mkdocs": {
"spec": "mkdocs==1.1.2",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["mkdocs"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(
[
"livereload", # EXE
"futurize", # future EXE
"pasteurize", # future EXE
"nltk", # EXE
"tqdm", # tqdm EXE
"markdown_py", # Markdown EXE
]
),
},
"mycli": {
"spec": "mycli==1.22.2",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["mycli"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["pygmentize", "sqlformat", "tabulate"]),
},
"nikola": {
"spec": "nikola==8.2.4",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["nikola"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(
[
"docutils",
"doit", # EXE
"mako-render", # mako EXE
"markdown_py", # Markdown EXE
"natsort", # EXE
"pybabel", # babel EXE
"pygmentize", # pygments EXE
"unidecode", # unidecode EXE
"normalizer",
]
)
+ [
"rst2html.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2html4.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2html5.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2latex.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2man.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2odt.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2odt_prepstyles.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2pseudoxml.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2s5.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2xetex.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2xml.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rstpep2html.py", # docutils NO_EXE
],
"man_pages": [str(Path("man1") / "nikola.1.gz")],
"man_pages_of_dependencies": [],
},
"nox": {
"spec": "nox==2023.4.22",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["nox", "tox-to-nox"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["virtualenv"])
+ [
"activate-global-python-argcomplete",
"python-argcomplete-check-easy-install-script",
"register-python-argcomplete",
], # from argcomplete
},
"pbr": {"spec": "pbr==5.6.0", "apps": _exe_if_win(["pbr"])},
"pelican": {
"spec": "pelican==4.8.0",
"apps": _exe_if_win(
[
"pelican",
"pelican-import",
"pelican-plugins",
"pelican-quickstart",
"pelican-themes",
]
),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["docutils", "markdown-it", "pygmentize", "unidecode"])
+ [
"rst2html.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2html4.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2html5.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2latex.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2man.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2odt.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2odt_prepstyles.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2pseudoxml.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2s5.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2xetex.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2xml.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rstpep2html.py", # docutils NO_EXE
],
},
"platformio": {
"spec": "platformio==6.1.11",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["pio", "piodebuggdb", "platformio"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(
[
"async-json-rpc-server",
"pyserial-miniterm",
"pyserial-ports",
"tabulate",
"uvicorn",
"normalizer",
]
)
+ ["bottle.py", "readelf.py"],
},
"ppci": {
"spec": "ppci==0.5.8",
"apps": _exe_if_win(
[
"ppci-archive",
"ppci-asm",
"ppci-build",
"ppci-c3c",
"ppci-cc",
"ppci-dbg",
"ppci-disasm",
"ppci-hexdump",
"ppci-hexutil",
"ppci-java",
"ppci-ld",
"ppci-llc",
"ppci-mkuimage",
"ppci-objcopy",
"ppci-objdump",
"ppci-ocaml",
"ppci-opt",
"ppci-pascal",
"ppci-pedump",
"ppci-pycompile",
"ppci-readelf",
"ppci-wabt",
"ppci-wasm2wat",
"ppci-wasmcompile",
"ppci-wat2wasm",
"ppci-yacc",
]
),
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
},
"prosopopee": {
"spec": "prosopopee==1.1.3",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["prosopopee"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["futurize", "pasteurize", "pybabel"]),
},
"ptpython": {
"spec": "ptpython==3.0.7",
"apps": _exe_if_win(
[
"ptipython",
"ptipython3",
"ptipython3.8",
"ptpython",
"ptpython3",
"ptpython3.8",
]
),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["pygmentize"]), # pygments EXE
},
"pycowsay": {
"spec": "pycowsay==0.0.0.2",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["pycowsay"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
"man_pages": [str(Path("man6") / "pycowsay.6")],
"man_pages_of_dependencies": [],
},
"pygdbmi": {"spec": "pygdbmi==0.10.0.0", "apps": [], "apps_of_dependencies": []},
"pylint": {
"spec": "pylint==3.0.4",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["pylint", "pylint-config", "pyreverse", "symilar"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["isort", "isort-identify-imports"])
+ ["get_gprof", "get_objgraph", "undill"],
},
"retext": {
"spec": "ReText==8.0.1",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["retext"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(
[
"docutils",
"markdown_py", # Markdown EXE
"pygmentize", # pygments EXE
"pylupdate6", # EXE
"pyuic6", # EXE
"chardetect",
]
)
+ [
"rst2html.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2html4.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2html5.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2latex.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2man.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2odt.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2odt_prepstyles.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2pseudoxml.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2s5.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2xetex.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2xml.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rstpep2html.py", # docutils NO_EXE
],
},
"robotframework": {
"spec": "robotframework==3.2.2",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["rebot", "robot"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
},
"shell-functools": {
"spec": "shell-functools==0.3.0",
"apps": [
"filter",
"foldl",
"foldl1",
"ft-functions",
"map",
"sort_by",
"take_while",
],
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
},
"speedtest-cli": {
"spec": "speedtest-cli==2.1.2",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["speedtest", "speedtest-cli"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
},
"sphinx": {
"spec": "Sphinx==7.2.6",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["sphinx-apidoc", "sphinx-autogen", "sphinx-build", "sphinx-quickstart"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["docutils", "pybabel", "normalizer", "pygmentize"])
+ [
"rst2html.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2html4.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2html5.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2latex.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2man.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2odt.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2odt_prepstyles.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2pseudoxml.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2s5.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2xetex.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rst2xml.py", # docutils NO_EXE
"rstpep2html.py", # docutils NO_EXE
],
},
"sqlmap": {
"spec": "sqlmap==1.4.10",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["sqlmap"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
},
"streamlink": {
"spec": "streamlink==6.3.1",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["streamlink"] + (["streamlinkw"] if WIN else [])),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["normalizer", "wsdump"]),
"man_pages": [str(Path("man1") / "streamlink.1")],
"man_pages_of_dependencies": [],
},
"taguette": {
"spec": "taguette==0.9.2",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["taguette"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["alembic", "mako-render"]) + ["vba_extract.py"],
},
"term2048": {
"spec": "term2048==0.2.7",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["term2048"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
},
"tox-ini-fmt": {
"spec": "tox-ini-fmt==0.5.0",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["tox-ini-fmt"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(["py.test", "pytest"]), # pytest EXE
},
"visidata": {
"spec": "visidata==2.0.1",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["visidata"]) + ["vd"],
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
"man_pages": [str(Path("man1") / "vd.1")],
"man_pages_of_dependencies": [],
},
"vulture": {
"spec": "vulture==2.1",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["vulture"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
},
"weblate": {
"spec": "Weblate==4.3.1",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["weblate"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win( # TODO: check if _exe_if_win (can't install)
[
"borg",
"borgfs",
"build_firefox.sh",
"build_tmdb",
"buildxpi.py",
"celery",
"chardetect", # chardet EXE
"csv2po",
"csv2tbx",
"cygdb",
"cython",
"cythonize",
"django-admin",
"django-admin.py", # NO_EXE
"flatxml2po",
"get_moz_enUS.py",
"html2po",
"html2text", # html2text EXE
"ical2po",
"idml2po",
"ini2po",
"json2po",
"jsonschema", # jsonschema EXE
"junitmsgfmt",
"misaka",
"moz2po",
"mozlang2po",
"odf2xliff",
"oo2po",
"oo2xliff",
"php2po",
"phppo2pypo",
"po2csv",
"po2flatxml",
"po2html",
"po2ical",
"po2idml",
"po2ini",
"po2json",
"po2moz",
"po2mozlang",
"po2oo",
"po2php",
"po2prop",
"po2rc",
"po2resx",
"po2sub",
"po2symb",
"po2tiki",
"po2tmx",
"po2ts",
"po2txt",
"po2web2py",
"po2wordfast",
"po2xliff",
"po2yaml",
"poclean",
"pocommentclean",
"pocompendium",
"pocompile",
"poconflicts",
"pocount",
"podebug",
"pofilter",
"pogrep",
"pomerge",
"pomigrate2",
"popuretext",
"poreencode",
"porestructure",
"posegment",
"posplit",
"poswap",
"pot2po",
"poterminology",
"pretranslate",
"prop2po",
"pydiff",
"pypo2phppo",
"rc2po",
"resx2po",
"sqlformat", # sqlparse EXE
"sub2po",
"symb2po",
"tbx2po",
"tiki2po",
"tmserver",
"ts2po",
"txt2po",
"web2py2po",
"weblate-discover",
"xliff2odf",
"xliff2oo",
"xliff2po",
"yaml2po",
]
),
},
"youtube-dl": {
"spec": "youtube-dl==2020.9.20",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["youtube-dl"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": [],
"man_pages": [str(Path("man1") / "youtube-dl.1")],
"man_pages_of_dependencies": [],
},
"zeo": {
"spec": "ZEO==5.2.2",
"apps": _exe_if_win(["runzeo", "zeo-nagios", "zeoctl", "zeopack"]),
"apps_of_dependencies": _exe_if_win(
[
"fsdump",
"fsoids",
"fsrefs",
"fstail",
"repozo",
"zconfig",
"zconfig_schema2html",
"zdaemon",
]
),
},
}
================================================
FILE: tests/test_animate.py
================================================
import time
from timeit import default_timer
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
import pipx.animate
from pipx.animate import (
CLEAR_LINE,
EMOJI_ANIMATION_FRAMES,
EMOJI_FRAME_PERIOD,
NONEMOJI_ANIMATION_FRAMES,
NONEMOJI_FRAME_PERIOD,
)
# 40-char test_string counts columns e.g.: "0204060810 ... 363840"
TEST_STRING_40_CHAR = "".join([f"{x:02}" for x in range(2, 41, 2)])
def check_animate_output(
capsys,
test_string,
frame_strings,
frame_period,
frames_to_test,
extra_animate_time=0.4,
extra_after_thread_time=0.1,
):
"""
Refactored to use polling instead of rigid sleeps.
"""
expected_string = "".join(frame_strings)
# FIX: Calculate exact length required. Removed the "+ 1" that caused flakes.
chars_to_test = len("".join(frame_strings[:frames_to_test]))
total_err = ""
# Generous timeout for slow CI environments (e.g. Windows/Mac runners)
timeout = 5.0
start_time = default_timer()
with pipx.animate.animate(test_string, do_animation=True):
# POLLING LOOP: Keep reading until we get the expected data
while default_timer() - start_time < timeout:
captured = capsys.readouterr()
total_err += captured.err
# If we have enough data, stop waiting immediately
if len(total_err) >= chars_to_test:
break
# Tiny sleep to avoid 100% CPU usage loop
time.sleep(0.01)
# Capture any final output after loop or context manager exit
captured = capsys.readouterr()
total_err += captured.err
print("check_animate_output() Test Debug Output:")
if len(total_err) < chars_to_test:
print("Not enough captured characters--Timed out waiting for output")
print(f"captured characters: {len(total_err)}")
print(f"chars_to_test: {chars_to_test}")
for i in range(0, chars_to_test, 40):
i_end = min(i + 40, chars_to_test)
print(f"expected_string[{i}:{i_end}]: {expected_string[i:i_end]!r}")
print(f"captured.err[{i}:{i_end}] : {total_err[i:i_end]!r}")
assert total_err[:chars_to_test] == expected_string[:chars_to_test]
def test_delay_suppresses_output(capsys, monkeypatch):
monkeypatch.setattr(pipx.animate, "stderr_is_tty", True)
monkeypatch.setenv("COLUMNS", "80")
test_string = "asdf"
# We keep sleep here because we are testing the ABSENCE of output during a delay.
with pipx.animate.animate(test_string, do_animation=True, delay=0.9):
time.sleep(0.5)
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert test_string not in captured.err
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"env_columns,expected_frame_message",
[
(45, f"{TEST_STRING_40_CHAR:.{45 - 6}}..."),
(46, f"{TEST_STRING_40_CHAR}"),
(47, f"{TEST_STRING_40_CHAR}"),
],
)
def test_line_lengths_emoji(capsys, monkeypatch, env_columns, expected_frame_message):
monkeypatch.setattr(pipx.animate, "stderr_is_tty", True)
monkeypatch.setattr(pipx.animate, "EMOJI_SUPPORT", True)
monkeypatch.setenv("COLUMNS", str(env_columns))
frames_to_test = 4
frame_strings = [f"\r{CLEAR_LINE}{x} {expected_frame_message}" for x in EMOJI_ANIMATION_FRAMES]
check_animate_output(capsys, TEST_STRING_40_CHAR, frame_strings, EMOJI_FRAME_PERIOD, frames_to_test)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"env_columns,expected_frame_message",
[
(43, f"{TEST_STRING_40_CHAR:.{43 - 4}}"),
(44, f"{TEST_STRING_40_CHAR}"),
(45, f"{TEST_STRING_40_CHAR}"),
],
)
def test_line_lengths_no_emoji(capsys, monkeypatch, env_columns, expected_frame_message):
monkeypatch.setattr(pipx.animate, "stderr_is_tty", True)
monkeypatch.setattr(pipx.animate, "EMOJI_SUPPORT", False)
monkeypatch.setenv("COLUMNS", str(env_columns))
frames_to_test = 2
frame_strings = [f"\r{CLEAR_LINE}{expected_frame_message}{x}" for x in NONEMOJI_ANIMATION_FRAMES]
check_animate_output(
capsys,
TEST_STRING_40_CHAR,
frame_strings,
NONEMOJI_FRAME_PERIOD,
frames_to_test,
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("env_columns,stderr_is_tty", [(0, True), (8, True), (16, True), (17, False)])
def test_env_no_animate(capsys, monkeypatch, env_columns, stderr_is_tty):
monkeypatch.setattr(pipx.animate, "stderr_is_tty", stderr_is_tty)
monkeypatch.setenv("COLUMNS", str(env_columns))
expected_string = f"{TEST_STRING_40_CHAR}...\n"
