\n
\n \n JSON Lines
\n {% if page.subtitle %}{{ page.subtitle }}{% else %}{{ page.title }}{% endif %}
\n \n {% include menu.html %}\n
\n \n {% include footer.html %}\n \n \n\n"
},
{
"path": "examples/index.md",
"content": "---\nlayout: default\ntitle: Examples\n---\n\n
\nBetter than CSV
\n\n
[\"Name\", \"Session\", \"Score\", \"Completed\"]\n[\"Gilbert\", \"2013\", 24, true]\n[\"Alexa\", \"2013\", 29, true]\n[\"May\", \"2012B\", 14, false]\n[\"Deloise\", \"2012A\", 19, true] \n
\n\n
CSV seems so easy that many programmers have written code to generate it themselves, and almost every implementation is different. Handling broken CSV files is a common and frustrating task. CSV has no standard encoding, no standard column separator and multiple character escaping standards. String is the only type supported for cell values, so some programs attempt to guess the correct types.
\n\n
JSON Lines handles tabular data cleanly and without ambiguity. Cells may use the standard JSON types.
\n\n
The biggest missing piece is an import/export filter for popular spreadsheet programs so that non-programmers can use this format.
\n\n
\nSelf-describing data
\n\n
{\"name\": \"Gilbert\", \"session\": \"2013\", \"score\": 24, \"completed\": true}\n{\"name\": \"Alexa\", \"session\": \"2013\", \"score\": 29, \"completed\": true}\n{\"name\": \"May\", \"session\": \"2012B\", \"score\": 14, \"completed\": false}\n{\"name\": \"Deloise\", \"session\": \"2012A\", \"score\": 19, \"completed\": true} \n\n\n
JSON Lines enables applications to read objects line-by-line, with each line fully describing a JSON object. The example above contains the same data as the tabular example above, but allows applications to split files on newline boundaries for parallel loading, and eliminates any ambiguity if fields are omitted or re-ordered.
\n\n
\nEasy Nested Data
\n\n
{\"name\": \"Gilbert\", \"wins\": [[\"straight\", \"7♣\"], [\"one pair\", \"10♥\"]]}\n{\"name\": \"Alexa\", \"wins\": [[\"two pair\", \"4♠\"], [\"two pair\", \"9♠\"]]}\n{\"name\": \"May\", \"wins\": []}\n{\"name\": \"Deloise\", \"wins\": [[\"three of a kind\", \"5♣\"]]}\n\n\n\n
JSON Lines' biggest strength is in handling lots of similar nested data structures. One .jsonl file is easier to work with than a directory full of XML files.
\n\n
If you have large nested structures then reading the JSON Lines text directly isn't recommended. Use the \"jq\" tool to make viewing large structures easier:
\n\n
grep pair winning_hands.jsonl | jq .\n
\n\n
{\n \"name\": \"Gilbert\", \n \"wins\": [\n [\n \"straight\", \n \"7♣\"\n ], \n [\n \"one pair\", \n \"10♥\"\n ]\n ]\n}\n{\n \"name\": \"Alexa\", \n \"wins\": [\n [\n \"two pair\", \n \"4♠\"\n ], \n [\n \"two pair\", \n \"9♠\"\n ]\n ]\n}\n\n
\n"
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"path": "index.md",
"content": "---\nlayout: default\ntitle: JSON Lines\nsubtitle: Documentation for the JSON Lines text file format\n---\n\n
\n This page describes the JSON Lines text format, also called newline-delimited JSON.\n JSON Lines is a convenient format for storing structured data that may be processed\n one record at a time. It works well with unix-style text processing tools and shell\n pipelines. It's a great format for log files. It's also a flexible format for passing\n messages between cooperating processes.\n
\n
\n The JSON Lines format has three requirements:\n
\n
\n \n 1. UTF-8 Encoding\n
\n
\n JSON allows encoding Unicode strings with only ASCII escape sequences, however those\n escapes will be hard to read when viewed in a text editor. The author of the JSON Lines\n file may choose to escape characters to work with plain ASCII files.\n
\n
\n Encodings other than UTF-8 are very unlikely to be valid when decoded as UTF-8 so the chance\n of accidentally misinterpreting characters\n in JSON Lines files is low.\n
\n
\n Like the JSON standard \n a byte order mark (U+FEFF) must NOT be included.\n
\n
\n \n 2. Each Line is a Valid JSON Value\n
\n
\n The most common values will be objects or arrays, but any JSON value is permitted.\n e.g. null is a valid value but a blank line is not.\n
\n
\n See json.org for a definition of JSON values.\n
\n
\n \n 3. Line Terminator is '\\n'\n
\n
\n This means '\\r\\n' is also supported because surrounding white space is\n implicitly ignored when parsing JSON values.\n
\n
\n Including a line terminator after the last JSON value in a file is strongly recommended\n but not required. Including a line terminator after every JSON value makes generating and\n concatenating JSON Lines files easier. If a line terminator follows the last JSON value\n in a file, it must be the last byte in the file.\n
\n
\n \n Conventions\n
\n
\n JSON Lines files may be saved with the file extension .jsonl.\n
\n
\n Stream compressors like gzip or bzip2 are recommended for\n saving space, resulting in .jsonl.gz or .jsonl.bz2 files.\n
\n
\n MIME type may be application/jsonl, but this is not yet standardized; any help\n writing the RFC would be greatly appreciated (see issue).\n
\n
\n Text editing programs call the first line of a text file \"line 1\". The first value in a\n JSON Lines file should also be called \"value 1\".\n
\n"
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${error}`);\n });\n } else {\n result.append('valid jsonl')\n }\n });\n});\n"
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"path": "on_the_web/index.md",
"content": "---\nlayout: default\ntitle: On The Web\n---\n\n
Airbyte is an open-source data integration tool that uses JSON Lines to communicate between containerized source applications that pull data from files/APIs/databses and containerized destination applications that write data to warehouses.