# Replaced complex sleep math with a simple short wait.
# We just need the context manager to run and exit to verify the static output.
with pipx.animate.animate(TEST_STRING_40_CHAR, do_animation=True):
time.sleep(0.1)
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert captured.out == ""
assert captured.err == expected_string
================================================
FILE: tests/test_common.py
================================================
from helpers import skip_if_windows
from pipx.commands.common import get_exposed_paths_for_package
@skip_if_windows
def test_get_exposed_paths_ignores_recursive_symlink(tmp_path):
venv_resource_path = tmp_path / "venv_bin"
venv_resource_path.mkdir()
local_resource_dir = tmp_path / "bin"
local_resource_dir.mkdir()
loop = local_resource_dir / "recursiveexample"
loop.symlink_to(loop.name)
exposed = get_exposed_paths_for_package(venv_resource_path, local_resource_dir)
assert loop not in exposed
================================================
FILE: tests/test_completions.py
================================================
from helpers import run_pipx_cli
def test_cli(monkeypatch, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["completions"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Add the appropriate command" in captured.out
================================================
FILE: tests/test_emojis.py
================================================
import sys
from io import BytesIO, TextIOWrapper
from unittest import mock
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from pipx.emojis import use_emojis
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"PIPX_USE_EMOJI, encoding, expected",
[
# utf-8
(None, "utf-8", True),
("", "utf-8", False),
("0", "utf-8", False),
("1", "utf-8", True),
("true", "utf-8", True),
("tru", "utf-8", False), # codespell:ignore tru
("True", "utf-8", True),
("false", "utf-8", False),
# latin_1 (alias: iso-8859-1)
(None, "latin_1", False),
("", "latin_1", False),
("0", "latin_1", False),
("1", "latin_1", True),
("true", "latin_1", True),
("tru", "latin_1", False), # codespell:ignore tru
("True", "latin_1", True),
("false", "latin_1", False),
# cp1252
(None, "cp1252", False),
("", "cp1252", False),
("0", "cp1252", False),
("1", "cp1252", True),
("true", "cp1252", True),
("tru", "cp1252", False), # codespell:ignore tru
("True", "cp1252", True),
("false", "cp1252", False),
],
)
def test_use_emojis(monkeypatch, PIPX_USE_EMOJI, encoding, expected):
with mock.patch.object(sys, "stderr", TextIOWrapper(BytesIO(), encoding=encoding)):
if PIPX_USE_EMOJI is not None:
monkeypatch.setenv("PIPX_USE_EMOJI", PIPX_USE_EMOJI)
assert use_emojis() is expected
================================================
FILE: tests/test_environment.py
================================================
import fnmatch
from pathlib import Path
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from helpers import run_pipx_cli, skip_if_windows
from pipx import paths
from pipx.commands.environment import ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES
from pipx.paths import get_expanded_environ
def test_cli(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["environment"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert fnmatch.fnmatch(captured.out, "*PIPX_HOME=*subdir/pipxhome*")
assert fnmatch.fnmatch(captured.out, "*PIPX_BIN_DIR=*otherdir/pipxbindir*")
assert fnmatch.fnmatch(captured.out, "*PIPX_MAN_DIR=*otherdir/pipxmandir*")
assert "PIPX_SHARED_LIBS" in captured.out
assert fnmatch.fnmatch(captured.out, "*PIPX_LOCAL_VENVS=*subdir/pipxhome/venvs*")
assert fnmatch.fnmatch(captured.out, "*PIPX_LOG_DIR=*subdir/pipxhome/logs*")
assert fnmatch.fnmatch(captured.out, "*PIPX_TRASH_DIR=*subdir/pipxhome/.trash*")
assert fnmatch.fnmatch(captured.out, "*PIPX_VENV_CACHEDIR=*subdir/pipxhome/.cache*")
# Checking just for the sake of completeness
for env_var in ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES:
assert env_var in captured.out
def test_cli_with_args(monkeypatch, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["environment", "--value", "PIPX_HOME"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["environment", "--value", "PIPX_BIN_DIR"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["environment", "--value", "PIPX_MAN_DIR"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["environment", "--value", "PIPX_SHARED_LIBS"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["environment", "--value", "PIPX_LOCAL_VENVS"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["environment", "--value", "PIPX_LOG_DIR"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["environment", "--value", "PIPX_TRASH_DIR"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["environment", "--value", "PIPX_VENV_CACHEDIR"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["environment", "--value", "PIPX_DEFAULT_PYTHON"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["environment", "--value", "PIPX_USE_EMOJI"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["environment", "--value", "PIPX_HOME_ALLOW_SPACE"])
with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as excinfo:
run_pipx_cli(["environment", "--value", "SSS"])
assert excinfo.value.code == 2
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "invalid choice" in captured.err
def test_resolve_user_dir_in_env_paths(monkeypatch):
monkeypatch.setenv("TEST_DIR", "~/test")
home = Path.home()
env_dir = get_expanded_environ("TEST_DIR")
assert "~" not in str(env_dir)
assert env_dir == home / "test"
env_dir = get_expanded_environ("THIS_SHOULD_NOT_EXIST")
assert env_dir is None
def test_allow_space_in_pipx_home(
monkeypatch,
capsys,
tmp_path,
):
home_dir = Path(tmp_path) / "path with space"
monkeypatch.setattr(paths.ctx, "_base_home", home_dir)
assert not run_pipx_cli(["environment", "--value", "PIPX_HOME_ALLOW_SPACE"])
paths.ctx.log_warnings()
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Found a space" in captured.err
assert "false" in captured.out
monkeypatch.setenv("PIPX_HOME_ALLOW_SPACE", "1")
assert not run_pipx_cli(["environment", "--value", "PIPX_HOME_ALLOW_SPACE"])
paths.ctx.log_warnings()
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Found a space" not in captured.err
assert "true" in captured.out
paths.ctx.make_local()
@skip_if_windows
def test_cli_global(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["environment", "--global"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert fnmatch.fnmatch(captured.out, "*PIPX_HOME=*global/pipxhome*")
assert fnmatch.fnmatch(captured.out, "*PIPX_BIN_DIR=*global_otherdir/pipxbindir*")
assert fnmatch.fnmatch(captured.out, "*PIPX_MAN_DIR=*global_otherdir/pipxmandir*")
assert "PIPX_SHARED_LIBS" in captured.out
assert fnmatch.fnmatch(captured.out, "*PIPX_LOCAL_VENVS=*global/pipxhome/venvs*")
assert fnmatch.fnmatch(captured.out, "*PIPX_LOG_DIR=*global/pipxhome/logs*")
assert fnmatch.fnmatch(captured.out, "*PIPX_TRASH_DIR=*global/pipxhome/.trash*")
assert fnmatch.fnmatch(captured.out, "*PIPX_VENV_CACHEDIR=*global/pipxhome/.cache*")
# Checking just for the sake of completeness
for env_var in ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES:
assert env_var in captured.out
================================================
FILE: tests/test_inject.py
================================================
import logging
import re
import textwrap
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from helpers import PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS, mock_legacy_venv, run_pipx_cli, skip_if_windows
from package_info import PKG
# Note that this also checks that packages used in other tests can be injected individually
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"pkg_spec,",
[
PKG["black"]["spec"],
PKG["nox"]["spec"],
PKG["pylint"]["spec"],
PKG["ipython"]["spec"],
"jaraco.clipboard==2.0.1", # tricky character
],
)
def test_inject_single_package(pipx_temp_env, capsys, caplog, pkg_spec):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["inject", "pycowsay", pkg_spec])
# Check arguments have been parsed correctly
assert f"Injecting packages: {[pkg_spec]!r}" in caplog.text
# Check it's actually being installed and into correct venv
captured = capsys.readouterr()
injected = re.findall(r"injected package (.+?) into venv pycowsay", captured.out)
pkg_name = pkg_spec.split("=", 1)[0].replace(".", "-") # assuming spec is always of the form ==
assert set(injected) == {pkg_name}
@skip_if_windows
def test_inject_simple_global(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "--global", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["inject", "--global", "pycowsay", PKG["black"]["spec"]])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("metadata_version", PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS)
def test_inject_simple_legacy_venv(pipx_temp_env, capsys, metadata_version):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
mock_legacy_venv("pycowsay", metadata_version=metadata_version)
if metadata_version is not None:
assert not run_pipx_cli(["inject", "pycowsay", PKG["black"]["spec"]])
else:
# no metadata in venv should result in PipxError with message
assert run_pipx_cli(["inject", "pycowsay", PKG["black"]["spec"]])
assert "Please uninstall and install" in capsys.readouterr().err
@pytest.mark.parametrize("with_suffix,", [(False,), (True,)])
def test_inject_include_apps(pipx_temp_env, capsys, with_suffix):
install_args = []
suffix = ""
if with_suffix:
suffix = "_x"
install_args = [f"--suffix={suffix}"]
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay", *install_args])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["inject", f"pycowsay{suffix}", PKG["black"]["spec"], "--include-deps"])
if suffix:
assert run_pipx_cli(["inject", "pycowsay", PKG["black"]["spec"], "--include-deps"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["inject", f"pycowsay{suffix}", PKG["black"]["spec"], "--include-deps"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"with_packages,",
[
(), # no extra packages
("black",), # duplicate from requirements file
("ipython",), # additional package
],
)
def test_inject_with_req_file(pipx_temp_env, capsys, caplog, tmp_path, with_packages):
caplog.set_level(logging.INFO)
req_file = tmp_path / "inject-requirements.txt"
req_file.write_text(
textwrap.dedent(
f"""
{PKG["black"]["spec"]} # a comment inline
{PKG["nox"]["spec"]}
{PKG["pylint"]["spec"]}
# comment on separate line
"""
).strip()
)
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(
["inject", "pycowsay", *(PKG[pkg]["spec"] for pkg in with_packages), "--requirement", str(req_file)]
)
packages = [
("black", PKG["black"]["spec"]),
("nox", PKG["nox"]["spec"]),
("pylint", PKG["pylint"]["spec"]),
]
packages.extend((pkg, PKG[pkg]["spec"]) for pkg in with_packages)
packages = sorted(set(packages))
# Check arguments and files have been parsed correctly
assert f"Injecting packages: {[p for _, p in packages]!r}" in caplog.text
# Check they're actually being installed and into correct venv
captured = capsys.readouterr()
injected = re.findall(r"injected package (.+?) into venv pycowsay", captured.out)
assert set(injected) == {pkg for pkg, _ in packages}
================================================
FILE: tests/test_install.py
================================================
import os
import re
import subprocess
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from unittest import mock
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from helpers import app_name, run_pipx_cli, skip_if_windows, unwrap_log_text
from package_info import PKG
from pipx import paths, shared_libs
TEST_DATA_PATH = "./testdata/test_package_specifier"
def test_help_text(monkeypatch, capsys):
mock_exit = mock.Mock(side_effect=ValueError("raised in test to exit early"))
with mock.patch.object(sys, "exit", mock_exit), pytest.raises(ValueError, match="raised in test to exit early"):
run_pipx_cli(["install", "--help"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "apps you can run from anywhere" in captured.out
def install_packages(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog, packages, package_names=()):
if len(package_names) != len(packages):
package_names = packages
run_pipx_cli(["install", *packages, "--verbose"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
for package_name in package_names:
assert f"installed package {package_name}" in captured.out
if not sys.platform.startswith("win"):
# TODO assert on windows too
# https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/217
assert "symlink missing or pointing to unexpected location" not in captured.out
assert "not modifying" not in captured.out
assert "is not on your PATH environment variable" not in captured.out
assert "⚠️" not in caplog.text
assert "WARNING" not in caplog.text
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"package_name, package_spec",
[("pycowsay", "pycowsay"), ("black", PKG["black"]["spec"])],
)
def test_install_easy_packages(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog, package_name, package_spec):
install_packages(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog, [package_spec], [package_name])
def test_install_easy_multiple_packages(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog):
install_packages(
capsys,
pipx_temp_env,
caplog,
["pycowsay", PKG["black"]["spec"]],
["pycowsay", "black"],
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"package_name, package_spec",
[("pycowsay", "pycowsay"), ("black", PKG["black"]["spec"])],
)
@skip_if_windows
def test_install_easy_packages_globally(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog, package_name, package_spec):
install_packages(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog, [package_spec], [package_name])
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"package_name, package_spec",
[
# ("cloudtoken", PKG["cloudtoken"]["spec"]),
("awscli", PKG["awscli"]["spec"]),
("ansible", PKG["ansible"]["spec"]),
("shell-functools", PKG["shell-functools"]["spec"]),
],
)
def test_install_tricky_packages(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog, package_name, package_spec):
if os.getenv("FAST"):
pytest.skip("skipping slow tests")
if sys.platform.startswith("win") and package_name == "ansible":
pytest.skip("Ansible is not installable on Windows")
install_packages(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog, [package_spec], [package_name])
def test_install_multiple_packages_when_some_already_installed(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog):
run_pipx_cli(["install", "black", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "installed package black" in captured.out
assert "installed package pycowsay" in captured.out
run_pipx_cli(["install", "black", "pycowsay", "isort"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "'black' already seems to be installed" in captured.out
assert "'pycowsay' already seems to be installed" in captured.out
assert "installed package isort" in captured.out
def test_install_tricky_multiple_packages(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog):
if os.getenv("FAST"):
pytest.skip("skipping slow tests")
packages = ["awscli", "shell-functools"] # cloudtoken is temporarily removed
package_specs = [PKG[package]["spec"] for package in packages]
install_packages(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog, package_specs, packages)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"package_name, package_spec",
[
("pycowsay", "git+https://github.com/cs01/pycowsay.git@master"),
("pylint", PKG["pylint"]["spec"]),
("nox", "https://github.com/wntrblm/nox/archive/2022.1.7.zip"),
],
)
def test_install_package_specs(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog, package_name, package_spec):
install_packages(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog, [package_spec], [package_name])
def test_force_install(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
# print(captured.out)
assert "installed package" in captured.out
run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "installed package" not in captured.out
assert "'pycowsay' already seems to be installed" in captured.out
run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay", "--force"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Installing to existing venv" in captured.out
def test_install_no_packages_found(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["pygdbmi"]["spec"]])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "No apps associated with package pygdbmi" in captured.err
def test_install_same_package_twice_no_force(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "'pycowsay' already seems to be installed. Not modifying existing installation" in captured.out
def test_include_deps(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["jupyter"]["spec"]]) == 1
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["jupyter"]["spec"], "--include-deps"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"package_name, package_spec",
[
("zest-releaser", PKG["zest-releaser"]["spec"]),
("tox-ini-fmt", PKG["tox-ini-fmt"]["spec"]),
],
)
def test_name_tricky_characters(caplog, capsys, pipx_temp_env, package_name, package_spec):
if sys.platform == "darwin" and package_name == "zest-releaser":
pytest.skip("Skipping zest-releaser due to missing Python 3.13 wheel for cmarkgfm on macOS")
install_packages(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog, [package_spec], [package_name])
def test_extra(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "nox[tox_to_nox]==2023.4.22", "--include-deps"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert f"- {app_name('tox')}\n" in captured.out
def test_install_local_extra(pipx_temp_env, capsys, monkeypatch, root):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", str(root / f"{TEST_DATA_PATH}/local_extras[cow]"), "--include-deps"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert f"- {app_name('pycowsay')}\n" in captured.out
assert f"- {Path('man6/pycowsay.6')}\n" in captured.out
def test_path_warning(pipx_temp_env, capsys, monkeypatch, caplog):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert "is not on your PATH environment variable" not in unwrap_log_text(caplog.text)
monkeypatch.setenv("PATH", "")
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay", "--force"])
assert "is not on your PATH environment variable" in unwrap_log_text(caplog.text)
@skip_if_windows
def test_existing_symlink_points_to_existing_wrong_location_warning(pipx_temp_env, caplog, capsys):
paths.ctx.bin_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
(paths.ctx.bin_dir / "pycowsay").symlink_to(os.devnull)
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "File exists at" in unwrap_log_text(caplog.text)
assert "symlink missing or pointing to unexpected location" in captured.out
# bin dir was on path, so the warning should NOT appear (even though the symlink
# pointed to the wrong location)
assert "is not on your PATH environment variable" not in captured.err
@skip_if_windows
def test_existing_man_page_symlink_points_to_existing_wrong_location_warning(pipx_temp_env, caplog, capsys):
(paths.ctx.man_dir / "man6").mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
(paths.ctx.man_dir / "man6" / "pycowsay.6").symlink_to(os.devnull)
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "File exists at" in unwrap_log_text(caplog.text)
assert "symlink missing or pointing to unexpected location" in captured.out
@skip_if_windows
def test_existing_symlink_points_to_nothing(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
paths.ctx.bin_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
(paths.ctx.bin_dir / "pycowsay").symlink_to("/asdf/jkl")
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
# pipx should realize the symlink points to nothing and replace it,
# so no warning should be present
assert "symlink missing or pointing to unexpected location" not in captured.out
@skip_if_windows
def test_existing_man_page_symlink_points_to_nothing(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
(paths.ctx.man_dir / "man6").mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
(paths.ctx.man_dir / "man6" / "pycowsay.6").symlink_to("/asdf/jkl")
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
# pipx should realize the symlink points to nothing and replace it,
# so no warning should be present
assert "symlink missing or pointing to unexpected location" not in captured.out
def test_pip_args_forwarded_to_shared_libs(pipx_ultra_temp_env, capsys, caplog):
# strategy:
# 1. start from an empty env to ensure the next command would trigger a shared lib update
assert shared_libs.shared_libs.needs_upgrade
# 2. install any package with --no-index
# and check that the shared library update phase fails
return_code = run_pipx_cli(["install", "--verbose", "--pip-args=--no-index", "pycowsay"])
assert "Upgrading shared libraries in" in caplog.text
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert return_code != 0
assert "ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pip" in captured.err
assert "Failed to upgrade shared libraries" in caplog.text
def test_pip_args_forwarded_to_package_name_determination(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert run_pipx_cli(
[
"install",
# use a valid spec and invalid pip args
"https://github.com/psf/black/archive/22.8.0.zip",
"--verbose",
"--pip-args='--asdf'",
]
)
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Cannot determine package name from spec" in captured.err
def test_pip_args_with_windows_path(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
if not sys.platform.startswith("win"):
pytest.skip("Test pip arguments with Windows path on Windows only.")
assert run_pipx_cli(
[
"install",
"pycowsay",
"--verbose",
"--pip-args='--no-index --find-links=D:\\TEST\\DIR'",
]
)
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert r"D:\\TEST\\DIR" in captured.err
@pytest.mark.parametrize("constraint_flag", ["-c ", "--constraint ", "--constraint="])
def test_pip_args_with_constraint_relative_path(constraint_flag, pipx_temp_env, tmp_path, caplog):
constraint_file_name = "constraints.txt"
package_name = "ipython"
package_version = "8.23.0"
os.chdir(tmp_path)
constraints_file = tmp_path / constraint_file_name
constraints_file.write_text(f"{package_name}!={package_version}")
constraints_file.touch()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", f"--pip-args='{constraint_flag}{constraint_file_name}'", package_name])
assert f"{constraint_flag}{constraints_file}" in caplog.text
subprocess_package_version = subprocess.run([package_name, "--version"], capture_output=True, text=True, check=False)
subprocess_package_version_output = subprocess_package_version.stdout.strip()
assert subprocess_package_version_output != package_version
@pytest.mark.parametrize("constraint_flag", ["-c ", "--constraint ", "--constraint="])
def test_pip_args_with_wrong_constraint_fail(constraint_flag, pipx_ultra_temp_env, tmp_path, capsys):
constraint_file_name = "constraints.txt"
os.chdir(tmp_path)
assert run_pipx_cli(["install", f"--pip-args='{constraint_flag}{constraint_file_name}'", "pycowsay"])
assert (
f"ERROR: Could not open requirements file: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '{constraint_file_name}'"
in capsys.readouterr().err
)
def test_install_suffix(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
name = "pbr"
suffix = "_a"
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG[name]["spec"], f"--suffix={suffix}"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
name_a = app_name(f"{name}{suffix}")
assert f"- {name_a}" in captured.out
suffix = "_b"
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG[name]["spec"], f"--suffix={suffix}"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
name_b = app_name(f"{name}{suffix}")
assert f"- {name_b}" in captured.out
assert (paths.ctx.bin_dir / name_a).exists()
assert (paths.ctx.bin_dir / name_b).exists()
def test_man_page_install(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert f"- {Path('man6/pycowsay.6')}" in captured.out
assert (paths.ctx.man_dir / "man6" / "pycowsay.6").exists()
def test_install_pip_failure(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert run_pipx_cli(["install", "weblate==4.3.1", "--verbose"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Fatal error from pip" in captured.err
pip_log_file_match = re.search(r"Full pip output in file:\s+(\S.+)$", captured.err, re.MULTILINE)
assert pip_log_file_match
assert Path(pip_log_file_match[1]).exists()
assert re.search(r"pip (failed|seemed to fail) to build package", captured.err)
def test_install_local_archive(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys, root):
monkeypatch.chdir(root / TEST_DATA_PATH / "local_extras")
subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "wheel", "."], check=True)
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "repeatme-0.1-py3-none-any.whl"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert f"- {app_name('repeatme')}\n" in captured.out
def test_force_install_changes(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "https://github.com/wntrblm/nox/archive/2022.1.7.zip"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "2022.1.7" in captured.out
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "nox", "--force"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "2022.1.7" not in captured.out
def test_force_install_changes_editable(pipx_temp_env, root, capsys):
empty_project_path_as_string = (root / "testdata" / "empty_project").as_posix()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "--editable", empty_project_path_as_string])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "empty-project" in captured.out
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "--editable", empty_project_path_as_string, "--force"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Installing to existing venv 'empty-project'" in captured.out
def test_preinstall(pipx_temp_env, caplog):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "--preinstall", "black", "nox"])
assert "black" in caplog.text
def test_preinstall_multiple(pipx_temp_env, caplog):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "--preinstall", "chardet", "--preinstall", "colorama", "nox"])
assert "chardet" in caplog.text
assert "colorama" in caplog.text
def test_preinstall_specific_version(pipx_temp_env, caplog):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "--preinstall", "black==22.8.0", "nox"])
assert "black==22.8.0" in caplog.text
@pytest.mark.xfail
def test_do_not_wait_for_input(pipx_temp_env, pipx_session_shared_dir, monkeypatch):
monkeypatch.setenv("PIP_INDEX_URL", "http://127.0.0.1:8080/simple")
run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
def test_passed_python_and_force_flag_warning(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "black"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "--python", sys.executable, "--force", "black"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "--python is ignored when --force is passed." in captured.out
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "black", "--force"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "--python is ignored when --force is passed." not in captured.out, (
"Should only print warning if both flags present"
)
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay", "--force"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "--python is ignored when --force is passed." not in captured.out, (
"Should not print warning if package does not exist yet"
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"python_version",
["3.0", "3.1"],
)
def test_install_fetch_missing_python_invalid(capsys, python_version):
assert run_pipx_cli(["install", "--python", python_version, "--fetch-missing-python", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert f"No executable for the provided Python version '{python_version}' found" in captured.out
def test_install_run_in_separate_directory(caplog, capsys, pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)
f = Path("argparse.py")
f.touch()
install_packages(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog, ["pycowsay"], ["pycowsay"])
@skip_if_windows
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"python_version",
[
str(sys.version_info.major),
f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}",
f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}.{sys.version_info.micro}",
],
)
def test_install_python_command_version(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys, python_version):
monkeypatch.setenv("PATH", os.getenv("PATH_ORIG"))
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "--python", python_version, "--verbose", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert python_version in captured.out
@skip_if_windows
def test_install_python_command_version_invalid(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
python_version = "3.x"
assert run_pipx_cli(["install", "--python", python_version, "--verbose", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert f"Invalid Python version: {python_version}" in captured.err
@skip_if_windows
def test_install_python_command_version_unsupported(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
python_version = f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}.{sys.version_info.micro}.dev"
assert run_pipx_cli(["install", "--python", python_version, "--verbose", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert f"Unsupported Python version: {python_version}" in captured.err
@skip_if_windows
def test_install_python_command_version_missing(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys):
monkeypatch.setenv("PATH", os.getenv("PATH_ORIG"))
python_version = f"{sys.version_info.major + 99}.{sys.version_info.minor}"
assert run_pipx_cli(["install", "--python", python_version, "--verbose", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert f"Command `python{python_version}` was not found" in captured.err
@skip_if_windows
def test_install_python_command_version_micro_mismatch(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys):
monkeypatch.setenv("PATH", os.getenv("PATH_ORIG"))
python_version = f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}.{sys.version_info.micro + 1}"
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "--python", python_version, "--verbose", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert f"It may not match the specified version {python_version} at the micro/patch level" in captured.err
@skip_if_windows
def test_global_flag_before_subcommand_rejected(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
run_pipx_cli(["--global", "install", "pycowsay"])
assert exc_info.value.code == 2, "argparse error should exit with code 2"
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "unrecognized arguments: --global" in captured.err
def test_install_quiet_flag(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "--quiet", "--quiet", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "installed package" not in captured.out
assert "These apps are now" not in captured.out
assert "done!" not in captured.out
assert "done!" not in captured.err
================================================
FILE: tests/test_install_all.py
================================================
from pathlib import Path
from helpers import run_pipx_cli
from pipx import paths
def test_install_all(pipx_temp_env, tmp_path, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "black"])
_ = capsys.readouterr()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["list", "--json"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
pipx_list_path = Path(tmp_path) / "pipx_list.json"
with open(pipx_list_path, "w") as pipx_list_fh:
pipx_list_fh.write(captured.out)
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install-all", str(pipx_list_path)])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "black" in captured.out
assert "pycowsay" in captured.out
def test_install_all_multiple_errors(pipx_temp_env, root, capsys):
pipx_metadata_path = root / "testdata" / "pipx_metadata_multiple_errors.json"
assert run_pipx_cli(["install-all", str(pipx_metadata_path)])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "The following package(s) failed to install: dotenv, weblate" in captured.err
assert f"No packages installed after running 'pipx install-all {pipx_metadata_path}'" in captured.out
if paths.ctx.log_file:
with open(paths.ctx.log_file.parent / (paths.ctx.log_file.stem + "_pip_errors.log")) as log_fh:
log_contents = log_fh.read()
assert "dotenv" in log_contents
assert "weblate" in log_contents
================================================
FILE: tests/test_install_all_packages.py
================================================
"""
This module uses the pytest infrastructure to produce reports on a large list
of packages. It verifies installation with and without an intact system PATH.
It also generates report summaries and error reports files.
Test pytest outcomes:
PASS - if no pip errors, and no pipx issues, and package apps verified
all installed correctly
XFAIL - if there is a pip error, i.e. an installation problem out of pipx's
control
FAIL - if there is no pip error, but there is a problem due to pipx,
including a pipx error or warning, incorrect list of
installed apps, etc.
"""
import io
import os
import re
import subprocess
import sys
import textwrap
import time
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from helpers import run_pipx_cli
from package_info import PKG
REPORTS_DIR = "./reports"
REPORT_FILENAME_ROOT = "all_packages"
PACKAGE_NAME_LIST = [
"ansible",
"awscli",
"b2",
"beancount",
"beets",
"black",
"cactus",
"chert",
# "cloudtoken",
"coala",
"cookiecutter",
"cython",
"datasette",
"diffoscope",
"doc2dash",
"doitlive",
"gdbgui",
"gns3-gui",
"grow",
"guake",
"gunicorn",
"howdoi",
"httpie",
"hyde",
"ipython",
"isort",
"zest-releaser",
"kaggle",
"kibitzr",
"klaus",
"kolibri",
"lektor",
"localstack",
"mackup",
"magic-wormhole",
"mayan-edms",
"mkdocs",
"mycli",
"nikola",
"nox",
"pelican",
"platformio",
"ppci",
"prosopopee",
"ptpython",
"pycowsay",
"pylint",
"retext",
"robotframework",
"shell-functools",
"speedtest-cli",
"sphinx",
"sqlmap",
"streamlink",
"taguette",
"term2048",
"tox-ini-fmt",
"visidata",
"vulture",
"weblate",
"youtube-dl",
"zeo",
]
class PackageData:
def __init__(self):
self.package_name: str = ""
self.package_spec: str = ""
self.clear_elapsed_time: Optional[float] = None
self.clear_pip_pass: Optional[bool] = None
self.clear_pipx_pass: Optional[bool] = None
self.sys_elapsed_time: Optional[float] = None
self.sys_pip_pass: Optional[bool] = None
self.sys_pipx_pass: Optional[bool] = None
self.overall_pass: Optional[bool] = None
@property
def clear_pip_pf_str(self) -> str:
return self._get_pass_fail_str("clear_pip_pass")
@property
def clear_pipx_pf_str(self) -> str:
return self._get_pass_fail_str("clear_pipx_pass")
@property
def sys_pip_pf_str(self) -> str:
return self._get_pass_fail_str("sys_pip_pass")
@property
def sys_pipx_pf_str(self) -> str:
return self._get_pass_fail_str("sys_pipx_pass")
@property
def overall_pf_str(self) -> str:
return self._get_pass_fail_str("overall_pass")
def _get_pass_fail_str(self, test_attr: str) -> str:
if getattr(self, test_attr) is not None:
return "PASS" if getattr(self, test_attr) else "FAIL"
else:
return ""
class ModuleGlobalsData:
def __init__(self):
self.errors_path = Path(".")
self.install_data: list[PackageData] = []
pyver = sys.version_info
self.py_version_display = f"Python {pyver.major}.{pyver.minor}.{pyver.micro}"
self.py_version_short = f"{pyver.major}.{pyver.minor}"
self.report_path = Path(".")
self.sys_platform = sys.platform
self.test_class = ""
self.test_start = datetime.now()
self.test_end = datetime.now() # default, must be set later
def reset(self, test_class: str = "") -> None:
self.errors_path = Path(".")
self.install_data = []
self.report_path = Path(".")