\n\n
Apache Spark uses JSONL for reading and writing JSON data.
\n\n
ArangoDB is an open source multi-model database. The JSON lines format allows to import huge amounts of documents sequentially (via arangoimport).
\n\n
BigQuery uses JSON Lines as one of the supported formats to load data into the database.
\n\n
BKL is a layered templating configuration tool that supports JSON Lines input and output.
\n\n
Bubbles supports JSON Lines datastores
\n\n
ClickHouse is an open source column-oriented DBMS. It supports JSON lines as JSONEachRow format for input and output.
\n\n
CSS HTML Validator for Windows v22.0211+ now supports JSON Lines syntax checking.
\n\n
Dart uses JSON Lines as one of the possible reporters when running tests.
\n\n
Dataflow kit is a web scraping open source framework written in Go. JSON Lines is one of the supported formats for storing results.
\n\n
Go Standard library's json.Encoder will produce JSON lines by default. The decoder parses Concatenated JSON, which is compatible with, though less strict than, JSON lines
\n\n
Golang JSONL library
\n\n
Graylog GELF is format for log messages, their stream is de-facto JSON lines.
\n\n
Immich is a self-hosted photo and video management solution. It uses JSON Lines for efficient syncing between its server and mobile clients, enabling incremental, resumable synchronization with minimal memory overhead.
\n\n
Kubernetes (k8s) is an open-source container orchestration system. It uses JSON Lines as format for auditing.
\n\n
Liquid Studio includes a JSON Lines Editor in a unique split view. The top view can load Terabyte+ JSON Lines files, the bottom view's JSON editor contains the selected JSON lines item, with syntax highlighting, schema aware validation, auto complete/intellisense, and other tools.
\n\n
Logstash supports JSON Lines via the json_lines codec
\n\n
Mattermost is an open-source, self-hostable online chat service. It uses JSON Lines as the format for bulk data migration on self-hosted instances.
\n\n
Miller supports JSON Lines format as input.
\n\n
NDJSON is a similar format that also allows blank lines
\n\n
Neo4j the open-source graph database supports JSONL export and import via its standard library procedures apoc.export/import.json to allow stream processing of nodes and relationships.
\n\n
OpenAI Evals is an AI Evaluations (Evals) application using JSON Lines to pass in bulk data.
\n\n
petl is a general purpose Python package for extracting, transforming and loading tables of data. It allows importing and exporting documents/records between many databases and file formats, including JSON lines, in local and remote filesystems and clouds.
\n\n
php-jsonl is a PHP library for reading & writing JSON Lines documents, taking advantage of the streaming benefits.
\n\n
plot.ly uses JSON Lines for its streaming data API
\n\n
pytest-reportlog is a pytest plugin which writes testing report data in JSON lines format
\n\n
Rumble is a JSONiq engine that runs on top of Spark. It can process datasets in the JSON lines format that have billions of objects and more.
\n\n
Scrapy is a framework for web scraping & crawling, it supports and recommends JSON lines since long -- it might've even coined the term.
\n\n
serde-jsonlines is a Rust library for reading & writing JSON Lines documents.
\n\n
Shopify GraphQL Bulk Operations API, designed for very large data exports from Shopify stores, returns results in the form of a JSONL file.
\n\n
Virtual JSON Viewer is a browser extension for navigating large JSON content which natively supports JSON Lines format.