self.test_class = test_class
self.test_start = datetime.now()
@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def module_globals() -> ModuleGlobalsData:
return ModuleGlobalsData()
def pip_cache_purge() -> None:
subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "cache", "purge"], check=True)
def write_report_legend(report_legend_path: Path) -> None:
with report_legend_path.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as report_legend_fh:
print(
textwrap.dedent(
"""
LEGEND
===========
cleared_PATH = PATH used for pipx tests with only pipx bin dir and nothing else
sys_PATH = Normal system PATH with all default directories included
overall = PASS or FAIL for complete end-to-end pipx install, PASS if no errors
or warnings and all the proper apps were installed and linked
pip = PASS or FAIL sub-category based only if pip inside of pipx installs
package with/without error
pipx = PASS or FAIL sub-category based on the non-pip parts of pipx, including
whether any errors or warnings are present, and if all the proper apps
were installed and linked
"""
).strip(),
file=report_legend_fh,
)
def format_report_table_header(module_globals: ModuleGlobalsData) -> str:
header_string = "\n\n"
header_string += "=" * 79 + "\n"
header_string += f"{module_globals.sys_platform:16}"
header_string += f"{module_globals.py_version_display:16}"
header_string += f"{module_globals.test_start.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}\n\n"
header_string += f"{'package_spec':24}{'overall':12}{'cleared_PATH':24}"
header_string += f"{'system_PATH':24}\n"
header_string += f"{'':24}{'':12}{'pip':8}{'pipx':8}{'time':8}"
header_string += f"{'pip':8}{'pipx':8}{'time':8}\n"
header_string += "-" * 79
return header_string
def format_report_table_row(package_data: PackageData) -> str:
clear_install_time = f"{package_data.clear_elapsed_time:>3.0f}s"
if package_data.sys_elapsed_time is not None:
sys_install_time = f"{package_data.sys_elapsed_time:>3.0f}s"
else:
sys_install_time = ""
return (
f"{package_data.package_spec:24}{package_data.overall_pf_str:12}"
f"{package_data.clear_pip_pf_str:8}{package_data.clear_pipx_pf_str:8}"
f"{clear_install_time:8}"
f"{package_data.sys_pip_pf_str:8}{package_data.sys_pipx_pf_str:8}"
f"{sys_install_time:8}"
)
def format_report_table_footer(module_globals: ModuleGlobalsData) -> str:
fail_list = []
prebuild_list = []
footer_string = "\nSummary\n"
footer_string += "-" * 79 + "\n"
for package_data in module_globals.install_data:
clear_pip_pass = package_data.clear_pip_pass
clear_pipx_pass = package_data.clear_pipx_pass
sys_pip_pass = package_data.sys_pip_pass
sys_pipx_pass = package_data.sys_pipx_pass
if clear_pip_pass and clear_pipx_pass:
continue
elif not clear_pip_pass and sys_pip_pass and sys_pipx_pass:
prebuild_list.append(package_data.package_spec)
else:
fail_list.append(package_data.package_spec)
if fail_list:
footer_string += "FAILS:\n"
for failed_package_spec in sorted(fail_list, key=str.lower):
footer_string += f" {failed_package_spec}\n"
if prebuild_list:
footer_string += "Needs prebuilt wheel:\n"
for prebuild_package_spec in sorted(prebuild_list, key=str.lower):
footer_string += f" {prebuild_package_spec}\n"
dt_string = module_globals.test_end.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
el_datetime = module_globals.test_end - module_globals.test_start
el_datetime = el_datetime - timedelta(microseconds=el_datetime.microseconds)
footer_string += f"\nFinished {dt_string}\n"
footer_string += f"Elapsed: {el_datetime}"
return footer_string
def verify_installed_resources(
resource_type: str,
captured_outerr,
package_name: str,
test_error_fh: io.StringIO,
deps: bool = False,
) -> bool:
resource_name = {"app": "apps", "man": "man_pages"}[resource_type]
resource_name_long = {"app": "apps", "man": "manual pages"}[resource_type]
package_resources = PKG[package_name][resource_name].copy()
if deps:
package_resources += PKG[package_name][f"{resource_name}_of_dependencies"]
if len(package_resources) == 0:
return True
reported_resources_re = re.search(
r"These " + resource_name_long + r" are now available\n((?: - [^\n]+\n)*)",
captured_outerr.out,
re.DOTALL,
)
if reported_resources_re:
reported_resources = [x.strip()[2:] for x in reported_resources_re.group(1).strip().split("\n")]
if set(reported_resources) != set(package_resources):
resource_success = False
print("verify_install: REPORTED APPS DO NOT MATCH PACKAGE", file=test_error_fh)
print(
f"pipx reported %s: {reported_resources}" % resource_name,
file=test_error_fh,
)
print(
f" true package %s: {package_resources}" % resource_name,
file=test_error_fh,
)
else:
resource_success = True
else:
resource_success = False
print("verify_install: APPS TESTING ERROR", file=test_error_fh)
return resource_success
def verify_post_install(
pipx_exit_code: int,
captured_outerr,
caplog,
package_name: str,
test_error_fh: io.StringIO,
using_clear_path: bool,
deps: bool = False,
) -> tuple[bool, Optional[bool], Optional[Path]]:
pip_error_file = None
caplog_problem = False
install_success = f"installed package {package_name}" in captured_outerr.out
for record in caplog.records:
if "⚠️" in record.message or "WARNING" in record.message:
if using_clear_path or "was already on your PATH" not in record.message:
caplog_problem = True
print("verify_install: WARNING IN CAPLOG:", file=test_error_fh)
print(record.message, file=test_error_fh)
if "Fatal error from pip prevented installation" in record.message:
pip_error_file_re = re.search(r"pip output in file:\s+(\S.+)$", record.message)
if pip_error_file_re:
pip_error_file = Path(pip_error_file_re.group(1))
if install_success and PKG[package_name].get("apps", None) is not None:
app_success = verify_installed_resources("app", captured_outerr, package_name, test_error_fh, deps=deps)
else:
app_success = True
if install_success and (
PKG[package_name].get("man_pages", None) is not None
or PKG[package_name].get("man_pages_of_dependencies", None) is not None
):
man_success = verify_installed_resources("man", captured_outerr, package_name, test_error_fh, deps=deps)
else:
man_success = True
pip_pass = not ((pipx_exit_code != 0) and f"Error installing {package_name}" in captured_outerr.err)
pipx_pass: Optional[bool]
if pip_pass:
pipx_pass = install_success and not caplog_problem and app_success and man_success
else:
pipx_pass = None
return pip_pass, pipx_pass, pip_error_file
def print_error_report(
module_globals: ModuleGlobalsData,
command_captured,
test_error_fh: io.StringIO,
package_spec: str,
test_type: str,
pip_error_file: Optional[Path],
) -> None:
with module_globals.errors_path.open("a", encoding="utf-8") as errors_fh:
print("\n\n", file=errors_fh)
print("=" * 79, file=errors_fh)
print(
f"{package_spec:24}{test_type:16}{module_globals.sys_platform:16}{module_globals.py_version_display}",
file=errors_fh,
)
print("\nSTDOUT:", file=errors_fh)
print("-" * 76, file=errors_fh)
print(command_captured.out, end="", file=errors_fh)
print("\nSTDERR:", file=errors_fh)
print("-" * 76, file=errors_fh)
print(command_captured.err, end="", file=errors_fh)
if pip_error_file is not None:
print("\nPIP ERROR LOG FILE:", file=errors_fh)
print("-" * 76, file=errors_fh)
with pip_error_file.open("r") as pip_error_fh:
print(pip_error_fh.read(), end="", file=errors_fh)
print("\n\nTEST WARNINGS / ERRORS:", file=errors_fh)
print("-" * 76, file=errors_fh)
print(test_error_fh.getvalue(), end="", file=errors_fh)
def install_and_verify(
capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture,
caplog,
monkeypatch,
module_globals: ModuleGlobalsData,
using_clear_path: bool,
package_data: PackageData,
deps: bool,
) -> tuple[bool, Optional[bool], float]:
_ = capsys.readouterr()
caplog.clear()
test_error_fh = io.StringIO()
monkeypatch.setenv("PATH", os.getenv("PATH_TEST" if using_clear_path else "PATH_ORIG"))
start_time = time.time()
pipx_exit_code = run_pipx_cli(
["install", package_data.package_spec, "--verbose"] + (["--include-deps"] if deps else [])
)
elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time
captured = capsys.readouterr()
pip_pass, pipx_pass, pip_error_file = verify_post_install(
pipx_exit_code,
captured,
caplog,
package_data.package_name,
test_error_fh,
using_clear_path=using_clear_path,
deps=deps,
)
if not pip_pass or not pipx_pass:
print_error_report(
module_globals,
captured,
test_error_fh,
package_data.package_spec,
"clear PATH" if using_clear_path else "sys PATH",
pip_error_file,
)
return pip_pass, pipx_pass, elapsed_time
def install_package_both_paths(
monkeypatch,
capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture,
caplog,
module_globals: ModuleGlobalsData,
pipx_temp_env,
package_name: str,
deps: bool = False,
) -> bool:
package_data = PackageData()
module_globals.install_data.append(package_data)
package_data.package_name = package_name
package_data.package_spec = PKG[package_name]["spec"]
(
package_data.clear_pip_pass,
package_data.clear_pipx_pass,
package_data.clear_elapsed_time,
) = install_and_verify(
capsys,
caplog,
monkeypatch,
module_globals,
using_clear_path=True,
package_data=package_data,
deps=deps,
)
if not package_data.clear_pip_pass:
# if we fail to install due to pip install error, try again with
# full system path
(
package_data.sys_pip_pass,
package_data.sys_pipx_pass,
package_data.sys_elapsed_time,
) = install_and_verify(
capsys,
caplog,
monkeypatch,
module_globals,
using_clear_path=False,
package_data=package_data,
deps=deps,
)
package_data.overall_pass = bool(
(package_data.clear_pip_pass and package_data.clear_pipx_pass)
or (package_data.sys_pip_pass and package_data.sys_pipx_pass)
)
with module_globals.report_path.open("a", encoding="utf-8") as report_fh:
print(format_report_table_row(package_data), file=report_fh, flush=True)
if not package_data.clear_pip_pass and not package_data.sys_pip_pass:
# Use xfail to specify error that is from a pip installation problem
pytest.xfail("pip installation error")
return package_data.overall_pass
# use class scope to start and finish at end of all parametrized tests
@pytest.fixture(scope="class")
def start_end_test_class(module_globals: ModuleGlobalsData, request):
reports_path = Path(REPORTS_DIR)
reports_path.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
module_globals.reset()
module_globals.test_class = getattr(request.cls, "test_class", "unknown")
report_filename = (
f"{REPORT_FILENAME_ROOT}_"
f"{module_globals.test_class}_"
f"report_"
f"{module_globals.sys_platform}_"
f"{module_globals.py_version_short}_"
f"{module_globals.test_start.strftime('%Y%m%d')}.txt"
)
errors_filename = (
f"{REPORT_FILENAME_ROOT}_"
f"{module_globals.test_class}_"
f"errors_"
f"{module_globals.sys_platform}_"
f"{module_globals.py_version_short}_"
f"{module_globals.test_start.strftime('%Y%m%d')}.txt"
)
module_globals.report_path = reports_path / report_filename
module_globals.errors_path = reports_path / errors_filename
write_report_legend(reports_path / f"{REPORT_FILENAME_ROOT}_report_legend.txt")
with module_globals.report_path.open("a", encoding="utf-8") as report_fh:
print(format_report_table_header(module_globals), file=report_fh)
yield
module_globals.test_end = datetime.now()
with module_globals.report_path.open("a", encoding="utf-8") as report_fh:
print(format_report_table_footer(module_globals), file=report_fh)
class TestAllPackagesNoDeps:
test_class = "nodeps"
@pytest.mark.parametrize("package_name", PACKAGE_NAME_LIST)
@pytest.mark.all_packages
def test_all_packages(
self,
monkeypatch,
capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture,
caplog,
module_globals: ModuleGlobalsData,
start_end_test_class,
pipx_temp_env,
package_name: str,
):
pip_cache_purge()
assert install_package_both_paths(
monkeypatch,
capsys,
caplog,
module_globals,
pipx_temp_env,
package_name,
deps=False,
)
class TestAllPackagesDeps:
test_class = "deps"
@pytest.mark.parametrize("package_name", PACKAGE_NAME_LIST)
@pytest.mark.all_packages
def test_deps_all_packages(
self,
monkeypatch,
capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture,
caplog,
module_globals: ModuleGlobalsData,
start_end_test_class,
pipx_temp_env,
package_name: str,
):
pip_cache_purge()
assert install_package_both_paths(
monkeypatch,
capsys,
caplog,
module_globals,
pipx_temp_env,
package_name,
deps=True,
)
================================================
FILE: tests/test_interpreter.py
================================================
import shutil
import subprocess
import sys
from unittest.mock import Mock
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
import pipx.interpreter
import pipx.paths
import pipx.standalone_python
from pipx.constants import WINDOWS
from pipx.interpreter import (
InterpreterResolutionError,
_find_default_windows_python,
_get_absolute_python_interpreter,
find_python_interpreter,
)
from pipx.util import PipxError
original_which = shutil.which
@pytest.mark.skipif(not sys.platform.startswith("win"), reason="Looks for Python.exe")
@pytest.mark.parametrize("venv", [True, False])
def test_windows_python_with_version(monkeypatch, venv):
def which(name):
if name == "py":
return "py"
return original_which(name)
major = sys.version_info.major
minor = sys.version_info.minor
monkeypatch.setattr(pipx.interpreter, "has_venv", lambda: venv)
monkeypatch.setattr(shutil, "which", which)
python_path = find_python_interpreter(f"{major}.{minor}")
assert python_path is not None
assert f"{major}.{minor}" in python_path or f"{major}{minor}" in python_path
assert python_path.endswith("python.exe")
@pytest.mark.skipif(not sys.platform.startswith("win"), reason="Looks for Python.exe")
@pytest.mark.parametrize("venv", [True, False])
def test_windows_python_with_python_and_version(monkeypatch, venv):
def which(name):
if name == "py":
return "py"
return original_which(name)
major = sys.version_info.major
minor = sys.version_info.minor
monkeypatch.setattr(pipx.interpreter, "has_venv", lambda: venv)
monkeypatch.setattr(shutil, "which", which)
python_path = find_python_interpreter(f"python{major}.{minor}")
assert python_path is not None
assert f"{major}.{minor}" in python_path or f"{major}{minor}" in python_path
assert python_path.endswith("python.exe")
@pytest.mark.skipif(not sys.platform.startswith("win"), reason="Looks for Python.exe")
@pytest.mark.parametrize("venv", [True, False])
def test_windows_python_with_python_and_unavailable_version(monkeypatch, venv):
def which(name):
if name == "py":
return "py"
return original_which(name)
major = sys.version_info.major + 99
minor = sys.version_info.minor
monkeypatch.setattr(pipx.interpreter, "has_venv", lambda: venv)
monkeypatch.setattr(shutil, "which", which)
with pytest.raises(InterpreterResolutionError) as e:
find_python_interpreter(f"python{major}.{minor}")
assert "py --list" in str(e)
def test_windows_python_no_version_with_venv(monkeypatch):
monkeypatch.setattr(pipx.interpreter, "has_venv", lambda: True)
assert _find_default_windows_python() == sys.executable
def test_windows_python_no_version_no_venv_with_py(monkeypatch):
def which(name):
return "py"
monkeypatch.setattr(pipx.interpreter, "has_venv", lambda: False)
monkeypatch.setattr(shutil, "which", which)
assert _find_default_windows_python() == "py"
def test_windows_python_no_version_no_venv_python_present(monkeypatch):
def which(name):
if name == "python":
return "python"
# Note: returns False for "py"
monkeypatch.setattr(pipx.interpreter, "has_venv", lambda: False)
monkeypatch.setattr(shutil, "which", which)
assert _find_default_windows_python() == "python"
def test_windows_python_no_version_no_venv_no_python(monkeypatch):
def which(name):
return None
monkeypatch.setattr(pipx.interpreter, "has_venv", lambda: False)
monkeypatch.setattr(shutil, "which", which)
with pytest.raises(PipxError):
_find_default_windows_python()
# Test the checks for the store Python.
def test_windows_python_no_venv_store_python(monkeypatch):
def which(name):
if name == "python":
return "WindowsApps"
class dummy_runner:
def __init__(self, rc, out):
self.rc = rc
self.out = out
def __call__(self, *args, **kw):
ret = Mock()
ret.returncode = self.rc
ret.stdout = self.out
return ret
monkeypatch.setattr(pipx.interpreter, "has_venv", lambda: False)
monkeypatch.setattr(shutil, "which", which)
# Store version stub gives return code 9009
monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", dummy_runner(9009, ""))
with pytest.raises(PipxError):
_find_default_windows_python()
# Even if it doesn't, it returns no output
monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", dummy_runner(0, ""))
with pytest.raises(PipxError):
_find_default_windows_python()
# If it *does* pass the tests, we use it as it's not the stub
monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", dummy_runner(0, "3.8"))
assert _find_default_windows_python() == "WindowsApps"
def test_bad_env_python(monkeypatch):
with pytest.raises(PipxError):
_get_absolute_python_interpreter("bad_python")
def test_good_env_python(monkeypatch, capsys):
good_exec = _get_absolute_python_interpreter(sys.executable)
assert good_exec == sys.executable
def test_find_python_interpreter_by_path(monkeypatch):
interpreter_path = sys.executable
assert interpreter_path == find_python_interpreter(interpreter_path)
def test_find_python_interpreter_by_version(monkeypatch):
major = sys.version_info.major
minor = sys.version_info.minor
python_path = find_python_interpreter(f"python{major}.{minor}")
assert python_path == f"python{major}.{minor}" or f"Python\\{major}.{minor}" in python_path
def test_find_python_interpreter_by_wrong_path_raises(monkeypatch):
interpreter_path = sys.executable + "99"
with pytest.raises(InterpreterResolutionError) as e:
find_python_interpreter(interpreter_path)
assert "like a path" in str(e)
def test_find_python_interpreter_missing_on_path_raises(monkeypatch):
interpreter = "1.1"
with pytest.raises(InterpreterResolutionError) as e:
find_python_interpreter(interpreter)
assert "Python Launcher" in str(e)
assert "on your PATH" in str(e)
def test_fetch_missing_python(monkeypatch, mocked_github_api):
def which(name):
return None
monkeypatch.setattr(shutil, "which", which)
major = sys.version_info.major
minor = sys.version_info.minor
target_python = f"{major}.{minor}"
python_path = find_python_interpreter(target_python, fetch_missing_python=True)
assert python_path is not None
assert target_python in python_path
assert str(pipx.paths.ctx.standalone_python_cachedir) in python_path
if WINDOWS:
assert python_path.endswith("python.exe")
else:
assert python_path.endswith("python3")
subprocess.run([python_path, "-c", "import sys; print(sys.executable)"], check=True)
================================================
FILE: tests/test_list.py
================================================
import json
import os
import re
import shutil
import sys
import time
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from helpers import (
PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS,
app_name,
assert_package_metadata,
create_package_info_ref,
mock_legacy_venv,
remove_venv_interpreter,
run_pipx_cli,
skip_if_windows,
)
from package_info import PKG
from pipx import constants, paths, shared_libs
from pipx.pipx_metadata_file import PackageInfo, _json_decoder_object_hook
def test_cli(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["list"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "nothing has been installed with pipx" in captured.err
@skip_if_windows
def test_cli_global(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "installed package" in captured.out
assert not run_pipx_cli(["list", "--global"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "nothing has been installed with pipx" in captured.err
def test_missing_interpreter(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["list"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "package pycowsay has invalid interpreter" not in captured.err
remove_venv_interpreter("pycowsay")
assert run_pipx_cli(["list"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "package pycowsay has invalid interpreter" in captured.err
def test_list_suffix(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys):
suffix = "_x"
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay", f"--suffix={suffix}"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["list"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert f"package pycowsay 0.0.0.2 (pycowsay{suffix})," in captured.out
@pytest.mark.parametrize("metadata_version", PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS)
def test_list_legacy_venv(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys, metadata_version):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
mock_legacy_venv("pycowsay", metadata_version=metadata_version)
if metadata_version is None:
assert run_pipx_cli(["list"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "package pycowsay has missing internal pipx metadata" in captured.err
else:
assert not run_pipx_cli(["list"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "package pycowsay 0.0.0.2," in captured.out
@pytest.mark.parametrize("metadata_version", ["0.1"])
def test_list_suffix_legacy_venv(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys, metadata_version):
suffix = "_x"
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay", f"--suffix={suffix}"])
mock_legacy_venv(f"pycowsay{suffix}", metadata_version=metadata_version)
assert not run_pipx_cli(["list"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert f"package pycowsay 0.0.0.2 (pycowsay{suffix})," in captured.out
def test_list_json(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
pipx_venvs_dir = paths.ctx.home / "venvs"
venv_bin_dir = "Scripts" if constants.WINDOWS else "bin"
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["pycowsay"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["pylint"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["inject", "pylint", PKG["black"]["spec"]])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["list", "--json"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert not re.search(r"\S", captured.err)
json_parsed = json.loads(captured.out, object_hook=_json_decoder_object_hook)
# raises error if not valid json
assert sorted(json_parsed["venvs"].keys()) == ["pycowsay", "pylint"]
# pycowsay venv
pycowsay_package_ref = create_package_info_ref("pycowsay", "pycowsay", pipx_venvs_dir)
assert_package_metadata(
PackageInfo(**json_parsed["venvs"]["pycowsay"]["metadata"]["main_package"]),
pycowsay_package_ref,
)
assert json_parsed["venvs"]["pycowsay"]["metadata"]["injected_packages"] == {}
# pylint venv
pylint_package_ref = create_package_info_ref(
"pylint",
"pylint",
pipx_venvs_dir,
app_paths_of_dependencies={
"dill": [
pipx_venvs_dir / "pylint" / venv_bin_dir / "get_gprof",
pipx_venvs_dir / "pylint" / venv_bin_dir / "get_objgraph",
pipx_venvs_dir / "pylint" / venv_bin_dir / "undill",
],
"isort": [
pipx_venvs_dir / "pylint" / venv_bin_dir / app_name("isort"),
pipx_venvs_dir / "pylint" / venv_bin_dir / app_name("isort-identify-imports"),
],
},
)
assert_package_metadata(
PackageInfo(**json_parsed["venvs"]["pylint"]["metadata"]["main_package"]),
pylint_package_ref,
)
assert sorted(json_parsed["venvs"]["pylint"]["metadata"]["injected_packages"].keys()) == ["black"]
black_package_ref = create_package_info_ref("pylint", "black", pipx_venvs_dir, include_apps=False)
assert_package_metadata(
PackageInfo(**json_parsed["venvs"]["pylint"]["metadata"]["injected_packages"]["black"]),
black_package_ref,
)
def test_list_short(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["pycowsay"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["pylint"]["spec"]])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["list", "--short"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "pycowsay 0.0.0.2" in captured.out
assert "pylint 3.0.4" in captured.out
def test_list_standalone_interpreter(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, mocked_github_api, capsys):
def which(name):
return None
monkeypatch.setattr(shutil, "which", which)
major = sys.version_info.major
minor = sys.version_info.minor
target_python = f"{major}.{minor}"
assert not run_pipx_cli(
[
"install",
"--fetch-missing-python",
"--python",
target_python,
PKG["pycowsay"]["spec"],
]
)
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["list"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "standalone" in captured.out
def test_list_does_not_trigger_maintenance(pipx_temp_env, caplog):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["pycowsay"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["pylint"]["spec"]])
now = time.time()
shared_libs.shared_libs.create(verbose=True, pip_args=[])
shared_libs.shared_libs.has_been_updated_this_run = False
access_time = now # this can be anything
os.utime(
shared_libs.shared_libs.pip_path,
(access_time, -shared_libs.SHARED_LIBS_MAX_AGE_SEC - 5 * 60 + now),
)
assert shared_libs.shared_libs.needs_upgrade
run_pipx_cli(["list"])
assert not shared_libs.shared_libs.has_been_updated_this_run
assert shared_libs.shared_libs.needs_upgrade
# same test with --skip-maintenance, which is a no-op
# we expect the same result, along with a warning
os.utime(
shared_libs.shared_libs.pip_path,
(access_time, -shared_libs.SHARED_LIBS_MAX_AGE_SEC - 5 * 60 + now),
)
shared_libs.shared_libs.has_been_updated_this_run = False
assert shared_libs.shared_libs.needs_upgrade
run_pipx_cli(["list", "--skip-maintenance"])
assert not shared_libs.shared_libs.has_been_updated_this_run
assert shared_libs.shared_libs.needs_upgrade
def test_list_pinned_packages(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["pycowsay"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["black"]["spec"]])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["pin", "black"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["list", "--pinned"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "black 22.8.0" in captured.out
assert "pycowsay 0.0.0.2" not in captured.out
def test_list_pinned_packages_include_injected(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["pylint"]["spec"], PKG["nox"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["inject", "pylint", PKG["black"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["pin", "pylint"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["pin", "nox"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["list", "--pinned", "--include-injected"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "nox 2023.4.22" in captured.out
assert "pylint 3.0.4" in captured.out
assert "black 22.8.0 (injected in venv pylint)" in captured.out
================================================
FILE: tests/test_main.py
================================================
import sys
from unittest import mock
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from helpers import run_pipx_cli
from pipx import main
def test_help_text(monkeypatch, capsys):
mock_exit = mock.Mock(side_effect=ValueError("raised in test to exit early"))
with mock.patch.object(sys, "exit", mock_exit), pytest.raises(ValueError, match="raised in test to exit early"):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["--help"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "usage: pipx" in captured.out
def test_version(monkeypatch, capsys):
mock_exit = mock.Mock(side_effect=ValueError("raised in test to exit early"))
with mock.patch.object(sys, "exit", mock_exit), pytest.raises(ValueError, match="raised in test to exit early"):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["--version"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
mock_exit.assert_called_with(0)
assert main.__version__ in captured.out.strip()
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
("argv", "executable", "expected"),
[
("/usr/bin/pipx", "", "pipx"),
("__main__.py", "/usr/bin/python", "/usr/bin/python -m pipx"),
],
)
def test_prog_name(monkeypatch, argv, executable, expected):
monkeypatch.setattr("pipx.main.sys.argv", [argv])
monkeypatch.setattr("pipx.main.sys.executable", executable)
assert main.prog_name() == expected
def test_limit_verbosity():
assert not run_pipx_cli(["list", "-qqq"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["list", "-vvvv"])
================================================
FILE: tests/test_package_specifier.py
================================================
from pathlib import Path
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from pipx.package_specifier import (
fix_package_name,
parse_specifier_for_install,
parse_specifier_for_metadata,
parse_specifier_for_upgrade,
valid_pypi_name,
)
from pipx.util import PipxError
TEST_DATA_PATH = "./testdata/test_package_specifier"
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"package_spec_in,package_name_out",
[
("Black", "black"),
("https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip", None),
("black @ https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip", None),
("black-18.9b0-py36-none-any.whl", None),
("black-18.9b0.tar.gz", None),
],
)
def test_valid_pypi_name(package_spec_in, package_name_out):
assert valid_pypi_name(package_spec_in) == package_name_out
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"package_spec_in,package_name,package_spec_out",
[
(
"https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
"black",
"https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
),
(
"nox@https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
"black",
"black @ https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
),
(
"nox[extra]@https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
"black",
"black[extra] @ https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
),
],
)
def test_fix_package_name(package_spec_in, package_name, package_spec_out):
assert fix_package_name(package_spec_in, package_name) == package_spec_out
_ROOT = Path(__file__).parents[1]
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"package_spec_in,package_or_url_correct,valid_spec",
[
("pipx", "pipx", True),
("PiPx_stylized.name", "pipx-stylized-name", True),
("pipx==0.15.0", "pipx==0.15.0", True),
("pipx>=0.15.0", "pipx>=0.15.0", True),
("pipx<=0.15.0", "pipx<=0.15.0", True),
('pipx;python_version>="3.6"', "pipx", True),
('pipx==0.15.0;python_version>="3.6"', "pipx==0.15.0", True),
("pipx[extra1]", "pipx[extra1]", True),
("pipx[extra1, extra2]", "pipx[extra1,extra2]", True),
("src/pipx", str((_ROOT / "src" / "pipx").resolve()), True),
(
"git+https://github.com/cs01/nox.git@5ea70723e9e6",
"git+https://github.com/cs01/nox.git@5ea70723e9e6",
True,
),
(
"nox@git+https://github.com/cs01/nox.git@5ea70723e9e6",
"nox @ git+https://github.com/cs01/nox.git@5ea70723e9e6",
True,
),
(
"https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
"https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
True,
),
(
"black@https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
"black @ https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
True,
),
(
"black @ https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
"black @ https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
True,
),
(
"black[extra] @ https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
"black[extra] @ https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
True,
),
(
'my-project[cli] @ git+ssh://git@bitbucket.org/my-company/myproject.git ; python_version<"3.8"',
"my-project[cli] @ git+ssh://git@bitbucket.org/my-company/myproject.git",
True,
),
("path/doesnt/exist", "non-existent-path", False),
(
"https:/github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
"URL-syntax-error-slash",
False,
),
],
)
def test_parse_specifier_for_metadata(package_spec_in, package_or_url_correct, valid_spec, monkeypatch, root):
monkeypatch.chdir(root)
if valid_spec:
package_or_url = parse_specifier_for_metadata(package_spec_in)
assert package_or_url == package_or_url_correct
else:
# print package_spec_in for info in case no error is raised
print(f"package_spec_in = {package_spec_in}")
with pytest.raises(PipxError, match=r"^Unable to parse package spec"):
package_or_url = parse_specifier_for_metadata(package_spec_in)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"package_spec_in,package_or_url_correct,valid_spec",
[
("pipx", "pipx", True),
("PiPx_stylized.name", "pipx-stylized-name", True),
("pipx==0.15.0", "pipx", True),
("pipx>=0.15.0", "pipx", True),
("pipx<=0.15.0", "pipx", True),
('pipx;python_version>="3.6"', "pipx", True),
('pipx==0.15.0;python_version>="3.6"', "pipx", True),
("pipx[extra1]", "pipx[extra1]", True),
("pipx[extra1, extra2]", "pipx[extra1,extra2]", True),
("src/pipx", str((_ROOT / "src" / "pipx").resolve()), True),
(
"git+https://github.com/cs01/nox.git@5ea70723e9e6",
"git+https://github.com/cs01/nox.git@5ea70723e9e6",
True,
),
(
"nox@git+https://github.com/cs01/nox.git@5ea70723e9e6",
"nox @ git+https://github.com/cs01/nox.git@5ea70723e9e6",
True,
),
(
"https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
"https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
True,
),
(
"black@https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
"black @ https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
True,
),
(
"black @ https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
"black @ https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
True,
),
(
"black[extra] @ https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
"black[extra] @ https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
True,
),
(
'my-project[cli] @ git+ssh://git@bitbucket.org/my-company/myproject.git ; python_version<"3.8"',
"my-project[cli] @ git+ssh://git@bitbucket.org/my-company/myproject.git",
True,
),
("path/doesnt/exist", "non-existent-path", False),
(
"https:/github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
"URL-syntax-error-slash",
False,
),
],
)
def test_parse_specifier_for_upgrade(package_spec_in, package_or_url_correct, valid_spec, monkeypatch, root):
monkeypatch.chdir(root)
if valid_spec:
package_or_url = parse_specifier_for_upgrade(package_spec_in)
assert package_or_url == package_or_url_correct
else:
# print package_spec_in for info in case no error is raised
print(f"package_spec_in = {package_spec_in}")
with pytest.raises(PipxError, match=r"^Unable to parse package spec"):
package_or_url = parse_specifier_for_upgrade(package_spec_in)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"package_spec_in,pip_args_in,package_spec_expected,pip_args_expected,warning_str",
[
('pipx==0.15.0;python_version>="3.6"', [], "pipx==0.15.0", [], None),
("pipx==0.15.0", ["--editable"], "pipx==0.15.0", [], "Ignoring --editable"),
(
'pipx==0.15.0;python_version>="3.6"',
[],
"pipx==0.15.0",
[],
'Ignoring environment markers (python_version >= "3.6") in package',
),
(
"pipx==0.15.0",
["--no-cache-dir", "--editable"],
"pipx==0.15.0",
["--no-cache-dir"],
"Ignoring --editable",
),
(
"git+https://github.com/cs01/nox.git@5ea70723e9e6",
["--editable"],
"git+https://github.com/cs01/nox.git@5ea70723e9e6",
[],
"Ignoring --editable",
),
(
"https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
["--editable"],
"https://github.com/ambv/black/archive/18.9b0.zip",
[],
"Ignoring --editable",
),
(
"src/pipx",
["--editable"],
str(Path("src/pipx").resolve()),
["--editable"],
None,
),
(
TEST_DATA_PATH + "/local_extras",
[],
str(Path(TEST_DATA_PATH + "/local_extras").resolve),
[],
None,
),
(
TEST_DATA_PATH + "/local_extras[cow]",
[],
str(Path(TEST_DATA_PATH + "/local_extras").resolve) + "[cow]",
[],
None,
),
(
TEST_DATA_PATH + "/local_extras",
["--editable"],
str(Path(TEST_DATA_PATH + "/local_extras").resolve),
["--editable"],
None,
),
(
TEST_DATA_PATH + "/local_extras[cow]",
["--editable"],
str(Path(TEST_DATA_PATH + "/local_extras").resolve) + "[cow]",
["--editable"],
None,
),
],
)
def test_parse_specifier_for_install(
caplog,
package_spec_in,
pip_args_in,
package_spec_expected,
pip_args_expected,
warning_str,
monkeypatch,
root,
):
monkeypatch.chdir(root)
parse_specifier_for_install(package_spec_in, pip_args_in)
if warning_str is not None:
assert warning_str in caplog.text
================================================
FILE: tests/test_pin.py
================================================
from helpers import run_pipx_cli
from package_info import PKG
def test_pin(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["pin", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "pycowsay"])
assert "Not upgrading pinned package pycowsay" in caplog.text
def test_pin_with_suffix(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["black"]["spec"], "--suffix", "@1"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["pin", "black@1"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "black@1"])
assert "Not upgrading pinned package black@1" in caplog.text