\n"
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/* Old browsers */\n background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #fdfdfd 0%, #f6f6f6 100%); /* FF3.6+ */\n background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#fdfdfd), color-stop(100%,#f6f6f6)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */\n background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #fdfdfd 0%,#f6f6f6 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */\n background: -o-linear-gradient(top, #fdfdfd 0%,#f6f6f6 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */\n background: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #fdfdfd 0%,#f6f6f6 100%); /* IE10+ */\n background: linear-gradient(top, #fdfdfd 0%,#f6f6f6, 100%); /* W3C */\n filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#fdfdfd', endColorstr='#f6f6f6',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */\n}\n\na.button span {\n padding-left: 50px;\n display: block;\n height: 23px;\n}\n\n#download-zip span {\n background: transparent url(../images/zip-icon.png) 12px 50% no-repeat;\n}\n#download-tar-gz span {\n background: transparent url(../images/tar-gz-icon.png) 12px 50% no-repeat;\n}\n#view-on-github span {\n background: transparent url(../images/octocat-icon.png) 12px 50% no-repeat;\n}\n#view-on-github {\n margin-right: 0;\n}\n\ncode, pre {\n font-family: Monaco, \"Bitstream Vera Sans Mono\", \"Lucida Console\", Terminal, monospace;\n color: #222;\n margin-bottom: 30px;\n font-size: 14px;\n}\n\ncode {\n background-color: #f2f2f2;\n border: solid 1px #ddd;\n padding: 0 3px;\n}\n\npre {\n padding: 20px;\n background: #262626;\n color: #f2f2f2;\n text-shadow: none;\n overflow: auto;\n}\npre code {\n color: #f2f2f2;\n background-color: #303030;\n border: none;\n padding: 0;\n}\n\nul, ol, dl {\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n}\n\n\n/* COMMON STYLES */\n\nhr {\n height: 1px;\n line-height: 1px;\n margin-top: 1em;\n padding-bottom: 1em;\n border: none;\n background: transparent url('../images/hr.png') 50% 0 no-repeat;\n}\n\nstrong {\n font-weight: bold;\n}\n\nem {\n font-style: italic;\n}\n\ntable {\n width: 100%;\n border: 1px solid #ebebeb;\n}\n\nth {\n font-weight: 500;\n}\n\ntd {\n border: 1px solid #ebebeb;\n text-align: center; \n font-weight: 300;\n}\n\nform {\n background: #f2f2f2;\n padding: 20px;\n \n}\n\n\n/* GENERAL ELEMENT TYPE STYLES */\n\nh1 {\n font-size: 32px;\n} \n\nh2 {\n font-size: 22px;\n font-weight: bold;\n color: #303030;\n margin-bottom: 8px;\n} \n\nh3 {\n color: #d5000d;\n font-size: 18px;\n font-weight: bold;\n margin-bottom: 8px;\n} \n \nh4 {\n font-size: 16px;\n color: #303030;\n font-weight: bold;\n} \n\nh5 {\n font-size: 1em;\n color: #303030;\n} \n\nh6 {\n font-size: .8em;\n color: #303030;\n} \n\np {\n font-weight: 300;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n}\n \na {\n text-decoration: none;\n}\n\np a {\n font-weight: 400;\n}\n\nblockquote {\n font-size: 1.6em;\n border-left: 10px solid #e9e9e9;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n padding: 0 0 0 30px;\n}\n\nul li {\n list-style: disc inside;\n padding-left: 20px;\n}\n\nol li {\n list-style: decimal inside;\n padding-left: 3px;\n}\n\ndl dt {\n color: #303030;\n}\n\nfooter {\n background: transparent url('../images/hr.png') 0 0 no-repeat;\n margin-top: 40px;\n padding-top: 20px;\n padding-bottom: 30px;\n font-size: 13px;\n color: #aaa;\n}\n\nfooter a {\n color: #666;\n}\nfooter a:hover {\n color: #444;\n}\n\nnav li {\n display: inline;\n list-style-type: none;\n padding-right: 20px;\n padding-left: 0;\n}\n\n/* MISC */\n.clearfix:after {\n clear: both;\n content: '.';\n display: block;\n visibility: hidden;\n height: 0;\n}\n\n.clearfix {display: inline-block;}\n* html .clearfix {height: 1%;}\n.clearfix {display: block;}\n\n\n/* VALIDATOR */\n\n.validator .result {\n padding: 20px 0 0 0;\n}\n\n/* #Media Queries\n================================================== */\n\n/* Smaller than standard 960 (devices and browsers) */\n@media only screen and (max-width: 959px) {}\n\n/* Tablet Portrait size to standard 960 (devices and browsers) */\n@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 959px) {}\n\n/* All Mobile Sizes (devices and browser) */\n@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {\n header {\n padding-top: 10px;\n padding-bottom: 10px;\n }\n #downloads {\n margin-bottom: 25px;\n }\n #download-zip, #download-tar-gz {\n display: none;\n }\n .inner {\n width: 94%;\n margin: 0 auto;\n }\n}\n\n/* Mobile Landscape Size to Tablet Portrait (devices and browsers) */\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px) {}\n\n/* Mobile Portrait Size to Mobile Landscape Size (devices and browsers) */\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px) {}\n"
},
{
"path": "validator/index.md",
"content": "---\nlayout: default\ntitle: Validator\ncustom-javascript-list:\n - /javascripts/vendor/jquery-3.7.0.min.js\n - /javascripts/vendor/codemirror-6.65.7.min.js\n - /javascripts/vendor/codemirror-6.65.7-javascript.min.js\n - /javascripts/validator.js\n\ncustom-css-list:\n - /stylesheets/vendor/codemirror-6.65.7.min.css\n - /stylesheets/vendor/codemirror-6.65.7-abbott.min.css\n---\n\n\n"
}
]