def test_pin_warning(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["nox"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["pin", "nox"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["pin", "nox"])
assert "Package nox already pinned 😴" in caplog.text
def test_pin_not_installed_package(capsys, pipx_temp_env):
assert run_pipx_cli(["pin", "abc"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Package abc is not installed" in captured.err
def test_pin_injected_packages_only(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["inject", "pycowsay", "black", PKG["pylint"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["pin", "pycowsay", "--injected-only"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Pinned 2 packages in venv pycowsay" in captured.out
assert "black" in captured.out
assert "pylint" in captured.out
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "pycowsay", "--include-injected"])
assert "Not upgrading pinned package black in venv pycowsay" in caplog.text
assert "Not upgrading pinned package pylint in venv pycowsay" in caplog.text
def test_pin_injected_packages_with_skip(capsys, pipx_temp_env):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "black"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["inject", "black", PKG["pylint"]["spec"], PKG["isort"]["spec"]])
_ = capsys.readouterr()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["pin", "black", "--injected-only", "--skip", "isort"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "pylint" in captured.out
assert "isort" not in captured.out
================================================
FILE: tests/test_pipx_metadata_file.py
================================================
import sys
from dataclasses import replace
from pathlib import Path
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from helpers import assert_package_metadata, create_package_info_ref, run_pipx_cli
from package_info import PKG
from pipx import paths
from pipx.pipx_metadata_file import PackageInfo, PipxMetadata
from pipx.util import PipxError
TEST_PACKAGE1 = PackageInfo(
package="test_package",
package_or_url="test_package_url",
pip_args=[],
include_apps=True,
include_dependencies=False,
apps=["testapp"],
app_paths=[Path("/usr/bin")],
apps_of_dependencies=["dep1"],
app_paths_of_dependencies={"dep1": [Path("bin")]},
man_pages=[str(Path("man1/testapp.1"))],
man_pages_of_dependencies=[str(Path("man1/dep1.1"))],
man_paths_of_dependencies={"dep1": [Path("man1/dep1.1")]},
package_version="0.1.2",
)
TEST_PACKAGE2 = PackageInfo(
package="inj_package",
package_or_url="inj_package_url",
pip_args=["-e"],
include_apps=True,
include_dependencies=False,
apps=["injapp"],
app_paths=[Path("/usr/bin")],
apps_of_dependencies=["dep2"],
app_paths_of_dependencies={"dep2": [Path("bin")]},
man_pages=[str(Path("man1/injapp.1"))],
man_pages_of_dependencies=[str(Path("man1/dep2.1"))],
man_paths_of_dependencies={"dep2": [Path("man1/dep2.1")]},
package_version="6.7.8",
)
def test_pipx_metadata_file_create(tmp_path):
venv_dir = tmp_path / TEST_PACKAGE1.package
venv_dir.mkdir()
pipx_metadata = PipxMetadata(venv_dir)
pipx_metadata.main_package = TEST_PACKAGE1
pipx_metadata.python_version = "3.4.5"
pipx_metadata.source_interpreter = Path(sys.executable)
pipx_metadata.venv_args = ["--system-site-packages"]
pipx_metadata.injected_packages = {"injected": TEST_PACKAGE2}
pipx_metadata.write()
pipx_metadata2 = PipxMetadata(venv_dir)
for attribute in [
"venv_dir",
"main_package",
"python_version",
"venv_args",
"injected_packages",
]:
assert getattr(pipx_metadata, attribute) == getattr(pipx_metadata2, attribute)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"test_package",
[
replace(TEST_PACKAGE1, include_apps=False),
replace(TEST_PACKAGE1, package=None),
replace(TEST_PACKAGE1, package_or_url=None),
],
)
def test_pipx_metadata_file_validation(tmp_path, test_package):
venv_dir = tmp_path / "venv"
venv_dir.mkdir()
pipx_metadata = PipxMetadata(venv_dir)
pipx_metadata.main_package = test_package
pipx_metadata.python_version = "3.4.5"
pipx_metadata.source_interpreter = Path(sys.executable)
pipx_metadata.venv_args = ["--system-site-packages"]
pipx_metadata.injected_packages = {}
with pytest.raises(PipxError):
pipx_metadata.write()
def test_package_install(monkeypatch, tmp_path, pipx_temp_env):
pipx_venvs_dir = paths.ctx.home / "venvs"
run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["pycowsay"]["spec"]])
assert (pipx_venvs_dir / "pycowsay" / "pipx_metadata.json").is_file()
pipx_metadata = PipxMetadata(pipx_venvs_dir / "pycowsay")
pycowsay_package_ref = create_package_info_ref("pycowsay", "pycowsay", pipx_venvs_dir)
assert_package_metadata(pipx_metadata.main_package, pycowsay_package_ref)
assert pipx_metadata.injected_packages == {}
def test_package_inject(monkeypatch, tmp_path, pipx_temp_env):
pipx_venvs_dir = paths.ctx.home / "venvs"
run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["pycowsay"]["spec"]])
run_pipx_cli(["inject", "pycowsay", PKG["black"]["spec"]])
assert (pipx_venvs_dir / "pycowsay" / "pipx_metadata.json").is_file()
pipx_metadata = PipxMetadata(pipx_venvs_dir / "pycowsay")
assert pipx_metadata.injected_packages.keys() == {"black"}
black_package_ref = create_package_info_ref("pycowsay", "black", pipx_venvs_dir, include_apps=False)
assert_package_metadata(pipx_metadata.injected_packages["black"], black_package_ref)
================================================
FILE: tests/test_reinstall.py
================================================
import sys
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from helpers import PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS, mock_legacy_venv, run_pipx_cli, skip_if_windows
def test_reinstall(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["reinstall", "--python", sys.executable, "pycowsay"])
@skip_if_windows
def test_reinstall_global(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "--global", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["reinstall", "--global", "--python", sys.executable, "pycowsay"])
def test_reinstall_nonexistent(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert run_pipx_cli(["reinstall", "--python", sys.executable, "nonexistent"])
assert "Nothing to reinstall for nonexistent" in capsys.readouterr().out
@pytest.mark.parametrize("metadata_version", PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS)
def test_reinstall_legacy_venv(pipx_temp_env, capsys, metadata_version):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
mock_legacy_venv("pycowsay", metadata_version=metadata_version)
assert not run_pipx_cli(["reinstall", "--python", sys.executable, "pycowsay"])
def test_reinstall_suffix(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
suffix = "_x"
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay", f"--suffix={suffix}"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["reinstall", "--python", sys.executable, f"pycowsay{suffix}"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("metadata_version", ["0.1"])
def test_reinstall_suffix_legacy_venv(pipx_temp_env, capsys, metadata_version):
suffix = "_x"
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay", f"--suffix={suffix}"])
mock_legacy_venv(f"pycowsay{suffix}", metadata_version=metadata_version)
assert not run_pipx_cli(["reinstall", "--python", sys.executable, f"pycowsay{suffix}"])
def test_reinstall_specifier(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pylint==3.0.4"])
# clear capsys before reinstall
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["reinstall", "--python", sys.executable, "pylint"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "installed package pylint 3.0.4" in captured.out
def test_reinstall_with_path(pipx_temp_env, capsys, tmp_path):
path = tmp_path / "some" / "path"
assert run_pipx_cli(["reinstall", str(path)])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Expected the name of an installed package" in captured.err.replace("\n", " ")
assert run_pipx_cli(["reinstall", str(path.resolve())])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Expected the name of an installed package" in captured.err.replace("\n", " ")
def test_reinstall_pinned_package(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "black"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["pin", "black"])
assert run_pipx_cli(["reinstall", "black"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "pinned" in captured.err
assert not run_pipx_cli(["unpin", "black"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["reinstall", "black"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "installed package black" in captured.out
================================================
FILE: tests/test_reinstall_all.py
================================================
import sys
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from helpers import PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS, mock_legacy_venv, run_pipx_cli
from pipx import shared_libs
def test_reinstall_all(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["reinstall-all", "--python", sys.executable])
def test_reinstall_all_none(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["reinstall-all"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "No packages reinstalled after running 'pipx reinstall-all'" in captured.out
@pytest.mark.parametrize("metadata_version", PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS)
def test_reinstall_all_legacy_venv(pipx_temp_env, capsys, metadata_version):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
mock_legacy_venv("pycowsay", metadata_version=metadata_version)
assert not run_pipx_cli(["reinstall-all", "--python", sys.executable])
def test_reinstall_all_suffix(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
suffix = "_x"
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay", f"--suffix={suffix}"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["reinstall-all", "--python", sys.executable])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("metadata_version", ["0.1"])
def test_reinstall_all_suffix_legacy_venv(pipx_temp_env, capsys, metadata_version):
suffix = "_x"
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay", f"--suffix={suffix}"])
mock_legacy_venv(f"pycowsay{suffix}", metadata_version=metadata_version)
assert not run_pipx_cli(["reinstall-all", "--python", sys.executable])
def test_reinstall_all_triggers_shared_libs_upgrade(pipx_temp_env, caplog, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
shared_libs.shared_libs.has_been_updated_this_run = False
caplog.clear()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["reinstall-all"])
assert "Upgrading shared libraries in" in caplog.text
================================================
FILE: tests/test_run.py
================================================
import logging
import os
import subprocess
import sys
import textwrap
from pathlib import Path
from unittest import mock
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
import pipx.main
import pipx.util
from helpers import run_pipx_cli
from package_info import PKG
from pipx import paths, shared_libs
def test_help_text(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys):
mock_exit = mock.Mock(side_effect=ValueError("raised in test to exit early"))
with mock.patch.object(sys, "exit", mock_exit), pytest.raises(ValueError, match="raised in test to exit early"):
run_pipx_cli(["run", "--help"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Download the latest version of a package" in captured.out
def execvpe_mock(cmd_path, cmd_args, env):
return_code = subprocess.run(
[str(x) for x in cmd_args],
env=env,
capture_output=False,
encoding="utf-8",
text=True,
check=False,
).returncode
sys.exit(return_code)
def run_pipx_cli_exit(pipx_cmd_list, assert_exit=None):
with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as sys_exit:
run_pipx_cli(pipx_cmd_list)
if assert_exit is not None:
assert sys_exit.type is SystemExit
assert sys_exit.value.code == assert_exit
@pytest.mark.parametrize("package_name", ["pycowsay", "pycowsay==0.0.0.2", "pycowsay>=0.0.0.2"])
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_simple_run(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys, package_name):
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", package_name, "--help"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Download the latest version of a package" not in captured.out
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_cache(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys, caplog):
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", "pycowsay", "cowsay", "args"])
caplog.set_level(logging.DEBUG)
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", "--verbose", "pycowsay", "cowsay", "args"], assert_exit=0)
assert "Reusing cached venv" in caplog.text
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", "--no-cache", "pycowsay", "cowsay", "args"])
assert "Removing cached venv" in caplog.text
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_cachedir_tag(pipx_ultra_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys, caplog):
tag_path = paths.ctx.venv_cache / "CACHEDIR.TAG"
assert not tag_path.exists()
# Run pipx to create tag
caplog.set_level(logging.DEBUG)
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", "pycowsay", "cowsay", "args"])
assert "Adding CACHEDIR.TAG to cache directory" in caplog.text
assert tag_path.exists()
caplog.clear()
# Run pipx again to verify the tag file is not recreated
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", "pycowsay", "cowsay", "args"])
assert "Adding CACHEDIR.TAG to cache directory" not in caplog.text
assert tag_path.exists()
# Verify the tag file starts with the required signature.
with tag_path.open("r") as tag_file:
assert tag_file.read().startswith("Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55")
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_run_script_from_internet(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
run_pipx_cli_exit(
[
"run",
"https://gist.githubusercontent.com/cs01/"
"fa721a17a326e551ede048c5088f9e0f/raw/"
"6bdfbb6e9c1132b1c38fdd2f195d4a24c540c324/pipx-demo.py",
],
assert_exit=0,
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"input_run_args,expected_app_with_args",
[
(["--", "pycowsay", "--", "hello"], ["pycowsay", "--", "hello"]),
(["--", "pycowsay", "--", "--", "hello"], ["pycowsay", "--", "--", "hello"]),
(["--", "pycowsay", "hello", "--"], ["pycowsay", "hello", "--"]),
(["--", "pycowsay", "hello", "--", "--"], ["pycowsay", "hello", "--", "--"]),
(["--", "pycowsay", "--"], ["pycowsay", "--"]),
(["--", "pycowsay", "--", "--"], ["pycowsay", "--", "--"]),
(["pycowsay", "--", "hello"], ["pycowsay", "--", "hello"]),
(["pycowsay", "--", "--", "hello"], ["pycowsay", "--", "--", "hello"]),
(["pycowsay", "hello", "--"], ["pycowsay", "hello", "--"]),
(["pycowsay", "hello", "--", "--"], ["pycowsay", "hello", "--", "--"]),
(["pycowsay", "--"], ["pycowsay", "--"]),
(["pycowsay", "--", "--"], ["pycowsay", "--", "--"]),
(["--", "--", "pycowsay", "--"], ["--", "pycowsay", "--"]),
],
)
def test_appargs_doubledash(pipx_temp_env, capsys, monkeypatch, input_run_args, expected_app_with_args):
parser, _ = pipx.main.get_command_parser()
monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", ["pipx", "run"] + input_run_args)
parsed_pipx_args = parser.parse_args()
pipx.main.check_args(parsed_pipx_args)
assert parsed_pipx_args.app_with_args == expected_app_with_args
def test_run_ensure_null_pythonpath():
env = os.environ.copy()
env["PYTHONPATH"] = "test"
assert (
"None"
in subprocess.run(
[
sys.executable,
"-m",
"pipx",
"run",
"ipython",
"-c",
"import os; print(os.environ.get('PYTHONPATH'))",
],
env=env,
capture_output=True,
text=True,
check=True,
).stdout
)
# packages listed roughly in order of increasing test duration
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"package, package_or_url, app_appargs, skip_win",
[
("pycowsay", "pycowsay", ["pycowsay", "hello"], False),
("shell-functools", PKG["shell-functools"]["spec"], ["filter", "--help"], True),
("black", PKG["black"]["spec"], ["black", "--help"], False),
("pylint", PKG["pylint"]["spec"], ["pylint", "--help"], False),
("kaggle", PKG["kaggle"]["spec"], ["kaggle", "--help"], False),
("ipython", PKG["ipython"]["spec"], ["ipython", "--version"], False),
# ("cloudtoken", PKG["cloudtoken"]["spec"], ["cloudtoken", "--help"], True),
("awscli", PKG["awscli"]["spec"], ["aws", "--help"], True),
# ("ansible", PKG["ansible"]["spec"], ["ansible", "--help"]), # takes too long
],
)
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_package_determination(caplog, pipx_temp_env, package, package_or_url, app_appargs, skip_win):
if sys.platform.startswith("win") and skip_win:
# Skip packages with 'scripts' in setup.py that don't work on Windows
pytest.skip()
caplog.set_level(logging.INFO)
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", "--verbose", "--spec", package_or_url, "--"] + app_appargs)
assert "Cannot determine package name" not in caplog.text
assert f"Determined package name: {package}" in caplog.text
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_run_without_requirements(caplog, pipx_temp_env, tmp_path):
script = tmp_path / "test.py"
out = tmp_path / "output.txt"
test_str = "Hello, world!"
script.write_text(
textwrap.dedent(
f"""
from pathlib import Path
Path({str(out)!r}).write_text({test_str!r})
"""
).strip()
)
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", script.as_uri()])
assert out.read_text() == test_str
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"script_text, expected_output",
[
pytest.param(
"""
# /// script
# dependencies = []
# ///
from pathlib import Path
Path({out!r}).write_text("explicit-empty")
""",
"explicit-empty",
id="explicit-empty-dependencies",
),
pytest.param(
"""
# /// script
# ///
from pathlib import Path
Path({out!r}).write_text("implicit-empty")
""",
"implicit-empty",
id="implicit-empty-dependencies",
),
pytest.param(
"""
# /// script
# dependencies = ["requests==2.31.0"]
# ///
# Check requests can be imported
import requests
# Check dependencies of requests can be imported
import certifi
# Check the installed version
from pathlib import Path
Path({out!r}).write_text(requests.__version__)
""",
"2.31.0",
id="non-empty-dependencies",
),
],
)
def test_run_with_requirements(script_text, expected_output, caplog, pipx_temp_env, tmp_path):
script = tmp_path / "test.py"
out = tmp_path / "output.txt"
script.write_text(
textwrap.dedent(script_text.format(out=str(out))).strip(),
encoding="utf-8",
)
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", script.as_uri()])
assert out.read_text() == expected_output
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_run_with_requirements_old(caplog, pipx_temp_env, tmp_path):
script = tmp_path / "test.py"
out = tmp_path / "output.txt"
script.write_text(
textwrap.dedent(
f"""
# /// pyproject
# run.requirements = ["requests==2.31.0"]
# ///
# Check requests can be imported
import requests
# Check dependencies of requests can be imported
import certifi
# Check the installed version
from pathlib import Path
Path({str(out)!r}).write_text(requests.__version__)
"""
).strip(),
encoding="utf-8",
)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", script.as_uri()])
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_run_correct_traceback(capfd, pipx_temp_env, tmp_path):
script = tmp_path / "test.py"
script.write_text(
textwrap.dedent(
"""
raise RuntimeError("Should fail")
"""
).strip()
)
with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
run_pipx_cli(["run", str(script)])
captured = capfd.readouterr()
assert "test.py" in captured.err
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_run_with_args(caplog, pipx_temp_env, tmp_path):
script = tmp_path / "test.py"
out = tmp_path / "output.txt"
script.write_text(
textwrap.dedent(
f"""
import sys
from pathlib import Path
Path({str(out)!r}).write_text(str(int(sys.argv[1]) + 1))
"""
).strip()
)
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", script.as_uri(), "1"])
assert out.read_text() == "2"
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_run_with_requirements_and_args(caplog, pipx_temp_env, tmp_path):
script = tmp_path / "test.py"
out = tmp_path / "output.txt"
script.write_text(
textwrap.dedent(
f"""
# /// script
# dependencies = ["packaging"]
# ///
import packaging
import sys
from pathlib import Path
Path({str(out)!r}).write_text(str(int(sys.argv[1]) + 1))
"""
).strip()
)
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", script.as_uri(), "1"])
assert out.read_text() == "2"
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_run_with_failing_requirements(capfd, pipx_temp_env, tmp_path):
script = tmp_path / "test.py"
script.write_text(
textwrap.dedent(
"""
# /// script
# dependencies = ["will_fail @ git+https://0.0.0.0/will_fail.git"]
# ///
import will_fail
"""
).strip()
)
# Attempt first invocation of `pipx run`.
# This should fail as the `will_fail` package will not be able to be installed.
return_code = run_pipx_cli(["run", str(script)])
captured = capfd.readouterr()
assert return_code != 0
assert "Error installing will_fail @ git+https://0.0.0.0/will_fail.git." in captured.err
# Attempt second invocation of `pipx run`.
# If above failure was detected and the temporary venv marked for deletion,
# then this should fail in the same manner.
# If the above failure was not detected, then a ModuleNotFoundError will be raised.
return_code = run_pipx_cli(["run", str(script)])
captured = capfd.readouterr()
assert return_code != 0
assert "ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'will_fail'" not in captured.err
assert "Error installing will_fail @ git+https://0.0.0.0/will_fail.git." in captured.err
def test_pip_args_forwarded_to_shared_libs(pipx_ultra_temp_env, capsys, caplog):
# strategy:
# 1. start from an empty env to ensure the next command would trigger a shared lib update
assert shared_libs.shared_libs.needs_upgrade
# 2. install any package with --no-index
# and check that the shared library update phase fails
return_code = run_pipx_cli(["run", "--verbose", "--pip-args=--no-index", "pycowsay", "hello"])
assert "Upgrading shared libraries in" in caplog.text
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert return_code != 0
assert "ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pip" in captured.err
assert "Failed to upgrade shared libraries" in caplog.text
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_run_with_invalid_requirement(capsys, pipx_temp_env, tmp_path):
script = tmp_path / "test.py"
script.write_text(
textwrap.dedent(
"""
# /// script
# dependencies = ["this is an invalid requirement"]
# ///
print()
"""
).strip()
)
ret = run_pipx_cli(["run", script.as_uri()])
assert ret == 1
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Invalid requirement this is an invalid requirement" in captured.err
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_run_script_by_absolute_name(caplog, pipx_temp_env, tmp_path):
script = tmp_path / "test.py"
out = tmp_path / "output.txt"
test_str = "Hello, world!"
script.write_text(
textwrap.dedent(
f"""
from pathlib import Path
Path({str(out)!r}).write_text({test_str!r})
"""
).strip()
)
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", "--path", str(script)])
assert out.read_text() == test_str
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_run_script_by_relative_name(caplog, pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
script = tmp_path / "test.py"
out = tmp_path / "output.txt"
test_str = "Hello, world!"
script.write_text(
textwrap.dedent(
f"""
from pathlib import Path
Path({str(out)!r}).write_text({test_str!r})
"""
).strip()
)
with monkeypatch.context() as m:
m.chdir(tmp_path)
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", "test.py"])
assert out.read_text() == test_str
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform.startswith("win"), reason="uses file descriptor")
def test_run_script_by_file_descriptor(caplog, pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
read_fd, write_fd = os.pipe()
out = tmp_path / "output.txt"
test_str = "Hello, world!"
os.write(
write_fd,
textwrap.dedent(
f"""
from pathlib import Path
Path({str(out)!r}).write_text({test_str!r})
"""
)
.strip()
.encode("utf-8"),
)
os.close(write_fd)
with monkeypatch.context() as m:
m.chdir(tmp_path)
try:
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", f"/dev/fd/{read_fd}"])
finally:
os.close(read_fd)
assert out.read_text() == test_str
@pytest.mark.skipif(not sys.platform.startswith("win"), reason="uses windows version format")
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_run_with_windows_python_version(caplog, pipx_temp_env, tmp_path):
script = tmp_path / "test.py"
out = tmp_path / "output.txt"
script.write_text(
textwrap.dedent(
f"""
import sys
from pathlib import Path
Path({str(out)!r}).write_text(sys.version)
"""
).strip()
)
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", script.as_uri(), "--python", "3.13"])
assert "3.13" in out.read_text()
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_run_verify_script_name_provided(pipx_temp_env, capsys, tmpdir):
tmpdir.mkdir("black")
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", "black"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "black" in captured.err
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_run_shared_lib_as_app(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capfd):
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", "pip", "--help"])
captured = capfd.readouterr()
assert "pip [options]" in captured.out
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_run_local_path_entry_point(pipx_temp_env, caplog, root):
empty_project_path = (Path("testdata") / "empty_project").as_posix()
os.chdir(root)
caplog.set_level(logging.INFO)
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", empty_project_path])
assert "Using discovered entry point for 'pipx run'" in caplog.text
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_run_with(capsys):
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", "--with", "black", "pycowsay", "--help"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "injected package black into venv pycowsay" in captured.out
@mock.patch("os.execvpe", new=execvpe_mock)
def test_run_with_cache(capsys, caplog):
# Maybe there's a better way to remove the previous venv cache?
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", "--no-cache", "pycowsay", "cowsay", "args"])
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", "pycowsay", "cowsay", "args"], assert_exit=0)
caplog.set_level(logging.DEBUG)
caplog.clear()
run_pipx_cli_exit(["run", "--verbose", "--with", "black", "pycowsay", "args"], assert_exit=0)
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Reusing cached venv" in caplog.text
assert "injected package black into venv pycowsay" in captured.out
================================================
FILE: tests/test_runpip.py
================================================
from helpers import run_pipx_cli, skip_if_windows
def test_runpip(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["runpip", "pycowsay", "list"])
def test_runpip_splits_single_argument(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["runpip", "pycowsay", "list --format=freeze"])
@skip_if_windows
def test_runpip_global(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "--global", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["runpip", "--global", "pycowsay", "list"])
================================================
FILE: tests/test_shared_libs.py
================================================
import os
import time
from pathlib import Path
from unittest.mock import patch
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from pipx import shared_libs
from pipx.constants import WINDOWS
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"mtime_minus_now,needs_upgrade",
[
(-shared_libs.SHARED_LIBS_MAX_AGE_SEC - 5 * 60, True),
(-shared_libs.SHARED_LIBS_MAX_AGE_SEC + 5 * 60, False),
],
)
def test_auto_update_shared_libs(capsys, pipx_ultra_temp_env, mtime_minus_now, needs_upgrade):
now = time.time()
shared_libs.shared_libs.create(verbose=True, pip_args=[])
shared_libs.shared_libs.has_been_updated_this_run = False
access_time = now # this can be anything
os.utime(shared_libs.shared_libs.pip_path, (access_time, mtime_minus_now + now))
assert shared_libs.shared_libs.needs_upgrade is needs_upgrade
@pytest.mark.skipif(not WINDOWS, reason="Windows-specific test")
def test_venv_python_is_valid_missing_interpreter(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
"""Test that _venv_python_is_valid returns False when the underlying Python is missing."""
# Create a fake venv structure
venv_path = tmp_path / "test_venv"
scripts_path = venv_path / "Scripts"
scripts_path.mkdir(parents=True)
python_exe = scripts_path / "python.exe"
python_exe.touch()
# Create a pyvenv.cfg pointing to a non-existent Python
pyvenv_cfg = venv_path / "pyvenv.cfg"
pyvenv_cfg.write_text("home = C:\\NonExistent\\Python\\Path\nversion = 3.14.0\n")
assert shared_libs._venv_python_is_valid(python_exe) is False
@pytest.mark.skipif(not WINDOWS, reason="Windows-specific test")
def test_venv_python_is_valid_existing_interpreter(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
"""Test that _venv_python_is_valid returns True when the underlying Python exists."""
# Create a fake venv structure
venv_path = tmp_path / "test_venv"
scripts_path = venv_path / "Scripts"
scripts_path.mkdir(parents=True)
python_exe = scripts_path / "python.exe"
python_exe.touch()
# Create the "original" Python installation
original_python_dir = tmp_path / "original_python"
original_python_dir.mkdir()
original_python_exe = original_python_dir / "python.exe"
original_python_exe.touch()
# Create a pyvenv.cfg pointing to the existing Python
pyvenv_cfg = venv_path / "pyvenv.cfg"
pyvenv_cfg.write_text(f"home = {original_python_dir}\nversion = 3.12.0\n")
assert shared_libs._venv_python_is_valid(python_exe) is True
def test_venv_python_is_valid_non_windows() -> None:
"""Test that _venv_python_is_valid always returns True on non-Windows platforms."""
with patch.object(shared_libs, "WINDOWS", False):
# Should return True regardless of the path
assert shared_libs._venv_python_is_valid(Path("/fake/path/python")) is True
================================================
FILE: tests/test_standalone_interpreter.py
================================================
import json
import shutil
import sys
from helpers import (
run_pipx_cli,
)
from package_info import PKG
from pipx import standalone_python
MAJOR_PYTHON_VERSION = sys.version_info.major
MINOR_PYTHON_VERSION = sys.version_info.minor
TARGET_PYTHON_VERSION = f"{MAJOR_PYTHON_VERSION}.{MINOR_PYTHON_VERSION}"
original_which = shutil.which
def mock_which(name):
if name == TARGET_PYTHON_VERSION:
return None
return original_which(name)
def test_list_no_standalone_interpreters(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["interpreter", "list"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Standalone interpreters" in captured.out
assert len(captured.out.splitlines()) == 1
def test_list_used_standalone_interpreters(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, mocked_github_api, capsys):
monkeypatch.setattr(shutil, "which", mock_which)
assert not run_pipx_cli(
[
"install",
"--fetch-missing-python",
"--python",
TARGET_PYTHON_VERSION,
PKG["pycowsay"]["spec"],
]
)
capsys.readouterr()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["interpreter", "list"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert TARGET_PYTHON_VERSION in captured.out
assert "pycowsay" in captured.out
def test_list_unused_standalone_interpreters(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, mocked_github_api, capsys):
monkeypatch.setattr(shutil, "which", mock_which)
assert not run_pipx_cli(
[
"install",
"--fetch-missing-python",
"--python",
TARGET_PYTHON_VERSION,
PKG["pycowsay"]["spec"],
]
)
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninstall", "pycowsay"])
capsys.readouterr()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["interpreter", "list"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert TARGET_PYTHON_VERSION in captured.out
assert "pycowsay" not in captured.out
assert "Unused" in captured.out
def test_prune_unused_standalone_interpreters(pipx_temp_env, monkeypatch, mocked_github_api, capsys):
monkeypatch.setattr(shutil, "which", mock_which)
assert not run_pipx_cli(
[
"install",
"--fetch-missing-python",
"--python",
TARGET_PYTHON_VERSION,
PKG["pycowsay"]["spec"],
]
)
capsys.readouterr()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["interpreter", "prune"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Nothing to remove" in captured.out
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninstall", "pycowsay"])
capsys.readouterr()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["interpreter", "prune"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Successfully removed:" in captured.out
assert f"- Python {TARGET_PYTHON_VERSION}" in captured.out
assert not run_pipx_cli(["interpreter", "list"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Standalone interpreters" in captured.out
assert len(captured.out.splitlines()) == 1
assert not run_pipx_cli(["interpreter", "prune"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Nothing to remove" in captured.out
def test_upgrade_standalone_interpreter(pipx_temp_env, root, monkeypatch, capsys):
monkeypatch.setattr(shutil, "which", mock_which)
with open(root / "testdata" / "standalone_python_index_20250818.json") as f:
new_index = json.load(f)
monkeypatch.setattr(standalone_python, "get_or_update_index", lambda _: new_index)
assert not run_pipx_cli(
[
"install",
"--fetch-missing-python",
"--python",
TARGET_PYTHON_VERSION,
PKG["pycowsay"]["spec"],
]
)
with open(root / "testdata" / "standalone_python_index_20250828.json") as f:
new_index = json.load(f)
monkeypatch.setattr(standalone_python, "get_or_update_index", lambda _: new_index)
assert not run_pipx_cli(["interpreter", "upgrade"])
def test_upgrade_standalone_interpreter_nothing_to_upgrade(pipx_temp_env, capsys, mocked_github_api):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["interpreter", "upgrade"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Nothing to upgrade" in captured.out
================================================
FILE: tests/test_uninject.py
================================================
from helpers import run_pipx_cli, skip_if_windows
from package_info import PKG
def test_uninject_simple(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["inject", "pycowsay", PKG["black"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninject", "pycowsay", "black"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Uninjected package black" in captured.out
assert not run_pipx_cli(["list", "--include-injected"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "black" not in captured.out
@skip_if_windows
def test_uninject_simple_global(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "--global", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["inject", "--global", "pycowsay", PKG["black"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninject", "--global", "pycowsay", "black"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Uninjected package black" in captured.out
assert not run_pipx_cli(["list", "--global", "--include-injected"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "black" not in captured.out
def test_uninject_with_include_apps(pipx_temp_env, capsys, caplog):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["inject", "pycowsay", PKG["black"]["spec"], "--include-deps", "--include-apps"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninject", "pycowsay", "black", "--verbose"])
assert "removed file" in caplog.text
def test_uninject_leave_deps(pipx_temp_env, capsys, caplog):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["inject", "pycowsay", PKG["black"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninject", "pycowsay", "black", "--leave-deps", "--verbose"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Uninjected package black from venv pycowsay" in captured.out
assert "Dependencies of uninstalled package:" not in caplog.text
================================================
FILE: tests/test_uninstall.py
================================================
import sys
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from helpers import (
PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS,
app_name,
mock_legacy_venv,
remove_venv_interpreter,
run_pipx_cli,
skip_if_windows,
)
from package_info import PKG
from pipx import paths
def file_or_symlink(filepath):
# Returns True for file or broken symlink or non-broken symlink
# Returns False for no file and no symlink
# filepath.exists() returns True for regular file or non-broken symlink
# filepath.exists() returns False for no regular file or broken symlink
# filepath.is_symlink() returns True for broken or non-broken symlink
return filepath.exists() or filepath.is_symlink()
def test_uninstall(pipx_temp_env):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninstall", "pycowsay"])
@skip_if_windows
def test_uninstall_global(pipx_temp_env):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "--global", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninstall", "--global", "pycowsay"])
# TODO: We can add this test back once a suitable substitute for cloudtoken is found
# def test_uninstall_circular_deps(pipx_temp_env):
# assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["cloudtoken"]["spec"]])
# assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninstall", "cloudtoken"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("metadata_version", PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS)
def test_uninstall_legacy_venv(pipx_temp_env, metadata_version):
executable_path = paths.ctx.bin_dir / app_name("pycowsay")
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert executable_path.exists()
mock_legacy_venv("pycowsay", metadata_version=metadata_version)
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninstall", "pycowsay"])
assert not file_or_symlink(executable_path)
def test_uninstall_suffix(pipx_temp_env):
name = "pbr"
suffix = "_a"
executable_path = paths.ctx.bin_dir / app_name(f"{name}{suffix}")
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG[name]["spec"], f"--suffix={suffix}"])
assert executable_path.exists()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninstall", f"{name}{suffix}"])
assert not file_or_symlink(executable_path)
def test_uninstall_man_page(pipx_temp_env):
man_page_path = paths.ctx.man_dir / "man6" / "pycowsay.6"
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert man_page_path.exists()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninstall", "pycowsay"])
assert not file_or_symlink(man_page_path)
def test_uninstall_injected(pipx_temp_env):
pycowsay_app_paths = [paths.ctx.bin_dir / app for app in PKG["pycowsay"]["apps"]]
pycowsay_man_page_paths = [paths.ctx.man_dir / man_page for man_page in PKG["pycowsay"]["man_pages"]]
pylint_app_paths = [paths.ctx.bin_dir / app for app in PKG["pylint"]["apps"]]
app_paths = pycowsay_app_paths + pylint_app_paths
man_page_paths = pycowsay_man_page_paths
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["pycowsay"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["inject", "--include-apps", "pycowsay", PKG["pylint"]["spec"]])
for app_path in app_paths:
assert app_path.exists()
for man_page_path in man_page_paths:
assert man_page_path.exists()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninstall", "pycowsay"])
for app_path in app_paths:
assert not file_or_symlink(app_path)
for man_page_path in man_page_paths:
assert not file_or_symlink(man_page_path)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("metadata_version", ["0.1"])
def test_uninstall_suffix_legacy_venv(pipx_temp_env, metadata_version):
name = "pbr"
# legacy uninstall on Windows only works with "canonical name characters"
# in suffix
suffix = "-a"
executable_path = paths.ctx.bin_dir / app_name(f"{name}{suffix}")
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG[name]["spec"], f"--suffix={suffix}"])
mock_legacy_venv(f"{name}{suffix}", metadata_version=metadata_version)
assert executable_path.exists()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninstall", f"{name}{suffix}"])
assert not file_or_symlink(executable_path)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("metadata_version", PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS)
def test_uninstall_with_missing_interpreter(pipx_temp_env, metadata_version):
executable_path = paths.ctx.bin_dir / app_name("pycowsay")
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert executable_path.exists()
mock_legacy_venv("pycowsay", metadata_version=metadata_version)
remove_venv_interpreter("pycowsay")
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninstall", "pycowsay"])
# On Windows we cannot remove app binaries if no metadata and no python
if not (sys.platform.startswith("win") and metadata_version is None):
assert not file_or_symlink(executable_path)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("metadata_version", PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS)
def test_uninstall_proper_dep_behavior(pipx_temp_env, metadata_version):
# isort is a dependency of pylint. Make sure that uninstalling pylint
# does not also uninstall isort app in LOCAL_BIN_DIR
isort_app_paths = [paths.ctx.bin_dir / app for app in PKG["isort"]["apps"]]
pylint_app_paths = [paths.ctx.bin_dir / app for app in PKG["pylint"]["apps"]]
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["pylint"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["isort"]["spec"]])
mock_legacy_venv("pylint", metadata_version=metadata_version)
mock_legacy_venv("isort", metadata_version=metadata_version)
for pylint_app_path in pylint_app_paths:
assert pylint_app_path.exists()
for isort_app_path in isort_app_paths:
assert isort_app_path.exists()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninstall", "pylint"])
for pylint_app_path in pylint_app_paths:
assert not file_or_symlink(pylint_app_path)
# THIS is what we're making sure is true:
for isort_app_path in isort_app_paths:
assert isort_app_path.exists()
def test_uninstall_rejects_existing_directory_name(pipx_temp_env, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
local_dir = tmp_path / "myproject"
local_dir.mkdir()
(local_dir / "pyproject.toml").write_text(
'[project]\nname = "myproject"\nversion = "0.1.0"\n[project.scripts]\nmycmd = "myproject:main"\n'
)
(local_dir / "myproject.py").write_text("def main(): pass")
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "--editable", str(local_dir)])
monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)
result = run_pipx_cli(["uninstall", "myproject"])
assert result != 0, "uninstall should reject directory name when cwd contains that directory"
assert local_dir.exists(), "source directory should not be deleted"
@pytest.mark.parametrize("metadata_version", PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS)
def test_uninstall_proper_dep_behavior_missing_interpreter(pipx_temp_env, metadata_version):
# isort is a dependency of pylint. Make sure that uninstalling pylint
# does not also uninstall isort app in LOCAL_BIN_DIR
isort_app_paths = [paths.ctx.bin_dir / app for app in PKG["isort"]["apps"]]
pylint_app_paths = [paths.ctx.bin_dir / app for app in PKG["pylint"]["apps"]]
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["pylint"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["isort"]["spec"]])
mock_legacy_venv("pylint", metadata_version=metadata_version)
mock_legacy_venv("isort", metadata_version=metadata_version)
remove_venv_interpreter("pylint")
remove_venv_interpreter("isort")
for pylint_app_path in pylint_app_paths:
assert pylint_app_path.exists()
for isort_app_path in isort_app_paths:
assert isort_app_path.exists()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninstall", "pylint"])
# Do not check the following on Windows without metadata, we do not
# remove bin dir links by design for missing interpreter in that case
if not (sys.platform.startswith("win") and metadata_version is None):
for pylint_app_path in pylint_app_paths:
assert not file_or_symlink(pylint_app_path)
# THIS is what we're making sure is true:
for isort_app_path in isort_app_paths:
assert isort_app_path.exists()
================================================
FILE: tests/test_uninstall_all.py
================================================
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from helpers import PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS, mock_legacy_venv, run_pipx_cli
def test_uninstall_all(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninstall-all"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("metadata_version", PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS)
def test_uninstall_all_legacy_venv(pipx_temp_env, capsys, metadata_version):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
mock_legacy_venv("pycowsay", metadata_version=metadata_version)
assert not run_pipx_cli(["uninstall-all"])
================================================
FILE: tests/test_unpin.py
================================================
from helpers import run_pipx_cli
from package_info import PKG
def test_unpin(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["nox"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["pin", "nox"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["unpin", "nox"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "nox"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "nox is already at latest version" in captured.out
def test_unpin_with_suffix(capsys, pipx_temp_env):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["black"]["spec"], "--suffix", "@1"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["pin", "black@1"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["unpin", "black@1"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Unpinned 1 packages in venv black@1" in captured.out
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "black@1"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "upgraded package black@1 from 22.8.0 to 22.10.0" in captured.out
def test_unpin_warning(capsys, pipx_temp_env, caplog):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["nox"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["pin", "nox"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["unpin", "nox"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["unpin", "nox"])
assert "No packages to unpin in venv nox" in caplog.text
def test_unpin_not_installed_package(capsys, pipx_temp_env):
assert run_pipx_cli(["unpin", "abc"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Package abc is not installed" in captured.err
def test_unpin_injected_packages(capsys, pipx_temp_env):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "black"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["inject", "black", "nox", "pylint"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["pin", "black"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["unpin", "black"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Unpinned 3 packages in venv black" in captured.out
================================================
FILE: tests/test_upgrade.py
================================================
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from helpers import (
PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS,
mock_legacy_venv,
remove_venv_interpreter,
run_pipx_cli,
skip_if_windows,
)
from package_info import PKG
def test_upgrade(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Package is not installed" in captured.err
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "installed package pycowsay" in captured.out
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "pycowsay is already at latest version" in captured.out
@skip_if_windows
def test_upgrade_global(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "--global", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Package is not installed" in captured.err
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "--global", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "installed package pycowsay" in captured.out
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "--global", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "pycowsay is already at latest version" in captured.out
@pytest.mark.parametrize("metadata_version", PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS)
def test_upgrade_legacy_venv(pipx_temp_env, capsys, metadata_version):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
mock_legacy_venv("pycowsay", metadata_version=metadata_version)
captured = capsys.readouterr()
if metadata_version is None:
assert run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Not upgrading pycowsay. It has missing internal pipx metadata." in captured.err
else:
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
def test_upgrade_suffix(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
name = "pycowsay"
suffix = "_a"
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", name, f"--suffix={suffix}"])
assert run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", f"{name}"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", f"{name}{suffix}"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("metadata_version", ["0.1"])
def test_upgrade_suffix_legacy_venv(pipx_temp_env, capsys, metadata_version):
name = "pycowsay"
suffix = "_a"
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", name, f"--suffix={suffix}"])
mock_legacy_venv(f"{name}{suffix}", metadata_version=metadata_version)
assert run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", f"{name}"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", f"{name}{suffix}"])
def test_upgrade_specifier(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
name = "pylint"
pkg_spec = PKG[name]["spec"]
initial_version = pkg_spec.split("==")[-1]
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", f"{pkg_spec}"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", f"{name}"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert f"upgraded package {name} from {initial_version} to" in captured.out
def test_upgrade_missing_interpreter(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
remove_venv_interpreter("pycowsay")
result = run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "pycowsay"])
assert result != 0, "upgrade should fail when Python interpreter is missing"
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "invalid python interpreter" in captured.err
assert "pipx reinstall-all" in captured.err
def test_upgrade_editable(pipx_temp_env, capsys, root):
empty_project_path_as_string = (root / "testdata" / "empty_project").as_posix()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "--editable", empty_project_path_as_string, "--force"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "--editable", "empty_project"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "empty-project is already at latest version" in captured.out
def test_upgrade_include_injected(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["pylint"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["inject", "pylint", PKG["black"]["spec"]])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "--include-injected", "pylint"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "upgraded package pylint" in captured.out
assert "upgraded package black" in captured.out
def test_upgrade_no_include_injected(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", PKG["pylint"]["spec"]])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["inject", "pylint", PKG["black"]["spec"]])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "pylint"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "upgraded package pylint" in captured.out
assert "upgraded package black" not in captured.out
def test_upgrade_install_missing(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "pycowsay", "--install"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "installed package pycowsay" in captured.out
def test_upgrade_multiple(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
name = "pylint"
pkg_spec = PKG[name]["spec"]
initial_version = pkg_spec.split("==")[-1]
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", pkg_spec])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", name, "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert f"upgraded package {name} from {initial_version} to" in captured.out
assert "pycowsay is already at latest version" in captured.out
def test_upgrade_absolute_path(pipx_temp_env, capsys, root):
assert run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "--verbose", str((root / "testdata" / "empty_project").resolve())])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "Package cannot be a URL" not in captured.err
def test_upgrade_with_extras(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
"""Test that upgrading a package with extras in the name works correctly.
Regression test for https://github.com/pypa/pipx/issues/925
"""
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "installed package pycowsay" in captured.out
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "pycowsay[test_extra]"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "pycowsay is already at latest version" in captured.out
assert "Package is not installed" not in captured.err
================================================
FILE: tests/test_upgrade_all.py
================================================
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from helpers import PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS, mock_legacy_venv, run_pipx_cli
def test_upgrade_all(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade-all"])
def test_upgrade_all_none(pipx_temp_env, capsys):
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade-all"])
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "No packages upgraded after running 'pipx upgrade-all'" in captured.out
@pytest.mark.parametrize("metadata_version", PIPX_METADATA_LEGACY_VERSIONS)
def test_upgrade_all_legacy_venv(pipx_temp_env, capsys, caplog, metadata_version):
assert run_pipx_cli(["upgrade", "pycowsay"])
assert not run_pipx_cli(["install", "pycowsay"])
mock_legacy_venv("pycowsay", metadata_version=metadata_version)
if metadata_version is None:
capsys.readouterr()
assert run_pipx_cli(["upgrade-all"])
assert "The following package(s) failed to upgrade: pycowsay" in caplog.text
else:
assert not run_pipx_cli(["upgrade-all"])
================================================
FILE: tests/test_upgrade_shared.py
================================================
import subprocess
import pytest # type: ignore[import-not-found]
from helpers import run_pipx_cli
@pytest.fixture
def shared_libs(pipx_ultra_temp_env):
# local import to get the shared_libs object patched by fixtures
from pipx.shared_libs import shared_libs as _shared_libs # noqa: PLC0415
yield _shared_libs
def test_upgrade_shared(shared_libs, capsys, caplog):
assert shared_libs.has_been_updated_this_run is False
assert shared_libs.is_valid is False
assert run_pipx_cli(["upgrade-shared", "-v"]) == 0
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "creating shared libraries" in captured.err
assert "upgrading shared libraries" in captured.err
assert "Upgrading shared libraries in" in caplog.text
assert "Already upgraded libraries in" not in caplog.text
assert shared_libs.has_been_updated_this_run is True
assert shared_libs.is_valid is True # type: ignore[unreachable]
shared_libs.has_been_updated_this_run = False
assert run_pipx_cli(["upgrade-shared", "-v"]) == 0
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "creating shared libraries" not in captured.err
assert "upgrading shared libraries" in captured.err
assert "Upgrading shared libraries in" in caplog.text
assert "Already upgraded libraries in" not in caplog.text
assert shared_libs.has_been_updated_this_run is True
assert run_pipx_cli(["upgrade-shared", "-v"]) == 0
assert "Already upgraded libraries in" in caplog.text
def test_upgrade_shared_pip_args(shared_libs, capsys, caplog):
assert shared_libs.has_been_updated_this_run is False
assert shared_libs.is_valid is False
assert run_pipx_cli(["upgrade-shared", "-v", "--pip-args='--no-index'"]) == 1
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert "creating shared libraries" in captured.err
assert "upgrading shared libraries" in captured.err
assert "Upgrading shared libraries in" in caplog.text
assert "Already upgraded libraries in" not in caplog.text
assert shared_libs.has_been_updated_this_run is False
assert shared_libs.is_valid is True
def test_upgrade_shared_pin_pip(shared_libs):
def pip_version():
cmd = "from importlib.metadata import version; print(version('pip'))"
ret = subprocess.run([shared_libs.python_path, "-c", cmd], check=True, capture_output=True, text=True)
return ret.stdout.strip()
assert shared_libs.has_been_updated_this_run is False
assert shared_libs.is_valid is False
assert run_pipx_cli(["upgrade-shared", "-v", "--pip-args=pip==24.0"]) == 0
assert shared_libs.is_valid is True
assert pip_version() == "24.0" # type: ignore[unreachable]
shared_libs.has_been_updated_this_run = False # reset for next run
assert run_pipx_cli(["upgrade-shared", "-v", "--pip-args=pip==23.3.2"]) == 0
assert shared_libs.is_valid is True
assert pip_version() == "23.3.2"
================================================
FILE: tox.toml
================================================
requires = ["tox>=4.45"]
env_list = [
"3.13",
"3.12",
"3.11",
"3.10",
"3.9",
"lint",
"docs",
"man",
]
skip_missing_interpreters = true
[env_run_base]
description = "run tests with {env_name}"
package = "wheel"
dependency_groups = ["test"]
set_env.COVERAGE_FILE = "{work_dir}{/}.coverage.{env_name}"
commands = [
[
"pytest",
{replace = "posargs", default = [
"--cov=pipx",
"--cov-report=term-missing:skip-covered",
"--cov-report=xml:{work_dir}{/}coverage.{env_name}.xml",
"-n", "auto",
"--dist", "loadfile",
"tests",
], extend = true},
],
]
uv_seed = true
[env.dev]
description = "generate a DEV environment"
package = "editable"
dependency_groups = ["dev"]
commands = [
["uv", "pip", "tree"],
["python", "-c", "import sys; print(sys.executable)"],
]
[env.lint]
description = "run pre-commit on the codebase"
skip_install = true
dependency_groups = ["lint"]
commands = [["pre-commit", "run", "--all-files"]]
[env.docs]
description = "build documentation"
dependency_groups = ["docs"]
set_env.NO_MKDOCS_2_WARNING = "true"
commands = [
["mkdocs", "build", "--strict", "--site-dir", "{env:READTHEDOCS_OUTPUT:site}{/}html"],
["python", "-c", "print('docs built to: file://{tox_root}{/}{env:READTHEDOCS_OUTPUT:site}{/}html{/}index.html')"],
]
[env.docs-live]
description = "serve documentation with live reload"
dependency_groups = ["docs"]
set_env.NO_MKDOCS_2_WARNING = "true"
commands = [
["mkdocs", "serve", "--dirty", "--open"],
]
[env.man]
description = "build man page"
dependency_groups = ["man"]
commands = [
["python", "scripts/generate_man.py"],
]
[env.zipapp]
description = "build zipapp via shiv"
skip_install = true
dependency_groups = ["zipapp"]
allowlist_externals = ["{tox_root}{/}pipx.pyz"]
commands = [
["shiv", "-c", "pipx", "-o", "{tox_root}{/}pipx.pyz", "."],
["{tox_root}{/}pipx.pyz", "--version"],
]